KAV DUHG CHUdNG TRINH GIAO DUC BIBI DOI KHJ HAU CHO cnc TRITDUG sy PHnm IHCO QURH Dicin GIDO DUC H P flni PGS TS TRAN D l i C TUAN* ThS BUI THj THANH H a O N G " 1 To''''ng quan ve GDBOKH tren the gidi 1[.]
KAV DUHG CHUdNG TRINH GIAO DUC BIBI DOI KHJ HAU CHO cnc TRITDUG sy PHnm IHCO QURH Dicin GIDO DUC H P flni PGS TS TRAN D l i C T U A N * - ThS BUI THj T H A N H H a O N G " To'ng quan ve GDBOKH tren the gidi 1) Nhi/ng quan diem tiep can Trong nghien Cliu bien dd'i hau (BOKH) va giao due bien doi hau (GDBOKH) nd'i len cac qud'c gia chau Au (Oan Mach, Bi, Anh, Phap, Diic, Ha Lan, Aixolen, ) va chau A (Nhat Ban, An Od, Viet Nam, Indonesia, Philippines, ) Cae qudc gia B i c MI (dae biet la Hoa Ki) ed nhiing quan diem trai nguge ve nhung anh hudng eiia BOKH, song v l n dau tu nhieu eho nghien ctiu, giao due bao ve mditrudng va thich ting vdl BOKH Oe td'chiic lot GDBOKH nha trudng phd' Ihdng va su pham (SP), cd cac quan diem, each tiep can khac nhau, nhung cac qud'c gia deu ed ehung mdt so quan diem sau day: t) Layngudihqc lim tmng tim: giao vien (G V) Id' chtic day hpc can chu y den nhu eau ctia ngudi hge (ldn hon la nhu cau cua xa hpi); bien qua trinh day hpc qua tnnh tu dao tao; ea biet hda qua trinh day hgc eho phli hgp cau tnic tuduy, tam sinh li cua hpc sinh (HS) - ma dd cac phuong phap tam li, phat then va nudi dudng Idng dam m e v a khat vpng hpc tap duge coi trpng hon ca; 2} Cong nghe day hgc: GV can ap dyng td'ng hgp nhiing tuu cua ctia khoa hpc kltfiuat va cdng nghe hien dai nhim td'i uu hda qua trinh day hpc; 3} GDPTBV: khuyen khich ngudi hpc chti ddng cam ket vdi nhL?ng myc tieu ben vifrig dexay dung mdt"ne'p sd'ng tieu diing cac nguon luc" mpt each cdng bang va lau ben; Irong dd giao dye chii trpng de'n nang tu va cam xtic ciia ngudi len mdt lam eao mdi - l u he thd'ng va mang tinh ht;^ tac lau dai 2) Muc tieu va hinh thuc tochdc GDBBKH a) O bae mam non bang hoat ddng quan sat, nghe va kechuyen, td'chiic cac trd choi tao hinh G V giupHSnhantfiiicvesundng len eua Trai dat, qua dd hinh thai dp yeu quy va bao ve "hanh tinh xanh" ciia chiing ta b) deap tieu hgc GDBOKH tap trung vao viec 26 Tap chi Gido dye so 305 hinh hanh vi, thdi quen nhieu hon nhan thi/c, HS duoc tiep can dugc vdi khoa hgc Trai dat thdng qua mdn hge tim hieu tunhien xa hdi va tham gia mot sd'bud'i hoatdpng ngoai khda theo chudeBDKH c) deap THCS: kien thtic ve BOKH dugc lich hop vao mdn khoa hgc {Sinh hqc, Dja li Villi, Hoa hoc, Ki tf;ua/) hayphattnen eac mdhinh carf70sc/)oo/vacac bud'i ngoai khda nham giup HS hieu dugc qua trinh ti; nhien eg ban va nhi/ng de dpa ciia BDKH de'n Trai dat; tudd ed dieu chinh nhung hanh vi ey thetrong loi sd'ng van hda thieh iing tn/dc nhiing BDKH d) deap THPT: kien thiie ve BDKH dugc tich hop vao cac mdn Khoa hge Trii dat Sinh hgc Vatti, Hcs hgc Kithuat va eae bud'i ngoai khda "bao eao ca nhan" de hieu sau them nhung canh bao loan cau, song ciJng van giu linh than lac quan, san sang doi mat va thich