NANG GAD HilU QUA DAY HDC GAG DAI ODG HlfO VAN BAN VAN XDOI THONG QUA VIEC s(j DUNG SO DO O TtiS L̂ THI THAO* So dd (SD) Id mdt trong cdc phuong Trong Hen trinh DH cdc bdi dqc hieu VB vdn tien trye qu[.]
NANG GAD HilU QUA DAY HDC GAG DAI ODG - HlfO VAN BAN VAN XDOI THONG QUA VIEC s(j DUNG SO DO O S o dd (SD) Id mdt cdc phuong tien trye quan cd uu the ddc biet viec ndng coo hieu qud dqy hqc (DH) cua hdu hit cde mdn hqc SD dugc dung nhieu DH vi de xdy dyng, d l su dyng cde giai doqn khdc cua qud frinh DH Tu trude din nay, viec su dung phd biin so DH hdu nhu chi ddnh rieng cho cdc mdn khoa hoc tu nhien Viec su dung SD ddi vdi nhung mdn khoa hoc xd hdi vdn cdn han ehl, ddc biet Id dd'i vdi bd mdn Van I L- LL L L-'iL' , T 1J r o n g chuong trinh trung hqc thong, cac txii doe - hieu van ban (VB) von xuoi chiem , r ', ,.j> ; ; , * i « h le coo hon rot nhieu so vol cac bai doc - hieu • , I Tl I 'i van ban tru finh Theo do, cac ki thi cung nhu kiem tra ddi vdi mon Vdn, ndi dung de cap den cdc tdc phdm vdn xudi cung nhieu hon cdc tac pham \ru finh Dilu dd cht/ng td rang vol trd cua bdi dqy dqc - hilu VB vdn xudi vd cung quan trqng viec DH Ngu vdn.^ De ndng cao hieu qud DH cde bdi dge hieu VB vdn xudi thi PPDH thdng qua viec su dyng SD Id mdt hudng di hgp li Su dyng SD cd y nghTa quon trqng viec khdi qudt hda kiln tht/c ciia bdi dqc - hieu VB Neu SD dugc su dyng td't se Idm cho khdng gid hqc sdi ndi, kich thfeh thu hqc tap, gdp phdn ndng coo hieu qud bdi hoc Viec su dung SD budc gido vien (GV) khdng ,' „ n u o « cr* U«^ ei„U ngung song tqo DH Qua SD, hqe sinh iiTri ' iL-* L • jằô ' L L L ã" HS CO the chu dqng, song tqo hon viec - , 1.^ j^, ' - L dien dot sy com nhqn ve tac pham von hqc bdng chfnh ngon ngu cua minh ma khong bj gd bd bdi Idi vdn dp dqt euo GV Nqi dung dugc trinh bdy SO Id nhung tu khda nen mang tfnh khdi qudt coo, da dqng yd djnh hudng rd rdng d l tu dd HS cd cd sd Idm bdi theo tinh thdn sdng tqo cua bdn thdn Tap ehi Giao due so 6 (ki • 7/2011) TtiS L^ THI THAO* Trong Hen trinh DH cdc bdi dqc-hieu VB vdn xudi, thdng thudng phdi trdi qua ede budc nhu: tim hiiu tiiu dan, dpc vd tim bdeyc cua vdn bdn, phdn tich chi tiit VB, tdng kit Td't cd budc ndy d i u cd t h i su dyng SD di he thd'ng hda, khdc sdu kiln thuc cho HS Tuy nhien, edn phdi linh hoqt ^-ong qud trinh su dyng bdng cdch phdi hgp nhieu j^J?" pl^°P khdc mot bdi dqy; cung khong nen SD hda todn bq cdc budc qud ^'"'"^^ ^f?/' ^' "l?^ t ^ ^ ° ^^ **?? " / " "^^t sy khd cung khdng cdn thiet, Idm mdt di sy mem mqi cua cdc tdc phdm vdn hoc ^ ^^ ^ ^.^^ ^^^ ^ ^ 3^ ^^ , t^.'-t L".-• %/n ' cac bai dqc hieu VB it c j en *_ — j L * L L " 1j Su dung SD trang viec doc hieu khai ^ ^ ^ , ^g ^^^ ^.