Phát triển dịch vụ Logistics tại doanh nghiệp giao nhận vận tải quy mô vừa ở Việt Nam trường hợp nghiên cứu : công ty giao nhận vận tải biển đông

BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRUONG D~I HQC KINH TE TP HO CHi MINH NGUYEN NGUY]J:T QUE I PHAT TRIEN DICH VU LOGISTICS TAl DOANH NGHIEP GIAO NH~N V~N TAl QUY MO VUA VI:IJ:T NAM- TRUONG HOP NGHIEN CUU: CONG TY GIAO NHAN - ? ~ A VAN TAl BIEN DONG Chuyen nganh: Quiin trj Kinh doanh Mfi sb: 5.02.05 LU~N VAN TH~C Si KINH TE Ngtriri htr6'ng dftn khoa hQc: TS PH~M THJ HA r -~HO CHi MINH- NAM 2004 B¢ GIAO Dl)C VA oAo T~O TRUClNG CH KINH TE TP.HCM THUVI~N MUCLUC LOOMODAU CHUONG TONG QUAN VE LOGISTICS 1.1 Khai niem va vai tro ctia Logistics: ' •' ~ ' •A , • • 1.1.1 Vat net ve S\f phat tnen cua Logtstlcs hi~n d(IL Thap nien 1960 1.1 1.1 1 Thap nien 1970 Thap nien 1980 1.1.1.3 1.1.1.4 Thap nien 1990 1.1.2 Khai ni~In Logistics 1.1.2.1 Cac khai ni~m thain khao •A ' ' • 1.1.2.2 Khat m~m Logtstlcs theo quan diem cua tac guL 1.1.3 Vai tro cua Logistics 10 'A , •A • • • 1.2 Sa IU'Q'C v~ bol].t d()ng ciia cac cong ty cung cip d!ch V\1 Logistics ll 1.2.1 Cong ty Logistics (LSP: Logistics Service Provider) 11 1.2.2 Cac dich V\1 cung dip b6i LSP 11 1.2.2.1 Dich Vl.l,tuviht :············································································································ 11 1.2.2.1.1 Quyet dinh ve vi tri cua h~ th6ng kho-bai-nha xu6ng ········ 11 1.2.2.1.2 QuySt dinh v~ san xu~t 11 1.2.2.1.3 QuySt dinh h~ th6ng dlJ trfr hang h6a 12 1.2.2.1.4 ,QuySt di~ van tai :.:·······························································-···················12 1.2.2.2 f>ieu ph6i, to chUc th\fc hi~n chuoi Logistics 12 1.2.2.2.1 Dich V\1 kho-bai 12 1.2.2.2.2 Van tai va pban ph6i bang h6a 13 1.2.2.2.3 Quan ly (dlJ trfr) hang t6n kho 13 1.2.2.2.4 Th\fc hi~n don hang 13 1.2.2.2.5 Cac dich V\1 gia tang gia tri khac 13 1.2.2.3 Dich V\1 thong tin 13 1.2.2 3.1 Tracking I Tracing 14 1.2.2.3.2 f>~t hang I Nl$1 don $t hang Theo doi tiSn cua don hang 14 1.2.3 Phan lo(li cac cong ty Logistics 14 1.2.3.1 C~pdo 1: 14 1.2.3.2 c~p 2: 15 1.2.3.3 c~p 3: 1s 1.2.3.4 c~p 4: 15 1.3 · Y nghia cua VI~c ngh1en cuu , - ? _,, •A , • 1~ ~ CHUONG THUC TRANG PHAT TRIEN DICH VU LOGISTICS TAl CONG TY GIAO N~N V~N TAiBIEN DONG : : : 17 '" t h"A n hAl].D Vl].D A tai B'A G IO'I I~u CA ong t y gtao 1en DAong 17 2.1.1 Nhfrng thong tin ca ban 17 2.1.2 Chirc nang, nhi~m V\1 17 2.1.3 Ca c~u t6 chuc 18 ?0 2.2 Phiin tich thtfC trl].ng hOl].t dqng kinh doanh va tinh hinh phat tri~n d!ch V\1 Logistics tl].i cong n hAl].ll Vl].ll A t'" t y g1ao B"A 1en DAong 18 2.2.1 K6t qua ho~t d()ng kinh doanh 18 2.2.2 Dich V\1 van tai 19 Xet theo lo~i hinh van tai xufit nhiip kh~u 20 2.2.2.1 2.2.2.2 Xet theo thi trung 21 Xet theo phuong thirc va di~u kien chuyen eM 22 2.2.2.3 2.2.3 Dich V\1 kho-bai va phan ph6i hang h6a 25 He th6ng kho-bai va cac khach hang chinh 25 2.2 Kha nang m& r()ng dich V\1 25 2.2.3.2 