Chapter 18 - The elasticities of demand and supply. Learning objectives of this chapter include: The elasticity of demand, the determinants of elasticity, elasticity and total revenue, the elasticity of supply, tax incidence.
(hint . . . measure it vertically) Price D Answer: $3 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Output Copyright 2002 by The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 1830 Tax Incidence (tells us who really pays the tax) $10 S2 S1 A tax increase lowers the supply Who pays the tax? S1/D P=$6; QD=6 Price S2/D P=$7; QD=4 D The Customer pays an additional $1 The Supplier absorbed the rest 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Output ($2) 1831 Copyright 2002 by The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Tax Incidence $10 (tells us who really pays the tax) The demand curve is perfectly inelastic The burden falls S2 entirely on the S1 buyer Who pays the tax? S1/D P=$6; QD=6 Price S2/D P=$9; QD= 6 The buyer pays and additional $3 Seller absorbs D ($0) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Output 1832 Copyright 2002 by The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Tax Incidence (tells us who really pays the tax) The supply curve is more elastic than the demand curve The burden falls $10 S2 mainly on the buyer S1 Who pays the tax? S1/D P=$6; QD=6 S2/D P=$8.30 Price QD=2 D The buyer pays and additional $2.30 Seller absorbs $.70 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Output 1833 Copyright 2002 by The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Summary • When the supply is perfectly inelastic, the seller bears the entire tax burden • When supply is perfectly elastic, the buyer bears entire tax burden • As the elasticity of demand rises, the tax burden is shifted from the buyer to the seller • As the elasticity of supply rises, the tax burden is shifted from the seller to the buyer Copyright 2002 by The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved 1834 ... absorbed the rest 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Output ($2) 18 31 Copyright 2002 by The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Tax Incidence $10... Seller absorbs D ($0) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Output 18 32 Copyright 2002 by The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Tax Incidence (tells us who really pays the tax)... Seller absorbs $.70 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Output 18 33 Copyright 2002 by The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Summary • When the supply is perfectly inelastic, the seller