bao ta hom triTdc bang tieng trong. Nay, sU thong bao
n h u th§' chi cd trong cac Oan Pra dSc biet hay trong tu^n chay ma thoi.
Cham tdi chua vao cac ngay l i la tich thorn cong
diJc. Trong cac ngay l i , phat tuf dxxgc dip dang do biS'u
cac svf, nghe nhilng Idi Phat day, suy nglm ve nhiJng
I6i lam - n&'u cd - cua minh trong thdi gian qua, va
hy vong tifcfng lai tdt dep.
Ngoai cac djp I I thiTcfng- ky, chua thap P M t giao Iu6n mcr r6ng cufa don tiep cac thi§n nam tin nCf. Sau
bi?a sang, k h i cac svf tre va tifi'u t\X do, tan man trong
tu vien, vi Tfing triforng thifcfng ban tiep khach. Khach CO the la m6t 6ng gia, mdt ngifcfi c6 c6ng xay di/ng tu vien, mot 6ng quan... Du la ai, khach d&u dUcfc d6'i
xuT nhvt nhau. Khach c6 thi hoi y kien ve c6ng vi^c
nao do, hoSc b^y to noi long mong t i m Idi khuy&n chan
thxic... Mcr d&u, bao gid khach cung vai ba l^n trifdc
vi stf va noi: "Cau mong moi toi l5i ma con pham phai
- du hanh d6ng hay l&i noi - ducfc lifcrng th\i. Con quy
vai Ian dau ton kinh Phat, Ian thu" hai t6n kinh Phap,
fen th\i ba ton kinh TSng - Tam Bao. Con c^u mong
khong bi giam ham trong ba tai hoa, b6'n trang thai trijfng phat, nSm ke t h u la lufa, niTdc, ke cifdp, cac ganh nSng va nhilng ke tan ac". V i su dap lai: "La
phan thvfdng cho c6ng d\ic va s\X vang Icfi (cua 6ng)
c&u cho ta-ga thoat khoi ba tai hoa, bon trang thai
trOfng phat, nam ke t h u va moi tai xXcfng khac. Cku
cho moi muc tieu (cua ong) d&u t6't dep va ket qua. Cau cho (6ng) tife'n manh tren con diTcfng cao quy, t u
hoan thi^n minh thanh thong tue va dat tdi Niet ban an lac". K h i noi chuyen, khach ch^p tay, ngifcJi hcfi
nga vl phia trifdc, thufa su bang tirdc pa-y-a (nghia la ngai, chua...), vdi thai do dSc biet k i n h can. Nha sif, goi khach la ta-ga (tile la ngudi giiip dd) hay ta-ga-ma (neu la khach nvl).
Ket thiic buoi noi chuyen, khach ciii minh ba fen,
298
noi "D§ tur x i n k i n h chao', hoSc cham tran sat da't, rbi ngang len, va, sau do, lui tijf nSm d&'n mUdi budc, quay
sang phai, di ra.
Vao cac djp 11, cac ngay h6i, cac cu gia m6 dao d
Thai Lan thUcfng van b6 db t r ^ n g tdi chua ngu qua
d§m. 36 do trang nay thifcfng dxiac cac phat tvl dSc
biet mo dao mic vao cac ngay le Oan Pra va mua KiS't ha. B6 d& nay cung diicfc dung lam vai li&m k h i ho
qua ddi.
Cac phat tur con ra't nhieu dip len chua le Phat. V i nhif dip td chiic hoi mOfng nam mdi. Trong hoi nay, cac phat tijf khong quen mang nifdc trong sach l§n chua " t i m " - diing ra la lau chui - cac tuong Phat.
