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VAN DE MOI TRUING TAI CAC KHU KINH TE CLTA KHAU BIEN GICII VIET TRUNG TRAN THI TUYfiT* I DAT VAN D^ Khu kinh te cira khau (KKTCK) la mdt khdng gian kinh te'''' xac dinh, gdn vdi cua khau qud''''c te hay cir[.]
VAN DE MOI TRUING TAI CAC KHU KINH TE CLTA KHAU BIEN GICII VIET - TRUNG TRAN THI TUYfiT* I DAT VAN D^ Khu kinh te cira khau (KKTCK) la mdt khdng gian kinh te' xac dinh, gdn vdi cua khau qud'c te hay cira khau chfnh ciia qud'c gia, cd dan eu sinh sd'ng va dugc dp dung nhiing ca che', chinh sach phat trien dac thti, phu hgp vdi dac diem timg dia phuang sd tai nham mang lai hieu qua kinh te' - xa hdi eao nhat dua tren viec quy hoach, khai tbac, sir dung, phat trien ben viing cac ngudn luc, Chfnh phii hoac Thii tudng quyei dinh lap Hoat ddng kinh te' cira khdu chii ye'u la giao thuang hang boa va du lich qua ciia khau dai lien giiia nudc ta va nudc ban (cd the den ca nudc thii: ba, thii tu) Chiu tac ddng manh cua cac khu kinh te', cac viing kinh te' ciing nhu cac chfnh sach bien mau va ngoai nudc Ngudn bang hda, dich vu tai chd hay tir noi khac de'n cd vai trd rat quan trgng de dam bao hoat ddng va van hanh hieu qua Ddng thdi qua trinh boat ddng ciia minh, cac chfnh sach quan ly dieu hanh lien quan den rat nhieu cdc thdng le quy luat chung ciia qud'c te', va'n de chil quydn va an ninh bien gidi, cac hiep dinh thda thuan chung giiia cac nudc cd chung dudng bien gidi, Vi vay, ttiy dieu kien ttrng noi, trinh quan ly, quy md phdt trien se hinh cac md hinh kinh te' cira khau khac Mdi md hinh se irng vdi mdt giai doan phat trien rieng biet theo xu hudng phat trien tir dd'i iing sang dd'i trgng, ttr the' bi ddng sang chii ddng cho phat huy hei cac lgi the canh tranh tinh va ddng cua qud'c gia qua trinh hdi nhap va phat trien Trong bdi canh hdi nhap qud'c te nhu hien nay, viec Chfnh phii danh nhieu uu tien cho viec phat trien cac vimg kinh te' la vd cting cdn thiei Vting bien gidi Viet - Trung la dia ban chie'n lugc dac biet quan trgng ve kinh te'xa hdi, qud'c phdng, an ninh va dd'i ngoai ciia ca nudc; cd tiem nang lgi the ve ndng, lam IQ nghiep, khoang san, du lich, kinh te' cua khdu va kinh te' bien; la viing cd nhieu dan tdc vdi ban sde van hda rieng; cd md'i quan he mat thiei vdi Thii dd Ha Ndi, vdi viing kinh te trgng diem Bdc Bd thdng qua he thd'ng hanh lang kinh te' - ky thuat - dd thi quan trgng va vdi cac tinh phfa Nam, Ddng Nam Trung Qud'c qua he thd'ng cac cira khau nhu Lang Som, Lao Cai, Mdng Cai Cimg vdi cac chinh sach uu tien cua Chfnh phu, nhiing nam qua, cac KKTCK da dat dugc nhieu tuu dang ke phat trien kinh te'-xa hdi, dam bao an ninh qude phdng va budc dau tao siic bat kinh te' d dia phucmg Tuy nhien, nhiing kei qua nhin chung vdn cdn qua nhd be so vdi tiem nang hien cd, nhieu KKTCK cdn chua dau tu va sir dung hgp ly cac ngudn luc va viec quan ly KKTCK cdn the hien nhieu bai cap cho phat trien Dac biet, quan ly tai nguyen va mdi