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1 THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY ENGLISH FACULTY GRADUATION THESIS “A Study on translation methods of personal pronouns from English into Vietnamese in the Thorn Birds” Student’s name Chu Thị Thanh Hiền C[.]
THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY ENGLISH FACULTY - - GRADUATION THESIS “A Study on translation methods of personal pronouns from English into Vietnamese in the Thorn Birds” Student’s name:Chu Thị Thanh Hiền Class Student code : K50N7 : 14D170437 Hanoi - 2018 Luan van CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY 1.1 Rationale Nowadays, English is becoming more and more popular in the world People use English as a means to connect between this country among other not only in communication but also in culture, social activities, policy… In Vietnam, English plays an important role in all fields such as: science, technology, aviation, international sport, diplomacy and so on Pronouns are words used to refer to someone or something in context so that we can avoid repetition in the process of communication Personal pronouns are a very important part of the language system Both English and Vietnamese use personal pronouns in the category of politeness However, Vietnamese personal pronouns express the shade of meaning (polite/ impolite) much more clearly than the English ones Vietnamese has a very complicated personal pronouns system, so it is very challenging for English people want to master it Moreover, personal pronouns play an important play in communication, especially in Vietnamese They can reveal the social status or the relationship between the speaker and the listener, in some cases, they can also show the politeness or impoliteness of the speakers There is a change of personal pronoun when translating from English to Vietnamese or vice versa when we want to find the exact equivalence between the two languages, we have to depend on the context, the relationship between the speaker and listener In addition, the factors of sex, age or feeling of the speakers are also very important In English, people prefer to use personal pronouns to replace/ substitute the mentioned noun phrase English use both anaphora and cataphora to refer backwards or afterwards to the noun phrase Meanwhile, Vietnamese tends to use full repetition to refer to the mentioned noun phrase Moreover, there is a case that Vietnamese uses ellipsis as the referred noun is metaphorically understood Cultural factors in Vietnamese can be understood as category of politeness Although both English and Vietnamese refer to the category i Luan van of politeness, but in English, personal pronouns can rarely express the very aspects of the meaning (polite/ impolite) whereas in Vietnamese they contrast very well In reality have many problems like that, but until now, still not have any specific research on that issue Even if it had some researched, but it was not depth and direct Therefore “A study on translation methods of personal pronouns from English into Vietnamese in the Thorn Birds” is chosen for my graduation paper 1.2 Previous studies Until now, many authors have mentioned the topic of personal pronouns, however, there has not been an agreement on the concepts of personal pronouns In the world and in Vietnam, there has been major achievement in the studies of personal pronouns In 1988, Thai Duy Bao in Constrative analysis of etiquette in English-Vietnamese dialogue mentioned personal pronouns (PP) and nouns of address in English The author wrote: “In English conversation, the use of PP is compulsory and traditional such as PP “I”, “We” or the first-person pronoun, interlocutor (the addressor) and PP “you” for second-person, who is participant (addressee) The personal pronouns appeared in all communication and social relationships despite differences in social positions, ages and intimacy level between speakers In other words, it reflects relationships between communication partners, between interlocutor and addressee…” [5, tr 45-46] In addition, the author also mentioned types of address in English which reflect position but not politeness, and not affected by different shades of communication in different situations… Generally speaking, there have been many studies and articles about personal pronouns in English or comparison between English and Russian, Sino, Swiss, Japanese, South African or Vietnamese… but no articles have mentioned the translation methods of personal pronouns in the novel “Thorn Birds” In Vietnamese, personal pronouns were first studied by Alexandre De Rodhes in his Dictionary of Vietnamese- Portuguese- Latin, in 1651, he mentions personal pronouns, as well as the nouns indicating kinship with addressing functions such as ii Luan van ông, bà, chú, bác, cậu… However, in this Dictionary, these personal pronouns were not complete and did not reflect all terms used in real life In 1884, Trương Vĩnh Kỳ spent 30 pages in his book Grammare de langueannamite to describe personal pronouns Nguyễn Văn Chiến had articles about Locality of kinship nouns in Vietnamses, Address terms in Vietnamese In Semantics of conversational lines and pragmatics textbook [59, tr191-197], Đỗ Thị Kim Liên mentioned relevant issues of personal pronouns in conversation or in communication between communication participants such as pairs of interactive personal pronouns in asking and answering; the development ans conversion of personal pronouns with the content of conversation; the development in psychology and emotion of characters which influence the usage In addition we must also mention articles about personal pronouns by Bùi Minh Yến in ther doctoral thesis “Addressing in family and society of Vietnamese “[119] The doctoral thesis “Address terms originating from kinship nouns in Vietnamese” surveyed, described and analyzed carefully, completely and comprehensively about all kinship nouns used to address in communication [31] In 2012, Trương Thị Diêm wrote about “Address terms originating from kinship nouns in Catholic community of Vietnamese” [32] In 2012, Trương Thị Minh Phương wrote about Address terms of