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Untitled 1 Trường THPT Đào Sơn Tây Tổ Tiếng Anh Tài liệu Kiến thức cơ bản Tiếng Anh 12 Học kì 2 Năm học 2022 2023 2 UNIT 10 ENDANGERED SPECIES I VOCABULARY 1 available (adj) có sẵn 2 benefit (n/v) lợi[.]
Trường THPT Đào Sơn Tây Tổ Tiếng Anh Tài liệu Kiến thức Tiếng Anh 12 Học kì Năm học 2022 - 2023 UNIT 10: ENDANGERED SPECIES I VOCABULARY available benefit challenge 4.commercial -> commerce -> commercially conservation -> conservationist -> conserve construction -> construct -> constructor -> constructive -> constructively contaminated -> contaminate ->contaminant -> contamination deforestation -> deforest destruction -> destroy -> destructive -> destructively 10 enact 11 endangered -> endanger -> danger -> dangerous 12 exploitation -> exploit 13 extinction -> extinct 14 fertile 15 generation 16 globe 17 habitat 18 impact -> impact 19 loss 20 overhunting 21 primary 22 rare 23 reserve= preserve -> reserve -> reservation 24 seriously (adj) (n/v) (n/v) (adj) (n) (adv) (n) (n) (v) (n) (v) (n) (adj) (adv) (adj) (v) (n) (n) (n) (v) (n) (v) (adj) (adv) (v) (adj) (v) (n) (adj) (n) (v) (n) (adj) (adj) (n) (n) (n) (n) (v) (n) (n) (adj) (adj) (n) (v) (n) (adv) có sẵn lợi ích, có lợi thử thách, thách thức thuộc thương mại ngành thương mại thương mại bảo tồn người bảo tồn thiên nhiên giữ gìn, bảo tơn xây dựng xây dựng xây dựng mang tính xây dựng có tính chất xây dựng bị ô nhiễm làm ô nhiễm chất gây ô nhiễm ô nhiễm phá rừng phá rừng phá hủy, tàn phá phá hủy, tàn phá có tính hủy diệt có tính hủy diệt ban hành (luật) gặp nguy hiểm gây nguy hiểm nguy hiểm nguy hiểm khai thác khai thác, bóc lột tuyệt chủng tuyệt chủng phì nhiêu, màu mỡ hệ địa cầu, giới môi trường sống ảnh hưởng, sức ép gây ảnh hưởng, sức ép mát, tổn thất việc săn bắt đà đầu tiên, quan trọng quý khu bảo tồn trì, đặt chỗ trước trì, đặt chỗ trước cách nghiêm túc, nghiêm trọng -> serious -> seriousness 25 survive -> survival -> survivor 26 toxic 27 urbanization -> urbanize -> urban 28 on the verge of 29 vulnerable 30 a wide range of ST (adj) (n) (v) (n) (n) (adj) (n) (adj) (n) (idiom) (adj) nghiêm túc, nghiêm trọng tính nghiêm túc, nghiêm trọng sống sót sống sót người sống sót độc hại thị hóa thị hóa thuộc thành thị sửa yếu ớt, dễ bị nguy hiểm nhiều loại khác II GRAMMAR: MODAL VERBS S+ MODALS+ (NOT) + V1 ( tại, tương lai) S+ MODALS+ (NOT) +HAVE + V3/ED (q khứ) Ngồi đặc tính trợ động từ, động từ khuyết thiếu cịn có thêm số đặc tính riêng sau: Khơng có TO ngun mẫu khơng có TO có động từ theo sau Ex: They can speak French and English Khơng có S ngơi thứ ba số Hiện Ex: He can use our phone Chỉ có nhiều thì: Thì Hiện Quá khứ đơn Ex: She can cook meals Ex: She could cook meals when she was twelve A MODAL VERBS MUST/ MUSTN’T MUST động từ khuyết thiếu có hình thức MUST có nghĩa "phải" diễn tả mệnh lệnh hay bắt buộc Ex: You must drive on the left in London MUST bao hàm kết luận đương nhiên, cách giải thích hợp lý theo ý nghĩ người nói Ex: Are you going home at midnight? You must be mad! Ex: You have worked hard all day; you must be tired MUST NOT (MUSTN'T) diễn tả lệnh cấm Ex: You mustn’t walk on the grass Khi muốn diễn tả thể phủ định MUST với ý nghĩa "không cần thiết" người ta sử dụng NEED NOT (NEEDN’T) Ex: Must I it now? - No, you needn’t Tomorrow will be soon enough CANNOT (CAN’T) dùng làm phủ định MUST MUST diễn tả ý nghĩa kết luận đương nhiên, cách giải thích hợp lý theo ý nghĩ người nói đề cập điểm Ex: If he said that, he must be mistaken Ex: If he said that, he can’t be telling the truth MUST HAVE TO a) HAVE TO dùng thay cho MUST hình thức mà MUST khơng có Ex: We shall have to hurry if we are going to catch the twelve o’clock train b) HAVE TO thay MUST MUST mang ý nghĩa kết luận đương nhiên, cách giải thích hợp lý theo ý nghĩ người nói đề cập điểm Người ta phải diễn tả cách khác Ex: He must be mad (I