trudng, va'n de d nhidm mdi trudng dang didn bie'n kha phiic tap Su gia tang ve d nhidm khdng khi, mdi trudmg nudc, chat thai rdn va cac bieu hien suy thoai ve da dang sinh hgc da gay anh hudng tdi siic khde ngudi dan va tac ddng xa'u tdi su phat trien ben vung cua dia phuang va khu vuc Van dd dat hien la lam the' nao de quan ly, khai tbac cd hieu qua va ben vting tai cac KKTCK, de cac tiem nang trd mdt ddng luc va ddn bay thiic day su phat trien kinh te' xa hdi va an ninh qud'c phdng d vimg bien Dac biet, trd cdng cu quan trgng gdp phan xda ddi giam ngheo va giam chenh lech giiia cac vting ca nudc va giiia cac dan tdc Bai viet chi nham dua mdt so giai phap khde phue tinh trang d nhidm mdi trudng * Tran Thi Tuyet Ths., Vien Nghien ciiu Mdi trudng va Phat trien bin vOng Tran Thj Tuyet - Van de mdi trifdng tai cac khu kinh te cda khau tai cac KKTCK tren ca sd tdng quan cac ca sd phap ly ve bao ve mdi trudmg tai cac lanh thd kinh te' dac biet va danh gia mdt so van de ve d nhidm mdi trudng tai cac KKTCK bien gidi Viet - Trung n TONG QUAN CAC QUY DINH PHAP L t vt BAO Vfi MOI TRUING TAI CAC KHU KINH Tfe' CUA KHAU Cdng tac bao ve mdi trudmg cac khu kinh te' ndi chung va KKTCK ndi rieng, da dugc quan tam chii trgng ttr giai doan dau lap va thudng xuyen dugc dieu chinh, cho phii hgp vdi timg giai doan phat trien ciia ddt nudc Chinh phu phan chia rd trach nhiem dd'i vdi ttmg Bd, nganh va dia phuang viec phdi hgp nhdm phat huy hieu qua cac tiem nang de phat trien ben virng Cac quy dinh dugc Nha nudc cu the hda bdng he thd'ng cac van ban phap luat, nhu: Luat bao ve mdi trudng 2005 ciia Viet Nam, da quy dinh: Dd'i vdi cac khu san xuat, kinh doanh, dich vu tap trung cdn quy hoach, bd trf cac khu chirc nang, loai hinh boat ddng phai gdn vdi bao ve mdi trudng; Thuc hien ddy dii, diing cac ndi dung ciia bao cao danh gia tac ddng mdi trudng da dugc phe duyet; Cd he thdng thu gom va xir ly nudc thai tap trung, he thd'ng xir ly thai dat tieu chuan mdi trudng va dugc van hanh thudng xuyen; Dap ling cac yeu cdu ve canh quan mdi trudng, bao ve sire khoe cdng ddng va ngudi lao ddng; Cd he thd'ng quan trdc mdi trudng; Cd bd phan chuyen mdn du nang luc de thuc hien nhiem vu bao ve mdi trudng Uy ban nhan dan cap tinh cd trach nhiem phdi hgp vdi Bd, CO quan ngang bd, co quan thudc Chfnh phu cd lien quan de chi dao, td chiic viec thuc hien bao ve mdi trudng dd'i vdi khu san xudt, kinh doanh, dich vu tap trung tren dia ban quan ly ciia minh' Tren ca sd Luat Bao ve mdi trudng, Chfnh phii va cac Bd, nganh da ban hanh cac Nghi dinh, Thdng tu hudng ddn thi hanh Luat Bao ve mdi trudmg qua trinh quan ly phat trien cac khu kinh te, nhu: - Nghi dinh sd 92/2006/ND-CP 0709-2006 cua Chfnh phii ve lap, phe duyet va Nqhien ciru Phat trien ben vdnq so (30) - Thanq 3/2011 quan ly quy hoach tdng the phat trien kinh te' xa hdi Nghi dinh sd 04/2008/ND-CP 11 thang 01 nam 2008 sira ddi, bd sung mdt sd dieu cua Nghi dinh sd 92/2006/ND-CP 