Tình hình xuất khẩu hàng dệt may sang mỹ của công ty dệt may hà nội

N T HA5* i PLIAM TFI| NHUNG A8 - K40B - KTNT : TH.G NGUYGN XUAN NU’ HA MUC LUC L6i mfi dau Chuong 1: Tong quan vé thi truimg hang dét may MQ J Khoi qiizit thi tru:éng fizing dét msy M 1.1 Nhiing dac diém cua thi truong hang det may My 1.1.1 iii truéng co siic mua l6n - - 1.1.2 Thi truong co nhu cdu da dang 1.1.3 Thi tracing co tinh canh tranh cao .6 1.2 Tiem uang nha' p khau ciia thi trirong My Tinh hinh nhcip khtiu hiing dét may cua thi triiéng M j Kim ngach nhap kh;Iu Nlifiiri hang det .10 2.1.2 Nhfim hang may mac .12 2.2 Cac nuoc xuat khau hang det may vao thi trvong My 16 2.3 He thGng kénh phan phoi trén thi tracing hang dét may My .19 2.4.Chinh s‹ach quan ly nhdp khau hang dét may cua My I 2.4 Chinli sach tliue“ 2.4.2 Quy dinh ve han ngach va visa 22 2.4.3 Quy ainh ve xufit xtr 24 2.4.4 Quy dinh ve nhan hie‘u 25 2.4.5 Quy clinli ve hang de’ ch:iy .27 Chuong 2: Tinh hinh xu:it kh:in hang dét may sang thi tririing My' ciia Cong ty Dét May Ha Noi 28 Gi‹ii thiéu cfittttg ré Ccing ty Dét /lfiiy I:lb Nett 28 1.1 Licli sir hinh v‹i ph:it trie'n .28 1.2 Nhiliig ne’t cc ban ve CGng ty De:t May Ha Nfii .28 1.2.1 Ngufin von 28 1.2.2 Nhdn luc 29 1.2.3 Cfing nghé 30 1.2.4 Mat hang san xudt kinh doanh 31 1.2.5 Thi truong xuat khau chinh 32 1.3 Finh hinh hoat dong kinh doanh ciia cfing ty 33 1.3.1 Ke‘l qu:i kinh doanh chung ?3 I 3.2 Hoat cIong xuat khau ciia cfing ty 35 Tinh hinh x:uii‘t khiiu hiing dét may ciia ccing ty sang thi trii’eng Mj 45 2.1 Nhfmg thuAn loi vfi khfi khan ciia cfing ty xuat khdu hang det may vao thi trvctng My - 45 2.1.1 Thuan loi -45 1.2 Khfi khan 46 2.2 Cac buoc thuc hie‘n cong t:ic xuat khau cua cong ty 46 2.2 Nghic:n ciiu thi tru©ng 46 2.2.2 Ky ket hop dong xuat khau 47 2.2.3 Thuc hien hop dong 47 2.2.4 Thanh khoan hop dong .49 2.3 Kim ngach xu:it khdu 49 2.3.1 Kim ngach xudt khau chung .49 2.3.2 Kim ngach xudt khdu theo cc cau mat hang .51 2.4 Gia hang de’t may xudt khau sang thi truéing My ciia cfing ty .54 2.5 Tinh hinh thuc hien han ngach xuat khau cua cong ty 55 2.6 Phuong thiic xu:it kh:iu cua cfing ty 56 2.7 C‹ac khiicli h‹ang 16n cua cong ty .57 2.8 Mfit so danh gia ve tinh hinh xuat khau hang det may sang thi tiuong My ciia Cong ty Det May Ha Nfii 59 2.8.1 Nhfmg th h tuu dat duoc 60 2.8.2 Nhiing mat han che“ l Chuong 3: Miit sit gi:ii ph:ip nh:tin day manh xu:it kh:iu hang dét may sang thi trubng My cfia Cling ty Dét May Ha Noi .62 Muc tiéu phat trié’n ’a ccing Iy théi gran téi 62 1.1 Cac muc tie‘u dat cho cong ty de"n nam 2010 62 1.2 Muc tieu xu t khsu sang thi truong My den nam 2010 .63 Csc gicli ph‹ip dcii r‹ii doanh nghiép 64 Giam ty Ie: nguye‘n lie‘u nhap khau 64 2.2 T:ip trung vao cfic sén phdm chdt luong cao, san pham miii nhon va san pham phi han ngach .65 2.3 Nang cao kha uang canh tranh cua s:in pham .66 2.4 Tim hieu trip quan kinh doanh ctia thuong nhan My 67 2.5 Xdy dimg doi ngG cac nha thie“t ke“’ thoi trang chuye’n nghie‘p 68 2.6 Tie’p cdn vcii thuong mai dien tir 69 2.7 Dang ky bao lio dGc quye‘n nhan hie‘u .69 2.8 Nam viing thong vé c:ic dfii thii canh tranh 70 2.9 Nang cao trinh dfi to chirc san xuat de” dap ting yéu cau giao hang voi rhoi luong tin 70 10 Tang cuong xuat khilu theo hinh thiic truc tie‘p 11 Day manh thuc hie‘n c:ie bién ph:ip xiic tie’n thuong mai 12 Thuc hien trafi doi han ngach v‹ i c:ie doanh nghiép kh:ie dé tan dung toi eta kh‹i na' ng s‹in xuat 72 13 Co chuyen gia tu van ph:ip ludt 73 Mot s‹i’tién ng/ii riii nhii nu:éc , , 74 Quy hoach ph:it trien viing nguye‘n lieu, ddu tu cho c:ie nha miiy san xuat phu li(u may mac 74 3.2 Tiep tuc thti’c hién chinh sach khuyén khich xuat khau .75 3.3 Ho tro c:ic doanh nghi(p vay von .75 3.4 Ho tro cac doanh nghiep tim kiém thong tin ve’ thi truong 76 3.5 Day nhanh qua trinh gia nhdp WTO 77 Ket lu'a n 78 Tai liéu tham khao .80 Qua gan nam thuc hie‘n “chie“ n lvoc phiit tric:n nganh det may Viet Nam 2001- 2010”, nganh dét may nucrc ta dfi dat dvoc nhfmg tuu nfii bfit, trci nganh cfing nghiep mang vé nhieu ngoai té nhat cho dat n uoc, chi sau nganh diiu Vcri kim ngach xuat khau 4,5 ty USD nam 2004, vuot muc tiéu dé ra, c:ic doanh nghie‘p nganh khfing nhimg da dong gop ton vao thu nhdp qufic ddn ma tao vie’c lam cho gdn triéu lao ctong, car thien dcli song cua mot bfi phan d5n cu Khap c:ie vung mie’n tren d:it nifoc de’u co cac ‹ton vi, doanh nghiép dang