NGHIEN cau & CTNG DUNG II THi NGHIEM DIA Ll GIAO DUC BIEN DOI KHi HAU H l t U QUA Th S Nguyin Thi Thanh Vdn KhoaDiaU DHDongThdp I Cdc van dl ve biln doi song cua cdc lodi sinh vgt, cdc trung binh cua[.]
NGHIEN cau & CTNG DUNG II THi NGHIEM DIA Ll GIAO DUC BIEN DOI K H i HAU H l t U QUA Th.S Nguyin Thi Thanh Vdn KhoaDiaU- DHDongThdp I Cdc van d l ve biln doi hfu todn cau "Biln doi hgu Id nhflng biln doi mdi trUdng vgt ly hogc sinh hgc gay nhflng dnh hfldng cd hgi ddng kl din thdnh phan, khd nang phyc hoi bode sinh sdn cua hf sinh thai ty nhien hogc din hogt dgng cua cdc hf thong kinh te - xa hgi hogc den sflc khde vd phuc lgi cua ngfldi", Nguyen nhan chinh ldm biln doi hau Trai dat Id sfl gia tang cac hogt dfng tgo cac chat thai nhd kinh (khi nha kinh chu ylu bao gom: COj, CH^, N^O, HFCs, PFCs vd SFg), cdc hogt dgng khai thac qua mflc cac be hap thy nha kinh nhfl sinh khoi, rflng, cac hf sinh thai bien, ven bd va dat Uen khac, Nhiing hieu hiin cua BDKH: Sy ndng len cua quyen vd Trai dat ndi chung; Sy thay ddi thdnh phan vd chat Iflgng quyen cd hgi cho mdi trfldng song cua ngfldi vd cdc sinh vgt tren Trdi dat; - Sfl dang cao mflc nfldc biln bang tan, dan tdi sfl nggp ung d cac vung dat thap, cac dao nho tren bien; - Sy di chuyen cua cac ddi hfu ton tgi hang nghin nam tren cac vung khac cua Trdi ddt dan tdi nguy cd de dga sfl song cua cdc lodi sinh vgt, cdc hf sinh thdi vd hogt dgng cua ngUdi; - Sfl thay doi cfldng dg hogt dgng cua qua trinh hodn Iflu quyln, chu trinh tuan hodn nfldc tfl nhien vd cdc chu trinh sinh dia hod khdc; Sy thay doi nang suat sinh hgc cua cdc hf sinh thdi, chat Iflgng vd thdnh phdn cua thuy quyln, sinh quyln, cac dia quyln, BDKH se gdy se nhiing hgu qud sau: - Cdc hf sinh thai bi phd buy-^ mat da dgng sinh hgc; Thien tai tang nhanh vl cfldng dq vd tdc hgi ngdy cdng tram trgng hdn dien biln bat thfldng va khd dfl bao hdn (hgn ban, lu lyt, sdng than, 16c xoay,.,.); Dich bfnh ngdy cang nhilu; Cac tdc hgi den kinh tl: chiin tranh, xung dft, tranh ddnh tai nguyen.,, Hifn cdc tdc dgng cua BDKH din Trai Dat da dan hifn rd: Cac bdo cdo cua To chflc nghien cflu lien chinh phu vl^ biln ddi hgu cua Lien hifp qu6c (IPCC) cdng b6 rang nhift df trung binh tren bl mgt dja cdu am len gan l^C vdng SO nam (tfl 1920 din 2005) vd tang rat nhanh khoang 25 nam (tfl 19S0 din 2005) Bang tan vd nhift df tang ldm nd the tich trung binh cua nUdc dugc coi nhfl hai nguyen nhan chinh dan din mflc nfldc dgi dUdng cao ddn len, lam trdn ngap cdc dong bang thap ven biln, Cdc so lifu quan trdc myc nfldc bien the gidi cho thay mflc tang trung binh vdng 50 100 nam qua la 1,8 mm/ nam, Nhflng chi 12 nam gan