07-09-2006 Cac Nghi dinh nay, quy dinh phan ca'p trach nhiem dd'i vdi tumg Bd, ban nganh va dia phuang cdng tac thuc hien quy hoach Trong dd, luan chiing muc tieu phat trien (gdm ca muc tieu tdng quat va muc tieu cu the), phai dam bao phat trien hai hda ca muc tieu: kinh te, xa hdi, mdi trudng va an ninh qud'c phdng Dd'i vdi muc tieu mdi trudmg: bao dam cac yeu cau ve mdi trudng sach va giam miic d nhidm mdi trudng^ Luan chiing bao ve mdi trudng; xac dinh nhumg khu dang bi d nhidm trdm trgng, nhiing khu vuc nhay cam vd mdi trudng va de xudt giai phap thfch iing de bao ve hoac sir dung cac khu vuc Ngoai ra, theo Nghi dinh 29/2008/ND-CP 14-3-2008 ciia Chfnh phii quy dinh khu cdng nghiep, khu che' xuai va khu kinh te, da quy dinh phan cap quan ly nha nudc dd'i vdi khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh te' va khu che' xudt d cac linh vuc khac Trong dd, ITnh vuc bao ve mdi trudng quy dinh quyen ban, trach nhiem quan ly nha nudc cua Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng, nhu sau': Ban hanh Quy che' quan ly va bao ve mdi trudng khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh te Hudng ddn viec thu phf bao ve mdi trudng khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh te Hudng ddn Ban Quan ly thuc hien mdt sd nhiem vu quan ly nha nudc ve tai nguyen va mdi trudng khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh te' theo quy dinh ciia phap luat ve bao ve mdi trudng Luat Bao ve mdi trudng 2005, Chuang V, Diiu 36 Nghi dinh sd 92/2006/ND-CP 07-092006 ve lap, phe duyet va quan ly quy hoach tdng the phat trien kinh te -xa hdi, Chuang H, Muc 1, Diiu 12 Nghi dinh 29/2008/ND-CP 14 thang 03 nam 2008 ciia Chfnh phu quy dinh khu cdng nghiep, khu ehe xuai va khu kinh te Chuang IV, diiu 29 m Tran Thi Tuyet - Van de mdi trudng tai cac khu kinh tecCra khau Tren co sd trach nhiem ciia minh, Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng da ban hanh cac quy che, cac van ban hudng ddn thuc thi hieu qua quan ly nha nudc ve tai nguyen va mdi trudng khu kinh te' theo quy dinh ciia phap luat Gdn day nhat, Bd da ban hanh Thdng tu sd 08/2009AT-BIT^MT 08-12-2009, tren CO sd Luat bao ve mdi trudng 29-112005; Nghi dinh sd 29/2008/ND-CP 143-2008 cua Chfnh phii; Nghi dinh sd 80/2006/ ND-CP 09-8-2006 ciia Chinh phii; Nghi dinh sd 21/2008/ND-CP 28-02-2008 cua Chfnh phii; Nghi dinh sd 25/2008/ND-CP 04-3-2008 ciia Chfnh phii, quy dinh quan ly bao ve mdi trudng khu kinh te, khu cdng nghe cao, khu cdng nghiep va cum cdng nghiep Thdng tu phan cap trach nhiem cua cac Bd, nganh lien quan cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng Theo dd, cac Bd, nganh cdn phdi hgp vdi Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng chi dao, hudng ddn kidm tra viec thuc hien phap luat ve bao ve mdi trudng dd'i vdi khu kinh te' thudc pham vi quan ly cua minh Trach nhiem ciia iiy ban nhan dan cap tinh la ban hanh cac quy che phdi hgp giira Ban quan ly vdi cac ca quan chuyen