hang h:ii tham gia san xuat hang dét may xuat khau Nhfmg tich dang khich Ie‘ co duoc la co nhfrng clainh each dinh huong dilng dan va c:ic bién ph:ip ho tro hie‘u quit tir phia nha nucc cfing voi su co g‹ang, no luc khfing met moi tir phia cac doanh nghic:p Mot nhfrng doanh nghie‘p da co nhfmg dong ’ rraatt tich cvc tich xuat khau cua nganh dét may nucrc ta la Cong ty Det May Ha Nfii - mot ‹t‹in vi s‹an xuat tien tién ciia thu dfi Cfing ty Det May Ha Nfii la m0t doanh nghie‘p co uy tin, truc thufic Tong cfing ty Det May Viet Nam da co nhieu nam hoat dong linh vuc Tir ldp den nay, cfing ty da sén xuat duoc nhieu mat hang dc:t way chat luong cao, ‹iuoc ngucii tieu dfing trén c:i nuoc tin tu6ng va ring hfi Voi thé manh cua mlnh, cong ty d5 mcr rong thi tru©ng nhiéu nvfic fi cac khu vuc khac va da dat dune nhfmg cong nhfit dinh Co hfii thvc su da mo cho cong ty ke' tir Hie‘p dinh thuong mai Viet Nam - Hoa Ky co hiéu lac 10/12/2001 Nhan thay thcii cc thuan lot, ’n ty da rim bien phap dé d‹iy manh xufit khau hang dét may cita minh vao thi trunng va da dat duoc nhfmg ket qué rat dang khich Ie Thi truc ng My da tro thi truong quan nhat ctia ty kim ngach thuc ng xuyén chiém Hi 609o ti‘ong tong kim ngach xuat khau cua cong ty Tuy cc hoi nao la i:it ton nhung thach thiic dat cho cfing ty cung kh0ng phai la nhfi Trong boi canh hfii nhdp quoc te“ manh me" nhv hién ciing v6i xu thé canh tranh tu gifra c:ic quoc gia va diic biét la voi ap luc th vi(c b5i bfi han ngach dét may gifra c:ic vie‘n ciia to chuc thvnng mai thé gi6i dltu nam 2005, cong ty cén co su chuan bi chu dao ve moi mat dé diiiig vfm• v‹a ph‹a t ii ten tren thi truén tin nhat the gioi Trong khoa luan nay, em mong muon diroc nghie‘n ctiu tinh hinh xuiit khdu h rig dét may sang thi truéng My cua Cfing ty Det May Ha Nfii va de mot so giai phiip nham d5y manh xufit khau hang dét may ciia cong ty sang thi truéng Trong qu‹a limit nplaién edit va viet khoa luan, em co sir dung cac phuong phap thong ké, tong hop, phan tich, so siinh va mot so phuong phap khac Khoé luan gom chiiong.Chiionz 1.- Tiing guru flit tinting hiing dét may Mj Clin on e Tinh hinh xuét Ichciu hang dét may sang thi triring Mj ciia Ccing ty Dét May II‹i Noi Chiionz 3.’ Mét sci gift phép nham day manh xuat khau hiing dét may ciia Ccing Iy Dét May Ha Nett sang thi tru:irng M j fine dti da co nhfmg co gang cong tac thu thfip tar liéu, nghie’n cilu va xay dung khoa In an nhung khoa In an ciia em khfing the tranh khfii co nhfmg thieu sot Em rat mong nhan duoc su nhan xét, gop y ciia cac th‹ay co giiio de“ em co the' sfra chfra va rfit kinh nghiem cho nhfmg bai viet sau Err xin chan cam on su gitip dfi, chi ddn tan tinh ciia co gi:to ThS Nguyen Xudn Nfr da giup em hoan khoa luan CHUONG 1.: TONG QUAN VE THJ TRUCI NG HANG DET MAY MY Kh:ii qu:it thi ti-u‘iing hang dét may My 1.1 Nhfrng d:ie diem en b:in ciia thi truiing hang dét may MQ 1.?.i Thi tru:Bug co site muzi liizi Mat hang det may la mot mat hang thiet yéu doi voi dcii song nguoi Dir cho nén kinh té co ph:it trie” n ‹ mite dfi nao di chang nfra thi ngiroi ta van phai tiéu diing hang dc:t may Co chang chi la su kh:ic o milc dfi nhieu hay it, cao cap hay binh dan Mfit ne’n kinh te” phat trién voi dan so co thu iihap cao sé l‹i wot thi trirong ly tuéng danh cho mat hang n:iy Thi tru’cing My la mot vi du dien hinh My la mot quoc gia co ne’n kinh te ph:it trién hang dau thé gioi Ti ong giai doan tir nam 1990 trci lai ddy, My lufin tri duoc toc dfi tang truong kinh té on dinh, phat hiiy vai tro d:iu tau kinh te” ciia the gioi GDP cii a My nam 2004 la 11.750 ty dfi la, chic:in 21,29o GDP ctia toan the: gioi, Icin hon GDP ciia Lién minh chdu Au (EU) va gap hon ldn GDP cua Nhat Ban Vcii sir ton manh ve’ kinh te” cong voi dan so dc›ng (297 trieu nguoi, tinh den thiing n in 2005), chiém 4,69o dan so the” gioi, My duoc xem la thi truc ng tiéu thu hang de’t may ton nhat the” gicii Theo thong ke‘ thi moi nam ngucri dan My tie‘u ton het khoang 311 ty USD cho hang qudn :io va giay de’p - chiém hon 149o chi tieu cho hang tieu diing khong bén dfi chi tie‘u cho qudn ao v‹io kliodng 225 ty USD Co the: nfii, su’ tang truong kinh te” nhfmg nam qua la mot nha' n to kich c6u tie‘u diing dfii voi hang de’t may Voi mite thu nhdp binh quan dau ngiroi thufic vao loai cao nhat trén the: gioi: 44.400 USD/ nguoi nam 2004 (iheo Be Thvon _• mai My) ngucri My co kha n:ing danh mot khoan