Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Trhn Thj Thu Mai YEU CAU CUA MO HINH DAO TAO NGHIEP VU SU PHAM TAI CAC TRU''''dNG SU* PHAM T R A N TH! THU MAI'''' T6M TAT Nghiep vu sic phgm Id mqt trong nhung nqi dung cdt ldi[.]
Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Trhn Thj Thu Mai YEU CAU CUA MO HINH DAO TAO NGHIEP VU SU PHAM TAI CAC TRU'dNG SU* PHAM T R A N TH! THU MAI' T6M TAT Nghiep vu sic phgm Id mqt nhung nqi dung cdt ldi ciia chuang trinh ddo tgo gido vien, nhdm muc dich hinh lhanh ndng luc nghe nghidp cho sinh vien cd ve li ludn ldn thuc hdnh (tay nghe) Bdi bdo neu len mqt sd yeu cdu ciia md hinh ddo tgo nghidp vu su phgm nhic: chuang Irinh ddo tgo, hinh thuc td chiec ddo tgo, xdy dung mdi trudng vdn hda chat luang Tir khda: nghiep vy su phgm, ddo tgo nghifp vy su pham, mdi trudng van hoa chat lugng ABSTRACT Some requirements for the model in pedagogic professional training at universities ofpedagogy Pedagogic professional is one of the core contents of teacher training programs, aiming at forming professional abilities for teacher students both in theory and practice The article introduces some requirements for the model in pedagogic professional training in the universities of pedagogy such as curriculum, forms of training, construction of a qualitative cultural environment Keywords: pedagogic professional, pedagogic professional training, qualitative cultural environment Giao vien cac bac hgc phd thdng va mam non d Vift Nam hifn hau het duge dao tgo d cac trudng su pham Dgc trung eua chucmg trinh dao tgo su phgm the hifn d khdi kiln thiire nghifp vy, dugc ggi la nghifp vy su phgm (NVSP) hay phan cdt ldi ehuyen nghifp su phgm Nghifp vy su phgm dugc hieu la loan bg hf thdng tri thiie, kT nang nghifp vy dgy hgc va giao dye hgc sinh ciia ngudi giao vien, Trong cac chucmg trinh dao tgo su phgm, phin dd bao gdm eae mang kien thiic: tam li hgc, giao dye hgc, li luan day hgc bd mdn, phuang phap nghien ciiu TS, Tardng Dgi hpc Su pham TPHCM khoa hgc gido dye, img dyng edng nghf thdng tin dgy hgc va tuomg iing la mang thyc hanh, thyc tl, thyc tap su phgm Dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm, mdt nhiing nhifm vy ehinh ciia cac tmdng su phgm phai tgo ddi ngii giao vien cd chit lugng eao, dap iing thyc tiin giao dye ddi hdi xu thi hdi nhap, Nhdm thyc hifn dl tai nghien eiiu: "Xay dyng md hinh dao tgo nghiep vy su phgm tgi Trudng Dgi hgc Su phgm Thanh Hd Chi Minh" (md sd: B2007,19,20) da thyc hifn khao sat vdi 100 can bd quan li va giang vien, 201 sinh vien su phgm chinh quy nam thii (khda 31, nam hgc 2008-2009) d cae Khoa: Toaij - Tin, Vat li, Hda hgc, Sinh, Ngii van, Ljch sii 31 Tap chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Dja Ii, Tam li - Giao dye, Gido dye Tieu hgc, Giao dye mim non, Gido dye Chinh trj, Tilng Anh cua Trudng Dgi hgc Su phgm TPHCM; 112 edn bg quan li vd giao vien Trudng Trung hgc phd thdng Trung Vuong, Quan I; Trudng Trung hgc phd thdng Mgc DTnh Chi, Qu^n 6; Tmdng Trung hgc Thyc hdnh Dgi hgc Su phgm TPHCM; Trudng Tiiu hgc Wh Thj Ky, Qugn 10; Trudng Mim non Bdu Cdt, qugn Tan Binh [5] vl md hinh ddo tgo nghifp vy su pham hifn hdnh tgi Tmdng Dgi hgc Su phgm TPHCM, Kit qua cho thiy, ben cgnh nhumg thdnh tyu da dgt dugc can cd sy hoan