2.2.4 Dich V\1 Hai quan 26 Van chuy~n hang cong trinh 27 2.2.5 2.2.6 Dich V\1 gia tri gia tang khac 27 Dich V\1 ki~m hang 27 2.2.6.1 2.2.6.2 Dich V\1 bao hi€m va chuy~n phcit chirng tir 28 Cac dich V\1 khac 29 2.2.6.3 2.2.7 He th6ng d~ Iy 29 2.2.8 He th6ng thong tin va Dich V\1 khach hang 30 2.2.8.1 He th6ng thong tin 30 2.2.8.2 Dich V\1 khach hang 32 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 Nh~n xet- ~anh gia chung • 32 Cac uu diem d~ cong ty phcit tri~n ho~t d()ng Logistics 32 Cac ~t ~ ch6 qua trinh phcit tri~n ho~t d()ng Logistics 33 CHUONG GIAI PHA.P PHAT TRIEN DICH VU LOGISTICS CUA CONG TY GIAO NH~N v~N TAl BIEN DONG GIAI DO :\N 2005-2010 34 3.1 Kinh nghi~m phlit tri~n cua cac cong ty Logistics khu V\fC ASEAN ya xu hu6ng phlit tri~n thj trtrimg out-sourcing hol_lt d()ng Logistics t\rl Vi~t Nam 34 1.1 Kinh nghiem phcit tri~n cua cac cong ty Logistics khu we ASEAN 34 3.1.2 Xu hu6ng phcit tri~n thi trung out-sourcing hoat d()ng Logistics tai VietNam 35 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 Djnh hmmg va my.c tieu phat tri~n cua cong ty Bi~n Dong giai dol.ln 2005-2010 37 Binh hu6ng: 37 M1.1c tieu phcit tri6n giai doan 2005-2010 37 H~ th6ng giiii phlip phat tri~n djch vy Logistics t\rl cong ty giao nh~n v~n tai Bi~n Dong 37 3.1 Nh6m giai phcip phcit tri6n dich V\1 37 3 1.1 ChU phcit tri6n dich V\1 van tai giao nhiin 37 3.3.1.2 Nang cao hieu qua ho~t d()ng kho-bai va pMn ph6i hang h6a 39 Nang cao chfit luQ'Ilg dich V\1 khach hang 40 3.3.1.3 3.3.1.4 Phcit tri6n cac dich V\1 gia tang khac 0 41 3.2 Nh6m giai phcip phcit tri6n cong ngM thong tin 41 3.3.2.1 Khai thac met d6 he th6ng EDI 41 303.2.2 Xay d\fng cac chuong trinh cap nhiit, truy tim gia va ijch tau "m&" 42 Xay dl.fng chuong trinh quan ly dO'n hang tren Web (Tracing & Trackin?) 42 3.3.2.3 3.3.2.4 Tim hiMkM nang irng d1.mg cac chuong trinh quan tri va lien k6t he thong 43 nv ~ +"-~ J d' h I ., ' ' 43 3 u~t nen 1111tg va' ph'at tr1en lC V\1 tu van giai ph'ap Logishcs 3.3 Nh6m giai phcip phcit tri6n he th6ng dai ly va d6i tac lien k6t kinh doanh 44 Cling c6 va phat tri6n M th6ng dai Iy 44 3.3.3.1 Lien k6t ngang 45 3.3 Lien k6t doc 45 3.3.3.3 Tan d\Ulg CO' hQi phat tri6n kinh doanh da chi~u 45 3.3.3.4 Thanh lap van phOng chi nhanh t~ dia di8m chi€n luqc: Vfing Tau, Da N~n,g 46 3.3.3.5 3.3.4 Nh6m giai phap cai ti€n CO' cfiu va each thirc quan ly 47 Tai cfiu trUe he th6ng 47 3.3.4.1 Cai ti6n each thirc quan ly 48 3.3.4.2 3.3 0 o o o o 3.3.4.3 ChUtrQngvaditym~ hol;ltdi;>ng Marketing 49 3.3.5 Nh6m giai phcip phat tri~n ngu6n nhan h;rc 50 3.3.5.1 Cap nhat va chufut h6a ki6n thirc chuyen mon 50 3.3.5.2 Roan thi~n van h6a cong ty 51 3.3.5.3 f>ao tl;lO mfii nhan vien la mi;>t nha tu vful Logistics chuyen nghiep 51 3.4~ Ki~n nghi 52 3.4.1 B6i v&i nganh van tru giao nhan 52 4.2 B6i v&i cac nganh khac 53 3.4.3 B6i v&i Nha nu&c 53 OA qua t h 1JC ben oll: ' ki~en n gh'! s~·•· H ·~u cua hA~ t h~ong g.ru p h'ap va' cac 3.5 ? 