tien kha lori cho vie:c mua sam gum ao Nguéi ta khfing khai nie‘m “An no, mac :1m” nfra ma da coi vie‘c “An ngon, mac dep” Chinh vi the, ngucii My rat quan tarn dc:n thoi trang Hp thich di cira hang mua sam quan :io va coi dfi nhu la mot thfii quen khfing the“ thiéu Ho cho rang bang c:ich dfi khfing nhfmg ho co the“ thoa man nhu cau c:i nhan cfla minh ma cfin gop phiin vao viéc kich thich san xu t, giiip nén kinh té phat trien Ngoai ra, viéc di mua sam trcr inot thu van hoa ma nguoi ta khfing di i a cira hang chi de mang ve may bfi quan :io ma coi dfi nhu la mot cc hfii de di dao choi, giai toa cling thang, gap gfi, tro chuyén vcii nhfmg nguoi ban va met rong quan xa h6i Vi nhfrng Ie dfi, siic mua ciia thi tracing My doi voi cac mat hang tiéu diing nfii chung va doi voi hang dét may nfii rie’ng la rat l‹5n: cao hnn 1,7 tan sé‘c mua ciia Nhiit Ban va ciic nircic EU (“Cam uang vé xam nhap thi truong My”- NXB Thong ke 2003) 1.1.2 Thi triténg cé nhu can da dang *) Do diic diem vé thiinh phcin dan cii MQ lia mot quoc gia da sae toc, da ton giao, tin ngircing Ngucii My la nhung nguoi den tit’ c:ic quoc gia va chau luc kh:ie Mot bo ph‹in lon ngvoi My la ngucri goc An (thuéng la nhfmg nguoi theo dao Thien Chiia) Nhfmg nguoi co khuynh huong tin mac kh:i tu va phfing khoiing Ho co nhu cfi u lift ‹Hi voi cac mat hang nhu viiy :io thoi trang, quan :io the thao Doi v‹ii nhfmg ngu’cii My goc A (chit y'e u theo dao Phat hoac dao Hfii) thi cac loai quan au, :1o so mi duoc sit dung rat phfi bién vi ho thich su gian di va kin d:to Nhfmg ngucii goc Phi thi lai ua chufing loai quan Jeans, to thun chung dein lai su i hfiai mai, tic:n dung Vi the", cac loai quan ao khac deu co the ban duoc trén thi truong My Tuy nhieu, su phan chia nhu c:iu chi la tuong doi boi vi o My co su hoa trfin ve‘ van ho:i chit khfing co ranh gioi ro rang gifra cac d:in tic khac Tat ca moi nguoi deu co thé sir dung céc loai c;ti n ‹o m‹a he thich Hon nfra, doi voi in:it hang may mac thi ranh gioi gifra c:ie quoc gia cling khfing may y nghia nfra bcri vi xu huong thoi trang thvéng co :inh huéng tren pham vi toan cau Nguoi My rat thich di thang vao van de, khfing quanh co de tiet kiém thoi gian Vi vdy, tain vie’c vCii ho cdn tr:inh sir dung Hi lé mom Khi gap go dé ban bac kinh doanh nguoi My dac biet cor viéc den dimg gio nhu da hen Trong giao tie" p, ho danh gia cao su be’n bi, kien dinh ciia ‹ioi tac Vi vlly, chiing ta ne’n cfi gig theo duoi cong viec dén cling, khfing nen bfi cufic gifra chimg • Trong khtiu chucin bi tiii fiéu Khi chao hang cho khach hang My, can chub bi chu d:to cac Hi lieu gi6i thieu s:in ph:inn bang tie" ng Anh ciing v6i c:ic die’u kien mua biin ro rang va nc:n diéu chinh c:ie ye‘u to cho phfi hop véi tdp qudn thuong mai ciia My, vi du nhu c‹c don vi tien te, don vi khoi luong, dfi dai Ho sé danh gia cao su chuan bi chu d:to cua doi t:ic 2.5 X:iy dimg doi ngfi c:ie nha thiét ké th6i trang chuyén nghiép Bo phan thie‘t ke"’ mdu ma s:in pham ciia cong ty co so luring kha ‹long nhung khong co nhiéu ngvoi tre’ nen suc sang tao rat co han Hon nfra, trinh dfi nghie‘p vu cua nhimg nguoi khfing cao Thong thvéing, cac miu san phdm ctia cong ty la kh:ich hang dna ho"ac duoc thiét ke dva theo phong ciich cua cite cataloge cua nucic ngoai, co car bien, chinh ly cho phfi hop Chi inot so it san phfim la thiet ke"’ rieng Cac man ma cling dune co gang lam cho ‹ion gian va tién dung, chua co san phfim thiét ke cfing phu, ca'u ky Vé lau dai, viec ph:it trien doi nghi thiét ké thoi trang co anh hucrng rat ton den su‘ cfing ciia cong ty tre’n thi truong, cii o nvoc cling nhv o nu’cic n po‹ii Ngo‹ii viec tuyen dung nhimg nha thiet ke co trinh dfi de bfi sung cho bfi phén nay, cfing ty ne‘n co ke“ hoach dau tu cho cac can bo ciia minh duoc tham gia mot so khoa hoc dao tao thie‘t ke“ thoi trang cua nucic ngoai de hoc hfii dunc.nhfmg phong ciich thiét ke” chuye‘n nghiep va nam bat cac xu thé their trang tre:n the: gioi Ti uoc in:it, cfing ty co the' hop tfic voi Vien mau thoi trang Viet Nam de co duoc c:ic mdu thifit ke mcii gicii thieu cho c:ie kh:ich hang 2.6 Tiép can viii thuong mai dién tir Thuong mai dien tir xudt hie" n chua ldu nhimg co toc dfi phat trien rdt nhanh va dang tr‹i th h mot xu the” toan cau Vcii nhimg uu the virot trfii so voi thuong mai truye’n thong nhat la ve mat khfing gian va thfii gian, thunng mai die‘n tir dang chiem ty le’ cang cao tong