Vietnamese emphasized some basic characteristics in the use of layers of personal pronouns in Vietnamese and some practical applications in communication In 2014, La Thị Thanh Mai in her doctoral thesis Addressing characteristics of Korean and Vietnamese discussed similarities and differences in address terms in family and society contexts between Koreans and Vietnamese Further, I would like to mention the study of Truong Thi Bich Ngoc- a student of Hai Phong Private University, she studied on personal pronouns in English and Vietnamese In that research, She provided the definitions of pronouns, kinds of pronouns and their uses, found and discussed some difficulties in using personal pronouns and then gave them some suggestions Methods of her study are: Consulting grammar books and web pages for definitions and concepts of iii Luan van pronouns, especially personal pronouns, analyzing data and giving a lot of examples to make the study more understandable, discussing and analyzing more common factors effecting on translation Scope of the study including: the definition of pronouns, the classification of pronouns, the use of pronouns, especially personal pronouns, some difficulties and factors effecting on translation of learners while using personal pronouns But she did not mention about translation methods and what kind of methods using commonly Additional, I read the study of Phan Anh in English- Vietnamese comparative linguistic in 2011 He studied on “subjective and objective personal pronouns in English and Vietnamese” In that essay, he had compared and contrasted the way people address the other through personal pronouns, in order to examine what would be the problems for both Vietnamese and English learners concerned with these pronouns In his research, he had taken properly comparative between two languages Same as that issue, Huynh Ngoc Thanh had studied on personal pronouns in English and Vietnamese But he just only made the research on personal pronouns in English and Vietnamese, gave some example to help reader clearly He did not make properly on comparative The next is the research of Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc- a student of University of social sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University She studied on “personal pronouns in English, German and their equivalents in Vietnamese” In this thesis, she had described and analyzed the use of personal pronouns in English, German in specific communication situations, also compare with personal pronouns in Vietnamese to find out the similarities and differences in these language Research subjects are personal pronouns in English, German and equivalents in Vietnamese That research focuses on the use of personal pronouns based on material from English and German novels that have been translated into Vietnamese Most of them are ancient stories and dialogues in these languages On the side of research methodology, he uses descriptive and analytical methods, comparative method and statistical method iv Luan van Another research had done by Vu Ngoc Anh- Student of social sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University She studied on “personal pronouns on the literatures of Nam Cao” Because Nam Cao have many literatures, therefore, she had selected some of them for documents of studies such as: “Nghèo”, “Chi phèo”, “ Lão Hạc” and “Những chuyện không muốn viết” She succeeds in classifying the personal pronoun system in the works that she already selected Based on his literatures, she used statistical and classify methods to divided personal pronouns And then she summary that there are 49 personal pronouns with 1457 times appearance in four literatures: First- person pronouns appearance 317 times rank 21.77% Second- person pronouns appearance 133 times rank 9.13% Third-person pronouns appearance 1006 rank 69.15% Besides that, she found out exactly how many time each of personal pronouns appearance in each literal Then she made a comparative about that Insight of that research, she made it properly But outsight of them, she did not compare with other language It did not mention with the cultural of the nation Having a look at studies about personal pronouns in English and Vietnamese, we see that no studies mentioned the comparison of personal pronouns in communication between English and its Vietnamese translation, with the analysis into a specific novel, therefore, we chose this topic: “Study on translation methods of personal pronouns from English into Vietnamese in the Thorn Birds” and its Vietnamese “Tiếng chim hót bụi mận gai” translation 1.3 Aims of the study My study is aimed to provide learners with the definition of translation, pronouns and personal pronouns Further, we would like to give full content of personal pronouns system both in English and Vietnamese The main tasks are statistical and classify translation methods of personal pronouns from English into Vietnamese in the Thorn Birds Find out which method is most commonly used and after that give some proposals v Luan van 1.4 Research subjects In this thesis, we choose to investigate translation methods of personal pronouns used in Colleen Mc Culough’s Thorn Birds published by arrangement with Harper and Row, publishers, Inc During that thesis, we will choose all of personal pronouns used to vocative between characters to analysis and research, in order to find out which is effective way to translate the personal pronouns from English into Vietnamese The results of the research can be applied in teaching foreign languages in general, and in teaching English in particular 1.5 Scope of the study Basically, the personal pronouns are used throughout the novel, so I only select some typical chapters for in-depth and specific analysis We will select chapters for depth research Thorn Birds was famous novel of Australian writer- Colleen Mc Culough published in 1977 That novel was translated into Vietnamese by some authors such as … In this thesis, we selected the translation of by Phạm Mạnh Hùng translator (published in 2011 by literary publisher) 1.6 Research methodology 1.6.1 Listing and classification We listed the