mdn ciia iiy ban nhan dan cdc cap tinh vd quan ly va bao ve mdi trudng tai cac khu kinh te' tren dia ban Dd'i vdi Sd Tai nguyen va mdi trudng cac tinh cd trach nhiem phdi hgp vdi Ban quan ly kiem tra, giam sat thuc hien cac quy dinh bao ve mdi trudng; giai quyei cac tranh chap, khie'u nai, td cao ve bao ve mdi trudng pham vi quyen ban dugc giao; giam sat viec thuc hien cdng khai thdng tin, dir lieu mdi trudng khu kinh te va thdm dinh cac ban ke khai, thdng bao va td chirc thu phf bao ve mdi trudng ciia cac doanh nghiep Dac biet Ban quan ly KKTCK thuc hien viec quan ly tap trung thd'ng nhai dd'i vdi KKTCK; la td chiic chiu trach nhiem true tiep ve bao ve mdi trudng khu theo su iiy quyen ciia co quan nha nudc cd tham quyen; thuc hien viec xay dung va phat trien KKTCK theo quy hoach, ke hoach, tie'n da dugc co quan Nha nudc cd thdm quyen phe duyet; cd trach nhiem kidm tra, giam sat, bao cao dinh ky hang nam theo diing quy dinh ciia phap luat Nhin chung, he thd'ng cac van ban phap ly cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng tai cac khu kinh te' ndi chung va khu kinh te cira khdu ndi rieng da timg budc dugc hoan thien va cu the hda phti hgp vdi cac giai doan phat trien khac ciia dai nudc va vdi tie'n trinh hdi nhap qud'c te m M O T S O VAN D £ M O I TRUCING TAI CAC KHU KINH TE CllA KHAU BIEN GlOl VIET - TRUNG Va'n de mdi trudng biic xiic nhai tai cac KKTCK hien la va'n de d nhidm nudc thai, d nhidm bui va chai thai rdn He thd'ng CO sd tdng khdng theo kip va bai cap so vdi td'c phat trien kinh te' - xa hdi, da ddn den su qua tai viec dap iing cac yeu cdu xir ly chai thai He thd'ng xir ly nudc thai chua dugc chii trgng dau tu Nudc thai khu vuc chii ye'u la tu chay va thdm thau xud'ng dat, gay d nhidm mdi trudng nudc va dai Dac biet la d nhidm mdi trudng nudc tren cac sdng, sudi la ngudn cung cap nudc cho sinh boat va san xuai, ddn de'n chai lugng cap nudc tai khu vuc khdng dam bao, ham lugng cac chai ban cd nudc sinh boat tang len Xu the' nhidm bdn tai nguyen nudc se cang tang cting vdi sir phat tridn kinh te' xa hdi d khu vuc bien gidi, ne'u khdng cd cac bien phap can thiep kip thdi se anh hudng tdi sire khde ciia cdng ddng va lam suy thoai da dang sinh hgc Theo cac kei qua quan trdc tai diem KKTCK Mdng Cai cho thay: mdi trudng chat lugng nudc tai Mdng Cai da cd bidu hien nhidm ban, phd bie'n la nhidm ban bdi ham lugng ddu md, NH/, BOD5, COD, Pb"-, Cu^' dd'i vdi ngudn nudc mat Ngudn nudc ngdm da cd da'u hieu nhidm ban bdi cac hgp chai hiru CO Ham lugng BOD5 vugt Tieu chuan loai A, dac biet la ham lugng Coliform vugt Tieu chuan cho phep hang chuc ldn Tai KKTCK Ddng Dang, Lang Som hdu hei cac sd lieu quan trdc ddu ndm gidi ban cho phep theo tieu chudn TCVN 5942-1995 dd'i Nqhien cdu Phcit trien ben vdnq so (30) - Thanq 3/2011 Tran Thi Tuyet - Van de mdi trifdng tai cac khu kinh te cda khau vdi ngudn nudc mat loai B Mdt sd chi tieu phan tfch d mdt sd khu vuc sudi, nudc thai da cd bieu