giii tri thuong mai cua ca‹c nvoc, nhat ID c:ic nuoc co nén kinh te phat trien Thong qua cac phuong tie“ n cong nghe‘ thong tin, en thé la mang Internet, cite doanh nghiep co the" dna c:ic thong tin vé sén ph:inn cua minh den vcii c:ie khach hang tren toan the: gicri Cling qua c:ic phuong mc:n nay, c:ie doanh nghiep ci cac nuoc klid c co the ti ao doi, giao dich, ky ket hop dong, toiin vcii Tuy khfing ph:ii khfing co nhimg in:it tr:ii nhung viec tiép can va tham gia vao thuong mai dien tir se‘ mang lai cho c:ic doanh nghie‘p nhimg loi ich rat ton dac bi(t la dfii vcii c:ic doanh nghi‹:p muon lam an ver thi tru‹ing My Hon nd a, via:c tham p•iiaa v‹ao thvong mai die‘n tir cliing co thé tao phhoonng cach kinh doanh hic:n dai, gay an tvong tot cho cac doi I:ie My Hién nay, cong ty dfi co trang web (http’/Jwww hanosiiiiex com vn) nhung chua thu hiit duoc su chfi y chua ducrc qu:ing bit cho cac khilch 1i‹ing v‹i ngvoi tiéu dfing Ty Ie’ nguci bie‘i de’n trang web cua cfing ty rat th p dan de’il hieu qua gicii thie’u san pham va thu hut kh:ich hang khfing cao Hen nfra, cac siin ph:tin gi‹ i thie’u dfi chua phong phu va cach gicri thieu kh0ng hdp dan C0ng ty can dau tu nang cap hinh thtrc ciia trang web cho h« p dan Item doug their tfin dung cac kha nang cda cac phuong ti(n thong tin giao dich, bufin biin 2.7 Dang ky bao hit d‹ic quyén nhan hiéu Thi triréng My la thi trirérng gan nhu da dat de’n chuan muc quoc te vé nhieu kh ia canh ii oiip dfi co vdn de‘ so him cong nghie’p, ve dang ky ban quyen cilng nhir van de' bao hfi thuong hi(u Ciic guy dinh ve van de cling rdt phiic tap Hie‘n nay, tinh trang dénh c:ip thu0ng hieu dang xay rat bie“n Ciic doanh nghie‘p muon duoc ph:ip luat My bao ve‘ thi can tien cac Cong vcic Paris ve quyén so him cfing nghiep thi “ne” u doanh nghiep da ‹rang ky so htm cong nghiep (neu khfing sir dung thii doan lira dao de co dvoc) thi vong 5.nam doanh nghiép scr hint thuong hieu co quyén de don yeu cau huy bfi nhan hie’u giong hodc tuong tu Ne” u doanh nghiép dfing thii doan lira dao de dune dang ky thuong hieu giong thuong hiéu riot tiéng thi doanh nghiep st hfru thu’ong hieu noi tiéng khfing bi han ché vé thoi gian de dunc huy bfi thuong hieu noi tie" ng” 2.8 N:tin vfmg thong tin vé c:ie dfii thii canh tranh Tren thi tru©ng hang det may My co r:it nhie’u nha cung cap den tir cac quoc gia nhv: Trunp Quoc, Do, Han Quoc, Hong Kong, Canada Cong ty can thuong xuyén tien hanh nhimg bien phap diéu tra, tim hiéu ve ‹ioi thd cua minh de' nam duoc cac thong tin vé c‹5ng nghe s:in xuat, mau ma chat luong va g•ia ca c.c s‹an phfim va bi quyet kinh doanh ciia ho de co cac chie” n luoc san xuat va kinh doanh thich hop va co the' dimg vfmg tren thi tru©ng Bien ph:ip cu the" ma cfing ty co the' thuc hic:n ngoai viec suu tain, nghien elm c:ie tai lieu, sach bao la dieu tra thong qua cac trang web cua ho hoac thong qua cac cc quan dai dien tai My Ngoai ra, ne” u hop t:ie vcii cac cc quan ngoai giao cua ta thi cling co the tim hiéu duoc cite thong tin rat guy b:1u 2.9 Nang cao trinh to chirc s:in xu:it dé d:ip irng yéu c:iu giao hang i 6i k hfii lu‘ong l‹o Khach hang My la nhimg nguéi thucng dat hang voi khoi luong tern Vi the”, ho thuong khong tin tuéing vao ciic cc sci san xuiit nhfi Muon chiém duoc nie'm tin vao cite khdch hang nay, cong ty can co kha nang d:ip ring du’oc cfc nop ‹long tern kho:ing thoi gian ngan Ciic nha may ciia cfing ‘n tiron doi bie" t sap xép nhfin su va phat huy c0ng sudt cua in:iy moc, cGng ty co the ndng cao nang sufit lao dong Trong truéing hop khfing the' dam dvong dvoc khoi luong cong viec, cfing ty co the" lie‘n ke" t vCli mot so cfing ty khiic nh u cong ty May Thang Long, May Dilc Giang, May 10 de' dam bao san xuat va giao hang dimg han cho kh:ich hang 2.10 Tang curing xu:it kh:iu theo hinh thfic true tiép Hi(n nay, viéc xu:it khdu sang thi truong My cua cfing ty du0c thuc hien theo cach xuat khau true tiep, xuat khau qua trung gian va gia cong xuilt khau Xufit khau truc tiép chi chie’in ty Ie 15% hinh thiic xudt khau qua trung gian chiem Hi 609o Hang ho:i ciia cong ty thuéng phai th6ng qua m6t nuoc thu de vao duoc thi truéing My Ciing vi vfiy, cong ty thvonp xuye‘n ph:ii tra phi moi gii5i cho cac cong ty nuoc ngoai (chit yc:u ID c:ic cfing ty cua Hfing Kong va Singapore) nén da anh hvong d:ing ke den doanh thu Khi da tie"p cdn dune thi truéng My, cong ty nén chu dong tim kiem khach