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Untitled 1 Tài liệu Kiến thức cơ bản Tiếng Anh 12 Trường THPT Đào Sơn Tây Lớp 12C Họ và tên Năm học 2021 2022 2 UNIT 1 HOME LIFE (CUỘC SỐNG GIA ĐÌNH) I VOCABULARY 1 annoy (v) làm phiền, làm bực mình 2[.]
Tài liệu Kiến thức Tiếng Anh 12 Trường THPT Đào Sơn Tây Lớp: 12C… Họ tên:………………………… Năm học 2021 - 2022 UNIT 1: HOME LIFE (CUỘC SỐNG GIA ĐÌNH) I VOCABULARY: annoy (v) làm phiền, làm bực attempt (n) cố gắng, nỗ lực attempt (v) cố gắng, làm, nỗ lực biologist (n) nhà sinh vật học biological (adj) thuộc sinh vật học biology (n) sinh vật học caring (adj) quan tâm, hay giúp đỡ close – knit (adj) gắn bó với come up = occur = happen (v) xảy confidence (in sth/sb) (n) tin cậy, tự tin confident (of sb/sth) (adj) tin tưởng confidently (adv) cách tự tin garbage (n) rác give a hand = help (v) giúp đỡ 10 household chore (n) việc nhà 11 join hands (v) hợp sức lại, chung tay 12 mischievous (adj) tinh nghịch, ranh mãnh mischievously (adv) tinh nghịch mischievousness (n) tính tinh nghịch 13 obedient (adj) biết lời, ngoan ngoãn obedience (n) lời obey (v) lời disobedient (adj) không lời, ngang ngược 14 play trick on somebody chơi xỏ ai, chơi khăm 15 project (n) đề án, dự án 16 responsibility (n) trách nhiệm responsible (for) (adj) có trách nhiệm irresponsible (adj) vơ trách nhiệm 17 rush (v) vội vã gấp 18 secure (adj) an toàn, chắn, tự tin security (n) an toàn, bảo đảm 19 separately (adv) cách riêng biệt separate (adj) riêng biệt 20 shift (n) ca (làm việc) 21 study pressure (n) áp lực học tập 22 supportive (adj) khích lệ, động viên support (n) ủng hộ support (v) ủng hộ 23 willing (to something) (adj) vui lòng, sẵn lịng làm II GRAMMAR REVISION OF TENSES PAST SIMPLE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) a Form: (+) S + V2/ed (+) S + was/were + O (-) S + didn’t + V (-) S + wasn’t/weren’t + O (?) Did + S + V? (?) Was/were + S + O? b Use: - Diễn tả hành động chấm dứt hẳn thời điểm hay khoảng thời gian xác định khứ Ex: She was born in 1980 - Diễn tả thói quen khứ Trong trường hợp khứ đơn mang nghĩa used to Ex: I always got up at six in those days (= used to get) - Diễn tả chuỗi hành động xảy khứ Ex: Yesterday morning, I got up at o’clock First I did some jogging Next I took a bath, had breakfast and then went to school c Recognition: - last week/ month/ year/… - yesterday/ ago/ in 1969/ in the past/… Notes: “ED” pronunciation /ɪd/; /t/; /d/ /t/ Âm cuối /f/ /k/ /p/ /s/ /tʃ/ /ʃ/ /d/ Âm cuối /b/ /g/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /ɪd/ Âm cuối /t/ /d/ /r/ /v/ /z/ /dʒ/ nguyên âm Ex: watched, coughed, talked, Ex: entered, robbed, typed, brushed managed, agreed, caused, Ex: waited, added arrived PAST PROGRESSIVE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN) a Form: (+) S + was / were + V-ing (-) S + wasn’t/ weren’t + V-ing (?) Was/ were + S + V-ing? b Use: - Diễn tả hành động diễn thời điểm xác định khứ Ex: - A What were you doing at o’clock last night? B I was driving home from work - Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ bị hành động khác cắt ngang Ex: - I met her when / while we were working for the same company - Diễn tả hai hành động tiếp diễn song song xảy lúc khứ Ex: - I was listening to music while my parents were watching TV last night * Note: Với cách dùng while thường đứng câu c Recognition: at that time, at a.m yesterday… PRESENT PERFECT (THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH) a Form: (+) S + have/ has + V3/ed (-) S + haven’t/ hasn’t + V3/ed (?) Have/ Has + S + V3/ed? b Use: - Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu khứ tiếp diễn đến Với ý nghĩa hồn thành dùng với since for Ex: - Mr Brown has taught maths in this school for five years - The child has been ill since yesterday * Note: since + mốc