day, cdc so lifu dac cua vf tinh NASA cho thay xu thi bien dang dang gia tang rat nhanh, vdi toc df trung binh la mm/nam Bdo cao cua IPCC, hdng chyc nhd khoa hgc sogn thao vd hdn 2000 nhd khoa hgc tfl 130 quoc gia tham gia ddng gdp y kiln, dfla dfl bdo: din cuoi thi ky XXI, nhift dg bl mgt Trdi dat se tang them tfl 1,4 din 4°C, mflc nfldc bien se dang them khoang 2S-43cm, Vdi nhflng dgc diem rieng cua minh nen dia U la mft mdn hgc khdng nhflng cd kha nang giao dye biln doi hgu mgt each de ddng md cdn mang lgi hifu qua cao, GV cd thi tich hgp van dl BDKH thdng qua ngi dung bdi hgc cd Uen quan hay cac hogt dgng ngogi khda Tren ldp, GV se sfl dung cac phfldng phap vd phfldng tifn trflc quan dl tang cao hieu qua gido due GV cd the sfl dung thi nghifm dia U (TNDL) TAP CHi THI^ BI GIAO Dgc-sd 77-1/2012 • 13 II N G H I E N CLTU & LTNG DUNG ddy Id mft logi phydng tifn dgy be kinh cao hdn nhift df * Ket qud: Thdy dflgc mflc nfldc be trfldc hgc cdn khd mdi vd cd rdt it tdc ngodi trdi * Kit qud: Qua thi nghifm khoi nfldc dd tan se thap^hdn gid nghien cflu cy thi nhflng TNDL mang tinh trflc quan thdy dflgc hifu flng nhd kinh so vdi mflc nfldc bl sau cao "TNDL Id mgt dang thi diln trin trdi ddt tfldng tfl khdi nfldc dd tan, dg ngap nghiem dung de xdy dUng cdc gidng be kinh, khi nhd nfldc vdi khdi dat thay ddi cao hiin tUdngdia lixdy tU kinh qua cao bao quanh trdi hdn so vdi mflc nUdc ban dau: nhien vd kinh tc xd hgi nhdm dat Id nguyen nhdn di nhift Khoi nUdc da tan se cung cdp hieu dUdc hdn chdt cua cdc sU Iflgng tfl mft trdi xudng trdi nUdc thim lUdngnUdc be dat khd cd cd hfi phdn xg tfl GV cd thi sfl dyng TNDL vdt, hiin tUdng dja li." Thdng qua qua trinh dd nhift df trdi ddt ngdy cdng trin giup cho HS bilt dflgc quan sdt trflc tilp vd tham gia tang len dan den cdc nguy cd nguyen nhan, hgu qud cua hifn vdo cac tiln hdnh thi nghifm, khdc nhfl tan bang d cflc vd tflgng nfldc bien dang Ddy HS hiiu dflgc cdc hifn tflgng cdc hgu qud khdc cua biln doi cung ldm mgt nhflng bilu hifn cua BDKH dang dnh biln ddi hgu vd cdc hgu hgu qud biln doi hgu gay Thi nghifm 2: Hifn tflgng hfldng trflc tilp din cugc sdng ra, tfl dd cd dflgc y thflc trfldc nfldc biln ddng ngfldi * C/IM^« b/; - Mgt bl kinh Vdi cac thi nghifm ndy cdc van dl biln doi hgu di xay dflng cdc hdnh vi phu cd chilu ddi; rgng; cao tfldng GV cd thi sfl dyng dl dgy hgp Do dd, cdc TNDL rat flng: 50cm; 30cm; 30cm; Mgt phdn II bai 15: Thuy quyln phu hgp di giao dye biln doi khoi dat cd Uen kit chgt nhfl Mgt sd nhan to anh hfldng hdu qua chfldng trinh dia dat sit (gidm sfl tham nfldc) din cbl dg nfldc sdng Mgt so li ldp 10, cd chilu ddi; rgng tfldng flng: sdng ldn