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KET LU~ 56 PHV LVC 57 TAI Ll¢u THAM KHA.o 62 Danh mlJC biing Bimg 1: Tinh hfnh kinh doa"!h cua cong ty BiJn Dong giai dor;m 2000-2004 19 Bang 2: Uu diem cua he thong ED! 31 Bang 3: Kit qua hogt df}ng kinh doanh dich vt,t vtjn tai himg xu tit khdu thea thi truimg 57 Bang 4: Kit qua hogt df}ng kinh doanh dich vt,t vtjn tai hang nhQp khdu thea tht truimg 57 Bang 5: Kit qua hogt df}ng kinh doanh djch vt,t vtjn ttii hang consolidation 58 Bang 6: Kit qua hogt d(mg kinh doanh dich vt,t vtjn tai hang Je co-load 58 Bang 7: Kit qua hogt df}ng kinh doanh dich vt,t vtjn tai bang duimg hang khOng 58 Bang 8: Kit qua kinh doanh dich vt,t vtjn tai hang FCL 59 Bang 9: Ty l? doanh thu hang chi djnh cua dgi lyl hang cong ty !1! kinh doanh 59 Bang 10: Kit qua kinh doanh t6ng thJ cac djch VT,t 59 Danh mlJc hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh Hinh 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: Quan trt vtjt tu I Logistics ddu vao Ph an ph6i san phdm I Logistics ddu th6ng Logistics (Logistics kinh doanh) Logistics va day chuydn cung img Ca cdu t6 chirc cua cong ty BiJn Dong 18 6: Kit qua kinh doanh djch vt,t vtjn tai thea logi hinh xu&t nhtjp khdu 20 7: Doanh thu djch vt,t v(ln tai hang xu&t khdu thea thj truimg 21 8: Doanh thu dtch vt,t vtjn tai hang nh(lp khdu thea thj truimg 22 9: Ca cdu cong ty BiJn Dong du(Jc didu chinh 48 10: Quy trinh phan ph6i hang- khtlch hang Tan Thjnh 60 11: Quy trinh kiJm tra va th'f!c hien dan hang- Khach hang A/do Group 61 He LOIMODAU Ly chQn d~ tai: Kinh t~, khoa hoc kY thu~t cang phat tri~n, "cung" va "c~u" v~ hang h6a, dich V\1 tren thi trnemg cang tr& nen da d~g, phong phu hon "bao gia h~t Nguai tieu dimg mong mu6n duqc th6a man nhu c~u m()t each nhanh chong, ti~n lqi, d6, nha cung cfip luon tim moi each d~ hang h6a c6 m~t tren thi trnemg thai gian nglln nhfit, kip thai dap irng cac yeu c~u cua khach hang Logistics chinh la cong Cl) t6ng hqp hfru hi~u rna nha cung cfip t~ dl)llg d~ d~t dUQ'C ffil)C dich cuaminh Ngay nay, khai ni~m Logistics da tr& nen rfit quen thu()c v&i h~u h~t cac thuong nhan Nhu c~u thue cong ty Logistics chuyen nghi~p th\fc hien dich V\1 dlng duqc nhi~u doanh nghiep ap dl)ng c6 hieu qua d VietNam 2-3 nam gk day, s6 lm;mg cong ty Logistics gia tang dang k~ (hien t~i c6 khoang hon 800 cong ty, t6c d() tang binh quan la 10%/nam, nghla la s6 luqng se vao ·khoang 1200 cong ty vong nam t&i) Tuy nhien, ho~t d()ng cua rfit nhi~u cong ty Logistics khong c6 gi khac so v&i ho~t dqng cua m()t cong ty giao nh~ v~n tai thong thuemg, thi trnemg giao nh~n v~n tai hang h6a rfit manh mttn, h~u h~t cac c6ng ty n·ong nganh c6 quy mo vira va' nh6 Trong bBi canh fiy, viec tim hi~u v~ Logistics va phat tri~n dich V\1 Logistics & cac cong ty giao nh~ v~ tai la rfit c~n thi~t, nhfit la c6 rfit it ta,;; gia nghien crru v~ vfiu d~ t~i VietNam, tai lieu tham khao h~n ch~ Ngoai ra, ti~n trinh gia nh~p