thời gian for + khoảng thời gian - Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ không xác định thời gian Ex: - Mr Clark has travelled around the world - Diễn tả hành động lặp lặp lại nhiều lần khứ Ex: - We have seen this play several times - Diễn tả hành động hoàn thành trước hành động khác tương lai Ex: - The young scientist declares that he has completed the experiment successfully c Recognition: - ever, never, before, already, lately, recently, yet, just… - so far, up to now = until now = up to the present, since, for… - This is the first (second/ third ) time III EXERCISES I Choose the word whose main stress is put on a different syllable from that of the others in the group: A obedient B confidence C mischievous D reference A close-knit B supportive C biologist D generally II Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in the group: A safe B staff C base D bass A discussion B revision C attention D admission A served B hoped C liked D coughed III Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence: I don’t have my own room I have to the bedroom with my elder brother A divide B share C separate D live “Have you been abroad recently?” “I last abroad in 2004” A go B went C have gone D was going Five dollars _ all that he had when he first arrived in this city A have been B has been C were D was She the piano when she was a child A played B was playing C has played D had played 10 Someone my bike! Now I’ll have to walk home A steals B stolen C has stolen D had stolen 11 As soon as Debbie got out of bed, she opened the window and _ in fresh air A breathes B breathed C was breathing D has breathed 12 In the middle of the night, I _ on the sofa when someone at the door A had slept – was knocking B was sleeping – knocked C slept – was knocking D was sleeping – had knocked 13 I wish Maureen worked as hard as Theresa _ A does B can C will D did 14 I haven’t had a Chinese meal A since ages B for 2002 C since two years D for years 15 Many people are ready to to improve health care around the world A gather heads B consider legs C open hearts D join hands 16 They closed the road in an to reduce traffic in the city A attempt B advance C effort D ability 17 I am a lot of study pressure because I am now in my final year at the secondary school A above B with C under D on 18 My mother need someone dependable to _ the children while she is at work A look up B look after C look into D look on 19 Because they are a and supportive of one another, they often share their feelings and whenever problems come up, they discuss them frankly and quickly find solutions A close-knit B close-founded C close-worn D close-made 20 Daisy: “What a lovely house you have!” – Mary: “ .” A Lovely I think so B Thank you Hope you will drop in C Of course not It’s not costly D No problem IV Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question: NUCLEAR FAMILY The traditional definition of a nuclear family is a family unit that includes two married parents of opposite genders and their biological or adopted children living in the same residence However, the term “nuclear family” can mean several different things in today’s society Understanding the classic roles in this type of family and how it is defined can help you understand the relationships in your own family, whether it’s nuclear or not According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the term “nuclear family” was first used in 1947, but the concept of a family that consists of just parents and children is much older This basic unit of a family’s structure has existed for millennia, but it wasn’t until the 1960s and 1970s that the nuclear family became the majority situation At that time, industrial economic booms and rising wages made it possible for young