sy CAN THIET TO CHLTC DAY HOC tHtOHIIflNGPHAITIIllNltlNANGItllGTAPItllPTACCHOSlVllllflAIHilGSIlPHIIM O This NGUYEN TH! THANH" K'''' ndng hge tdp hgp tde (KNHTHT) ddng vol frd quan trgng frong qud frinh h[.]
s y CAN THIET TO CHLTC DAY HOC tHtOHIIflNGPHAITIIllNltlNANGItllGTAPItllPTACCHOSlVllllflAIHilGSIlPHIIM O This NGUYEN TH! THANH" K ' ndng hge tdp hgp tde (KNHTHT) ddng vol frd quan trgng frong qud frinh hge top; nd giup ngudi hge dS ddng hon v l i c Hm k i l m fri thi/c, q u y l t djnh kel qud hgc tdp vd frinh ddo tgo cua hg Dde biet ddi vdi sinh v l i n suphgm (SVSP), Kt^HTtHT cdn tdc ddng Idu ddi tdi sy phdt friln n g h l n g h i i p sudt ddi, dnh hudng tryc tiep chd't lugng gidng dgy vd hgc tdp d trudng phd thdng, ncri hg cdng tde sou ndy 2) Cdc Idc ddng gid trj xd hdi duong dgl Cde tde ddng gid fri x d hdi duong dgl nhu kinh te, vdn hda, khoa hge kT thudt vd thdng tin phdt friln nhanh chdng, phuc tgp; ddi hdi mgl nhu cdu edp thiet ddo Igo nhung gido v i i n tuong lal phdi cd nhung KNHTHT vd truyin dgt nhi/ng KNHTHT Bdi, hg phdi Id ngudi chO ddng, tfeh eye b i l t thiet top ede Hnh thdn hgp tde vd edc y tirong sdng tgo ngoy frong nhd frudng d l ddp Sy cdn i h i e l d a y hoe (DH) theo hudng ung su phdt friln xd hgl Dde b l i t , hg ed vol frd p h d i friln KNHTHT cho SVSP frgng trdch Id ddo tgo lye lugng nhiJng chu nhdn 1} Bdn chat cua xa hdi Id hgp tdc Hgp tdc h/ong toi eho ddt nude, b i l t Idm chO nhiJng KN dien frong mgi h'nh vyc kinh te, chinh frj, xd cdng nghe cao vd cd khd ndng i h l l t Idp nhi/ng hdi , vd ngoy frong bdn ihdn moi ngt/dl, eo sd hgp tdc xd hdi nhu sdn xudt; djch vy; hgp tde eung Id bdn chd't sinh hge h/nhien (1) Sy frong tdi chinh, kinh doonh phy thudc Ian dlSn ro t r i n todn cdu, frong 3) Phuong thuc DH theo h$ thd'ng tin cbl moi qudc gia, khu vyc, cdng ddng, Id vd'n d l hien Trong hge tdp c h u y i n nghiep, vdi cd'p t h i l t cua thdi dgl Trong d d , kT ndng (KN) nhiJng kli'n thue chuyen ngdnh sdu rdng mang hgp tdc Id mgt dgng KN rd't quan frgng doi vdi tfnh hdn Idm, mudn dgt dugc k i t qud td't eon ngudi, nd quyet djnh tdi su thdnh bgi cua hgc tdp ddi hdi SV phdi cd y thue mgnh me moi cd nhdn frong cudc sd'ng Tuy n h i i n , mdt thdi cua sy hgp tdc vd cd K N hgp Ide hgc glan ddi frong Ijch su gido dye chung ta khdng tdp Bdl hgp tde Id su lucmg ho, giup d d Idn chu y hinh thdnh cde KN ndy cho SV Trong DH cung tli'n b g , d o n g thdi cung eung chfnh dgi hoc (DH), md'i quan h i h w n g tdc, hd frg, giup Id vu khf d l cgnh tranh d l vuon t i n giua cdc d d v d phy thude Ian gii/a SV-SV khdng dugc thdnh v l i n nhdm vd cde nhdm vdi ehu frgng N g o y cd quan h i GV- SV mang ndng Hnh truyen ihd'ng q u y I n uy, ihu t>ge Idm cho hgp Dgc b i i l , phuong ihi/c DH bdc DH theo tfn chi h i i n nay, SVSP phdi cd tinh dde Idp, ty tdc frong hge Idp dien khdng ehdt che SV khdng ddm chu ddng giao Hip, frao ddi, tu vd'n chu, sdng tgo, / thdi gion Id ty hge vd Idm