personally thought that he was mad) c) MUST HAVE TO dùng để diễn tả cưỡng bách, bắt buộc (compulsion) Tuy nhiên MUST mang ý nghĩa cưỡng bách đến từ người nói HAVE TO mang ý nghĩa cưỡng bách đến từ hoàn cảnh bên (external circumstances) ex: You must what I tell you Ex: Passengers must cross the line by the bridge (Lệnh Cục Đường Sắt) Ex: Passengers have to cross the line by the bridge (Vì khơng cịn đường khác B MODAL VERBS MAY - MIGHT MAY dạng khứ MIGHT diễn tả xin phép, cho phép (permission) Ex: May I take this book? - Yes, you may Ex: She asked if she might go to the party MAY/MIGHT dùng diễn tả khả xảy hay khơng thể xảy Ex: It may rain Ex: He admitted that the news might be true Dùng câu cảm thán MAY/MIGHT diễn tả lời cầu chúc Ex: May all your dreams come true! Trong cách dùng xem MAY loại Bàng Thái cách (Subjunctive) MAY/MIGHT dùng mệnh đề theo sau động từ hope (hy vọng) trust (tin tưởng) Ex: I trust (hope) that you may find this plan to your satisfaction Ex: He trust (hoped) that we might find the plan to our satisfaction MAY/MIGHT dùng thay cho mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhượng (adverb clauses of concession) Ex: He may be poor, but he is honest (Though he is poor ) Ex: Try as he may, he will not pass the examination (Though he tries hard ) Ex: Try as he might, he could not pass the examination (Though he tried hard ) MAY/MIGHT thường dùng mệnh đề trạng ngữ mục đích (adverb clauses of purpose) Trong trường hợp người ta thường dùng CAN/COULD để thay cho MAY/MIGHT Ex: She was studying so that she might read English books MIGHT (không dùng MAY) dùng câu để diễn tả lời trách mắng có tính hờn dỗi (petulant reproach) Ex:You might listen when I am talking to you (Làm ơn ráng mà lắng nghe tơi nói) Ex: You might try to be a little more helpful (Làm ơn ráng mà tỏ có ích chút) Trong trường hợp cần thiết người ta dùng be allowed to, permit tùy theo ý nghĩa cần diễn tả để thay cho MAY MIGHT Ex: I shall be allowed to go to the party C MODALS NEED Có hai động từ NEED: động từ thường động từ khuyết thiếu Khi động từ khuyết thiếu NEED có hình thức Hiện có đầy đủ đặc tính động từ khuyết thiếu Nó có nghĩa "cần phải", tương tự have to Vì xem loại phủ định must Ex: Need he work so hard? Ex: You needn’t go yet, need you? Có điều cần nhớ động từ khuyết thiếu NEED không dùng thể xác định Nó dùng thể phủ định nghi vấn Khi dùng thể xác định phải dùng với từ ngữ phủ định Ex: You needn’t see him, but I must Ex: I hardly need say how much I enjoyed the holiday III EXERCISE A MULTIPLE Circle the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others A bamboo B good C foot D cook A cake B panda C face D late A social B science C sour D sure Circle the word whose stress part is placed differently from that of the others A reserve B schedule C wildlife D beauty A derive B contain C leopard D prevent Make the correct choice: Many plants and endangered species are now endangering of _ A expression B expulsion C extinction D extension _ is destroying larger areas of tropical rain forests A Disforestation B Deforestation C Anti-forestation D forests A lot of different conservation efforts have been made to endangered species A save B kills C make D It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species' declines and habitat _ and degradation are the leading threats A destroy B destructive C destructor D destruction 10 There are more than 20 working on the water treatment project A researches B researcher C researchers D research 11 John is not at home He _ go somewhere with Daisy I am not sure A might B will C must D should 12 Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with A extinct B extinction C extinctive D extinctly 13 Many people _ that natural resources will never be used up A view B consider C believe D regard 14 _ is the protection of environment and natural resources A Survival