^ ,^^ phd'm.Di HS ndm duoc ^^ung net co bdn v l tdc gid, tac phdm, q^^ ^^inh DH, GV edn lua chon su dung SD phu hgp vdi viec dqc hieu v l tac gid, tac pham SD ^^ phdi khdi qudt dugc nhi/ng ddc diem eo bdn, ft |di nhung cd t h i diln dqt dugc nhilu y nhd't Trude hit phdi bdt ddu h> trung tdm bdng mdt cym Kr ten chu de, vi dy nhu: «eude ddi", «sy nghiep sdng tdc", «net ddc ddo h-ong phong cdch nghe thudt" ; Hip theo ve SD cap mdt, rdi ve SD ed'p hai tu cdc nhdnh ed'p mdt Cde budc di thye hien nhu qud trinh ldp ddn y: ludn diem, luqn cu, ludn cu nhd hon Tuy nhien, td't cd bang ^^u bang SD de de ghi nhd , Vi^'^y: Khi dqy doqn trich VB «Ai da ddt ten cho ddng sdng euo nhd vdn Hodng Phu Nqoe ii!i - - T H iL-^ J L-' IL-Tuonq (Nqu van 12), h-onq phan doc hieu khoi «i » »/ ' UA'J^ qn „Ui nt^A A 4,^ quar ve tac gia, foe pham, ot) qhi nho co the ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^^ ^^]' ^^ ^ ^ j^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^.^ y^ j^^ ^.^ y g |^ ^j^'^^ ^g ^ ^^ quon'trong viec DH ^^^ | ^ , j ^ ^ hilu VB vdn xudi N l u HS ndm ^^^^^ ^g j^^^g ^.hj^h cua tac phdm, ndm duoc * Sdi Giao due - Bao tao fiak l i k ^^ Sinh t^l Hu4, cu^c dM cd nhl6u gin b6 sdu s k v6l Hu6 Sadd Ld nguOt c6 v6n hilu blil sAu rOng vMrlithQC,vanh6e, LS Chuydn vl4t v6 th^ I I M kl, vdi nhl^u tdc phim niii tl^ng: •NgOl aao trin dhh Phu van Uu", N6tdOcd6o plx>ng cAchngh^ thu|t •Rit nhiiu dnh liia", "Al M d^t tdn cho ddng aOngT K M h9p nhudn nhuyin gIDa trf tud vd trO tinh, ngh| ludn sdc t)6n vdsuytudachliu Udn tu6ng m^nh md L6I hdnh vdn hu6ng n^i, sdc Ifch, md ddm tdl hoa Sodfd Thuy trinh cua sdng Huong So dd Sfing Huong b thudng liru SH: "bin trudng ca cua rvfng gid" * SH: VS d^p tr^m m^c nhu triit li nhu c6 thi Trong thdi d^i vua Hung > > NhQng th4 ki trung d^i "VO NHAr NGH^ •muAT Phd phdn xd h^i thd ki 18 Nhdn vdt bdcgTir Cang^ ngudi Nhdn vdt ngudi VO nhdt Xdy di,mg finh hudng Tinh hudng 'nh^l vfl* ddc ddo Xdy di/ng tinh cdch nhdn vdt Md t i sdu s i c linh cdch tam li NV Xdy dvtng ngdn ngit SiJr dgng ptwng cdch NN sinh hogt ti/ nhidn, gidu sOrc gpi Cdch kd chuydn QiC sAc Linh ttogt luc suy tucmg thdm trim, luc vui tioi didom \ Sdng Huong d ngogi vi TP Con ngudi ngn ddi } Nhdn vdt Trdng Gid tri nhdn dgo Thdi dgi cdch m^ng Ddng sdng cua Ijch sur cudc ddi Birc tranh ngn ddi DUNG SH: 'dl$u Slow tinh cdm ddnh ridng cho Hud" SH: "ngudi tdi nijr ddnh ddn luc ddm khuya' SH: "ngudi tinh dju ddng vd thuy chung" trich '/V Gid th hidn thi/c NOI SH: Ngudi gdi d^p bimg tinh sau mdt giac mo ddi ^ _ Sdng Huong d ngo^i vi TP Sdng Huons m6i quan h$ licl' sijr ddn tpc SH: "cd gdi dl gan phdng khodng vd man d^i' SH: 'ngudi m? phu sa cua mdt vung vdn hda xCr sd' Sdng Huong d p\ giQaldng TP dSdSt ten cho dong sSnsT xudi, HS cdn dugc ren luyen tdt kT ndng tdm tdt VB Mot bdn tdm tdt dqt chat lugng phdi ddm bdo: tfnh khdch quan, tfnh hodn chinh, tfnh cdn ddi Chfnh vi nhung li do md SO Id lya chqn tdt nhd't d l viec tdm tdt dqt hiĐu qud Vf (dy: Khi dqy doqn trich VB ôAl dd ddt tin cho ddng sdng" cua nhd vdn Hodng Phu Ngqe Tudng (Ngu vdn 12), de ndm dugc bd' eye cua tdc phdm, cd the xdy dyng SO tam tdt nhu d soda Tu SO dd, HS cd thi d l ddng ghi nhd vd khdi qudt dugc doqn trfch cua VB qud trinh thye hdnh Idm vdn cd t h i trinh h/ phdn tfch md