cDa GV n h l l u GV ehuo ddnh thdi glan cho viec v l i c theo nhdm N l u SV khdng cd KNHTTH chia ndy, dde biet froo d d i , hudng ddn SV ngodi g i d se, ehung sue vdi hgc Idp thi khd frin Idp; ddn d i n SV thy ddng thieu, yeu KN hgp mong ndm vung nhijng kli'n ihue, KN d l c6 tdc, gidm di sy hdi hod, mgt thilt vd finh cdm the hodn thdnh nhiem vy hgc tdp vd hdnh dgng frong DH Chfnh vi vdy, phdt t r i l n KN hgp tdc bdt thyc te vd d d eung Id mgt sy t h i l u hyt ddu h> nhung KNHHT Id mdt mye fieu quan trgng gido dye khd chd'p nhgn frong ede Irt/dng DH N d tqo sy hgp nhdl phdt 4) Ddp dng yiu cdu cua chuSn ddu frien fri tue vd KN song ddp ung y i u edu xd hoi, Chuong trinh DH djnh hudng chudn ddu ddng thdi khdng ehi phdt t r i l n d SV k i l n thi/c, (outcomes besed curlculum - OBC) hoy nd rgng KN ehuyen mdn sdu rdng md cdn cdn Isdng v l hon Id djnh hudng k i t qud ddu ra, ggi Id gido sue khoe, Hnh thdn, tinh cdch, hgp tde, khd ndng dye diiu Idiien dau dugc bdn d i n Kr ddu nhung hge tdp sudt ddi vd phdt friln lain vOng * Trvciig B9I liQC Hdig He Tap chi Blao due so (fcn-a/aoia) ndm eua the kl XX vd ngdy cdng nhdn dugc sy quan tdm cuo nhieu qudc gia Viet Nam (2), frong nhiJng ndm gdn ddy, quan diem ndy cung diroc Ong hd rdng rdi Hdu h i t td't cd cdc frudng DH frong cd nude deu xdy d y n g vd edng b d rdng rdi frin ede website cuo frudng ve chudn ddu ro cuo frudng minh Chuong trinh DH djnh hudng ddu quy djnh kel qud ddu mong muon cua qud frinh ddo tgo, tren co sd d d duo ro hudng ddn chung ve v l i c lya chgn ndi dung phuong phdp, vd td chuc ddnh g i d k i t qud ddu ro theo mong mudn Ct cdc Irudng DHSP frong ed nude, chudn ddu mong mudn dugc cdng I M ngodi edc myc fiiu klen thue, K N , ngogi ngu, Hn hge, d I u ed «KN Idm v i i e cung nhau, KN chio s i vd hgp tdc" Vi v d y , v i i e to ehue DH theo hudng phdt trien KNHTHT Id mdt frong nhCrng b i i n phdp thyc h i i n thdnh edng chudn ddu ddp ung yeu cdu mong muon cuo cde Irudng DHSP Dde t n m g eo b d n cua DH theo h u d n g p h d t trign KNHTHT 1) Myc tliu DH So vdi gidng d g y truyen ihd'ng, myc Hiu cOa DH theo h u d n g phdt trien KNHTHT Id mdt edi t i l n mong Ifnh dot p h d , phd v d edc djnh hudng t r u y i n thd'ng trudc ddy N d t h i h i i n tfnh todn d l | n hon, cdn tidng hon frong DH D d td khdng ehi tdp trung vdo p h d i trien trf tu$, K N tuong u n g vd t h i chd't md edn ehu y tdi chd't lugng eugc sd'ng, tdi tinh thdn, nhu cdu vdt mdi Irudng hgp tdc, thdn t h i i n vd hinh thdnh K N sd'ng luong lai eua ngudi hgc DH theo hudng phdt friln KNHTHT mdt mdt chO I r g n g myc H i u phdt trien tri thuc, K N khoa hgc; mdt khdc phdt friln d ngudi hge nhung KN hgp tde, Idm v l f c , hS t r g Ian hgc tdp, hudng v d o vl^c chudn bi sdm viee ihieh u n g v d i d d i sd'ng x d h g l , hod n h d p , phdt trii'n cdng d d n g v d hdnh Irong nghe n g h i i p tuong lai D d y Id mye Hiu k i p D H ; nd tdm cho md'l quan h i DIH dugc cdi t