chinh myc tieu va ndi dung chuong trinh ddo tgo; mgt co che td ehiie dieu hanh hgp li; sy dau tu ca sd vat chit, thiit bj, tai ehinh phii hgp; mdt mdi trudng su phgm cin thiit md hinh dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm, [5,46] Xuit phat tir nhiing van ban cd tinh phap quy ciia Nha nudc nhu Lugt Giao dye (2005), quy chl dao tgo cua Bg Giao dye va Dao tao; kinh nghifm dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm ciia mgt sd tmdng su phgm va ngoai nudc; nhu ciu thyc tiin, xu thi phat triin tuomg lai gin, ddng thdi dya vao kit qua nghien cihi ciia dk tai: "Xay dyng md hinh ddo tgo nghifp vy su phgm tgi Tmdng Dgi hgc Su phgm TPHCM" [5], chung tdi dl xuit mgt sd yeu ciu eua md hinh ddo tgo nghifp vy su phgm tgi cac tmdng su phgm nhu sau: Chuang trinh dao t^o nghifp vy su pham la mgt hf thong md, lay ngvdi hgc lam trung tam 1.1 Mgc tiiu dgy hgc lay ngu&i hpc ldm trung tdm 32 86 34 ndm 2012 Chuang trinh ddo tgo phai xac djnh rd myc lieu dgy hgc liy ngudi hgc lam trung tam, Sinh vien phai thyc su la tmng tam cua qud trinh ddo tgo Day la mgt nhiing muc lieu quan trgng ciia chuang trinh dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm, Trilt li dgy hgc liy ngudi hgc lam trung tam khdng ehi the hifn qua phuomg phap dao tgo md cdn dugc the hifn qua muc lieu vd ngi dung ciia chuang trinh dao tgo, Theo Michel Develay (1998): "Tir ehuyen gia vl dgy hgc, gido vien phai trd chuyen gia vl vifc hgc eua ngudi hgc" [4, 43], Vl myc lieu ciia chuang trinh dao tgo nghifp vy can bd sung muc tieu: dao tgo sinh vien trd cac chuyen gia ve vifc hgc cua hgc sinh thdng Tir sy bd sung ve myc tieu se quyit djnh vifc bd sung vl chuang trinh, phuang thiire, phuang phap dao tgo noi chung va nghifp vy su phgm ndi rieng 1.2 Chuang trinh ddo tgo nghifp vg su phgm Id mpt hf th6ng md, luon bd sung nhOmg npi dung mdi, phii hpp Sy tyt hgu ciia chuong trinh, dd cd chuang trinh nghifp vy su phgm, so vdi phd thdng, xay lau la sy gin kit giflra tmdng su phgm vdi thyc tien gido dye phd thdng va mim non cdn nhieu hgn che Vifc cai each chuang trinh, phuang phdp d phd thdng va mim non lam trudc, sau dd tmdng su pham lam theo, cai cdch chuong trinh cho phu hgp nhu hifn da tao mgt nghich li, nhiing sinh vien mdi tdt nghifp lai co nhiing mat lac hau vl phuang phap han gido vien thdng, phai di boi dudng vl nghifp vy su pham, phai dugc hgc vl nhumg phuang phap giang dgy mdi, mdi cd thi tham gia giang day dugc Khao sal Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM 201 sinh vien nam thii (khda 31), sau thyc tap su phgm dgt 2, cd 196 sinh vien (chilm ti If 97,5%) xac nhgn sy cin thiet vifc cap nhal tinh hinh thyc tien giao dye phd thdng [5, 50], Diiu dd cho thay, chuang trinh nghifp vy su phgm phai ludn cap nhat nhiing vin de mdi cua chucmg trinh, saeh gido khoa, nhiing phuomg phap dgy hgc hifn dgi dang dp dyng va se dp dyng d trudng phd thdng mdt thdi gian gan, nhumg ehii truomg mdi gido dye va dao tgo,, Diem md thii hai ciia chuong trinh dao tgo la can ed nhiing hgc phan dao tgo cho sinh vien vl phuang phap tu duy, phuang phap ty hgc, ty nghien eiiu, Nhirng hgc phan nen gan vdi timg ehuyen nganh, vi dy: phuang phap ty hgc, ty nghien eiiu loan hgc; phuomg phap ty hgc, ty nghien ciiu van h g c , Trong bang