Tiftfng, C l i n g nhif den, chua - tiJc la cac c6ng t r i n h
tirdng niem - la nhiJng thxi Phat kh6ng bao lam. Tuy
nhien, ciing vdi thcfi gian, chiing vSn dUcfc lam ra, nhif minh chi?ng cho long ngifdng mo cua nhan dan. The rbi chung t r d nen linh t h i i n g va la ddi tUcfng thd Cling. Cac cong t r i n h kien true noi ti&'ng thiXdng la ncfi don cac khach hanh hifcfng - c6 k h i tOf ra't xa den. Cac biic tUdng Phat la ddi tuong dang, ciing, kha'n vai. Trifdc cac bifc ti/cfng Phat, ngifdi phu n i l m6 dao My-an-ma, k h i ngdi vai, keo vay sao cho k i n h&'t ban chan. K h i kha'n l i , ngtf&i dan 6ng len xudng gdi ba fen, sau do nang tay ngang tran. K h i l i Phat, phat tur My-an-ma khSng cau xin. Ho ca ngai Phat va bay to long t6n k i n h Phat bang cau: "Nam m6 Phat, nam m6 Phap, nam m6 TSng".
Dang hien ban than
Vi&c lam c6ng diJc, t u y d kha nSng tOfng ngifcfi, thi
hien difdi nhi'&u h i n h thi?c khac nhau. Cac hkc vua
chiia xifa g i n g d^ng cho sxi nghi§p t6n giao nhiing
c6ng t r i n h kien triic v l dai. Ho huy d6ng hang van
ngifdi trong nhieu nam de hoan thanh c6ng t r i n h . Ta't
nhien, nhilng ngifcfi tham gia x^y di^ng, nhving ngifcfi
gdp ciia, deu c6 them c6ng diJc. Kh6ng chi xSy den,
chua, ma due chu6ng, dUng tuong..., deu la nhOfng vi6c lam mang nhieu c6ng diic.
O cuTa ng6i den A-nan-da n6i tieng trong k h u thanh
dia Pa-gan linh thi^ng, nay vkn con hai bi?c tifcfng
ngirdi - to bang ngifcfi that - quy g6'i, khu6n mSt thanh kinh. Do la tUOng ong vua vi dai Ky-an-di-tha va vi sir td Sin A-ra-han.
Vua Bay-in-na-ung - t r i vi vao the ky X V I - nhieu
ran gd bo wTcfng mien cua minh, lay ngoc trang d i l m
cho cac c6ng t r i n h n6i tieng nhiT Soe Da-g6n, Soe
Mo-do, Ky-ai-to v.v... Vao dip 52 tu6i, 6ng cho xky
dung 52 t u vien bao quanh chua Soe M6-d6. Viec diic
tUcfng minh va x^y di^ng so t u vien b&ng tu6i minh, ham y dang hien ban than cho sU nghi§p Phat giao. Cac 6ng vua cung hien dang s6' vang c6 trong luang
bang trong lucfng ban than.
Viec hien dang trSn day, ro rang chi la d6c quyfen cua cac bac viTcfng gia hay nhiing nha quy t6c quyen quy, giau c6. Khong c6 dieu kien nhiT nhiing bac vxTcfng 300
gia, ngifdi dan thifcfng lam viec c6ng diic b^ng each
ri6ng cua m i n h . K h i di li, ho mang theo nhting cay
nen cd h i n h con vat ho c^m t i n h . Nen chay, con vat tan d i , va phat tuf m6 dao coi n h u da dUcfc dang cho
sxX nghidp thieng lieng. Con vat c^m t i n h t i n h theo
ngay sinh cua moi phat tur. M6t ngiTdi sinh thiJ hai,
do vay, se mang cay nen hinh con h6. NgifcJi Sy cung
CO th6 mang cay nen hinh sir tu: cho ong b6' sinh ngay
thxi ba, con voi c6 nga cho ngirdi ban gai sinh vao
khoang tuf nufa d§m tdi 12 gid trUa ngay th\i tiT...
Trong moi sir nghiep, viec dang hien ban than bao gicf cung cd gia t r i cao, thieng lieng va quy bau.