number of personal pronouns including the first personal pronouns, the second personal pronouns and the third personal pronouns and expressions of personal pronouns in character’s talk in specific context and classified them into groups and subgroups to draw general observation 1.6.2 Discourse analysis On the basis of personal pronouns collected using discourse analysis, we described the equivalence between the original and translation in terms of semantics, context, reference system of personal pronouns, communication target and etc In addition, we analyzed and explained the relationship between language and psychology, culture, society to describe characteristics and translation methods of personal pronouns in character’s conversations in the English original and the Vietnamese translation vi Luan van 1.6.3 Comparison method We compared characteristics and use of personal pronouns, which are suitable with communication role, context and functions of personal pronouns used in the translation from the English original into Vietnamese translation We did this in order to find similarities and differences in the use of personal pronouns between these two languages 1.7 Organization of the study This report is organized in three parts: The first part is consisting of Abstract, acknowledgements, table of contents, list of abbreviations, list of tables and figures The second part is the main study designed in chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of the study includes: Rationale, previous studies, aims of the study, research subjects, scope of study, research methodology, organization of the study Chapter 2: Literature review Chapter 3: Research findings Chapter 4: Recommendations and suggestions The third part is CONCLUSION which provides overcoming and summary of the report, Strengths and weakness of the report and Final comment CHAPTER 2: LITERATURAL REVIEW 2.1 Theoretical of translation 2.1.1 The essence of translation vii Luan van The essence of translation is to understand the exact meaning of a text in one language and convey it accurately in another The final result will be genuine content, not the mere shadow of an original one 2.1.2 The definition of translation Translation has existed in every corner of our life It is considered as an indispensable part in the field of not only literature, culture and religion but also commercial advertisement, popular entertainment, public administration immigration and education… Thus, definitions of translation are numerous, and a great numbers of books and articles have written about this subject Translation is an operation performed on language It is an across the board skill which helps to improve student’s language proficiently in the process of translation, a text in another Thus, it is the important means of communication between people is deferent language Since then, it can attract the attention of many linguistics researchers and translation theorists, so what is translation? There are many definitions around this Often, though not by any means always, it is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text Through translation is no longer a strange terminology in daily life, there is hardly any agreement on the definition of it A great number of books and articles have been written about this debatable subject The following are some typical definitions that are basic theoretical background for this study As started by the definition on the website: “Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source- language text by means of an equivalent target- language text” (as wikipedia) This definition is so long and only show that translation is the interpreting of the meaning and the subsequent production of two texts One other definition is made by the translator: viii Luan van “Translation can be generally defined as the action of interpretation of the meaning of a text, and production of an equivalent text that communicates the same message in another language” (By Roger T Bell) He also adds that: “Translation is the expression in another language (target language) of what has been expressed in one language (source language), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalence (By Roger T Bell) Roger’s two definitions are the specific written about translation which indicate translation is the transferring both the form and the meaning from one language to other in equivalence We continuously consider one definition of Catford: “Translation is the replacement of a text in one language (Source language) by an equivalent text in another language (target language)” (Catford: 1988) This is the general definition about translation because it is only the replacement one language by an equivalent another language Although these definitions are different in expression, they share common features that they all emphasize the importance finding the closest equivalence in meaning by the choice of appropriate target language’s lexical and grammatical structures Some sorts of movement from one language to another also insist on the different methods of translation which will be taken into consideration in the next part According to Toury, he said that “Translation is a kind of activity, which inveterately involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions” (1978:p200) Besides that, as E.A.Nida said “Translation consists of producing in the target language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, firstly with respect to meaning and secondly with respect to style” (1959) On other view, he ix Luan van ... including the first personal pronouns, the second personal pronouns and the third personal pronouns and expressions of personal pronouns in character’s talk in specific context and classified them into. .. Luan van and second personal pronouns are inevitably of personal rather than nonpersonal gender (Quirk et al 1985, p.341) 2.2.4 Personal pronouns in Vietnamese The system of Vietnamese personal. .. characteristics and translation methods of personal pronouns in character’s conversations in the English original and the Vietnamese translation vi Luan van 1.6.3 Comparison method We compared