hang va giam dan su phu thufic vao cac kh:ich hang trung g ran 2.11 D:iy manh thuc hiéu c:ic bién phiip xiic tién thuong mai Ben canh viec dam bao chat luong san pham tot, mdu ma dep, giii cii canh tranh cong ty cdn co mot chien luoc xiic tien thuong mai hop l y va hiéu DC thu hfit ctucc su chfi y cua cac doi téc va nguc i tie‘u dfing My, cfing ty ne‘n thucing xuye‘n tham gia c:ic hfii cho, trien tain ve’ hang de’t may Thong qua cac hGi ch0 trim tain, te‘n tuoi, thuong hieu cua cong ty se dunc nhieu nqircii hiet dén ‹i cdc s‹in pham cua cong ty cling dvoc gioi thiéu mot cach chan thuc va diy dii Ngoai ra, tai cac hfii cho, cfing ty cling co cc hfii tim dune ban hang va ky két duoc céc hnp dong Hang nam, tai My co hang nghin hfii cho chuyén nganh duoc tfi chfrc Cfing ty nen x:ic dinh ro hoi cho n‹ao phu hop voi c p dfi san phdm ciia minh va x:ic dinh thi truértg nine tie’u hui5ng toi de chon tham gia cho co hieu qua Vie‘c l(ip van phong dai dien tai My cling la viec tain rat thiet thuc gop phdn n‹5i két nhu cdu cua thi triréng voi nha san xuat Ngoai ra, nc:u co die’u kie‘n cfing ty co the lien ke’I vcii c:ie nha phdn phoi tai My de mo ciic cira hang thoi tai co d:ing mcri, dfic dfio de tham gia hoat dong Cac phucrng tien thong tin cang hie‘n dat nhimg cong cu’him hic:u de" tie‘p ca'n c:ic kh:ich hang tiém nang Cfing ty co the" gui cac thu dié:n tir, catalog thoi trang dé gicii thieu, quang bfi san phdm Ngoai ra, cfing• ty co the" tiep can voi ciic Via:t kie’u tai My de tan dung su ung hfi ciia lvc luong Hién nay, so nguoi Viet Nam sinh song tai My da ten toi vat triéu nguoi, la mot luc luong tieu dimg quan va la c:ic doi tac tiém nang CGng ty co the lie’n he vcii ho de thie’l lap cac ke‘nh phan phoi tai cac ban p• cua My 2.12 Thuc hiéu trao doi han ngach v‹ii c:ic doanh nghiép kh:ie dé t:in dung tfii da kh:i nang san xu:it Vita qua , lix:n b6 Thuong mai va Cong nghiep da ban hanh thong tu’ so 06JTTLT/BTM/BCN 1J4J2005 cho phe’p ciic doanh nghiép dvoc phép chuye“n nhuong han ngach cho Truoc day, cac doanh nghiep chi ducc phép no hoac bfi han ngach Viec phdn bfi han ngach hieu duoc thuc him dna tre" n tich xuat khau ciia doanh nghie’p nam trucic dfi Tre‘n th irc té, nhieu cloanh nghie’p co tich xudt khdu tot nam truoc nhung khong co nhie:u hop dong nam thi lvong han ngach nam sé kh0ng dimg he‘l Viec chuye’n giao han ngach gifra c:ic doanh nghie’p se giiip tr:inh tinh trang lang phi Cfinp• ty Det May Ha Nfii cling thuong xuyen g:ip phai tinh trang co cat thuc hie“ n van thira han ngach nhimg co cat lai khfing co du de dap trng nhu edu cua kh:ich hang Nam 2004, cat 338/339 va cat 647J648 co nhie'u hop dong dat hang nhung han ngach dvoc giao lai khfing dfl céc cat khie lai th tra r‹it nhieu so v‹5i chi tieu Ké tir nay, cfing ty co the” hop tac véri cac doanh nghie‘p kh:ie de' trao doi han ngach c:in thiét 2.13 Co chuyén gia tu v:in ph:ip luat Co y kie:n cho riing: “néu cdc doanh nghiep Vie:t Nam kinh doanh tren d t My ma khfinp• cfi ludt su thi khé nang that bai la h0n 509o” Vi the:, néu duoc tu van ve’ ph‹ip 1ua't, cong ty se tranh duoc nhimg rite roi, ton hai ve’ uy tin hay nhimg ton phi ve tie’n ciia, dong th‹ i co duoc cac thong tin quan nhu nhimg thay dfii thii tuc h:ii quan hay thay dfii chinh sach thuong mai, chinh sach quan IQ nhAp kh4u cfia My He thong ph‹ap ludt cua My r:it rac rot, phi.rc tap doi hfii ciic nha xuat khau nuoc ngoai cdn phai co nhimg hieu biet nhat dinh mcri tr:inh duoc nhimg thiét hai dang tile Cdc vu kiln b:in pha gi:i doi voi in:it hang ca da tren v‹i to in cria Viét Nam hay vu ddnh c:ip thuong hie‘u ciia Vifon va Trung Nguye’n tai thi truong My la nhfrng bai hoc dat gi:i cho c:ic doanh nghie‘p nuc c ta kinh doanh voi iiu’oc ngoai Trucic quyet dinh d:it ch:In ten mot thi trvéng nao dfi thi diéu c:in lam trucrc tien la phai tim hie"u ky ve hé: thong phiip uat cfia nu’cic clfi Cong ty dét may Ha Nfii hieu vdn chua cfi chuyen gia tu v‹in chinh thuc linh vuc Tuy nhimg rac rot tern chua xay i a nhimg tuong lai la dieu r‹it khfi doiin truoc Trucic he:t, cfing ty cdn nam viing va tuan thii cite guy dinh ngat ngheo ctia MQ clot viec nh:ip kh:iu hang dét may bao gfim cac guy dinh ve thii tuc xufit nhap khau, \'e xu:it xfr, nhan in:ie, tiéu chudn ve’ an toan, cite tieu chu:in ch0ng ch y, bao ve moi ti nong, bao ve nguoi tiéu dfing Dac biét, can chit y de’ii c:ic ludt che“ Hi thuong mai la ludt chong