phdng van giao vien phd thdng ve "Kien thiic va kT nang ve nghien Cliu khoa hgc giao dye, viet sang kien kinh nghifm", 45% giao vien ty nhgn minh cdn gap khd khan ve vife [5, Trdn Thi Thu Mai 51], Ndng lyc ly hgc, nghien ciiu khoa hgc giao dye la nhirng ndng luc can thiet cua ngudi gido vien, Tir ndm hgc 20102011, mdn Phuang phap nghien eiiu khoa hgc da dugc trien khai tir hgc ki cho sinh vien nam dang dugc dao tgo theo hgc chl lin ehi tgi Trudng Dgi hgc Su phgm TPHCM, D I dam bao yeu ciu dao tgo dugc nhumg gido vien la nhiing "ehuyen gia vl vife hgc cua ngudi hgc", chucmg trinh dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm can bd sung vl myc tieu dao tgo sinh vien trd cdc ehuyen gia ve vifc hgc ciia hgc sinh thdng, Tir dd, chucmg trinh dao tgo cin ed nhiing hgc phan ndi ve dae tnmg eiia vifc hgc ddi vdi hgc sinh phd thdng, dgy eho sinh vien ve phuang phap hudng din hgc sinh phd thdng ty hgc Dilm md thii tu ciia chuang trinh dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm la sy bd sung nhiing ndi dung dao tgo cac kT nang su phgm ey thi Kit qua khao sat 201 sinh vien ve nhiing khd khan thudng gap thyc tap su phgm the hifn d bang 1: Bdng Nhirng khd khdn thudng gap thicc tap suphgm [5, 52] STT Noi dung kho khan Tan so Ti le % Kiln thiie cac phuomg phap dgy hgc tich eye KT nang van dyng cac phuomg phap dgy hgc tich cyc Kiln thiic va kT nang iing dyng edng nghf thdng tin vao dgy hgc KT nang thiet ke bai dgy KT nang triin khai bai dgy tren ldp KT nang kiim tra, danh gia kit qua hgc tap ciia hgc sinh KT nang dy gid, diic nit kinh nghifm gid dgy KT nang ehii nhifm ldp 133 66,16 Thu bac 2• 140 69,65 88 43,78 54 89 26,86 44,27 56 27,86 64 109 31,84 54,22 3 •5 33 Tap chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Sinh vien gdp nhiing khd khdn hdng diu vl kT ndng van dung cdc phuang phap dgy hgc tich eye (69,7%), kT ndng chu nhifm ldp (54,2%) vd kT ndng triin khai bai dgy tren ldp (44,3%) Ddc bift, ngi dung cdc cau hdi md, khdng it sinh vien cho bilt khd khdn ciia hg Id ve kT ndng giao tilp, irng xir su phgm vdi hgc sinh, dong nghifp va phy huynh hgc sinh [5, 52-53] Tir thang ndm 2011 den nay, hgc phin Giao tilp - ling xir su phgm vdi tin chi dd duge dua vao chucmg trinh dao tgo chiimg chi Nghifp vy su phgm phd thdng nhu Id mdn hgc ty chgn va la mdn hgc ty chgn ty cho tat ea sinh vien ede nganh su phgm dao tgo theo hgc ehe tin ehi tgi Trudng Dgi hgc Su phgm TPHCM Dao tao song hanh chuyen mon va nghiep vu 2.1 Song hdnh triin khai chuang trinh ddo tgo Dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm phai tiin hanh suot qua trinh sinh vien hgc tgi trudng su phgm, hay dd la sy song hdnh dao tgo chuyen mdn va nghifp vy Trong 201 sinh vien duge hdi, cd 68,9% sinh vien cd nguyfn vgng dugc dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm tir ndm thiir nhit, dd 29,6% dk nghj dugc ddo tgo tir hgc ki 1, 39,3% dk nghj dugc dao tgo tir hgc ki [5, 54] Vl chuang trinh, ngoai cae hgc phin li thuyit (cd ca thyc hanh theo ndi dung cua hgc phin) cin cd mgt hgc phan cd tinh xau chudi, cd djnh hda nhimg hogt dgng khdng quy djnh chuang trinh khung nhung khdng thi thieu ddi vdi vifc dao tgo nghifp vy su 34 86 34 ndm 2012 phgm Vi dy: tap trinh bay bang, van dyng tri thirc tdng hgp dl thyc hifn