ting vdi BOKH ctia cdng dan hien dai, e) 6bic hge ehuyen nghiep cao dang, dai hqc kien thtic GDBOKH cd the ton lai nhu nhi?ng hgc phan rieng biet: BDKH hoae GDBOKH hoae duoc tich hgp vao cac mdn dai cuong nhu: Khoa hqc Trai dil Khoa hgc mditrudng, GDPTBV; dd, eac hinh thuc hoat ddng ngoai khda, tinh nguyen va cac bai tieu luan rait dugc coi trgng nham phat tnen nang luc hanh dgng tren co sd phat trien nang luc nhan thtic tuyen tniyen va tao anh hudng den cong dong thayddlhanh vi, thaidqbknq suquan tam de'n nhung ngudi dan bj thiet thdi, than thien vdi mdi trudng tti nhien cudc chien thieh ting vdl BOKH nham tang cudng eie gia tri sing tao cuqc chien chdng lai BDKH Chuong trinh GDBOKH d b a c dai hpc va cao dang tren the gidi Trong then gian qua, d nhieu In/dng dai hpc tren the gks, cac chuong trinh {syllabus) BOKH hoae GDBOKH da duoc trie'n khai va thuc hien kha * TnfODgflaibpc sir pban Ka NQI "TniVBg Cao ^ t a plum Ka N$i -(hi 1-3/2013) bien d§c biet dcae chuyen nganh nhu Oja li Khoa hpc Trai dat, Khi hau hoc, Khoa hpc mdi tn/dng, Cac ehuong trinh khdng co dinh ma thay doi hang nam de ndi dung dugc cap nhat thudng xuyen eho phu hgp vai doitugng S V cung nhu thdi khda bleu hgc tap va hoan canh dao tao eua nha trudng nhieu ehuong trinh GDBOKH tren the gidi, ehuong trinh GDBOKH hien eua Viet Nam gom tin chf; ndi dung, mye tieu ehuong trinh tiep can vdi ndi dung, mye tieu hpc thuat cae chuong trinh GDBOKH eiia cac qude gia khac Tuy nhien, vi nhieu li do, chuong trinh cua Viet Nam ehua dat duge mtic Dudi day chiing tdi xin gicrt thieu cau tnic ctia mdt "chuan" - bdi mud'n dat "ehuan" can: n h i ^ g kien syllabus ve BOKH dugc su dyng d tn/dng Oai hpc thtic kTnang, thai dp ve GDBOKH dugc cy the hda Aizona-HoaKi: tting tuan hpc va theo tiing module hpc tap Chuang trinh "Bien dol hau" {2 tin chi) hge phan rieng biet; thdi khda bieu danh cho 1) Mo ti khai quat khoa hpc SV se duoc hpc cac he hpe phan rat linh ddng va dugc cy the hda den tiing thong hau; nguyen nhan gay 80KH, cac "kich ban" hoat ddng tiing buoi gap; hinh Ihi/c day hpc BBKH, nhung hau qua, thay iJoi hau khac vdi nhung Ihay dol hau qua khii, nghien cuu moi ien phong phli, dd cac hoat ddng "thao luan tren he giiJa hoat dong ctia ngudi va nhi/ng xu hudng aim mang" (online discussion) tranh luan ve cac bai doc, len hien tai thong qua nhung tac dong cua BBKH de'n moi hien tuong thuc te doan phim ngan hay tranh anh trudng tu nhien, kmh te xa hpi lien quan den ndi dung bai hoc va viet bai luan hay 2) Muc lieu - Tap Imng nhung hieu biet ve he thong thuc hanh giang day ve BDKH ludn dugc eoi trong; hau, -Danh gia nhi/ng nhan to anh hudng den BDKH, -M6 hinh thu'c kiem tra, danh gia da dang, bao gom • cac ta nhiing thay do! ve hau qua khii, lii co nhi/ng bai tap hang tuan (30% so diem hoc phan), ehuyen hieu biet dting din ve hau hi?n tai; - Giai Ihich duoc hau can va thao Juan tai ldp (40% ), bai luan ho?e thuc qua, ton thuong cila BDKH 3) Th&ikhoa bie'u