khdng ngqi bj bd sdt y Cdch dvmg chuydn T i ; nhidn, don gian Ld mdt ngudi gdi dju ddng cua d4t nudc 3) Su dpng SD 6pc - hiiu chi tiit VB SO cd y nghTa vlec giup HS ndm dugc bd thi ca ^ Trong cdi nhin tinh \k cua Tdn Od eye VB, ddng thdi cung thudn Hen cho vlec dqy Sdng Trong phdch cua Cao Bd Qudt dqc hieu chi Het VB Quan sdt SO, kit hgp vdl Huong d ngogi vi cdu hdi ggi md ctja GV, HS se dugc ren luyen Trong ndi quan hodi vgn cd cua TP Bd Huydn Thanh Quan cdc kT ndng quan sdt, phdn tich, tdng hgp qua dd phdt trien ndng lye tu ddc lap sdng tqo CO bdn cdc sy viec, cdc nhdn vqt chinh thi viec vd ndng lye thye hdnh Idm vdn thye hdnh bdi Idm vdn nghj ludn vdn hqc se rdt Vi dy: Khi dqy bdi dqc - hieu VB «Vg nhdf thudn Igi Trong chuong trinh trung hqc, HS dugc cua nhd vdn Klm Ldn (Ngu vdn 12), GV ed thi hqc v l tdm tdt VB h/ sy d nhieu cap hqc (Idp 8, 9, giup HS phdn tfch bdng 503 10), qua dd cdc em dd dugc hilu v l myc dfch St) dyng SO Id mdt bien phdp cd gid hi vai trd vd sy cdn thilt cua viec tdm tdt VB h/ sy tich eye, ndng cao hieu qud DH cdc bdi O l thye hien td't viec dqc - hilu cde tac phdm vdn (Xem tiip trang 32) vd Tap ehi Giao due so 6 (ki • 7/2011) Theo cdch tilp cdn mdi ndy, myc HSu cua mdn Tilng Vi§t vd Ngu vdn duong nhiln cdn hinh thdnh vd phdt triln cho HS ndng lye ngdn ngu (Hing Vi§t) vd ndng lye vdn hqc Sou ddy Id cdch hilu cua chung tdl v l ndi dung cua hai ndng lye ndy / Ndmg Ipc ngdn ngCr (bnguague competence) Id khd ndng (hodc kiln thuc) Idm mdt vile gl dd bdng cdch su dyng ngdn ngu Chung ta si/ dyng ngdn ngCr d l ndi vd vilt, cung nhu doe nhOng gl ngudi khdc vilt hodc nghe nhung gl ngudi khdc ndi Ndng lye ngdn ngCr dugc tqo nSn bdi cdc thdnh td' sou: a) Nhung kiin thuc vi ngdn ngCr, gdm he thdng chu cdi, chinh td, phdt dm, tu vung, ngu phdp, tu tu ; b) Nhung iff ndng vi ngdn ngu, gdm hoi kT ndng dung d l «tilp nhdn" tu ben ngodi (dpc, nghe) vd hai kT ndng cdn cho tqo ldp chu t h i tqo ro (ndi, viit); c) Tinh cdm, thdi dp dd'i vdi ngdn ngu vd viSe su dyng Hing Viet Dd Id y thuc hqc hdi, tich luy nhung hilu bilt v l ngdn ngu; thdi trdn trqng, gii/ gin, bdo ve, gdp phdn Idm gidu dep vd sdng them tilng Viet Do ddc dilm ddn cu vd ngdn ngO khde nen ben eqnh Hing Viet Id ngdn ngCr qudc gia, CTGDPT Viet Nam edn edn cd ndi dung dqy hqc mdt sd' ngdn ngu ddn tdc ft ngt/dl khdc Vi the, ndi d i n ndng lye ngdn ngu cua HS phd thdng cdn chu y d i n ed hai loqi ngdn ngu vua neu 3.2 Nang luc vdn hpc (literary competence) Id khd ndng hilu mdt vdn bdn cua ngudi dqc tren co sd bilt rd ve sy dien gidi hgp li he thdng tin hieu hodc «md" euo vdn hqc Ndng lye vdn hqc dugc tqo nen bdi cdc thdnh to sou: a) Nhung kiin thucve vdn hqe: dd Id nhCmg hieu bilt v l lich su vdn hpc, tdc phdm vdn hpc vd //' ludn vdn hpc ; b) NhOng UrTodng vdn hqc: chu yeu Id dpc hiiu vdn bdn, phdn tich vd ddnh gid cdc gid fri vdn hqe, ; c) Tinh cdm, thdi dp ddi vdi tiip nhdn vdn hpc: Idng say me vdn hqc; y thuc fim tdi, khdm phd cdc gid tri sdu sdc, dqc ddo cua tdc