WTO dang duqc rut ng~n d~n, Vi~t Nam c~n dAy m~nh hiam cung nguy~n v~t cap lieu ~ v -~ Hinh 1: Quim tri w;lt tu I Logistics ctdu viw San xuat Thj tru6'ng Vc;in chuy~') ~ _/ "'V" Hinh 2: Phiin ph6i sim phdm I Logistics adu Tru6'c 1960, cac nha quan tri c6 khuynh huang xem cac ho~t d()ng phan ph~i Ia cac ho~t d()ng ph6 thong va khong dang d~ chu y, vi~c dfin den chi phi tang nhanh va bdt hqp ly Chi phi Ifin vao cac chi phi gian tiep, chi phi t6ng hQP ctia cong ty khien cho nguai ta kh6 xac dinh mire d() thgc sg ctia cac chi phi phan ph6i d~ quan ly hang h6a m()t each hi~u qua 1.1.1.2 Thqp nien 1970 T6'i nhfing nam 1970, chi phi ho~t d()ng ctia cac cong ty tang rdt cao L~ phat phi rna da len t&i hai chu s6, ket qua Ia chi phi nhan cong, nha xu&ng, chi phi v6n da tang dang k~ va lam tang chi phi phan ph6i M~t khac, gia xang dfiu l~i leo thang OPEC doi cit giam luqng cung tren thi truoog, di€u bu()c cac nha qmin tri phai tim ki€m each thuc mcri d€ k€t n6i cac chuc nang phan ph6i T\1' h6a nganh v~n tai cling dua l~i cho cac nha quan tri nhfrng 1\fa chQn mcri d€ cit giam chi phi, tang hi~u qua ho~t d()ng cua minh Vi v~y, cho tcri nhfrng nam cu6i cua th~p nien 1970, Quan tri v~t tu va Phan ph6i san phfun da duqc xem nhu m()t t6ng th€ hiiu cava thu~t ngu Logistics kinh doanh da m& r()ng han (hinh 3) LU'U kho San xuat NVL LU'U kho Th! trU'ang pham _ \. y Logistics dt!u vao Logistics dt!u Hinh 3: H? th6ng Logistics (Logistics kinh doanh) 1.1.1.3 Thtjp nien 1980 Trong th~p nien 1980, S\1' phat tri€n cua Logistics duqc danh dftu ro r~t nhftt, vi~c b6 nhfrng lu~t 1~ can tr&, m& r()ng dich V\1 Logistics da lam thay d6i quan h~ giua nguai chuyen ch& va nguai gfri hang Cac nha chuyen ch& t~p trung mQi kha nang d€ giam gia eucre nhfun ti€t ki~m chi phi v~ tai; d6, nguai gfri hang l~i t~p trung hang h6a vao m()t s6 it nha v~ chuy€n rna hQ danh gia cao nh~m d~t duqc k€t qua dam phan t6t han cho cong vi~c phan ph6i hang h6a cua minh, d6 la ly t~i luqng nguai gfri hang c6 ve it han nhung t6ng cong vi~c kinh doanh cua m()t nha v~ tai nao d6 l~i gia tang nhi€u han Vi th€, cac nha v~ tai phai nfi l\fc d€ lQt vao danh sach nha thfiu duqc nguai gfri hang l\fa chQn Nhfrng nha thfiu cong la nguai c6 djch V\1 khach hang vuqt tr()i, c6 cac djch V\1 gia tri gia tang hftp dfin va gia ca a muc hqp ly M()t lo~t cac thong 1~ mcri da nfii len cac nha v~n tai cling nhu nguai gfri hang mu6n c6 ging cit giam chi phi va cai thi~n djch V\1 cua minh, bao gbm nhfrng ho~t d()ng nhu len h6a dan va ki€m tra eucre t\1' d()ng, dimg h~ th6ng trao dbi dfr li~u di~n tir EDI d€ h6 trq vi~c sir d\lng hoa dan di~n ill khong sir d\lllg giAy, tim ki~m hang hoa, n~i, nr tra CUu va tinh cu&c, theo doi cac khi~u to an cu&c vv Ciing th~p nien 1980, nhieu cong ty da thay dbi ca cAu d€ ding cao kha nang c~ tranh va tranh bi sap tri€n m~nh, nganh dich V\1 bimg nh~p b6'i cong ty khac, thuang m~i th~ gi&i phat nl> nhanh chong Cac cong ty cung cAp dich V\1 