ph:i gia va lu:it thue doi khang Np•oai i a, cong ty cm chit y dam bao c:ic tieu chuan c0ng nghe doi vcii héng dét may Cac mat hang dét may muon vao thi truong My de’u phai duoc quan ly theo tie’u chu:in ISO 9000 v;t he‘ thong tr:ich nhiém SA 8000 Ngucii tie‘ u diing My rdt hay kién cao ho biet phiip lu:it nuoc biro ve chat ché ng•ucii tieu diing Ngoai nhimg quy dinh ve‘ thue“ quan va h:ii quan, cong ty can quan tain tcri mat ve’ trach nhie‘in san pham Theo luar nay, nha san xuat va ngucii biin hang phéi chiu trach nhiem doi vcii nguoi tieu Tren ddy la mGt ‘ gi:ii phap danh cho Cong ty Det May Ha Not va cling la gi:ii ph:ip chung cho nhieu doanh nghiep dét may ciia Viet Nam tren duéng thaiTi nhfip thi truéng My De cfi the’ thuc hién cfing chién luoc x:inn nhap, xa hon la dimg vfmg va phat trién trén thi tracing i ong ten céc doanh nghie’p r:it cdn cfi su hfi tro tir phia c:ie cc quan nha nuoc Mot so kién nghi déii viii nha nu‹ic 3.1 Quy hoach ph:it trién viing nguyén lieu, d:iu tu cho c:ie nha in:iy san xu:it phu liéu dét may Co mot thUc te” la ty Ie‘ nfii dia ho:i c:ic san pham det may cua Viet Nam qu:i thdp: nganh det moi sir dung 10—15 to xc, bfing nuoc; nganh iriay nioi set dung 309o vai nuoc vi ch:it lvong vat chua deu, phai nhap trc:n 500 trieu met / nam Nganh san xu:it nguye’n lieu cho nganh dé1 may nuoc ta van co cjiiy mo rat nho va chua duoc guy hoach ch:it ché Hon nfta, phan Ion cac nguyén l ieu n y cfi ch:it ltrong khfing cao nén khfing dap ting duoc cac tiéu chudn law hang xuat kh:Iu Do v:iy, c:ic doanh nghiep s:in xuat hang dét may xudt khau ciia Viet Nam thuong phai nh:ip khau nguyén lie’u cua nuoc ngoai de phuc vu san xuat Viéc phu thufic nhie'u vao ngufin nguyén lix:u nuoc ngoai se‘ lam grain sfrc canh tranh cua hang det may nuc c ta Chinh phii nen ho tro c:ic dia phunng cfi tiém nang phét trie"n san xu:it cac loai nguyen liéu nhv bong, to tarn, xc va xay dung céc nha miiy san xufit hoa chat, thuoc nhufim, thiet bi n,•anh det de' co the cung cdp cho c:ic nha san xu:it nufic Mot cac bien phap i it him hiéu la phat trién mo hinh c:ic nong truong trfing bfing, dau nufii tain voi miic dfi chuyén mon hoa cao, dam bao cung cap nguye‘n lieu cho thi truéng v‹ii kh0i lUong l6n va chdt luong cao Chiing ta cfi the‘ nh3p khdu nhimg giong bfing co nang suat, ph:inn chat tot de gieo trfiiig tai cac nong truéng Nhin chung, cac bie’n phfip phéi mang tinh tin dai va co ké hoach Vie:t Nam la nuoc chua co nganh sén xudt phu liéu phiit trien Hang c:ic doanh nghie:p chit dong duoc phu lii:u cho san xuat thi co the dap ting duoc c:ie don hang nhanh hon Nha nhdp khdu chac chan sé chon not nao co the' dat h‹ing tron gfii tir khoa, chic, miic 3.2 Tiép tuc thuc hiéu chinh s:ich khuyén khich xu:it khau Trong nhimg nam vira qua, nha nucrc da co chit truong day manh xuat khau de cai thien ca‹n cfin thuong mai va tang thu nhap cho dat nude, dac biet la doi vcii cac mat hang chit luc ma Vie‘t Nam co the manh dfi co mat hang de’t may Hien nay, mat hang moi nam mang vé gan ty USD cho dat nuoc va lufin diliig dau danh muc c:ie mat hang co kim ngach xufit khfiu ton nh t Cac ‹ioanh nghie‘p det may se khfing the' dat dvoc c:ie tich nhu vay ne“u nhir khfing co cac bien phép khuyen khich ciia nha nuoc Trong cac nam tcii, viec xu‹it khdu mat hang se" gap mot so khfi khan, nhat la vap phai su canh trarih khoc lie‘t tir c:ie mat hdng ciia c:ic nuoc khu vuc Vi vay, sv tao dieu kién tir phia nha nucic la rat can thiet nhfit la vie’c cai tien, don gi:in hoa c:ie thu tuc xuat khilu va uu dai ve thue 3.3 Ho trn c:ic doanh nghiép viéc vay von Doi vcri c:ic doanh nghiep nfii chung va ciic doanh nghiep tham gia s:in xuat hanp xu t khau nfii riéng thi nhu cdu ve' von lufin la mot nhu cau rat bile thiét Cac doanh ngIaie’p c n von cho dau tir in:iy moc, thiét bi, von dé mua nguyén vdt lie’u, de tién hanh c:ic bien phiip xuc tien ho tr0 kinh doanh Khi ma chat luong san pham xuat khJu phai dap ring cac ti‹:u chuan cang kliat khe cu a cac thi tnréing thi van de doi mcri cong nghe lufin phai dunc quan tain Ciic day chuyen s:in xutit thucrng phai nhap khau ne’n gi:i rat cao Hon nfra, de" san phdm cua doanh nghiep co the den duoc vcri c:ic khach hang va ngucri tiéu dimg nuoc ngoai thi rift nhie'u ’n dooaann tu khau nghién cdii thi tru’éng clén cac chien tune marketing, quang ba nhan hi6u Dac bie’t, moi co cac khach hang d:it hang voi khoi luong ton, ciic