hien nhidm ban, phd bien la nhidm bdn bdi ham lugng Nita, chai hiiu co va Coliform KKTCK Lao Cai da bi d nhidm chai hiiu ca, cac mdu quan trdc (nam 2008) ddu vugt gidi ban cho phep dd'i vdi Tieu chuan loai B tren ldn Mdt ngudn gay d nhidm tiem tang, cd kha nang tac ddng manh tdi siic khde ngudi dan la chai thai rdn Hdu hei, chai thai rdn (CTR) tai cac KKTCK chua dugc phan loai tai ngudn, tai ca cac loai CTR deu dugc thu gom chung theo CTR sinh boat Tuy nhien, nang lue thu gom tha'p chi dat 40-50% va cdng nghe xir ly khdng dung ky thuat ve sinh, nhai la dd'i vdi chat thai y te vdn chua dugc thu gom va xir ly rieng Chai thai cdng nghiep dugc dd thai chung vdi CTR sinh boat Hien nay, cac bai rac dang gay d nhidm nghiem trgng cho cac khu vuc xung quanh, anh hudng tdi siic khde ciia cdng ddng, lam d nhidm ngudn nudc va gay mat canh quan mdi trudng Ngoai cac ngudn gay d nhidm ndi dia, mdt ngudn gay d nhidm nghiem trgng khac la ttr cac nudc lang gidng ben bien gidi Dac biet, tai cac KKTCK phfa bdc giap Trung Qud'c, dang cd td'c tang trudng kinh te' cao, ngudn phat sinh chai thai ldn Chat thai ciia cac nudc hdu hei khdng dugc xir ly, chay thdng xud'ng cac ddng sdng chay vd phfa nudc ta, gay d nhidm nang ngudn nudc, mai canh quan sinh thai va lam suy giam da dang sinh hgc thiiy sinh Didn hinh nhu KKTCK Mdng Cai va Ddng Hung chi each cd mdt sdng Ka Long, ncri cung ca'p ngudn nudc chinh cho nha may nudc ciia phd Mdng Cai, nhung chai lugng nudc khdng dn dinh, nudc thai sinh boat tir khu dan cu cd chiia chai can ba, cae chai la lirng (SS), cac chai hiru CO (BOD5, COD) cac chai dinh dudng va vi sinh tir phia Trung Qud'c va tir phfa Viet Nam da thai true tiep ddng sdng Chi tinh rieng tir phfa Ddng Hung, Trung Qud'c, dge theo tuye'n sdng dai khoang km da quan sat tha'y hang tram diem nudc thai va rac thai Mat khac, quan ly chua chat che va trinh phat tridn kinh te' tha'p, chiing ta chua kiem soat dugc hoan toan tinh trang budn lau, thuc te' da cd su du nhap vao Viet Nam nhidu chat thai nguy hai, cac hda chai gay nguy hai, cac sinh vat la va thuc pham nhidm hda chai nguy hai Mdt loai d nhidm dang gia tang tai cac KKTCK la d nhidm khdng khf, dac biet la d nhidm bui he thd'ng co sd tang giao thdng qua xud'ng ca'p, khdng thudng xuyen dugc tu sira va td'c xay dung dang gia tang da lam cho ham lugng bui tang cao tai cac diem quan trdc Kei qua quan trdc tai KKTCK Ddng Dang cho tha'y: Ndng cdc chai CO, SO2, NO2 ddu tha'p ban gia tri cho phep tren ldn Bui la thdng sd cd gia tri xa'p xi va vugt Tieu chuan cho phep khdng xung quanh tai KKTCK Ddng Dang va phu can nam 2008 Gia tri trung binh gid ciia ndng bui la lirng trung binh d cac diem quan trdc dao ddng tir 0,126 - 0,443 mg/m\ trung binh la 0,285 mg/m\ Ndng trung binh cao nhat la 0,443 mg/m' tai diem quan trdc A6 (khu vuc xa Hdng Phong) vugt tieu chudn cho phep 1,48 ldn Ndng bui trung binh thap nhai la 0,126 mg/m' tai diem A5 (khu vuc nga thi tra'n Cao Ldc) thap ban