tren trai dat, Nhflng Thi nghifm ve bien 40cm; 20cm, khoi dat cd dg vdi myc dich gido dye BDKH doi hgu ddc de thi hifn sy da dgng cua thi GV sfl dyng dgy phdn II Thi nghifm 1, Hifu flng dia hinh; Mgt khdi nfldc dd bdi 20 Ldp vd dja U Quy lugt thdng nhat vd hoan chuih cua nhd kinh cd thi tich khodng 250cm; * Chudn hi: - Mgt bl kinh Mgt thfldc ddn vi cm; - Mgt ldp vd dja ly, (Dia U ldp 10) cd ndp cd chilu ddi; rgng; cao den cdn; lit nfldc, Thi nghifm Qay lugt tfldngflng:50cm; 30cm; 30cm; * Tien hdnh: thdng nhat vd hoan chinh ciia Mgt nhift kl de nhift dg - Dgt kh6i ddt vdo mgt gde ldp vd dja U * Tien hdnh: cua bl kinh (tfldng flng difn • Chuan bi: md hinh Thi nghifm cd the tiln tich dat n6i tren trdi dat), Sau chfl nhgt 50cm' x30 cm (hinh hanh ngodi trdi dilu dd cho Ut nfldc vdo vudng) bdng dat (cd cau tgo kifn trdi cd ndng, be, lay thfldc chilu cao cua kem bin) dd the hifn GV dung nhift kl mflc nfldc be vd danh cac dgng dja hinh: nui, vung nhift dg ngodi trdi, sau dd ddu df ggp vdi khdi dat, chuyen tilp, ddng bang va nhift dg bl kinh dung be Dgt kh6i nfldc da (tfldng thung lung; - Trong vdi byi cd kinh kin cd ndp dgy Kit qua flng vdi cdc ldp bang cua cflc) hay rau mam the hifn rflng; nhift df ngoai khdng va len tren khdi dat, dgt d^n cdn 2,5 Ut nfldc; coc dflng nfldc bl kinh bdng nhau, Tilp ben ngodi be kinh gdn khdi the tich vd vdi sen; c6c tyc, dl bl kinh dfldi anh ndng nfldc da (tfldng flng giong hflng nfldc mgt trdi mgt khoang nhif t cua mgt trdi) * Cdch tiin hdnh: thdi gian 15 phut, tiln hdnh - Sau mgt thdi gian dflng Dung cdc tfldi nfldc len md ndp be kinh va tiln hdnh thfldc lai mflc nfldc md hinh thdng qua vdi sen nhift dg Kit qud, nhift dg be, Ldn 1: tfldi 0,5 lit nfldc vd 14 • TAP CHi THI^BIGlAO Dgc-S6 77-1/2012 NGHIDN CCrU & hflng Iflgng nudc chay sau tfldi, Lan 2: tUdi lit nUdc vd hflng lugng nfldc chdy sau khitfldL Lan 3: nho bdt cd (hogc rau mam) vd tUdi lit nUdc vd hflng Iflgng nfldc chdy sau khitfldL * Kit qud: Lan 1: nfldc ngam gan hit xuong dat it nfldc, do Iflgng nfldc hflng dflgc sau tfldi khdng dang ke, Ldn 2: nfldc chdy xuong thap keo theo ldp ddt mgt, Ifldng nudc hflng dflgc nhilu hdn lan sau tfldi, Lan 3: nfldc chay vdi vgn toc nhanh hdn vd Ifldng dat bi bdc mdn va Iflgng nfldc hflng dflgc nhilu hdn lan sau tfldi (trong nfldc cd nhilu dat, bun) Thi nghifm sfl dyng dgy Bdi 20: Ldp vd Dja U, Quy lugt thong nhat va hodn chinh cua ldp vd dia U - Phan II Cl thi nghifm giup cho HS hieu dflgc cdc thdnh phan tfl nhien ludn tac dgng qua lgi lan nhau, nlu chi mgt phan bi thay doi thi cac phan khac cung bi dnh hfldng, vung nhilu ddi mil, nlu ldp phu thyc vgt mat di, dgc bift la