mdt bdi dgy cy the,, Hgc phan cdn cd trdch nhifm gin kit ngi dung thuc hanh cua cdc hgc phin nghifp vu su phgm Ihugc chuang trinh khung vdi nhOmg hogt dgng cd tinh tit yiu nhung khdng dugc dua vdo chuang trinh khung da neu tren, Dd la hgc phin Ren luyfn nghifp vy su phgm thudng xuyen dugc td chirc thyc hifn tir hgc ki tdi hgc ki 7, Trong ket qua khao sat 201 sinh vien, cd 84,6% de nghj: "Xay dyng, bd sung hgc phan Ren luyfn nghifp vy su phgm thudng xuyen vao chuong trinh dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm va td chiirc thyc hifn hgc phan tir nam thii nhat" Khao sat y kien cua 100 can bg quan li va giang vien cua Trudng Dgi hgc Su phgm TPHCM, co 69% ddng y vdi y kien tren [5, 55] Sy song hanh dao tgo ehuyen mdn va nghifp vy tir ndm thii nhat da tdn tgi d nhieu trudng dgi hgc su pham, nhu Dgi hgc Su phgm Hui, Dgi hgc Su pham Ddng Thap Tir nam hgc 2010-2011 din nay, chuang trinh dao tgo theo hgc che tin chi cac nganh su phgm eiia Tmdng Dgi hgc Su phgm TPHCM da dua cac hgc phan nghifp vy su phgm bat budc nhu: Tam li hgc dgi cuomg, Phuang phap nghien ciiu khoa hgc vao dgy d hgc ki ciia Chuang trinh dao tgo cac nganh su phgm 2.2 Song hdnh l^fc lupmg dao tgo nghipp vg suphgm Y>k thyc hifn phuomg thirc dao tgo ndi tren cd hifu qua, cin cd sy tham gia ciia mgt ddi ngCi giang vien ddng dao Tap chl KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM ddng thdi can cd each quan li tuong ximg Tham gia ren luyfn nghifp vy su pham cho sinh vien thudng xuyen la nhifm vy chung ciia giang vien Irudng ehii khdng phai ehi la nhifm vy rieng ciia giang vien nghifp vu su pham Trong qua trinh dao tao giang vien ehuyen nganh, thyc chat da ed su tham r y gia dao tao gian tiep ve nghifp vy su phgm thdng qua vife giang dgy cac hgc phan thudc ve chuyen mdn Ngoai ra, hg cd the tham gia dao tao phuang phap day d chuyen nganh hep, tham gia hudng dan thyc tap su phgm, hudng dan tap giang, tap viet bang, td chiic thi nghifp vy su phgm Trong sd 201 sinh vien duge hdi ve vife "Dua phuang phap giang dgy ehuyen nganh hep (phan mdn) vao ehuong trinh dao tgo nghifp vu su phgm (va giang vien chuyen nganh dam nhifm)", cd 86,6% xac djnh day la mdt vife ein thiit [5, 56] De thyc hifn vifc ed hifu qua, ldnh dgo nha trudng can duge bd phan ehuyen trdeh tham muu ve edng tac td chire, quan H Ddng thdi phai ed sy dau tu diing mire va ehe hgp Ii eho giang vien Gdn ket chat che li thuyet vdi thuc hanh, thyc tien su pham vdi thirc tien thong 3.1 Gdn kit chat che li thuyet vdi thu-c hdnh Vife gin kit chat che li thuyit vdi thyc hanh duge thyc hifn bing mdt sd bifn phap sau: - Td chiirc tdt ndi dung thyc hanh eiia cac hgc phin nghifp vy su phgm va hgc phin ren luyfn nghifp vy su phgm Trdn Thi Thu Mai thudng xuyen: Day la phin thyc hanh nam ngi dung dao tgo eua cdc hgc phin nghifp vy su phgm De lam tot vife nay, trude hit cin cd sy nd lyc eiia mdi giang vien giang dgy hgc phin nghifp vy su pham dugc phan cdng Ben canh dd cin cd su cgng lac ciia nhiiu bd phan khdc ma ngudi ehi huy cua sy gin kit cdng tac Id Idnh dgo nha Irudng, edn vin dl tham muu Id ehiie, quan li de gin kit la vife eua bg phan ehuyen trach Td chirc thyc hanh miu dao tao nghifp vy su phgm: Thyc hanh theo miu eua giang vien dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm la mdl phuomg phap dao tgo din din sy sang tgo eua sinh vien, Trong hoan eanh ldp ddng, giang vien it, co sd val chit thiiu thon, phuang phdp giang dgy liy ngudi hgc lam tmng tam cdn nhiiu hgn chl thi vife thyc hanh miu cua giang vien vln giii: mdt vai trd quan trgng, - Xay dyng ddi ngii giao vien thyc hanh tir ddi ngii giao vien gidi cua eae tmdng phd thdng: Day eiing la mdt each thyc hifn vifc lam miu ma ngudi thyc hifn la gido vien gidi eiia cac tmdng phd thdng va tmdng mim non, Mdi giao vien gidi phd thdng bao cdo kinh nghifm, giang mau la vife lau da duge nhieu tmdng su phgm thyc hifn Nhung can phai td chiirc ddi ngu mdt lyc lugng, cd sinh hogt, cd sy bdi dudng ve chuyen mdn, nghifp vy va cd djnh miie kinh phi bdi dudng lao ddng phii hgp, tranh tinh trgng chi Iiic cin thi mdi, Trong 100 can bd quan li va giang vien Dgi hgc Su phgm TPHCM dugc phdng 35 86 34 ndm 2012 Tap chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM vin, cd 67% ddng y phuang dn xay dyng dgi ngu giao vien thyc hdnh tir gido vien gidi ciia cac trudng phd thdng vd mam non; 76% sinh vien va 67% gido vien trung hgc phd thdng duge hdi eung ding y vdi phuang an nay, [5, 59] Nhifm vy eua thyc tgp su phgm dgt cua cae trudng su phgm chinh la thyc hifn vifc xem mau d trudng phd thdng, Tir mau giang dgy, gido dye vd cae hogt dgng nghi nghifp khae eua nhieu giao vien phd thdng ma sinh vien duge chirng kiln, sinh vien se cd sy sang tgo ciia minh Nlu ea sd thyc tap su phgm ed nhieu giao vien khd, gidi thi sinh vien se hgc hdi dugc nhieu, Xay dyng phdng thyc hanh nghifp vy su phgm chuyen nganh: Trong qua trinh hgc tai trudng su phgm, khdng phai liic ndo sinh vien cung cd diiu kifn tilp xuc vdi trudng thyc hanh hay cac tmdng thdng dl ren luyfn tay nghi, Phdng thyc hanh nghifp vy su phgm chuyen nganh Id nai sinh vien cd the den de tu rdn luyfn hay giiip rdn luyfn nghifp vy su phgm theo hinh thirc nhdm Kit qua khao sdt vl sy ein thiit xay dyng phdng thyc hanh chuyen nganh the hifn d bang 2: Bdng Sic edn thiet xdy dung phdng thicc hdnh ehuyen ngdnh [5, 60] STT Doi tugng khao sdt Can bd quan li, giang vien DHSP TPHCM Can bd quan Ii, giao vien phd thdng Sinh vien su phgm chinh quy DHSP TPHCM Giao vien mam non Bang eho thay, hau het can bg quan li va giang vien trudng Dgi hgc Su phgm TPHCM, can bg quan li va giao vien cac tmdng phd thdng, giao vien mim non va sinh vien su phgm chinh quy Dgi hgc Su phgm TPHCM dd khing djnh vifc xay dyng phdng thyc hanh chuyen nganh dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm la can thiet 3.2 Gdn kit thg-c tiin su phgm v&i thifc tiin thong Giai phap cho sy gin kit thyc tien su phgm vdi thyc tiin phd thdng da dugc ban d phin myc tieu va chuong trinh dao tgo d tren NhOmg giai phap sau day ciing 36 So lugng 87 103 194 40 Ti If % 87 91,96 96,51 100 gdp phan nang cao tinh thyc tien ciia chuang trinh dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm: Xdy dymg trucmg thirc hanh su phgm vd mgng ludi cdc tnrcmg thirc hdnh sir phgm Trudng thyc hanh trye thugc tmdng su phgm va mgng ludi cdc tmdng thyc hanh su phgm la ea sd dao tao vl nghifp vy su phgm Id khdng gian thyc hanh gin gfli, Id nai sinh vien va giang vien tiep cgn thyc tiin phd thdng Hifn nay, trudng thyc hanh da cd d mdt