Logistics b~t d§u xuAt hi~n nhieu han, h~ th6ng Just in time (JIT) ngm1i Nh~t sang ki~n ciing xuAt hi~n thai kY Nguyen tiic CO' ban cua h~ thBng ntly Ia khong siin xuat hay v{in chuyin hang chlfa co ilijt hang, noi dtch khac, h~ th6ng JIT mu6n d~t duqc ID\lC dich cung i:mg v~t tu, hang hoa theo nhu cku th~rc SlJ cua khach hang thai gian ng~ nhAt, giam thi€u chi phi luu kho D€ d~t duqc dieu nay, vAn de xu ly va truyen thong tin la y~u t6 t6i quan trQng Thong tin kjp thOi, chinh xtic se thay thl cho vi~c siin xuiit theo dlf ilotin va t8n kho siin phdm H~ th6ng JIT se phan i:mg nhanh chong theo d~ng "cku keo", nghia la nhu cku th~:rc t~ se duqc thong tin kip thai va h~ th6ng chi t~o mot luqng cung tuO'ng ling rna thoi 1.1.1.4 Thgp nien 1990 Cho t&i th~p nien 1990 ho~t dong cua nhieu cong ty da biio hoa 6' thi truang nu&c, buoc cac cong ty phai c~t giam cac chi phi d€ co th€: kinh doanh hi~u qua han va vuan ho~t dong cac thi truerng nu&c ngoai vAn de rut ng~n thai gian d€ hang hoa co mijt n·en thi truerng va nang cao chAt luqng dich VI,L ciing la hai y~u t6 quan trQng khac nh~m nang cao lqi th~ c~ tranh cua doanh nghi~p Tbng hqp nhfrng yeu cku kh~t khe ve chi phi, thai gian va chAt Iuqng dich V\1 buoc cac nha quan tri phai tim nhfrng cong C\1 hfru hi~u m&i d€ cai thi~n, ti~p t'llc phat tri€n cong vi~c kinh doanh Bo chinh la cai thi~n ho~t dong Logistics Tuy nhien, d€ co duqc cong C\1 hfru hi~u khong phai la dieu dan gian, vi cac cong ty phai dku tu cong ngh~ m&i, nhAt Ia cong ngh~ thong tin, rna rong h~ th6ng tren toan cku, phat tri€n ngu6n nhan ll,lC VV Vz vgy, a€ cfit giam chi phf, thai gian phdn phtJi hang 51 each thuc dong g6i hang h6a, bao hi em, khi€u n~i vv Cac ki€n thuG chung cho mi nhan vien: djch V\l khach hang va ky nang dam phan, thuy€t ph\lC khach hang, each thuc quan ly thai gian, len k€ ho~ch, s~p x€p cong vi~c, h~ th6ng ch~t luqng, ky nang sic d\lfig cac phfut m€m vv Phong nhan S\f chiu trach nhi~m v€ cac chuong trinh dao t~o va xin y ki€n Ban giam d6c dinh k)r 2lfrnJnam 3.3.5.2 Hoim thi¢n van h6a c6ng ty Thuc dAy tinh thAn lam vi~c ddng doi vi S\f phat tri€n cua cong ty Khi CO' c~u cong ty phat tri€n va s6 luqng nhan vien tang len, vi~c thuc dAy tinh thAn lam vi~c ddng doi cAn duqc d~c bi~t quan tam Cong ty cAn di~ cac ho~t dong c~nh tranh gifra cac phong ban, thi dua d~t m\lC tieu.cua tlmg phong nh~m d~t duqc nhfrng m\lC tieu chung cua cong ty Bo ph~n nhan S\f cAn chuAn bi kY luang va tham y ki€n cua Ban giam d6c va cua nhan vien tru&c phat dong phong trao Mi ho~t dong d€u huang v€ khach hang Cong ty cAn xay d\lllg tinh thAn lam vi~c huang v€ khach hang - vi khach hang Khach hang la tai san quy gia cua cong ty Cong ty d€ cao ca khach hang ben ngoai va khach hang ben Mi ho~t dong dSu phai huang t&i vi~c lam hai long, thoa man nhu cfru cua khach hang Cac n6 1\fc cua nhan vien se duqc tu6ng thu&ng xirng dang Khuy€n khfch nhan vien lam vi~c, d€ cac m\lC tieu de h9 vuon t&i va tu