lopftoc(Meetingtime} khoa hpc keo hanh giang day ket thiie (30%); mdl module ndi dung dai tuan (chii yeu qua online); thoi gian gap G V va nghien ed rat nhieu tai lieu tham khao bao gom sach, giao Cliu vien true tiep moi tuan mpt buoi (1) trinh, eae dudng link tai lieu tren mang Internet Nhu 4} Hinh Ihuc tdchi/c - Dau vao (enrollment) dieu ki^n vay, cd the thay rang, van de cung cap "nguyen lieu" tien quyet hoae kiem tra dau vao, - Ho^l dong hang luan va eac edng ey cho SV qua trinh tu hoc rat (weekly activieiies); • Trao doi online (online discussion); dugc coitrpng eae ehuong trinh GDBOKH tren Tieu luan (final project) 5) Giao trinh bit buoc: OimBte Change: The Science thegidi hien of Global Warming and Our Energy Fulureby Edmond Mathez.Xuat ban lai: CoAym6/at/n/i'ere//KP'Ess{1sledition, 2009) ISBN: 0231146426 6) Danh gia: • Thao luan va tham gia Idp hoc- 40% , - Bal l9p hang tuan: 30% ; - Tieu luan ket IhiJc hpc phan: 30% vdi hai lua chpn: + Thi/c hanh giang day (Teaching practice);+Van de nghien ciJu khoa hpc (Research question), -Chinh sach: cac bai tap, bai thao luan, bai tap ldm deu phai la ban dau lien cua lac gia; cac tai lieu Iham khao phal neu rd nguon trich dan cu the 7) Hoat dgng hang tuan va nhdng ki vong •_ Tuan I "Nhung kien thtic co ban ve BOKH": khda hpc bit dau vdi nhung hudng din co ban ve each hpc va nhung yeu cau npi dung ccr ban ciia hpc phan Noi dung co ban cua tuan la ; Nhung ki vgng cap nh|t nhirng djnh hudng co ban ciia hpc phan; ; Tailleu bd'sung: Tong quan nhi/ng anh hudng cua id thung tang ozone den hien lupng nong len cua Trai dat: http:^Avww.ucsusa,orij/environment/ gw.bo.hlmi #8: - Tuan :, - Tuan 5:.,.; (2) D e x u a t xay d u n g c h u o n g trinh GDBOKH cho cac trudng SP o Viet Nam i) Nhdng diem tuang dong va khac biet vdi chuang trinh GDBBKH tren thegidi Gid'ng nhu 2) Chuang trinh GDBBKH cho eac trudng SP a Viet Nam Tren cd sd nghien ctiu nhieu ehuong trinh dao tao, eac de cuong bai giang, giao trinh ve GDBDKHonhleu trudng dai hpc vacao dang tren the gidi kel hop vcri thi/c liln dao tao va nghien ciiu ve BOKH tai Viet Nam, tham nhuan cac quan diem giao dye hien dai, chiing tdi da xay di/ng mdt ehuong trinh GDBOKH chocaetn/dngSP Ndi dung khai quat ciia chuong trinh nhusau (3): I) Ten ehuang trinh: Giao due bien dd'i hau (Climate Change Education); Ioal hpc phan: tuehon; thdi lupng: 02 tin chi ^^ Muc freu.-Nhan thi/c rd nhijng thach Ihiic ctia BDKH dd'i vdi suphat trie'n ben v t ^ g d Viet Nam va the gidi; tim hieu nghien ciiu cac van de ciia viec nghien euu va giang day GDBOKH theo quan diem cua GDPTBV; - NSm dUdc phuong phap luan va phuong phap cd ban nghien ciiu cac van de ctia GDBDKH dcae trudng phothong SP; n i m dugc cac phugng phap va hinh tht/c co ban ciia GDBOKH geaetn/dngSP Tap chi Gido due so 305 (ki 1-3/2013)- 27 3) Mo ta torn tit: Chuang trinh decap nhung vin deed ban cua viec nghien cdu va giang day GDBDKH Uongcactn/dng THCS &ieo quan diem cOaGDPTBV S V tham