parents to afford their own homes without living with extended family members At the same time, better healthcare contributed to the nuclear family, as elderly members became more self-sufficient and independent for decades after their children were grown Today, the era of the nuclear family is often glamorized, complete with mom in the kitchen, dad out earning the paychecks, and the kids building a tree house or hosting a stuffed animal tea party In reality, there is no ideal type of family, and today’s definition of a nuclear family can greatly differ from that it was a few decades ago 21 Nuclear family is A a family that includes not only parents and children but also other relatives B a family that includes only the father, mother, and children C a family that includes a person’s parents, spouse, children and siblings D a family that includes children from a previous marriage of the wife, husband, or both parents 22 When was the term “nuclear family” officially used? A in 1947 B in 1960 C in 1970 D until the 19601970 23 The word “millennia” in paragraph means A 200 years B 500 years C about 10000 years D about 1000 years 24 According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true? A The children should take care of their elderly members after they are grown B The nuclear family didn’t become the majority situation until the 1960s and 1970s C Understanding the roles in nuclear family helps you understand the relationships in your family D Young parents afford their own homes because of industrial economic booms and rising wages 25 The word “glamorized” in paragraph mostly means A unexpected B disclaimed C desirable D admirable V Choose the underlined part in each sentence that should be corrected 26 All of the homework given (A) by our teachers are (B) useful to (C) every student (D) 27 When Helen was (A) a child, she has worked (B) in a factory for (C) more than (D) three years 28 The tourist guide only has (A) a twenty-dollar bill (B) with her when (C) she landed at (D) the airport 29 After Mrs Wang had returned (A) to her house (B) from work (C), she was cooking (D) dinner 30 Elizabeth has resigned (A) as (B) queen (C) of England from (D) 1558 to 1603 VI Choose the word or phrase that best fits each space in the following passage To many people, their friends are the most important in their life really good friends always (31) joys and sorrows with you and never turn their backs on you Your best friend may be someone you have known all your life or someone you have grown (32) with There are all sorts of things that can (33) about this special relationship It may be the result of enjoying the same activities and sharing experiences Most of us have met someone that we have immediately felt relaxed with as if we had known them for ages However, it really takes you years to get to know someone well (34) to consider your best friend To the majority of us, this is someone we trust completely and _ (35) understands us better than anyone else It’s the person you can tell him or her your most intimate secrets 31 A have B share C give D spend 32 A up B through C on D in 33 A provide B bring C cause D result 34 A such B too C enough D so 35 A whose B whom C which D who VII Word form: Despression is both _ and psychological (biology) Protecting the environment is every man’s _ (responsible) With careful training, a dog will its master completely (obedient) He looked for a chance to embarrass his sister (mischievous) in yourself is the first step on the road to success (confident) VIII Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it I have never seen such a beautiful building It’s I have never read such a romantic story This is _ They had never had such a cold winter It was You will never meet anyone more dangerous