h i i n vdi sy khdm phd klioa hgc d d y sy d'm d p , thdn t h i i n , h d frg Ian sy tuong tdc g i u a G V - HS; HS - HS, td d d g i u p SV ndm fri thue de d d n g vd sdu sdc hon 2) Hoat d^ng cua GV DH hudng vdo phdt trl^n KNHHT a) Thief kicde nhlim vy, cdc finh hudng HTHT eho SV: Khdc vdi DH fruyin thd'ng, DH hudng vdo phdt friln KNHTHT khdng chi coi frgng tdc Tap chi Blao due so (in i • 3/aoia) dgng qua Igi giUa thdy vd frd md ndl bdt Id coi frgng md'i quan h i phy thudc Hch eye cuo SV SV Trong d d , hogt ddng thief ke ede nhiem vy, cdc tinh hudng HTHT cho S V c u a GV frong qud frinh td chuc DH ed y nghTa quan frgng Trien khai td chue DH theo hudng phdt t r i l n KNHTHT cho SV d bgc DH, GV trude h i t phdi thiet kidugc cde nhiem vy hgp tdc hge tdp, ddy Id edng v i i e quan trgng dnh hudng tryc Hep tdi su thdnh cdng cua qua trinh DH Bdi «HTHT" chf dugc ndy sinh SV gidi quyet nhiem vy hgc tdp gdp phdi chudng nggi, khd khdn, vd't vd khdng gidi quyet duge Hg ed nhu cdu hgp tde de duge ho t r g , chia se, g i u p d o hay phdi hgp de hodn thdnh Do vdy, viec thiet ke nhiem vy hgp tdc ddi hdi GV phdi ed tri ihuc sdu rdng, cd KN t h i l t ke, cd nghe thudt su phgm frong v i i e «uy thdc" edc tri thuc cdn dgy vdo nhiem vy hgc tgp cuo SV, tgo mdi trudng hgp tdc (ggi tdt Id n h l i m vy hgp Idc) Cdn' c u vdo myc fiiu hgc tdp, GV n g h i i n cuu ndi dung vd cdc tdi lieu gidng dgy, lua ehgn nhung tri thue «uy' ihdc" nd vdo nhung n h l i m vy hgp tde tgo ro nhCrng thdeh thdc h/ duy, nhu edu ham mudn gidi q u y l t vd'n de eua SV Trong qud frinh t h i l t ke n h l i m vy, GV phdi thd'u h i l u SV phdi dy dodn frudc dugc nhung khd khdn vudng mde cuo SV frong qud trinh gidi quyet nhiem vy; phdi xdc djnh n h l i m vy ddng nhd't hoy khde giua cdc nhdm, d y kien thdi glan hodn thdnh nhiem vy vd phuong thue td chuc hogt ddng eua SV di ed the hodn thdnh n h l i m vy Khi thiet ke n h l i m vy hgp tde, edn ehu -y dgt di/ge y i u cdu ed muc Idid dd'i vdi ed nhdn eo ndng lye, nhung vua sue dd'i vdi sy hgp tdc eua nhdm vd doi hdi phdt huy eao tinh tuong trg, phy ihuge Idn giua cdc thdnh vien Ngodi ro, nhiem vy hgp tde phdi chua dyng nhung fri thuc frgng tdm, khdng rdi rge, phdi xoay xung quanh mdn hgc, rd rdng, ey ihe cd Hnh ggi md, Ichdng g d tjo phO hgp vdi mdn bgc vd thdi glan hgc tdp V i i e giao vd b i l u dgt nhiem vy hgp tde cung khdng kem phdn quan frgng V i vdy, G V cdn ed n g h i thudt su phgm k i t hgp vdi khd ndng khai thdc cde tinh ndng cua cdng nghe thdng fin vd cdc phuong Hen kTthudt h i i n dgl khdc, bien n h l i m vu hgp tdc thdnh nhu cdu, thu cdn gidi q u y l t vd'n dl eua SV - cd nhu thdnh cdng DH vdy mdi ddm IDOO sy b) Nghiin cuu cdc kesach chia nhdm vd chia nhdm hge tap Xuyin sudt qud trinh HTHT Id hogt ddng nhdm Do d d , sou thiet k l nhiem vy hgp tdc GV n g h i i n cuu ede k l sdch chia nhdm de phdn chia nhdm HTHT eho tdioo hgc vd phu hgp Cdn xdc dinh kich thudc nhdm Id I M O