tieu chuan cho phep 2,4 ldn Kei qua quan trdc tai KKTCK Lao Cai, cho tha'y: hdu het cac ehi tieu quan trdc ddu nam gidi ban cho phep, chi cd ham lugng bui la vugt tieu chuan cho phep tir den lan dd'i vdi tieu chuan loai A Nhiing didm quan trdc cd ham lugng bui cao thudng ndm d khu vuc dudng giao thdng, noi cd luu lugng xe van tai hang hda ldn va ddng diic Trong so, cac KKTCK thi ndng bui tai KKTCK Mdng Cai, Quang Ninh dang cd xu hudng giam, cac tuye'n dudng tai cac khu cira khau va khu cdng nghiep dugc ve sinh sach se, cac xe container van chuyen vdi td'c tha'p va rac thudng xuyen dugc thu gom nen han che' phat sinh bui va ddc Do phd Mdng Cai da td chiic tuyen truyen van ddng toan dan thuc hien tdt cac bien phap bao ve mdi trudng kei hgp vdi cac bien phap giao due va xir phat hanh chfnh Nqhien ciru Phat trien ben vifnq so (30) - Thanq 3/2011 m Tran Thj Tuyet - Van de mdi trifdng tai cac khu kinh te'ciia khau Tdm lai, qua trinh dd thi boa va xay dung d cac KKTCK phdn ldn la mdt qua trinh tu phat; chi mdt phdn nhd dugc phat tridn theo quy hoach nhiing nam gan day Co sd tang ky thuat mdi trudng dd thi (dudng xa, he thd'ng ca'p thoat nudc, he thd'ng ky thiiat quan ly chai thai rdn, nha ve sinh cdng cdng, cay xanh, nghia dia, ) vira thie'u lai vua ye'u, phat trien manh miin, chdp va, khdng ddng bd va khdng theo kip qua trinh dd thi hda, dd tinh hinh mdi trudng tai cac khu dd thi va khu dan cu tap trung cd the ndi la hei siic ye'u kem, nhidu khu vuc bi d nhidm nghiem trgng IV CAC GLii PHAP BAO Vfi MOI TRUING KHU KINH TE CUA KHAU BifiN Gidl VIET - TRUNG Trong ke' hoach phat trien kinh te' xa hdi ciia qud'c gia ndi chung va cac tinh, cd KKTCK ndi rieng, cac KKTCK se la cac trung tam thuong mai, dich vu, du lich, cdng nghiep ciia viing trung du va mien mii phfa Bdc, la ddu md'i giao thucmg lien vung, qud'c te' va giao thdng quan trgng ciia hanh lang kinh te' Lang San - Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng Quang Ninh va vanh dai kinh te' Bdc Bd, cd vi trf quan trgng vd an ninh qud'c phdng ciia qud'c gia Vi vay, can thiei phai xay dung cac bien phap quan ly bao ve mdi trudng va sir dung hgp ly cac ngudn tai nguyen tai cac khu kinh te' cira khau Trong giai doan hien nay, cac KKTCK cdn chii trgng xem xet va gidi quyei mdt sd va'n dd uu tien sau: 4.1 Tdng cudng cdng tdc tuyen truyen Tang cudng cdng tac truydn thdng giao due, nang cao nhan thirc va trach nhiem vd quan ly tai nguyen va bao ve mdi trudng dd'i vdi chfnh quydn cac cap, cac nganh, cho mgi td chiic ca nhan Ldng ghep cac yeu cau bao ve mdi trudng vao cac boat ddng cua cac ban, nganh ttr khau quy hoach, lap ke' hoach va dd cac giai phap thuc hien Phd bien cac van ban quy pham phap luat ve bao ve mdi trudng tren cac phucmg tien thdng tin dai chiing Ky kei chuang trinh phdi hgp hanh ddng bao ve mdi trudng vdi cac td chiic doan thd tren dia ban cac huyen, phd va van ddng nhan dan tham gia xay dung va thuc hien cac quy udc, cam kei