than Mrs Jones Mrs Jones is _ Man has never had such efficient servants as computers Computers are I haven’t played football since 2000 The last time _ I haven’t been to Ho Chi Minh city for years The last time _ I’ve never met such a famous person before It’s _ She hasn’t seen that boy here before It’s _ 10 She hasn’t written to us since last year The last time _ 11 She started to learn English years ago It’s _ 12 He hasn’t laughed so much for ages It’s _ 13 I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years It’s _ 14 The telephone rang for hours It’s _ 15 I haven’t seen him for ages It’s _ UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY (ĐA DẠNG VĂN HÓA) I VOCABULARY attractiveness attract attractive attractively be supposed to sth suppose bride conduct confide confide something to somebody confide in somebody confidence have confidence in someone contractual contract contract diversity diversify diverse determine equal equal equal equality equalize equally 10 groom = bridegroom 11 key 12 maintain (n) (v) (adj) (adv) (idiom) (v) (n) (v) (v) (v) (v) (n) (v) (adj) (v) (n) (n) (v) (adj) (v) (adj) (n) (v) (n) (v) (adv) (n) (adj) (v) hấp dẫn, quyến rũ thu hút, hấp dẫn hấp dẫn, quyến rũ cách hấp dẫn lẽ phải làm cho là, tin rằng, nghĩ dâu thực tâm kể (một bí mật) cho nghe giãi bày tâm với tin tưởng, giãi tâm tin tưởng theo hợp đồng ký hợp đồng, đính ước hợp đồng, khế ước tính đa dạng đa dạng hố thay đổi khác xác định, định rõ ngang, người ngang hàng bằng, ngang, sánh kịp bình đẳng bình đẳng hoá, làm nhau rể then chốt, chủ yếu trì maintenance 13 majority minority 14 marriage marry married 15 oblige obligation 16 on the other hand 17 particularly particular 18 partnership partner 19 physical physically 20 precede precedence 21 reject rejection 22 response respond to sb/sth 23 romantic romance 24 sacrifice sacrifice sacrificial 25 significantly significant significance signify 26 survey survey 27 traditionally tradition traditional 28 trust trust trustful 29 value valuable invaluable 30 wise wisdom wisely unwise (n) (n) (n) (n) (v) (adj) (v) (n) (adv) (adv) (adj) (n) (n) (adj) (adv) (v) (n) (v) (n) (n) (v) (adj) (n) (v) (n) (adj) (adv) (adj) (n) (v) (n) (v) (adv) (n) (adj) (n) (v) (adj) (n) (adj) (adj) (adj) (n) (adv) (adj) trì, bảo trì phần lớn, đa số thiểu số kết hơn, nhân kết hơn, cưới có gia đình bắt buộc nghĩa vụ, bổn phận, bắt buộc mặt khác, trái lại đặc biệt đặc thù mối quan hệ, mối tương quan vợ chồng thuộc thể thể, vật lý đến trước, xảy trước quyền trước, quyền ưu tiên bác bỏ, loại bỏ bác bỏ, khước từ trả lời, câu trả lời đáp lại lãng mạn lãng mạn, chuyện tình hy sinh hy sinh, vật hy sinh hy sinh quan trọng, đáng ý quan trọng, có ý nghĩa quan trọng, ý nghĩa có nghĩa, biểu thị khảo sát, điều tra khảo sát, điều tra theo truyền thống truyền thống cổ truyền tín nhiệm, lịng tin tin cậy, tín nhiệm đáng tin giá trị có giá trị vơ giá khơn ngoan, sáng suốt khôn ngoan, sáng suốt cách khôn ngoan không khôn ngoan II GRAMMAR REVISION OF TENSES PRESENT SIMPLE (THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN) a Form: (+) S (plu.) + V + O (+) S + am/is/are + O S (sing.) + Vs/es + O (-) S + am/is/are + not + O (-) S (plu.) + don’t + V + O (?) Am/Is/Are + S + O? S (sing.) + doesn’t + V + O (?) Do + S (plu.) + V + O? Does + S (sing.) + V + O? b Use: - Diễn tả thật hiển nhiên hay kiện luôn Ex: - The sun rises in the East and sinks in the West - I work in an office and live in a flat - Diễn tả thói quen hay hoạt động hàng ngày Trạng ngữ tần suất thường dùng với cách dùng Ex: - I usually go to school by bicycle - Thì đơn cịn dùng để tóm tắt kiện văn kể, hay kiện lịch sử Ex: - In Chapter 1, Susan meets David, and agrees to go to the dance school with him c Recognition: Adverbs of frequency: always, frequently, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, seldom, hardly, never S + (be) + Adv of frequency + V Note: “S” PRONUNCIATION /S/ /Z/ /IZ/ /s/ /z/ Âm cuối /f/ /k/ /p/ /t/ /θ/ Âm cuối /b/ /d/ /g/ /l/ /m/ /ɪz/ Âm cuối /s/ /z/ /tʃ/ /ʃ/ /dʒ/ /n/ /r/ /v/ /ð/ /ŋ/ nguyên âm Ex: laughs, cloths, hopes Ex: hugs, comes, goes, Ex: matches, judges, pushes enjoys, clothes, covers PRESENT PROGRESSIVE ( THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) a Form: (+) S + am/is/are + V-ing (-) S + am/is/are + not + V-ing (?) Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing? b Use: - Diễn tả hành động xảy vào thời điểm nói Ex: - Please don’t make so much noise I’m studying - Nói việc diễn khoảng thời gian tại, không thiết xác lúc nói Hãy xem số tình sau: Ex: Mike and Jane are talking and drinking in a café Mike says: “I’m reading an interesting book at the moment I’ll lend it to you when I’ve finished it.” - Diễn tả hành động tương lai gần đặt trước Ex: - I am meeting Tom for lunch tomorrow - Chúng ta dùng tiếp diễn nói khoảng thời gian bao gồm Ví dụ today, this season, this year Ex: - Tom isn’t playing football this season He wants to concentrate on his studies - Chúng ta dùng tiếp diễn nói tình thay đổi Ex: - The population of the world is rising very fast - Trạng từ “always: dùng tiếp diễn muốn diễn tả bực mình, khơng hợp lý theo ý người nói Ex: - I’m always making this mistake (tơi mắc lỗi lầm bực mình) c Recognition: now, right now, at the moment, at this time, Look! , Listen! … * Lưu ý: Những động từ trạng thái hoạt động nhận thức, tri giác, tình cảm khơng dùng tiếp diễn, mà dùng đơn cho dù hoạt động nhận thức, tri giác, tình cảm diễn vào thời điểm nói Đó động từ: see (thấy), hear (nghe thấy), taste (có vị), feel (cảm thấy), smell (toả mùi), love (yêu), like (thích), hate (ghét), know (biết), want (muốn), need (cần), think (cho rằng, nghĩ rằng), look (có vẻ), appear (có vẻ, hình như), remember (nhớ), belong to (thuộc về), contain (chứa đựng) Trong tiếng Việt ta nói: “Bạn cảm thấy / sao?” “Bạn muốn gì?” tiếng Anh ta nói: + How you feel? - I feel thirsty + What you want? - I want some water THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN) a Form: (+) S + have/has + been + V-ing (-) S + have/ has + not + been + V-ing (?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing? b Use: - Dùng diễn tả hành động diễn liên tục vừa chấm dứt, kết có liên quan đến Ex: “You look hot” “Yes I’ve been running” - Diễn tả hành động kéo dài liên tục lúc nói Trong cách nói này, ta dùng thời gian với “for” “since”, câu hỏi “how long” Ex: Carol has been talking on the phone for two hours PAST PERFECT (THÌ Q KHỨ HỒN THÀNH) a Form: (+) S + had + V3/ed (-) S + hadn’t + V3/ed (?) Had + S + V3/ed? b Use: - Diễn tả hành động hoàn thành trước hành động khác khứ Ex: - Jane had gone home when I phoned her at the office - Diễn tả hành động hoàn thành trước khoảng thời gian khứ Ex: - The secretary had typed 10 letters before the lunchtime yesterday c Recognition: Before, after, by the time, when, as soon as, by the age of… THE PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (THÌ Q KHỨ HỒN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN) a Form: 10 ... lịng tin tin cậy, tín nhiệm đáng tin giá trị có giá trị vơ giá khôn ngoan, sáng suốt khôn ngoan, sáng suốt cách khôn ngoan không khôn ngoan II GRAMMAR REVISION OF TENSES PRESENT SIMPLE (THÌ HIỆN... (v) (v) (v) (n) ngắn, nhanh cách ngắn gọn, tóm lại vỗ vỗ tay phổ biến thông dụng giao tiếp, truyền đạt giao tiếp, truyền đạt cởi mở, thân thiện nói, không cởi mở thân mật không nghi thức, thân mật... remember (nhớ), belong to (thuộc về), contain (chứa đựng) Trong tiếng Việt ta nói: “Bạn cảm thấy / sao?” “Bạn muốn gì?” tiếng Anh ta nói: + How you feel? - I feel thirsty + What you want? - I