nhieu; tdn tgi thdi gion ddi cd djnh hay tgm thdi; thdi gion hodn thdnh nhlim vy cuo nhdm; k l hogch Idm viec Trong linh luc td chCrc HTHT, hdu hit ede chuyin gia deu ddng y rdng quy md cua nhdm cdng nhd thi muc tham gio vd tuong tdc cua SV cdng coo Nhdm hgp tdc n i n cd kich thudc h> - d ngudi Id phu hgp vd frong nhdm n i n cd sy khdc ve «chd't" vd giiJa cdc nhdm thi ddng «chdt" Trong nhdm nen khdc ve ndng luc; gldl Hnh; hodn cdnh gia dinh; vung, mien sd'ng I^hdm da dgng «sdc, mdu" se tgo sy binh ddng, thdn t h i i n , ho trg Ian giUa cdc thdnh v l i n , ddng thdi moi thdnh v i i n cd co hgl the hien uu t h i ciJa bdn thdn GV eung cdn dy kien vd khdng c h i thdi gion hgp tdc eOa SV that khoa hgc de qud frinh hgp tde d i l n ro khdng chdm chgp, eung khdng d i l n qud nhanh c h i l u l i , hinh thuc Tuy nhien, td chue DH theo hudng phdt trien KNHTHT cung ddt yeu edu: GV mudn phdt t r i l n dugc KNHTHT cdn phdi phdi hgp dgng cdc kT thudt t h i l t k l nhdm Cd nhu vdy SV mdi cd nhiJng eo hdi frdi n g h i i m vd ren luyin phdt frien edc KN Trong qud frinh friln khai, tuj* vdo nhung muc khd cua nhiem vy, vdo mde d g t h i l u vo y l u nhCrng KNHTHT eua SV s i ed luc xudt hien nhiJng khd Widn, rd'l nhieu ngodi f mudn cdn frd d i n sy hgp tdc frong hgc tdp Vi vdy, GV phdi thdm nhdp vdo nhdm, quan sdt H mf qud frinh hgp tdc cua ede thdnh v i i n de chdn dodn, phdt hien nhung vd'n d l cdn tdn tgi frong qud frinh hgp tde, tu d d lya chgn nhung b i i n phdp dilu hdnh mgt edeh ehde chdn vd x d ti kjp thdi nhdm ddm bdo hoat ddng hgp tdc nhdm dien ro nhjp nhdng vd hieu qud 3} Hogt dgng cua SV DH hudng vdo phdt trien KNHTHT Trong DH theo hudng phdt frien KNHTHT, SV khdng chi Idm viec mgt minh md ludn hogt dgng frong mdt nhdm ey t h i Vi vdy, yeu cdu ddu Hin Id hg phdi e6 KN thdnh Idp nhdm, bii't nhdn vd phdn edng nhlim vy mgt cdch hgp If cho cdc thdnh vien frong nhdm, b i l t l i n k l hoqch hogt ddng vd d u kiln thi^' glan hodn thdnh sdn phdm cua nhdm MolSVtfchcyc,fim tdi, nghiin cuu gidi quyet edc nhiem vy Hm ro kiln thuc, tgo sdn phdm txin ddu mong tfnh ed nhdn Hogt dgng filp theo mdi SV Id ty frinh bdy sdn phdm ed nhdn; h/ t h i h i i n minh qua sy froo ddi, chia se, hgp tdc vdi cdc bgn nhdm Moi thdnh vien phdi cd sy tfch eye, cd trdch nhl$m cd nhdn coo, son sdng chia s i ddng gdp tgo thdnh mgt sdn phdm ehung hodn chinh mang tfnh tgp the Ket qud cua nhdm phy thudc vdo k i t qud Idm viec eua tung thdnh v i i n , sdn phdm Idm vlic cOa nhom ehinh Id tdng hgp ket qud Id v i i e eua tung thdnh v i i n Trong qud frinh Idm v i i e moi thdnh v l i n deu cd frdeh nhiem ho frg, giup d d , ddng v l i n , khuyln khich, cijng nhu nhde nhd hodn thdnh nhlim vy dung tli'n Hg phdi nhdn thue sdn phd'm eua nhdm Id sy tong hgp no lye cuo Kmg thdnh v i i n K i t qud kiem fra bd't ki mgt thdnh v l i n ndo frong nhdm deu co t h i Id kel qud Idm v i i e cua cd nhdm (cd y thuc dugc nhu vdy, SV mdi thyc sy tfch eye