B Commerce C Conservation D Extinction 15 I am not deaf You _ shout A must B mustn't C need D needn’t 16 You ask a woman about her age It’s not polite A must B need C musn’t D needn’t 17 Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours He _ exhausted after such a long flight now A must be B must be being C must have been D should have been 18 The world's biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, which makes wildlife _ A prosperous B prefect C vulnerable D remained 19 I’ll lend you the money and you pay me back till next month A needn’t B mustn’t C need D must 20 _ I borrow your lighter for a minute? - Sure, no problem Actually, you _ keep it if you want to A May / can B Must / might C Will / should D Might / needn’t 21 The lamp _ be broken Maybe the light bulb just burned out A should not B might not C must not D will not 22 You would rather _ talking in class so as not to make your teacher angry A stops B stopping C to stop D stop 23 Toxic chemicals from factories are one of the serious factors that leads wildlife to the _ of extinction A wall B fence C verge D bridge 24 Keep quiet You _ talk so loudly in here Everybody is working A may B must C might D mustn't 25 Tell her that she be here by six I insist on it A may B must C ought to D might 26 They eventually realize that reckless _ of the earth's resources can lead only to eventual global disaster A exploit B exploitable C exploitation D exploitative 27 Chemical wastes from factories are _ that cause serious damage to species habitats A pollutes B pollutants C pollutions D polluters 28 He has refused, but he _ change his mind if you asked him again A might B may C can D must 29 Two parallel white lines in the millde road meant that you _ not overtake A must B might C may D need 30 If an area is _, all the trees there are cut down or destroyed A endangered B deforested C contaminated D polluted Choose the underlined words that need correcting 31 Although (A) species evolve differently, most of them adapt (B) to a specific habitat or environment that (C) best meets their survive (D) needs 32 You needn’t (A) forget to pay the rent (B) tomorrow The landlord is (C) very strict about paying (D) on time 33 Should (A) I have a day (B) off tomorrow? - Of course (C) not We have a lot of things (D) to 34 If tomorrow (A) is (B) sunny, we would (C) go swimming (D) 35.Were (A) she rich (B) , she can (C) travel around the world.(D) Read the passage and choose the best answers World Wildlife Fund (WWF) safeguards hundreds of species around the world, but we focus species attention on our flagship species: giant pandas, tigers, endangered whales and dolphins, rhinos, elephant, marine turtles and great apes These species not only need species measures and extra protection in order to survive, they also serve as “umbrella” species: helping them helps numerous other species that live in the same habitats In addition to our flagship animals, we work to protect numerous species in peril around the world that live within our priority eco-rigions Laree predators like snow leopards and grizzly bears, migratory species like whooping cranes and songbrids, and a host of other species facing threats also benefit from WWF’ s conservation efforts Our wildlife trade experts at “traffic” work to ensure hat trade wildlife products, doesn’t harm a species, while also fighting against illegal and unsustainable trade WWF is known for acting sound science Science leads and guides us strategies and approaches, from the way to restore tigers in viable, breed population to decide which areas need protection the most 36 What does WWF stand for? A World Wildlife Food B World Wildlife Formation C World Wildlife Fund D World Website Fund 37 How many species we pay much attention to? A B C D 38 What is the meaning of the world habitats in pharagraph 1? A The place