phdm vdn hqe frong qud h-inh Hip nhdn thudng thuc vdn hqc Trong chuong trinh cua nhilu nudc, ndng luc vdn hpc dugc tfch hgp vdo ndng luc ngdn ngu thdng qua viec phdt trien kT ndng dqc vdl nhilu ed'p khdc nhau, ddc bi§t Id dpc - hiiu Rieng d Viet Nam, truyen thd'ng dqy hqc vdn khd sdu ddm nen ndng lye vdn hqc rdt dugc chu y (nhd't Id d ede kl kilm tra, thi), Hnh chd't cdng cy cua ndng lye tilng Viet ed phdn bj coi nh? Ddy Id m§t nhi/ng hqn e h l edn xem x6t, khdc phye Tu cdch hilu v l hoi loqi ndng lye chu y l u tren ddy, chung to edn xdc djnh dugc yeu cdu cung nhu «chudn ndng lye'' cy t h i cho mdi giai doqn hqc tdp mdt cdch phu hgp Ddc biet, edn xdy dyng dugc cdc bdng chung (Heu chi) cy t h i di cd t h i ddnh gid chfnh xdc vd khdch quan kit qud hqc tdp cua ngudi hqc theo ySu cdu phdt triln ndng lye nhdm phdt huy hon nC/a tdc dyng ddi mdi ndi dung CT vd phuong phdp dqy hqc.Q (1) Thomas Friedman Thtf gidi ph§ng NXB Tri, TP Hd Chi Minh, 2005 (2) Dd Ngpc Thdng "Chuyin d6i lim nhin giio due cho phi^ hgp vdi dO'i tugng v^ mOi trudng hpc tap" Tap chi Khoa hqe gido d{ic, 2008 (3) Ho^ng Phe (chij hi^n) Tdrdiln ti^ng Vift NXB Dd Ndng, 2000 (4) Cii cich giio dijc d Indonesia http://www Worldedreform.com/infercon/lcedre9.htm Nang cao hieu qua day hoc (Tiip theo trang 34) dpc hilu VB vdn xudi, mdt xu hudng DH biwi nhi/ng ndi dung h-t/u tagng thdnh nhi}ng ddu hieu trye quan nhdm giijp HS de hinh dung hon kiln thuc CO bdn cua mot bdi hqc So vdi dung Idi, viec dung phuong Hen true quan mang Hnh cy thi nhu vdy dugc coi Id mot cdng cy de «thi phqm hda', «h/dng mlnh hda", bien nht}ng li thuyet vdn rdt khd hieu h-ong mot bdi hqc h d nen don gidn hon, HS d l quan sdt hon Tu bien phdp ndy, HS cd the ffnh hqi kiln thuc mot cdch nhanh chdng, khdi qudt vd ghi nhd Idu hdnh dugc tinh frqng ddng \o ngqi hi§n Id hqc thuqc Idng vd bj dp ddt bdi cdng thuc Idm vdn cua GV de phdt huy tinh sdng tqo cua minh hx>ng cdm thy vdn chuong 1^ Tk\ lifu tham khao Nguyfin Thj Ban Sit dung Graph dgy hoc tiing Viit cho hgc sinh trung hoc casir LuSn an ti^n si Giio diic hpc Hi Npi, 2004 Nguyfin Ngpc Bio M6t sSsuy nghi vi tinh tich cue d^e ldp Hii NOi, 1983 Nguyfin Gia Ciu "Su Ic^t hgp hii hoa cic phuong phip day hpc", Tgp chi Gido due, sO' 150 (ki thing 11/2006) Phan Trpng LuSn (chii bien) Thiet kg bai hoc Ngu van 10,11,12 NXB Gido due, H 2009 Tap ehi Giao due so 6 (ki 2.7/2011) ... cua Cao Bd Qudt dqc hieu chi Het VB Quan sdt SO, kit hgp vdl Huong d ngogi vi cdu hdi ggi md ctja GV, HS se dugc ren luyen Trong ndi quan hodi vgn cd cua TP Bd Huydn Thanh Quan cdc kT ndng quan... Worldedreform.com/infercon/lcedre9.htm Nang cao hieu qua day hoc (Tiip theo trang 34) dpc hilu VB vdn xudi, mdt xu hudng DH biwi nhi/ng ndi dung h-t/u tagng thdnh nhi}ng ddu hieu trye quan nhdm giijp HS de hinh... phdn tfch bdng 503 10), qua dd cdc em dd dugc hilu v l myc dfch St) dyng SO Id mdt bien phdp cd gid hi vai trd vd sy cdn thilt cua viec tdm tdt VB h/ sy tich eye, ndng cao hieu qud DH cdc bdi