Untitled 1 Tài liệu Kiến thức cơ bản Tiếng Anh 11 Trường THPT Đào Sơn Tây Lớp 11B Họ và tên Năm học 2021 2022 2 UNIT 1 FRIENDSHIP VOCABULARY 1 acquaintance (n) người quen → acquainted with (a) quen th[.]
Tài liệu Kiến thức Tiếng Anh 11 Trường THPT Đào Sơn Tây Lớp: 11B… Họ tên:………………………… Năm học 2021 - 2022 UNIT 1: FRIENDSHIP VOCABULARY acquaintance → acquainted with aim bright → brighten up changeable common → commonly = usually, normally concerned with constancy → constant → constantly down enthusiasm → enthusiastic → enthusiastically 10 give-and-take 11 gossip 12 incapable ≠ capable 13 influence → influential 14 joy → joyful 15 lasting 16 lifelong 17 loyal to → loyalty 18 mutual 19 pursue → pursuit 20 quality 21 rumor → rumor 22 secret → secret 23 selfish → selfishness ≠ unselfishness 24 sorrow 25 suspicion → suspect → suspicious of/ about → suspiciously 26 sympathy → sympathetic → sympathize with sb 27 trouble → trouble → troubled (n) (a) (n) (a) (v) (a) (a) (adv) (adv) (a) (n) (a) (adv) (a) (n) (a) (adv) (n) (n) (a) (a) (n) (v) (a) (n) (a) (a) (a) (a) (n) (a) (v) (n) (n) (n) (v) (n) (a) (a) (n) (n) (n) (n) (v) (a) (adv) (n) (a) (v) (n) (v) (a) người quen quen thuộc với mục đích sáng, vui tươi làm sáng lên, vui lên hay thay đổi phổ biến, thông thường thông thường quan tâm, lo lắng kiên trì liên tục thường xun buồn rầu lịng nhiệt tình nhiệt tình cách nhiệt tình cho nhận, nhân nhượng chuyện ngồi lê đôi mách khơng đủ khả đủ khả ảnh hưởng lực, có ảnh hưởng lớn niềm vui vui thích lâu dài suốt đời trung thành lòng trung thành chung, tương hỗ theo đuổi (một mục đích) theo đuổi chất lượng, phẩm chất tin đồn phao tin đồn điều bí mật bí mật ích kỷ tính ích kỷ tính khơng ích kỉ nỗi buồn nghi ngờ hồi nghi nghi ngờ cách đáng nghi thông cảm thông cảm thông cảm với rắc rối gây rắc rối lo lắng, gặp khó khăn 28 trust 29 two-sided 30 talkative (n) (v) (a) (a) tin cậy hai mặt, hai phía hay nói, điều GRAMMAR A Infinitive with "To" “To-infinitive” (động từ nguyên mẫu có “To”) thường dùng trường hợp sau: Verbs + To-infinitive: “To-infinitive” dùng sau số động từ thơng dụng như: - afford: có đủ tiền - hope: hy vọng - agree: đồng ý - learn: học - appear: xuất hiện, - manage: xoay xở - arrange: xếp - offer: tự nguyện - attempt: cố gắng - plan: dự định - ask: hỏi, yêu cầu - pretend: giả vờ - choose: chọn - promise: hứa - decide: định - refuse: từ chối - demand: đòi hỏi - resolve: tâm - determine: tâm - seem: dường - expect: mong đợi - threaten: đe dọa - fail: thất bại - want: muốn - happen: xảy - wish: mong muốn - hesitate: dự - would like: muốn Ex: How did you manage to get this part-time job? Verbs + object + To-infinitive: “To-infinitive” dùng sau số động từ với cấu trúc “động từ + túc từ + Toinfinitive”: - advise sb (not) to sth.: khuyên làm việc - allow sb to sth.: cho phép làm việc - ask sb (not) to sth.: yêu cầu làm - enable sb to sth.: tạo điều kiện cho làm - encourage sb to sth.: khuyến khích làm việc - forbid sb to sth.: cấm làm việc - force sb to sth.: bắt làm việc - invite sb to sth.: mời làm - order sb to sth.: lệnh cho làm việc - permit sb to sth.: cho phép làm việc - persuade sb to sth.: thuyết phục làm - remind sb to sth.: nhắc nhở làm việc - request sb to sth.: yêu cầu làm việc - tell sb (not) to sth.: bảo làm việc - urge sb to sth.: thúc giục làm việc - want sb to sth.: muốn làm việc - warn sb (not) to sth.: cảnh báo (đừng) làm việc - would like sb to sth.: muốn làm việc Ex: He persuaded his parents to lend him the money The police warned us not to drive very fast on this road 3 “To-infinitive” dùng làm chủ từ cho động từ appear, be, seem động từ nối khác (link verbs) Ex: - To solve the traffic problems seems impossible Tuy nhiên, trường hợp này, thường dùng cách nói bắt đầu chủ từ giả (unreal subject) “It” đặt “To-infinitive” sau câu: - It seems impossible to solve the traffic problems “To-infinitive” dùng sau số tính từ (adjective + To-infinitive), thường dùng với cấu trúc “It is + adjective (for sb.) + To-infinitive” Ex: - His explanations were difficult to understand - Is it convenient for you to work in the evening? “To-infinitive” dùng sau động từ “cost/take + túc từ” Ex: - It'll cost a lot of money to make a trip around the world - It would take many years to rebuild this ancient temple “To-infinitive” dùng để giản lược mệnh đề quan hệ (reduce relatives), dùng sau từ “the first / the second / the last / the only (+ noun)” Ex: - She bought some new clothes to wear during the holiday (She bought some new clothes which she could wear during the holiday.) - Who was the first student to find out the answer? (Who was the first student who found out the answer?) “To-infinitive” dùng để mục đích (To-infinitive for purposes) Trong cách dùng mục đích, dùng cách nói “in order to + infinitive” “so as to + infinitive” thay cho “To-infinitive” Ex: - They borrowed the money from the bank in order to/so as to/ to buy a car (They borrowed the money from the bank They wanted to buy a car.) “To-infinitive” dùng sau “Too + adjective/adverb (for sb.)” Ex: - This job is too hard for him to (This job is so hard that he can’t it.) - He spoke too quickly for me to understand (He spoke so quickly that I couldn’t understand him.) “To-infinitive” dùng sau “adjective/adverb + enough (for sb.)” Ex: - The sea was warm enough for us to swim in (The sea was warm, so we could swim in it.) - He didn’t speak slowly enough for me to understand (He didn’t speak slowly, so I couldn’t understand him.) * Chú ý: Chúng ta dùng “enough + noun + To-infinitive” Ex: - I didn’t have enough time to visit my relatives (I didn’t visit my relatives because I didn’t have time.) 10 Verbs + how / what / when / where / which / why + To-infinitive: “To-infinitive” dùng sau số động từ + how / what / when / where / which / why Ex: - I don’t remember when to hand in the report * Chú ý: Chúng ta dùng “whether + To-infinitive” sau “want to know” “wonder” Ex: - She wanted to know whether to stay or leave (Cơ ta muốn biết liệu có nên lại đi.) B Infinitive without “To” “Bare infinitive” (động từ nguyên mẫu không “To”) thường dùng trường hợp sau: “Bare infinitive” dùng sau trợ động từ “do / don’t / does / doesn’t / did / didn’t”, sau trợ động từ khiếm khuyết “can / could / would / may / might / must/ should / ought to / would rather / had better” Ex: - She doesn’t know where to go “Bare infinitive” dùng sau động từ “Make/Let + object” Ex: - The robber made the cashier hand over the money - I’ll let you borrow my car if you promise to take good care of it Khi động từ “Make” dùng câu bị động, phải theo sau “Toinfinitive” Ex: - The cashier was made to hand over the money by the robber * Chú ý: Sau “help” dùng “Bare infinitive”: - I’ll help you clean the floor OR: I’ll help you to clean the floor “Bare infinitive” dùng sau số động từ giác quan sau: see hear watch notice find feel + object + bare infinitive Ex: - I saw that man take your bike * Chú ý: Các động từ theo sau “Verb+ing” với ý nghĩa “nghe thấy làm gì” Ví dụ: - I saw that man running out of the building EXERCISES I Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word in brackets There are some _ characters hanging around outside our house (suspicion) _ is one of the most important factors for true friendship (Loyal) Some people tend to view foreigners with (suspect) Her can compensate for her lack of experience (enthusiastic) I can’t concentrate with that _ noise by the children (constancy) She tried her best to get a place at the University of Fine Arts in of her dream (pursue) The boss was very about my problems when I told him about them yesterday (sympathy) I hope you’ll consider me a friend and not just an (acquainted) He just can’t that job without help He seems to be totally of doing it by himself (capable) 10 This newspaper is considered to be the most in the country (influence) II Choose the word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences It is a belief that a person’s friends can affect his/her way of life A loyal B influential C common D lifelong He first met his wife at a party held by a(n) _ friend of theirs A gossip B mutual C changeable D incapable Some were circulating about her past, but later they were proved to be false A facts B truth C concerns D rumors Everyone expressed their at the death of the highly respected leader A sorrow B selfishness C influence D gossip Her mood is very She may laugh happily now and then suddenly she may cry bitterly A suspicious B changeable C constant D concerned “Thank you so much for your help, Steve” “ _.” A That’s right B I’m OK C My pleasure D Forget me not The weather is very , so you should take an umbrella with you A incapable B mutual C changeable D unbelievable A(n) is a person that you know but who is not a close friend A intimate B true friend C friendship D acquaintance