Phong sinh lam phuc
H i n h thiic t i c h diic pho bien cua phat tur d cac xif
theo Phat giao la tra lai tir do cho cac con vat. Vao djp tet cT Lao, Cam-pu-chia, Thai Lan, My-an-ma d i l n ra thong nha't vao khoang giiJa thang tir diTcfng
Ijch - hay cac dip 1§ t i e t khac, ngiTcJi ta thiTdng tha
chim, gia sue, gia cam... Trong nhieu trirdng hcfp, hanh dong phdng sinh nay chi mang t i n h h i n h thdc. V i du, trirdc ngay 11, ngir&i ta bat cac con vat nh6't trong Ibng, trong chubng, va rbi den t h d i dig'm t h i c h hcfp t h i tha ra. D i nhign, n6u nhiing con vat dirac "phdng sinh" la gia siic, gia c^m, t h i sau dd, chung van thudc quyfen sd hiJu cua chu du dirdi hinh thdc nao. O thanh ph6', cac ba, cac chi ra eho mua con ca chep nho con song,
to b S n g h a i n g d n tay, dem t h a r a h b . N h i l n g con ca
to, hS't b a n m 6 t ki6'p s i n h , diTdc cac ba, cac c h i r a c h
b u n g , bo m a n g , l a m p h u c cho s a n g k i e p k h a c .
Co n h i J n g cuoc l a m p h i i c difcfc tS c h i l e t r 6 n q u y m 6
I d n . X i n M y m 6 t v i d u . O v u n g M u n - m § n m i e n n a m M y -an-ma, c6 h 6 i N g a - h l u t poe, d i § n r a k h 6 n g l&u, sau t§'t T h i n - g i a n - p o e ( 0 m 6 t so v u n g k h a c c u n g t 6 chiJc h 6 i nay, n h i T n g k h 6 n g s o i n d i b a n g ) . Vao t h d i g i a n
nay, nxXdc hb, ao can, de doa cu6c s6'ng cua n h i J n g con
ca. D a n c h u n g c u n g x u b n g hb, ao b a t ca, bo vao cac
v a i nirdc - goi la sin-6. Sau do m 6 t d a m rifdc I d n , l o n g
t r o n g dirge to c h i i c . D i n dau d a m riTcJc la d a m t h a n h
n i e n , Sn v a n boa t r a n g - ngLfdi t h i n h i f n h i J n g 6 n g
h o a n g , ke t h i n h i f n h i l n g c o n y g u t i n h , quy q u a i . H o
vOfa d i vijfa m u a , h a t . Sau h o la d o a n n h a c . M d e n la d a n , m b t sb k h i e n g cai b I d n m a u v a n g hay m a u t r S n g , m b t so k h i & n g cai l o n g b I d n , m o t sb c&m t h a n h t r e ,
g i b n g n h a cai can cau, m a v a n g . Tijfng quang, cd cai
xe c h d n h i l n g chiec vai di^ng ca. GiiJa dam rirdc la m6
h i n h con t h u y e n l a m hhng t r e b b i gigy, cd b a n h i S n .
N g t r d i c h i b u y diJng oai p h o n g t r ^ n m u i t h u y e n ; GT k h o a n g l a i , n g i r d i c a m l a i b a n h d o n g theo m § n h I g n h cua ngtrbi c h i b u y .
D a m rirdc t d i song h a y m 6 t ncJi cd n h i e u nifdc, t h u a n Igi cho ca s i n h song. T d i n d i , doan rifdc dOrng l a i . N g i f d i t a t u n g v a i doan k i n h r b i b a t ca t r o n g v a i t h a
x u b n g song. N h i J n g n g i f d i t h a m d\X, a i c u n g cd t h g m
c 6 n g diJc.
Gifomg sang dii'c pMt.