gia hqc phan se co ca hqi tham gia vio eie budi thuyet tnnh, seminar, hoi thao va tien hinh cic "duan hoc tap" thi/c hanh giang day hay lim freu luin khuon kho hoc phan NOI dung Chuanq Chuonq Chuong Chijunq4 Tonq so Hinh ihiic to chiic day hoc hoc phan Lr Thao Thiic TV thuygl luan hoc 3 A 12 11 T^ing 5 10 10 30 4) Hinh thuc td'chdc day hoc 5) Nqi dung chi tiet chuang trinh - Chuang I: Baicuang ve BBKH {nhunq khai mem ehung, nguyen nhan gay nen BOKH, nhiing BDKH tren Thegidiva Viet Nam, he thd'ng nhiing gial phap ling phd vdl BDKH) - Chuang2: Cac mo hinh GDBDKH tren thegidi (mang ludi GDBDKH tren the gidi; carbo school; summer school; thuc dja tai cac nude chju nhieu ton thuong eiia BDKH; xay dung eac du an hd tro GDBOKH; nghien euU GDBOKH; tinh nguyen GDBOKH va vai trd ctia cae Id'ehiie phi chinh phu (NGOs)) - Chuang 3: Phuang phap GDBBKH (ngudi hoc hoc dugc gi hch siiva kmh nghiem dia phuong; the hien nhung hieu biet ve nguyen nhan va each thich ling vdi BDKH nhu the nao? cac phuong phap GDBOKH cy the, ) - Chuang 4: Toehue GDBDKH tai: ldp hpc; cae hoat ddng ngoai khda; cac hoe phan hpc bd' trg; tu chon; hoatdong tinh nguyen; lien ket cac toehue GDBOKH) 6) Phuang phap hinh thuc kiem tra - danh gia ket qua hqc tap hge phin - Kiem tra - danh gia thudng xuyen:danh gia thao lu|n; kiem tra bang trac nghiem khach quan, kiem tra qua trinh tuhge (ho so hgc tap, tai lieu tliam khao ma mdl SV thu thap dugc), miic dp tham gia vao gidhpc - Kiem tra - danh gii dinh kt bing vie't tieu luan (khi kiem tra gitJa ki) va viet lu luan (khi thi het mdn, thdi gian 90 phiit) Xay dung va to' cht/c thuc hien chuong trinh GDBOKH lamdlyeucaucap bach dd'i vdlcac Irudng 28 SP tren ca nudc Day la eohpi va dieu kien decac SV phattrien cac nang luc GDBDKH theo quan diem ctia GDPTBV gitip hpsau tn/dng eddu nang luc to chtic eae hoat ddng GDBOKH eac mdn hoc theo yeu cau ciia Bp GD-OT lii nam 2015 Trong bd'i canh nhieu tardng SP va GV edn lung tling vcri ndi dung, hinh thiie va phuong phap GDBDKH, nhungytudngxaydyng chuong trinh ma nhdm lac gia da de xuat hi vpng se la mpt tai lieu tham khao bd' ich, thiet thuc eho viec td'chuc thuc hien yeu cau ciia Bd GD-OT de ra.Q (1) Dr Rich Thomp-inn Climate change education syllabus Universiiy of Arizona USA, I I (2) Tham khao cu ih^ tai: www.amnh.org/learn/ calendar.php (3) Trdn Diic Tudn "GiAo duc biffn drii hilu vi sir phal tri^n hSn vOng- thach thirc v& iri^n vpng" {Hpi thao "Tdng cudng gido dtic bi^n ddi hdu v'l sif phdt tri^n b^n vung irong gido duc chinh quy vd khdng chinh c/iiy ") 2010 Tai iitlu tham khao Union of Concerned Scientists Cirriculum guide for high school course in biology, geography, general science Earth science, and other course focusing on Ihe society environment • interface Developed by the Union of Concerned Scieniisi.'i lo accompany the 2001 UCS/ESA report "Confronting Climaie Change in the Gulf Coast Region " 2002 Mang luoi giao due bie'n ddi hflu to&n cSu: http://climaie