They knew each other at primary school, and their friendship a lifetime A took B lasted C spent D continued 10 The wine had made him of thinking clearly A unable B impossible C incapable D inaccurate 11 A(n) person is unlikely to keep a secret long A talkative B quality C intimate D selfish 12 Everyone needs a close friend to their joys and sorrows A share B present C communicate D feel 13 She had always been to her husband A sympathetic B understanding C enthusiastic D loyal 14 There is a(n) going around that the minister is going to resign A information B rumour C news D uncertainty 15 Our relationship is based on respect A mutual B common C uncertain D selfish III Complete the passage by putting the words in the box into the blanks a professor kept since friendship to friends continued When in In front of the enormous Shibuya train station in Tokyo, there is a life-size bronze statue of (1) _ dog Even though the statue is very small when compared to the huge neon signs flashing, it isn't difficult (2) find It has been used as a meeting point (3) _ 1934 and today you will find hundreds of people waiting there for their (4) to arrive- just look for the crowds Hachiko, an Akita dog, was born (5) _ 1923 and brought to Tokyo in 1924 His owner, Professor Eisaburo Uyeno and he were inseparable friends right from the start Each day Hachiko would accompany his owner, a (6) at the Imperial University, to Shibuya train station when he left for work (7) _ he came back, the professor would always find the dog patiently waiting for him Sadly, the professor died suddenly at work in 1925 before he could return home Although Hachiko was still a young dog, the (8) _ between him and his owner was very strong and he (9) to wait at the station every day Sometimes, he would stay there for days at a time, though some believe that he (10) _ returning because of the food he was given by street vendors He became a familiar sight to commuters over time In 1934, a statue of him was put outside the station In 1935, Hachiko died at the place he last saw his friend alive IV Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence Can you manage the work by yourself? A finish B finishing C to finish I really can’t to travel by plane A enjoy B afford C stand They’re planning a flyover at this crossroads A building B to build C build My parents to send me to a different school A disliked B decided C avoided I’m sorry I’ve arranged to Susie’s birthday this Saturday A go B to go C going Bill agreed a speech at the meeting A make B making C to make Phil to have a difficult problem A can’t stand B give up C seems I failed in touch with him A getting B got C to get The workers to have longer holidays A enjoyed B suggested C hoped 10 Do you coming back in half an hour? A want B mind C expect 11 Kate was made the report by Monday A to finish B finish C finishing 12 Carl staying one night in the village A suggests B hopes C plans 13 Linda to have a headache and left the meeting early A afforded B offered C pretended 14 Do you think your father will you to go out at a late time? A make B let C allow 15 The lifeguard warned all of us too far from the shore A to not swim B not to swim C don’t swim 16 Why don’t you your son go camping with his classmates? A let B permit C urge 17 Some people saw the man out of the fourth floor window A fall B to fall C fell 18 Annie’s a nurse, but she’d rather at weekends A not to work B not work C doesn’t work 19 You to go today It may rain tomorrow A must B should C ought 20 Would you like now or shall we wait till the end? A go B to go C going V Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one He’s very ill; he can’t eat anything He’s too ill You won’t get up early so you never catch the fast train You won’t get up early enough He was so drunk that he couldn’t answer my question He was too drunk _ It’s not very dark so we can’t see the stars clearly It’s not dark enough _ We look forward to meeting our cousins again We expect He expects to buy those books He looks It takes me 30 minutes to go to school every day I spend _ They spend four months finding this shop It takes _ My father didn’t agree to help Tom because he was a robber My father denied _ 10 Do you feel like going to the cinema tonight, Ba? Would you like ? UNIT 2: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES VOCABULARY affect appreciate → appreciation