V d i sxi h a y t i e u , thi§n n a m h a y t i n n i l . . . t h i P h a t
bao g i b Cling la tarn giTcfng dao diJc c'^n n o i theo. Cuoc d b i cua P h a t , d i vao nhi?ng cau chuy§n c6 t i c h - de
sif day ti^u, k h u y e n r a n m o i ngiXbi, di b n g ba, c h a me
k§' cho c h a u con n g h e -, h i & n h i n h t r S n n h i J n g biJc t r a n h , n h i l n g h i n h t r a m k h a c - dg m o i ngiTbi m b i k h i l§n c h u a n h i n va suy n g l m . . . D a u t h e , k h o n g n a m nao m o i n g t f b i l a i k h d n g td' chiJc n h i l n g 11 h o i I d n de b n l a i cube d d i difc P h a t . D d la n h i l n g n g a y b d i doe M a - h a - x a t (tac p h ^ m v i e t ve cac k i e p t r a d e cua P h a t ) cua n g a d i T h a i ( T h a i L a n ) la n g a y h b i P h a v 6 t ciia n g i l b i Lao... TH t h b k y X V , doc M a - h a - x a t trcr t h a n h n g h i t h i l c b ^ t bubc t r o n g c h u a T h a i L a n . Vao b u o i s a n g n h i l n g n g a y da d i n b , ( t h u b n g la t r o n g m u a x u a n va t h u ) , d a n e h i i n g t d i c h u a d a n g le cho cac svf. T r o n g k h i dd, m b t sb ngUbi l a m san kha'u cho b u 6 i doc M a - h a - x a t . V i sir nao cd g i o n g t b t t h i doc M a - h a - x a t - doc b a n g t i e n g P a - l i . CiJ doc dildc m o i doan, l a i p h o n g d i c h l u b n r a
t i e n g T h a i cho m o i n g t f d i h i e u . De t a n g p h a n ha'p d i n ,
k h i d i c h , cac s i l t h i f b n g x e n vao n h i l n g doan t h d do m i n h s a n g tac. Do dd, c u n g m o t tac p h ^ m , m 6 i n h a sir l a i cd each " d i c h " k h a c n h a u , p h o n g tac t h & m , t h a m c h i m b i n d i , m b i l i i c l a i k h a c .
H a n g n a m h b i P h a v g t cua Lao t h i f d n g t6 c h i i c vao
ctia diic P h a t - Txic hoang tur V 6 t X4n-don. H6i P h a v6t la h6i t6n giao Idn nM't d Lao.
Trirdc ngay h6i, sir va dkn c h u n g trong lang (n§'u
lang lam h6i rieng) hoac lang dSng cai (n&'u vai lang lam h6i chung) don dep sach se va trang hoang k h u chua. Vao bu6'i l i , cac bac Idn tudi ngbi nghi^m trang
trong c h u a nghe cac sif thay n h a u ngam v i n h truyen V e t Xam-don (gbm 500 truyen). T r o n g k h i do, ngoai
san chua, t h a n h nien nam nv3, tre em tS chiJc nhieu
tro vui, vui dua, ca hat hoac nghe cac ngh& si dan gian t r i n h d i l n van nghe ca ngtfi da't nvfdc, ca ngcfi cac vi a n h hung. NhiJng liic nghi, cac cu, cac 6ng,
cac ba, cac bac cha me cung c6 thi ra san chua vui
chcfi, thifdng thU"c van ngh& c u n g con chau.
Vao dip hoi 16, dS'i vdi moi ngifdi, doc va nghe chuy&n ve ddi diJc Phat, khong chi la nghi thiJc t6n giao, ma trd t h a n h n h u c'au can t h i e t .
Toe dang Phat, toe tha song
P h a t tur T h a i L a n c u n g n h u P h a t tuf cac nifdc khac, tin r a n g P h a t tOfng dat c h a n tdi nhieu mien. NgUdi mo dao dufng chua tai nhiJng ncfi in da'u c h a n P h a t
(thifdng la ncfi san thuy htfu t i n h ) . Ngay xuan, da't trdi
c u n g mu6n vat trof nen s i n h dong, gdi cam, cac phat tur c u n g h a n h hucrng, vijfa thifdng ngoan canh dep, vOfa
to long ngirdng mo thanh k i n h dxic Phat, x i n ngai doai
thucfng ban phuc l a n h . H a n h hiTcfng, ngifcfi m6 dao khong quen mang theo n h i l n g md tdc dai cat tCf sau