ve tu quan ve sinh mdi trudng va bao ve mdi trudng, bao ve cac cdng trinh ve sinh mdi trudng Xay dung va nhan rdng cac dien hinh dan cu tu quan lam ve sinh mdi trudng, day manh xa hdi hda cdng tac mdi trudmg Lua chgn cdng nghe sach thdng qua viec quy dinh cac doanh nghiep dang ki kinh doanh phai tuan thii cac quy dinh vd nhap khau cdng nghe, thiei bi theo cac tieu chuan va he sd tieu hao nang lugng, he sd thai, cung la cac giai phap dang quan tam Mud'n thuc hien dugc didu dd, phai cd su hd trg va hudng ddn ttr cac ca quan quan li cac cdp thdng qua viec xay dung chfnh sach ve tai chfnh, khuyen khfch midm giam hoac cho vay vd'n uu dai vdi viec nhap thiei bi va cdng nghe xu ly chai thai, dac biet uu tieu cho cac KKTCK 4.2 Ndng cao ndng life qudn ly nhd nudc vi bdo ve mdi trudng - Ndng cao trinh ngudn nhdn life: tang cudng cdng tac dao tao nang cao trinh chuyen mdn, nghiep vu vd quan ly mdi trudng cho ddi ngu can bd lam cdng tac quan ly mdi trudng, nhai la dd'i vdi ddi ngii can bd ngudi dan tdc lam cdng tac quan ly tai cac viing sau viing xa, viing bien gidi - Tdng cudng cdng tdc tra, kiem tra, gidm sdt: quy dinh va dp dung cac che' tai can thiei de xir ly nghiem cac vi pham phap luat vd bao ve mdi trudng Xay dung, ban hanh quy dinh giai quyei bdi thudng thiet hai vd mdi trudng Hoan thien co che' tu giam sat, quan trdc, bao cao dinh ky chdt lugng mdi trudng cua cac ca sd san xuat va dich vu - Ndng cao ndng life, tdng cudng ca sd vdt chd't ky thugt cac boat ddng giam sat chai lugng mdi trudng Tang cudng he thd'ng quan trdc chat lugng mdi trudng khdng khf, nudc mat, nudc ngdm; cac phuang tien phan tfch mdi trudng phue vu yeu cau nghien ciiu, du bao va quyei dinh - Nghien cdu dp dung cdc cdng cu qudn ly nen bd, dua tin hgc vao cdng tac quan ly mdi trudmg Tirng budc thiei lap ca sd du lieu vd Nqhien cdu Phat trien ben vifnq so (30) - Thanq 3/2011 Tran Thi Tuyet - Van de mdi trifdng tai cac khu kinh te cda khau mdi trudng cac KKTCK Timg budc cung cSip thdng tin rdng rai vd chat lugng mdi trudng den cdng ddng - Kiem sodt chat che chd't luang hdng hda luu thdng tren dia ban, dac biet la cac hang hda ndm danh muc ca'm cua qud'c gia, dd cd cac loai ddng vat quy hiem, cac loai thien dich cua sau benh, cac loai thud'c trtr sau, hda chai, - Phdng ngiia vd khac phue sif cd mdi trudng: Xay dung cac quy dinh, quy che' ve bao ve tai nguyen thien nhien va ve sinh mdi trudng khu kinh te' cita khdu Dac biet la cac khu vuc trung tam, cang Van Gia va khu vuc Tra cd Nhiing viing rai nhay cam ve mdi trudng hoac cd gia tri kinh te' xa hdi dac biet quan trgng nhu cac bai trieu ven bien, rimg ngap man, cac hd chiia nudc, sdng bien gidi xay dung cac cdng trinh va cac giai phap bao ve tai nguyen nude sdng Ka Long, sdng Thin Coong, nudc cac hd Trang Vinh, hd Qudt Ddng, Doan TTnh va viing nudc bien ven bd Tra Cd, Miii Nggc - Thie't ke' quy hogch khu xd ly chd't thdi hgp ve sinh cho cac KKTCK Cdn nhanh chdng xay dung va hoan