at once = immediately attitude confidence → confident → confidently cotton embarrass → embarrassed → embarrassing → embarrassment exact → exactly experience → experience → experienced 10 extreme → extremely 11 floppy hat 12 get on a bus 13 glance → glance 14 idol → idolize 15 imagine → imaginary (v) (v) (n) (adv) (adv) (n) (n) (a) (adv) (n) (v) (a) (a) (n) (a) (adv) (n) (v) (a) (a) (adv) (n) (v) (v) (n) (n) (v) (n) (a) có tác dụng, có ảnh hưởng coi trọng, đánh giá cao coi trọng, đánh giá cao thái độ tự tin, tin tưởng tự tin, tin tưởng cách tự tin vải làm bối rối, xấu hổ bị bối rối xấu hổ gây bối rối xấu hổ bối rối xấu hổ xác cách xác kinh nghiệm trải nghiệm giàu kinh nghiệm cao độ mũ mềm lên xe buýt liếc nhìn liếc mắt thần tượng thần tượng hóa người tưởng tượng tưởng tượng (không thật) → imaginative → imagination 16 make a fuss 17 make sure 18 note 19 notice 20 point 21 protect → protection 22 sneak → sneaky → sneakily 23 turn away 24 wad (a) (n) (v) (v) (n) (v) (v) (v) (n) (v) (a) (adv) (v) (n) giàu trí tưởng tượng tưởng tượng; trí tưởng tượng làm ầm ĩ lên chắn tiền giấy, tờ giấy bạc để ý, nhận thấy tay vào bảo vệ, che chở bảo vệ, che chở hành động lút lút, gian xảo cách lút quay xấp (tiền giấy) GRAMMAR A Present simple (Thì đơn) * Đối với động từ To be (am/ is/ are) Affirmative Negative (Khẳng định) (Phủ định) S + am/ is/ are + … Interrogative (Nghi vấn) S + am/ is/ are + not + … Am/ Is/ Are + S + …? is not = isn’t are not = aren’t Ex: Ex: Ex: I am a student (Tôi He is not a teacher (Anh khơng Am I a student? (Tơi có phải học sinh.) phải giáo viên.) học sinh không?) She is a student (Cô I am not a winner (Tơi khơng phải Is it sunny? (Có phải trời nắng học sinh.) người chiến thắng.) không? We are very happy (Chúng They are not at home (Họ khơng Are you a doctor? (Bạn có tơi hạnh phúc.) có nhà.) phải bác sĩ khơng?) Động từ To Be chia theo chủ ngữ câu: I She, He, It, Singular noun (Danh từ số ít), Uncountable Noun (Danh từ khơng đếm được) You, We, They, Plural noun (Danh từ số nhiều) * Đối với động từ thường Affirmative Negative Interrogative (Khẳng định) (Phủ định) (Nghi vấn) S + V/Vs/es + … S + do/ does + not + V + am is are Do/ Does + S +V + …? Do not = don’t Does not = doesn’t Ex: Ex: Ex: I go to school every day She doesn’t study on Friday Do you play volleyball? Dog likes meat Jack and Peter don’t work late → Yes, I do./ No, I don’t today Does Lan listen to music after I don’t listen to music school? → Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t Động từ thường đơn chia theo chủ ngữ câu: I, You, We, They, Plural noun (danh từ số nhiều) She, He, It, Singular noun (danh từ số ít), Uncountable Noun (danh từ khơng đếm được) V Vs/es Thì đơn dùng trường hợp sau: Diễn tả thói quen sinh hoạt thường ngày (habitual actions) Trong cách dùng này, Thì đơn thường dùng với trạng từ như: always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, seldom, never, how often, every day, once/twice a week, … Ex: Phil usually has a headache whenever he has trouble Diễn tả điều gần chân lý: Ex: Most rivers flow into the seas Có thể dùng để diễn tả tương lai hành động có kế hoạch theo thời gian biểu: Ex: The plane leaves Hanoi at 9:30 and arrives in Ho Chi Minh City at 11:30 * Chú ý: Khi dùng đơn với ngơi thứ ba số (He, She, It) với chủ ngữ danh từ số ít, phải thêm "s" vào động từ Ex: He usually walks to work Thêm "es" vào động từ tận nguyên mẫu có: "ss, sh, ch, x" "o" Ex: - I cross, he crosses Khi nguyên mẫu tận có "y", mà trước phụ âm, đổi "y" thành "i+es" Ex: - I try, he tries Nếu trước "y" nguyên âm, không đổi "y" thêm "s" Ex: - I play, he plays B Present progressive (Thì tiếp diễn) Affirmative (Khẳng định) Negative (Phủ định) Interrogative (Nghi vấn) S + am/ is/ are + V-ing +… S + am/is/are + not + V-ing + Am/ Is/Are + S + V-ing +…? is not = isn’t 10 ... tin đồn điều bí mật bí mật ích kỷ tính ích kỷ tính không ích kỉ nỗi buồn nghi ngờ hoài nghi nghi ngờ cách đáng nghi thông cảm thông cảm thông cảm với rắc rối gây rắc rối lo lắng, gặp khó khăn... chia theo chủ ngữ câu: I She, He, It, Singular noun (Danh từ số ít), Uncountable Noun (Danh từ không đếm được) You, We, They, Plural noun (Danh từ số nhiều) * Đối với động từ thường Affirmative... theo chủ ngữ câu: I am He, She, It, Singular noun (danh từ số ít), Uncountable Noun (danh từ không đếm được) is We, You, They, Plural noun (danh từ số nhiều) are Thì tiếp diễn dùng trường hợp