where animals or plants are normally found B The place where animals or plants can drink and sleep C The place where animals or plants can eat find their enemy D The place where animals can find and keep their body warm 39 What can science help us in safeguarding endangered species? A Find the way to kill all species easily B Lead and guide strategies and approaches C Discover another habitat of animal D Search for a food source for animals 40 Which of the following is not stated in the passage? A WWF safeguards hundreds of species around the world B WWF is known for acting on sound science C these above species need extra protection so as not to be extinct D All species are so fierce that scientists can’t take care of them Read and choose the appropriate option: WHY DO ANIMALS GO EXTINCT? Different kinds of animals have appeared and disappeared throughout Earth’s history Some animals go extinct because the climate (41) _ they live changes The climate may become wetter or drier It may become warmer or cooler If the animals cannot change, or adapt, to the new climate, they die Some animals go extinct because thay cannot (42) _ with other animals for food Some animals go extinct because they are killed by enemies New kinds of animals are always evolving Evolving means that the animals are changing (43) _ from generation to generation Small differences between parents, children, and grandchildren slowly add up over many, many generations Eventually, a different kind of animal evolves Sometimes many of the animals on Earth go extinct at the (44) _ time Scientists call this a mass extinction Scientists think there (45) _ at least five mass extinctions in Earth’s history The last mass extinction happened about 65 million years ago This mass extinction killed off the dinosaurs 41 A where B which C when D what 42 A complete B find C compete D exist 43 A accidentally B suddenly C quickly D slowly 44 A same B similar C different D various 45 A has been B have been C will be D are Choose a, b, c, or d that best fills in the blank 46 I have done this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the answer key _ A The answer in the book should be wrong! B The book needn't have a wrong answer C There is a wrong answer in the book D The answer in the book must be wrong! 47 When I was a child, as we were having dinner, my grandmother always used to say, “ _.” A One must not eat with one's mouth open B You should have eaten with your mouth open C Open your mouth and eating D One needn't open his mouth to eat 48 _ We have still got plenty of food A You should have bought some more to eat B You needn't have gone to the supermarket C We must have bought some more food D May I go to the supermarket? 49 John passed his exam with a distinction _ A He was too lazy to succeed B He can't have studied very hard C He must have studied very hard D He needs studying harder 50 _ We got there far too early A We needn't have hurried B We should hurry up C Hurry up or we will be late D We must have walked hurriedly B WRITING I Use the correct form of the word in brackets to fit each gap It was all about the problems (2) _ (threaten) our environment He was shocked to find out how little he knew about (3) (globe) warming or acid rain A / an _ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct (dangerous) We have to suffer a lot of floods due to our serious of forests ( destroy) Farmers make their soil more productive by distributing _ ( fertile) III Rewrite the sentence in the same meaning: Perhaps Susan know the address (may) Susan It's possible that Joanna didn't receive my message (might) Joanna The report must be on my desk tomorrow (has) The report I managed to finish all my work (able) I It was not necessary for Nancy to clean the flat (didn't) Nancy The best thing for you to is to sit down sit down (better) You UNIT 