doanh nghiep thuong phéi huy ding cac nguon luc de' mua nguyén vdt 1i‘eu phuc vu san xu4t Luong von phai dune huy dong kip théi néu kh0ng se‘ de lfi in:it cc hfii kinh doanh Cac kic:n kha ché cho ciic doanh nghie:p vay von va mtrc Hi su:it cling kha cao Viéc lap cac guy ho tro xuat khau se‘ mcr cc hfii 1i5n cho cilc doanh nghiép Néu dune nha uncle cho vay tin dung wu dai cac doanh nghiép se giam bit dvoc g:inh niing vay no va co von dau tu kip thoi 3.4 Ho trn doanh nghiép tim kiém thong tin vé thi trviing Cdc doanh nphiep moi thdm nhap vao thi tracing My de’u rat bo ngo va liing tilng vi clay la mot thi truéing o xa Viét Nam va co nhimg tap quan khiic voi chiing ta Hon nfra, chilng ta vao thi truong My muon hon rat nhiéu so voi cac nucrc khac khu vuc nhu Trung Quoc, Thai Lan, Indonexia Phfii co nhung hieti biét nhat dinh ve thi truong thi c:ic doanh nghiep moi co cc may cfing tai thi tru‹ing Diéu cang dimg vcri thi trvcing My Truoc tie:n, doanh nghie‘p phai tim hiéu ve thong ph:ip luat, chinh sach nhdp khau va c:ie quy dinh co lién quan de d:inn bao tain an lau dai va gian thiéu i iii i o ti ong kinh doanh B‹5 thuong mai va Phong thuong mai va cong nghiep Viet Nam ne‘n thuéng xuyén giiip dfi cac doanh nghiep tim hieu ve’ ciic khia canh phap lu5t Ngoai ra, ciic cc quan cling nam i at vfmg cac thong tin lién quan den ne‘n kinh te, tinh hinh bien dong cii a thi truong, nliu cau thi hieu cti a ngu’cii tie‘u dimg Nhtiiig thong tin tu van cii a cac cc quan sé r:it hint ich, gitip c:ie doanh nghie’p dét may them tu tin kinh doanh voi ciic doi tire nuoc ngoai 3.5 D:iy nhanh qu:i trinh gia nhii p WTO fl“i ‹›up nhieu tli‹p ky qua, viéc bufin ban cac san pham det may tren thé gioi duoc die‘u chinh theo nhimg the' che" thuong mai dac bie‘t Nam 1974, Hiep dinh da spi MFA (Multifiber Arrangement) duoi su bao tro ciia GATT co hiéu luc, cho phép céc nuoc nhap khau co the" thong qua thoa thua' n song phuong hoac ti oug ti v‹ ng hop kh6ng dat duoc cac tho:i thudn song phuong co thé don phuong :ip dung han ngach nh:ip khau dfii voi hang d‹:t may neu xét thfiy nen sén xu:it nuoc bi de doa MFA da tao mGt su phan biét doi xir, tain bién dang hinh thiic bu6n b:in va sén xuat cac san pham det may, di lai xu the tv hoé cua cho cite nvoc ph:it trie"n N:inn 1994, khufin kho vong dam phan Urugoay ciia WTO, Hiép ctinh vé hang dét may ATC (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing) da dcli thay the cho MFA, quy dinh qu‹i trinh tu ho:i mau d]ch qufic té hang dc:t may se" phéi tréi qua mot giai doan chuyén tiep 10 nam, bit ddu tir 1/1/1995 N‹a m 2005 lit nam co su bic:n dong tin trén thi truéng det may toan cau, dfi la vie‘c bai bfi che dfi han ngach voi ciic nuoc la vién WTO da ton tai suot 30 nam qua Cac nucic Trung Quoc, “‘ Do, Pakistan c‹c nucic duoc let 1‹5n su kien Tuy nhie’n, via:c bai bfi che han ngach cung din den hang loat quoc gia se lam vao tinh trang kho kh n dfi co Viet Nam chua gia nhap WTO Khi co ché dfi han ngach, sin xuat hang dc:t may se" khfing dilng theo quy luat thi truong Nha nhap khau co thé p1i‹ai trfi gia cao li‹in cho hang hoa mua vé chi vi nucic co gi:i ca thap hon khfing co hoac da het han ngach Nay han ngach da chain dirt, chi co nucic n‹ao san xuat vcri gia canh tranh nhat moi mong xuat dvoc hang Nhv va' y, cac quoc gia fern co the manh nhu Trung Quoc, Do sé thong linh thi truéng ‹let may Uc: gi‹ i Theo nghien ciiu ciia WTO, Trung Quoc sé dan chiem dvoc Do chva co loi the: ciia mot nucic vien cua WTO nén hang det may ciia Vie’t Nam v:In phai chiu han ngach vao thi truong My Dieu d gay kla‹› kh‹in ton cho cac doanh nghiép cua ta Theo thong ké, kim ngach xuat khau hang det may ciia Viét Nam sang thi tru©ng My thang dan nam 2005 la 1,53 ty USD, giam 0,649o so vcii ciing ky nam ngoai Cac chuyén gia kinh té du do:in rig tong kim ngach xudt khau hang dét may cda Viét Naiu ‘n se chi dat khoéng 4,7 t j USD so vcii muc tiéu 5,2 ty USD cho nam 2005 Boi vay, vie’c gia nhap WTO cfin duoc day nhanh de loai bfi cac rao can doi vcri hang dc:t may va ciic mat hang khac KET LUAN My la m6t thi truéng l‹5n, co nhieu thiich thiic song cling da'y tiem nang doi vcri ciic doanh nghie‘p Viet Nam Nganh dét may nuoc ta se co cci hfii ton hon nfra ngufing cira gia nha' p WTO da tcii gan, in:i cac rao ciin thvong mai phfin nao dune dci bfi Tu hoii thvong mai la mot xu the tat yc:u quit trinh ph:it trie“n cua nén kinh te the gioi