rflng ddu ngudn, rflng phdng hg bi suy thodi thi se keo theo cdc hifn tflgng xdi mdn ldm dat bj bgc mdu, hoang hod d vung miln mil, dja hinh ddc; lu lyt, ngfp flng d vung dong bang, Khdng nhflng thi, ldp phu thflc vft mat di thi mflc nfldc ngam cung bi hg thap se gay hifn tflgng hgn ban, vdo mfla mUa d cdc vung mii cdn cd nguy cd xdy hifn tugng tnigt dat, Id ddt, lu dng, lu quit Do vgy di gidm nh? cdc hifn tflgng tren chung ta can cd y thflc, vd hdnh dgng bdo vf mdi trUdng, bdo vf rflng dgc bift Id rflng dau ngudn, rflng phdng hg Qua thi nghifm, GV giup HS de ddng bilu dflgc sfl lien quan vd tdc dgng qua lgi cua cdc thdnh phdn ldp vd dia ly Cung nhfl bilu dflgc rang mdi trfldng song cua chung ta chiu dnh hfldng cua nhilu ylu td dd cd hogt dgng cua ngfldi Con ngfldi dang tflng tac dfng vdo mdi trfldng, dang lam cho mdi trfldng xau di vd cac hifn tflgng trai dat ndng len lam cho bang d hai cflc tan ra, thien tai, dich bfnh nhilu hdn cung mgt phan ngUdi, vi vgy phai cd y thflc vd hdnh dgng thiet thflc de bao vf mdi trfldng, Thi nghifm cd the dung de dgy bdi 20, Ldp vd dja U, Quy lugt thong nhat vd hoan chmh cua ldp vd dja ly, (Dja li ldp 10 chfldng trinh chuan), bai 42, Mdi trfldng va sfl phat triln bin vflng, Kit lufn BDKH da anh hfldng din mdi trfldng vd cuf c sdng ngfldi, dgc bift la tfldng lai cfldng df tdc dfng cfla BDKH cang mgnh Do vgy, gido dye BDKH todn cdu Id mdt vifc quan trgng vd cdn thilt, Chung ta phdi tang cfldng gido dye va tim cac gidi phdp tich cyc de ndng cao nhdn thflc cua HS vl BDKH, IJNG D U N G II hinh thdnh f thflc tich cflc de HS cd nhflng vifc ldm thiet thflc gdp phan cflu lay Trai Dat cung nhfl bdo vf cugc song cua chinh minh./, Tdi Ufu tham khao 1, www.wikepidea.org 2, vea.gov,vn,- bg tai nguyen mdi trfldng, tong cue mdi trfldng 3, PGS,TS Nguyen Dflc Vu, Phfldng tifn day hgc Dja li d trfldng trung hgc thdng, Nxb Gido dye, 4.TSKH, Nguyen Dflc Ngfl, Biln doi hgu, NXB Khoa hgc ki thuat, 2009, 5, SGK Dia U 10, NXB Giao dye, 2010, Abstract: Global cUmate change is one of the current hot issuej of educational concern through general education programs in subjects of geography This system is still relatively new knowledge, unfamiUar to students, so it is difiicult for teachers to convey Using geography teaching faciUties including geographical experiments is one of the effective measures to teach the abstract content difficulty for students to understant System experiments should be presented brief and easy to understand, easy to implement in schools to help improve awareness and actions of students about the issue of cUmate change TAP CHi T H I ^ BIGlAO Dgc-S5 77-1/2012 • IS