11: BOOKS I VOCABULARY amazingly -> amaze -> amazed -> amazing -> amazement belong to character -> characteristic chew class describe -> description -> descriptive digest -> digestion -> digestive -> digestible dip distinct -> distinctly -> distinction 10 faithful -> faithfully -> faith -> unfaithful -> unfaithfulness 11 fascinating -> fascinatingly -> fascinated -> fascinate -> fascination 12 journey 13 personality -> personal -> personally -> personalize 14 pick up 15 pleasure -> please -> pleasant -> pleasantly 16 put down 17 reunite -> reunion 18 reviewer -> review 19 swallow (adv) (v) (adj) (adj) (n) (v) (n) (adj) (n) (v) (n) (v) (n) (adj) (v) (n) (adj) (adj) (v) (adj) (adv) (n) (adj) (adv) (n) (adj) (n) (adj) (adv) (adj) (v) (n) (n) (n) (adj) (adv) (v) (v) (n) (v) (adj) (adv) (v) (v) (n) (n) (n) (v) ngạc nhiên gây ngạc nhiên ngạc nhiên đáng ngạc nhiên ngạc nhiên thuộc nhân vật, nét đặc trưng tiêu biểu đặc tính nhai, đọc nghiền ngẫm loại, hạng mơ tả mơ tả, lời mơ tả có tính mơ tả tiêu hóa, đọc suy ngẫm tiêu hóa thuộc tiêu hóa dễ tiêu hóa, dễ hiểu nhúng vào, đọc lướt rõ ràng, phân biệt rõ rõ ràng tương phản, khác biệt trung thành, chung thủy trung thành niềm tin, lòng trung thành phản bội, thiếu trung thành phản bội, hấp dẫn, thu hút hấp dẫn, thu hút bị hấp dẫn, say mê hấp dẫn, thu hút hấp dẫn, say mê hành trình, chuyến tính cách, nhân cách cá nhân, riêng tư với tư cách cá nhân, riêng tư làm riêng cho cá nhân nhặt lên, cầm lên niềm vui, thú vui làm vui lòng vui vẻ, dễ chịu vui vẻ, dễ chịu đặt xuống đoàn tụ, tái hợp đoàn tụ, tái hợp nhà phê bình phê bình, lời phê bình nuốt, đọc ngấu nghiến 20 taste (v) 21 in a word (idiom) II MODALS IN PASSIVE HIỆN TẠI, TƯƠNG LAI ACTIVE: S+ MODALS+ (NOT) + V1+ O nếm, đọc thử tóm lại PASIVE: S+ MODALS+ (NOT) + BE +V3/ED + BY +O QUÁ KHỨ ACTIVE: S+ MODALS+(NOT) + HAVE++ V3/ED+ O PASIVE: S+ MODALS+ (NOT) + HAVE+ BEEN +V3/ED + BY +O E.g: I can use thi computer -> This computer can be used (by me) III EXERCISE A MULTIPLE CHOICE UNIT 11: BOOKS Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest A same B taste C swallow D page A sleep B keep C pleasure D people A too B book C look D good A described B picked C swallowed D informed A words B reviewers C describes D types Choose the word that has the stress pattern different from that of the rest A subject B swallow C story D digest A example B holiday C careful D interest A describe B chapter C wonder D easy A understand B television C improvement D introduce 10 A imaginary B advantageous C information D incredible Choose the most suitable word or phrase (A, B, C or D) to complete each sentence 11 A book may be evaluated by a reader or professional writer to create a book A review B reviewing C reviewer D reviewed 12 Boy, stop reading the book down and go to bed A Take B Put C Set D Pick 13 It is a good book I think it is interesting enough for you to A put down B swallow C look up D understand 14 Those letters now You can the typing later A need typing B needn't be typed C need to type D needn't typing 15 The museum is open to everybody It between 9am and 5pm A visits B visited C can visit D can be visited 16 The train by bad weather I am not sure A might delay B might be delaying C might have delayed D might have been delayed 10 ... trò 20 precision (n) xác -> precise (adj) xác -> precisely (adv) xác 21 present sb with st (v) tặng 22 propose (v) đề nghị, cầu hôn -> proposal (n) lời đề nghị, cầu hôn 23 prove (v) chứng minh 24 ... (n) (v) (n) (v) (n) (v/n) (v) (n) (v) (n) (adj) (n) (adj) (n) 23 referee 24 score 25 sprint 26 synchronized swimming 27 throw 28 tie 29 vertical -> vertical posts -> horizontal 30 water polo II... danger -> dangerous 12 exploitation -> exploit 13 extinction -> extinct 14 fertile 15 generation 16 globe 17 habitat 18 impact -> impact 19 loss 20 overhunting 21 primary 22 rare 23 reserve= preserve