so tmdng su pham Nhung dl khai thac tot trudng thuc hanh hifn cd phai lam cho tmdng thyc hanh thyc hifn diy du chiic nang, Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM nhifm vy eua minh, thyc hifn diy dii nhiing diiu da dugc quy djnh quy che trudng thyc hanh su phgm Trude mat, phai xay dyng ea chl phdi hgp dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm giira cae khoa cua Irudng su phgm vdi Irudng thyc hanh de ciing thyc hifn tdt nhifm vy Hifn nay, hau het cac trudng su phgm deu cd nhieu logi hinh dao tgo giao vien eho nhieu cap hgc, nen can phai diu lu xay dyng cae trudng thyc hanh de phyc vy cho nhieu logi hinh dao tgo gido vien - Mdi gidng vien phd thdng tham gia gidng dgy mqt sd ndi dung ed lien quan den thuc tien phd thdng Ngoai vife mdi giao vien phd thdng tham gia dao tgo ve thyc hanh nhu da ndi d tren, trudng su phgm can mdi giao vien phd thdng tham gia giang dgy mdt sd ndi dung ed lien quan nhieu den thyc tien phd thdng, nhu: nhiing van de mdi ve ndi dung, chuang trinh, phuang phap Trong ITnh vyc phuomg phap ciing cd nhieu ndi dung cd the mdi hgp tae thyc hifn: phuang phap phan tich chucmg trinh va saeh giao khoa phd thdng, phuang phap khai thae sach giao vien, phuomg phap giai quyit nhumg ndi dung khd, nhiing bai khd eua chuang trinh,,,, Mdi giao vien gidi bao cao vl kinh nghifm giang dgy, kinh nghifm lam dd diing dgy hgc, kinh nghifm phin diu trd giao vien gidi, kinh nghifm lam cdng tac chii nhifm, giao dye hgc sinh ca bift,, Khdng it tmdng da mdi nhumg cyu sinh vien ciia tmdng dgt nghe nghifp ve giao luu vdi sinh vien Dieu cd tac dyng vira la sy truyin dgt kinh Trdn Thi Thu Mai nghifm thyc tiin, vira la sy kich thich dgng CO hgc tap, giao dye tinh yeu nghe eho sinh vien, Dua gidng vien suphgm thdm nhgp thicc tien phd thdng, ddc bi$t la lue luang tre Vifc tham nhdp thyc ll phd thdng de nam bat thyc lien la yeu cau bat bugc ddi vdi giang vien nghifp vy su phgm Da cd thdi ki, mdl sd trudng su phgm bd tri cho nhiing giang vien tre mdi tham gia giang dgy dugc vl tmdng phd thdng giang dgy mdl hgc ki Day la yeu cau chung ddi vdi til ea giang vien tre chii khdng rieng gi giang vien phy trdeh bd mdn nghifp vy su phgm Vife tham nhap f^ f f thyc tien phd thdng rat cd y nghTa ddi vdi giang vien su phgm, dae bift la lye lugng giang vien tre Ket hop hinh thuc ren luyfn ki nang nghifp vu su pham theo hgc che tin chi va nien che dao t^o nghiep vu su ph^m Tir nam hgc 2010-2011, sinh vien su phgm duge dao tao theo hgc che tin chi tgi cae tmdng su phgm Cai khd khan nhit eiia vifc dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm theo hgc che tin chi la viee td chiec ren luyen kT ndng nghiep vu eho sinh vien Vi, vl nguyen tic, mdi hgc phin vifc dgy li thuyit va thyc hanh ren luyfn kT nang phai tiin hanh ggn mgt hgc ki Ren luyfn kT nang la mdt qua trinh, cd kha dai, Vi vay, vife thyc hifn hgc phan: Ren luyen nghiep vu su phgm thudng xuyen van phai theo each cua nien ehe, van chia taeh cac edng dogn, danh gid timg cdng dogn, sinh vien hoan xong 37 Tap chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM cdc cdng doan do, td bg mdn ho§c khoa se danh gid, tdng hgp diem hgc phin ndy eho sinh vien (nlu hgc phin ndy dugc dua vao ehuong trinh dao tgo) Sau dap irng dugc diiu kifn tidn