va lcii ich ma no dem lai se" l6n hon c:ic doanh nghiep biét I:in dung thcri cc, doi mcri cong nghe:, cai tien c1i‹it luong cling nhu mdu ma san pham dc: nang cao nang lvc canh tranh cho hang de‘t may Viét Nam, dap ring va thoa man nhimg yeu cau khat khe cua thi truiing va gianh the chia dong canh tranh quoc te Nhimg bai hoc kinh nghiém cua nganh de"t may Trung Quoc da cho thay loi thé ve nguon lao dong va nguyen li6u cong v‹5i su nhanh nhay va sang tao car tien mdu ma san pham va c:ich thiic tiep can kh:ich hang sé la nhimg nhan to quyet dinh dén kha nang ton tai va ph:it trién cua doanh nghiép tr6n thi truong quoc th Tuy nhie" n, céc nucic ton vfin dang gianh quyen ap da I doi voi cac nucic khac, c:in trci tien trinh tu hoa thu’ong mai Viéc Chinh quye’n My Hi :ip dung han ngach doi voi mot so cat hang det may cda Trung Quoc chi vai thiing sau Hie‘p dinh de’t may ATC hét hiéu lvc la met iriinh chfmg rtlt sinh dong Vi the”, Vie’t Nam khfing nén qu:i lac quan rna ph:ii I ufin timeing ti uoc nhimg kho khfin va nhimg bien dong bat 10i tren thi tracing Mong muon ciia chung ta la duoc nhin thdy c:ic san pham thunng hiéu Vie’I Nam duoc ton vinh tai thi truong nucrc ngoai Nhimg doanh nghi er •hu’ HANOSIMEX sé la luc luong tie‘n phong cong cuGc doi mcii va xay dung dat nufic, cung co x i the cua nuoc ta cong dong quoc té Nhimg cfing cfia cong ty tai thi truong My se" la tain gidy thong hanh cho cfing ty thdm nhdp vao c:ie thi truéng khéc Tuy nhie‘n, cong ty khfing nen thoa man vcii nhimg ke” t qué da dat duoc ma phai lufin phiin d6u de giam din ty Ie xuat khau qua trung gian, tu di tren doi chdn cua minh Be‘n canh sU no luc tir phia doanh nghie’p, chinh phii cling can co cac bién ph:ip ho tro va giiip dfi thie’i thuc tir viec cai tien cite thu tuc xuiit nhap khau, uu dai ve‘ thue” cho c:ic doanh nghie‘p de"n viec cung cap thong tin, bién kien thuc ph:ip mat v‹i guy hoach ph:it trién vfing nguyén liéu dé tao diéu kien thu:in loi nhat cho cfing tire xuat khau Vi5i su hop t:ic chit che" gifra doanh nghiep va chinh phii , chien I viac “t g toc” ciia nganh de‘t may nucrc ta dat duoc nhimg th nh tich thfln ky, iao c1‹a cho t‹ing truong ciia to:in bfi nén kinh te, gop phan thvc hien ciing cfing cufic cfing nghie’p hoa, hi6n dai ho:i dat nvoc 79 TAI LIEU THAM KH AO Cac biro c:to cua cfing ty De’t May Ha Nfii Bao cao xuat khau 8/2005 - Bao cao xuat khau 12J2004 - B:to c:to han ngach dvoc cap va thuc hién han ngach cac cat di My 2004 - Biro cao nhap khau 12/2004 Bao cao nhap khau 8/2005 Cac bao cao tong hop Muc tien vfi chién luoc xuat khau ciia c6ng ty Dét May Ha Nfii TS Ho Sy Hung , Nguyen Viet Hung - Cain nang ve xam nhap thi irvong My - NXB Thong Ké, 2003 PGS, TS Nguye’n Thi Mn - Tim hiéu vé chinh s:ich xufit nhap khau cii a Hoa K) Va nhu‘ng bién phap thiic day xuat khau hang ho:i ciia Viet Nam sang thi tracing Hoa Ky sau Hie‘p dinh thuong mai Viet Nam Hoa Ky co hieu luc , 2002 Bo thuong mai - Hu6ng dan tie"p can thi truéng Hoa Ky - NXB Thong ke 200 l Nguyen Thiet Son - Viet Nam — Hoa Ky — quan he thircrng mai va ‹iau tir - NXB Khoa hoc Xa hfii, 2004 PGS-TS Vo Thanh Thu - Chie" n luoc thilm nhap thi truong My - NXB Thong ke - 2001 Tap chi Ngoai Thuong c:ie so: 30 (ngay 21-31/10/2004), 31 (ngay I 10/11/2004), 32 (ngay 11-20/11/2004), (ngay 21-28/02/2005), (ngfiy 1-31/03J2005), 15( 21-31J05/2005), 17 (ngay 11-20/06/2005 j Bao Thuong Mai 14J6/2005 va 28/6J2005 10.Tap chi dét may va thc i trang 6/2003 11 B:to Thi trvong so 290/2005 24/10J2005 12.C:ic trang web: http‘/Jwww vnexJ›ress net - http //www thauhnien com http //www mot.Nov - http’J/ www asiaweek com - la tt p /J www texti levietnam or‘s htt p:/Jwww otexa ita doc sov http‘ /Jwww.doc sov http //www chinadailY.com.en F I i p:/J vvv» apjiiii elandfootwear.org - htt p:JJwvvw.cmergin»•textiles.com ... HINH XUAT KHAU HANG DET MAY SANG THJ TRUCING MY CUA CONG TY DET MAY HA NO Grin tlii(u chung vé cling ty dét may Ha Nfii 1.1 Lich sir hinh va ph:it trién Cong ty de"t may Ha Nfii (Hanoi Textile... nay, cfing ty det may H:t Nfii la mot nhfrng cong ty co gi:i tri tai san ton Tong cfing ty dét may Vi(t Nam Tfing gia tri Hi san cua cong ty nam 1999 la gan 300 ty dong, nam 2004 la 684 ty dong... dét may Mj Clin on e Tinh hinh xuét Ichciu hang dét may sang thi triring Mj ciia Ccing ty Dét May II‹i Noi Chiionz 3.’ Mét sci gift phép nham day manh xuat khau hiing dét may ciia Ccing Iy Dét May