h/ gide frong v i i e tgo dugc sy phy thuoc ehdt che Ian giua cdc thdnh viin) c} Td ehuc, dieu Uiiin, cd van, giup dd SV frong qud frinh HTHT Trong qud trinh td chue DH iheo hudng phdt frien KNHTKT, GV ludn phdi thoy ddi vol trd cuo minh, Id ngudi d i l u k h i l n , luc Id ngudi hgp tde; Id ngudi cd vu, ddng vien; ngucn quan sdt GV cdng thdm nhdp vdo nhieu hogt ddng cua SV cdng duo duge n h l l u nhi/ng chi dgo thieh ddng Hogt dgng cuo GV dugc xdy dyng fren co sd hogt ddng eua SV Thdy trd phdt huy td'l da tfnh h'eh eye dya fren sy hgp tde mdt thiet GV phdi ludn giiJ mgl Hnh thdn binh ddng, hCru nghj vd ed Hnh xdy d y n g ; khdng eon d y qud n h i l u vdo qud frinh hgc tdp eua SV, cung khdng the bdng quan 4) Kiem tra, ddnh gid Sou k i t thuc hogt vdi nhijng khd khdn vd vudng mde eua SV Vdi ddng hgp tdc, GV phdi to ehuc eho SV td'ng k i t tu edeh Id ngudi d i l u khien, n h l i m vy cuo GV Id kinh n g h i i m vd bdo edo k i t qud, ddng thdi ddng xdy d y n g mdt bdu khdng khf Idp hgc hdi hod, vai frd Id ngudi binh xet, ddnh gid Khdc vdi DH vui ve thodi mdi, hogt dgng nhjp nhdng tgo hen fruyin thdng, DH hudng vdo phdt friln KNHTHT thu, dgng co thue ddy ham mudn hgp tde khdng Idy thdnh tfeh ed nhdn tdm cdn eu ddnh hgc tdp (Xem flip trang 21} Tap ehi Blao due s6 (k* i • a/aoia) bdo v i chdn ti, Ijdo v i te phdi vd phuong phdp Idm v i i e khoa hgc cOa GV V l i c gidng dgy edng ddm lado Hnh Ddng, tinh khoa hgc boo n l i l i u thi edng Idm tdng tinh hieu qud cuo viee gido dye, bdi dudng Hnh cdm, niem Hn vd If tudng b ^ n h l i u T r i n eo sd ndi dung eo bdn eOa timg chu d l , frong tung ha\ gidng, G V cdn bdm sdt ndi dung quan diem eua Ddng, ^ vf dy thye Hen the gtdt vd frong nude hien d l ngudi hge t h ^ duge sy phdt friln ndi dung d d d vdn kien Dgi hgl E)dng todn quae, d Nghj q u y l t Trung uong, tu d d cOng c d n i l m Hn vdo chu nghia x d hdi ndl chung v d sy nghiep ddi mdi ctla nude ta ndi rieng Ben cgnh d d , mudn cung c d n i l m Hn cho hgc vien mdt cdch h l i u q u d , edn su dyng nhieu hinh thuc gidng dgy khde nhau: ten Idp, seminar, thdo ludn, tham quan thyc le, Idp dugt nghiin cuu khoa hgc de khuyln khieh ngudi hgc tich eye tham gia vdo qud trinh dgy hgc, khich l | hg nghl ihdt, ndi thdi, gdn lien Hnh cdm, Hnh thdn p h i phdn khoa hgc vd! Hnh thdn trdch n h l i m edng ddn vi doe Idp ddn tde vd chu nghia x d hdi Tdm tgi, mdn CNXHKH co vai trd to idn frong h6\ dudng n i l m Hn cdng sdn eho SV cdc frudng Sir can thiet to Chile cao d d n g , dgi hge D l phdt huy vai frd d d , moi GV giang dgy mdn hgc ndy cdn Hm nhung cdch thuc v d bien phdp phu hgp vdi khd ndng cua minh vd dd'i tugng dgy hgc ey t h i fren co sd nhung djnh hudng co han n i u frin, Q Tai li^u tham khao i Gi^o trinh Chu nghia x^ h$i khoa hpc NXB Chinh tri qu&c gia - Sv thdt, H 2010 van ki^n dai hOibing todn quffc lln thirXI NXB Chinh tri qudc gia - Sit thdt, H 2011 HQC vi^n Chinti tri 160 n3m tuy£n ngOn D&ng c