quyet eiia cac hgc phan thyc lap su pham lhi sinh vien dugc di thyc lgp su phgm, chu khdng dirt khodt Id hgc ki cuoi cua qua trinh dao tgo Hgc phin thyc tap su phgm hifn eiia cdc khoa Trudng Dgi hgc Su phgm TPHCM ddo tgo lheo hgc chl tin ehi tir ndm hgc 20102011 da thiit kl lhanh mgt hgc phin gdm lin ehi bit bude thugc khdi kien thire ehuyen nghifp va sinh vien dugc thuc hifn thda man cdc diiu kifn tien quyet eiia hgc phan (Dd lich luy tir 100 tin chi trd len va Ii luan dgy hgc mdn hgc), Vifc td chiirc eho sinh vien di thyc tap, chii yeu nen theo hinh thiic giri thdng, nlu sinh vien ddng cd the lap dugc doan thyc tap thi cd the lap cac doan thyc tap giang vien su phgm lam tmdng doan, Xay dung moi trudng su pham, moi trudng van hda chat lugng trudng SV pham / Xdy dg'ng moi tru&ng suphgm Ndng lye su phgm eua sinh vien khdng chi d tri thurc, kT nang su phgm ma edn d tu thi, tac phong su phgm, phim chit, dgo dire su phgm, Nhiing diiu cung cin dugc dao tgo, ren luyfn Mdi trudng van hda su phgm la mgt nhumg diiu kifn ein thiit dl thyc thi vifc Mdi trudng su phgm la mdi trudng chuin myc md phgm, Sy chuin myc md 38 86 34 ndm 2012 phgm ndy dugc the hifn d nhieu phuang difn, tir val chit tdi linh thin, tir ngudi ldi hodn canh thien nhien Tat ca dlu the hifn sy dung din, chuan myc, Dd Id mgt mdi irudng cd tinh Ii tudng, Trong hodn canh miu myc dd, ngudi rit dl phin diu, ren luyfn sy miu myc ciia minh Phin diu de cd dugc mgt mdi trudng su phgm khdng de chut ndo, nhung khdng thi khdng lam, khdng the khdng phin dau 5.2 Xdy di/mg moi tru&ng vdn hda chat luprng tru&ng suphgm van hda chit lugng thudng dugc gin liin vdi mdi tmdng van hda chit lugng, Khi xay dung dugc mdi tmdng su phgm ciing chinh la da xay dyng dugc mdi tmdng van hda chat lugng trudng su phgm, De tgo dugc mdi tmdng su phgm, mdi trudng van hda chat lugng can lam nhumg vifc co ban sau: Phdi bien qud trinh ddo tgo cua trirang sir phgm tra thdnh qud trinh ttf y ddo tgo, cd vifc tu ddo tgo ve nghiep vg sic phgm ciia sinh vien suphgm Day la mgt vin dk hit sure quan trgng, Mudn lam dugc vifc nay, nha tmdng (trye tilp la cac khoa) phai lam eho sinh vien nhgn thirc dugc tam quan trgng ciia nghifp vy su phgm nhihig pham chat cua nha giao Day la phuomg tifn hanh nghi quan trgng tuong lai cua hg - Phdi bien vifc ddo tgo nghiep vu su phgm, mgc tieu chdt luang ddo tgo nghiep vu tra thdnh mdi quan tdm ehung eua truang suphgm Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Mudn ed chat lugng nghifp vy su phgm tdt phai cd su tac ddng eua ea hf thdng Tir muc lieu, ngi dung dao lao, each day eua thay -> giang vien, each hgc cua trd -> sinh vien, dieu kifn co sd r t w vat chat, thiet bj den each thirc td chirc, quan li, ehi dgo tgi cac irudng su pham hien deu phai dugc liep tuc ddi mdi Cd ddi mdi, mdi tgo dugc sy lac ddng cua ea hf thdng, mdi bien nhifm vy va qua trinh dao tgo vl nghiep vy su phgm cua trudng su phgm trd nhifm vy, trd mdi quan lam ehung ciia mgi lhanh \'ien trudng sir phgm Day la yeu Id rat quan trgng quyet djnh chat lugng dao tgo, dd cd phan nghifp vy su phgm, Ddu tu* tai chinh hpp li cho dao tao nghiep vu su pham 6.1 Xdy dung ca sd vgt chdt phgc vg ddo tgo nghiip vg suphgm Co sd vat chat, thiet bj phyc vy dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm van cdn thieu nhieu 43% giang vien va can bd quan Ii, 55,7% sinh vien dugc phdng vin cho rang thiet bj dgy hgc chuyen nganh, thiet bj edng nghf thdng tin edn thieu nhiiu Tai lifu tham khao ve nghifp vy su phgm cdn thieu, giao trinh van ehua dii cho sinh vien hgc tap [5, 67] Vife xay dyng cac phdng thyc hanh nghifp vy su phgm chuyen nganh eua cac khoa, trang thiet bj phyc vy eho dao tgo nghifp vy su pham eiing dang can sy diu tu khdng nhd vl kinh phi, Trudng thyc hanh trye thudc Trdn Thi Thu Mai Irudng su pham va mang ludi cac trudng thyc hanh nim ngodi trudng su phgm cung can ed sy dau lu kinh phi hgp li Khdng ed co sd val chal tdt khdng the ed chat lugng nghifp vu su phgm tuong irng 6.2 Boi du&ng cong tde ddo tgo nghifp vg suphgm Kinh phi chi boi dudng eho lyc lugng tham gia dao tao ve nghifp vy su phgm khdng nhd Vi dy, chi cho thyc lap su phgm, thyc hanh su phgm, ren luyfn nghifp vy su pham thudng xuyen, Hifn nay, vife ehi eho sinh vien, giang vien ren luyfn nghifp vy su phgm thudng xuyen rat il, hau nhu khdng cd Cdng tae td chue nhiing hdi thi ve nghifp f y vy su phgm cung rat khd khan ve kinh phi, Quy djnh ve ehi lieu cho ren luyfn nghifp vy su phgm eiia Bd Giao dye va Dao tgo nhirng van ban hifn hanh hifn vln edn nhiing dieu bat hgp li, nhin ehung rat thap, can dieu ehinh eho hgp li ban Trong qua trinh dao tgo giao vien, ehiing ta phai tinh den van de nghifp vy su phgm tir dau va phai duge Idng ghep, tieh hgp sudt qua trinh dao lao, Nhiing yeu ciu eua md hinh dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm tgi cac trudng su phgm dugc neu tren can duge tien hanh mdt each ddng bd de nang eao chat lugng dao tgo nghifp vy su phgm ndi rieng va chit lugng dao tgo giao vien ndi chung ede tmdng su phgm hifn 39 Tap chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM 86 34 ndm 2012 Ghi ehu: Bdi viit dua Iren hdo cdo vd so li^u cita di tdi nghien ciru khoa hqc vc cdng ngh? cdp Bq, md sd: B2()07.19.20: "Xay dyng md hinh dao tao nghifp vu su phgm ta Trudng Dgi hgc Su phgm TPHCM" TAI L I $ U THAM K H A O Tran Thj Thu Mai (2005), Vi viC'c cdn ihiil Id chiec ren luy^n nghidp vu su phgm Ihuang xuyen cho sinh vien Dgi hqc Su phgm Thdnh Hd Chi Minh, Hgi thao "Lien kit dao tgo nghifp vu cho sinh vien su pham Dai hgc Su phgm TPHCM" thang 12-2005, Khoa Tam li Giao dye Trudng Dgi hgc Su pham TPHCM Tran Thj Thu Mai (2006), Md hinh kiin thicc dgy hqc hi^u qud Hgi thao "Ddo tao nghifp vy su phgm tai cac trirdng Dgi hgc Su phgm" thdng 4-2006, Vifn Nghien curu Giao dye - Trudng Dgi hgc Su pham TPHCM Tran Thj Thu Mai (2007), Ndng cao vai Ird cua trudng thuc hdnh cdng tac ddo * y tgo nghidp vu su phgm tgi Trudng Dgi hqc Su phgm Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, Hfi thao "Trudng Thyc hdnh vdi vin de dao tao nghifp vy cua cac tmdng su pham'' thdng 4-2007, Vifn Nghien ciiu Giao dye - Trudng Dgi hgc Su pham TPHCM Michel Develay (1998), Mqt sd vdn 4e ye ddo tgo gido vien, (Nguyen Ki Vu Vdn Tdo, Phan Huru Chan bien djch), Nxb Giao due Doan Trgng Thiiu (Chu nhifm dk tai), Trin Thj Thu Mai (2009), Xdy dirng md hinh ddo tgo nghiep vu suphgm tgi Trudng Dgi hqc Suphgm Thdnh phd Hd Chi Mink (Ma sdB2007.19,20), (Ngiy Tda so^n nh$n di/Qtc bii: 11-10-2011; ngiy chip nh$n ding: 10-02-2012) 40