thien mang ludi thoat nudc va xir ly nudc thai cua cac khu kinh te cira khau Xay dung tram xii ly nudc thai sinh boat cho cac khu vuc trung tam thuang mai va dich vu Nghien ciiu thiet ke' quy hoach, xay dung lai khu xir ly rac thai d xa Hai Hda Dac biet la bien phap xii ly nudc thai bai rac da gay d nhidm tdi mdi trudmg xung quanh 4.3 Hop tdc mdi trudng viing - Phdi hgp chat che vdi cac tinh, bien gidi ciia Trung Qud'c giai quyet va'n de d nhidm ngudn nudc, d nhidm khdng khf, chat thai rdn, chat thai nguy hai va ddng vat hoang da dugc xudt nhap canh qua cac ciia khau - Hinh va boat ddng td chiic quan ly viec budn ban va giao thdng tren sdng, tren Sd Tai nguydn va mdi trudng tinh Lang Scm, 2007, 2008: "Bao cao hien trang mdi trudng tinh Lang Son nam 2006,2008" Sd Tai nguyen va mdi trudng tinh Quang Ninh, 2007: "Bao cao hiSn trang mdi trudng tinh Quang Ninh nam 2006" Sd Tai nguyfen va mdi trudng tinh Lao Cai, 2008: "Bao cao hien trang mdi trudng tinh Lao Cai nam 2008" TS Pham Van Lmh: "Cac khu kinh t l cita khau bien gidi Viet - Trung va tac ddng ciia nd tdi su phat triln kinh te hang hda d Viet Nam"; Nxb Oiinh tri qudc gia, Ha Ndi 2001 Nahien ciru Phat trien ben vdnq so (30) - Th^nq 3/2011 m bien cd the gay d nhidm nudc sdng, nudc bidn nguy ca tran dau va ddm tau thuyen Cac tinh bien gidi can phdi hgp xay dung he thd'ng canh bao sdm su cd tran ddu va ddi ngu can bd lam cdng tac mdi trudng cd nang luc xii ly vu viec dugc canh bao - Thanh lap mdt iiy ban lien tinh viec quan ly khai tbac cac ngudn lgi thiiy hai san, tranh tinh trang khai thae buy diet nhu dting min, chai nd, chat gay me de danh bat ca dge sdng bien gidi Bdc Luan va viing bien Tra Co - Can xay dung ca che' chia se thdng tin kip thdi vd hang trung chuyen cd nguy ca gay d nhidm mdi trudng thdng qua cac thdng bao hang tudn, hang thang giiia hai ben Viet Nam va Trung Qud'c Tai ca cac giai phap bao ve mdi trudng tren cdn dugc thuc hien ddng bd va nghiem tiic tir ca hai phfa Viet Nam va Trung Qud'c, nhdt la cac tinh viing bien Nham giai quyei hai hda md'i quan he vira tang trudng kinh te' nhanh, giir dugc an ninh, chii quydn bien gidi, vira dam bao hda binh hgp tac de phat trien dn dinh, lau dai Dac biet, la va'n dd d nhidm mdi trudng vung bien dang cang bd'c xiic./ TAI LIEU THAM KHAO ... 14-3-2008 ciia Chfnh phii quy dinh khu cdng nghiep, khu che'' xuai va khu kinh te, da quy dinh phan cap quan ly nha nudc dd''i vdi khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh te'' va khu che'' xudt d cac linh vuc khac... tai cac khu dd thi va khu dan cu tap trung cd the ndi la hei siic ye''u kem, nhidu khu vuc bi d nhidm nghiem trgng IV CAC GLii PHAP BAO Vfi MOI TRUING KHU KINH TE CUA KHAU BifiN Gidl VIET - TRUNG. .. sau'': Ban hanh Quy che'' quan ly va bao ve mdi trudng khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh te Hudng ddn viec thu phf bao ve mdi trudng khu cdng nghiep, khu kinh te Hudng ddn Ban Quan ly thuc hien mdt sd nhiem