- Cdch thii ha: Phong phap thang thi&n l&n trcfi,
Don Ilia v<& nha
D6'i vdi ngifcfi nong dan D 6 n g Nam A , c 6 le khSng
m6t t h d i gian nao t r o n g nSm lai v u i , lai c 6 y nghla
hkng thcfi gian t h u hoach liia. V i th&', c 6 n h i e u h6i 11
v u i difcfc t d chiic vao d i p mua gat, ma ph6 bien nha't
la I I ccfm m d i .
T h u hoach mua mang xong, ngifcfi n 6 n g dan Lao tS
chxic h6i v u n thoc t r 6 n san (bun k h u n khau nay Ian)
d§ ta cfn cac t h i n va t d tign da p h u h6 cho vu mua b6i t h u . NhiJng ngay h6i con la dip lam phuc, lam viec t h i e n de c l u mong cho vu sau t6't hcfn, cho liia
t r o n g kho "miic Sn k h 6 n g vai, dong ra k h 6 n g can".
Ngay hoi c h i n h t h i i c bat dau k h i thoc da difcfc vun
t h a n h ddng tren san. Cac nha gia gao, lam b i i n , banh, do xoi, chu^n b i hifOng, nfi'n, hoa va m6t vai au nvfdc lanh. K h i moi t h i i c h u i n b i xong, gia chu ISy chi trSng
giSng t h a n h n h i l u vong quanh dd'ng thoc difcfc v u n sSn
tren san dap lua d ngoai ru6ng rbi mcfi cac v i sif va
ho hang t d i du. Cac v i sif doc k i n h va v i y nifdc thieng.
Nifdc thieng con lai difcfc gia chu dem viy d ruong,
viy len t r a u bo, cac n6ng cu... Sau do, gia d i n h , dang
ccfm len cho cac v i sif va lam le c i i n g cac t h i n , to
tien. K h i cac n g h i t h i t c da hoan ta't, moi ngifcfi cung
an udng, v u i ve, t r o c h u y § n ngay t r ^ n san dap liia.
Buoi t6'i, cac nha dang hifdng hoa len chua va nghe
t u n g k i n h . T r o n g k h i do, or cac Ian ngoai san dap liia, dam t h a n h ni6n nam niJ vui dua, ca miia.
Xong h6i vun thoc t r ^ n san, thoc difcfc chuyen vao kho. K h i thoc da vao kho, le hoi tiep theo difcfc t6
ch\ic. Do la h6i x6i nifdng (bun khau chi) ta cfn to
tien, nhiJng da'ng l i n h t h i e n g da p h u h6 cho v u mua tifcJi t6't. Trifdc ngay h 6 i , cac nha deu vot sSn n h i e u que tre va chuan b i mot ddng cui Idn. T r o n g ngay hoi, n h a n g ddng cui difcfc dot l&n of san chua va d tOfng
tOfng n S m n h o q u a n h n h i J n g chiec que t r e , r d i nvfdng l&n t h a n h b n g . K h i x 6 i sSp c h i n , n g i f d i t a n h a c r a , p h e t t h e m t r i i n g ga, r o i nifcJng t i e p cho c h i n v a n g .
N h i J n g nim x 6 i n i f d n g diTcfc d a t vao ^ u bac c u n g cac
m d n &n k h a c d a n g l e n chua. Sau k h i a n , cac n h a sU doc k i n h v a ke l a i cac t r u y e n P h ^ t t h o a i cho m o i ngiTdi
n g h e . B u o i 1§ keo d a i tdi c h i e u t o i .
BxXdc vao m u a gSt, t r e n da't T h a i L a n c u n g soi dong ,
tiTng b i i n g b d i h a n g loat n h i i n g le h o i m d i m l t h a n
L i i a ve n h a . K h i lua da c h u y e n h§'t ve s a n dap, m o i
n g i f d i r a d b n g n h a t n h i J n g b o n g l u a rcJi v a i . H a n h d o n g nay ducfc coi la m d i n i l th'an L i i a ve n h a . VOfa d i m o t Ilia, m o i n g i f d i vijfa k h a n : " 6 i , ni? t h a n L i i a , ngiTdi h a y t d i va vao n h a k h o . DOfng d i lac d i f d n g t r e n d b n g m a c h u o t cSn c h i m t h a . X i n niJ t h a n h a y ve n o i s u n g
sLfdng, h a y nuoi song con c h a u ciia Ngtfdi". L u a m o t
difdc goi la liia cua nCf t h ^ n L i i a v a difcfc coi la l i n h h b n ciia cay liia, d e m cat vao k h o c u n g v d i t h d c g i b n g
de d u n g c h o v u sau.
d n h i e u nai t r e n d a t T h a i L a n , l i m d i h b n liia h a y
h b n ni3 t h a n L i i a ve difcfc to chxic k h a c b n g p h u . T r i f d c
k h i l a m le, ngifdi t a c h u ^ n bj la chub'i boc m o t boc b a n h luoc m a u do, m o t hoc b a n h m a u t r S n g , m o t hoc
b a n h " t a i v o i " l a m b S n g b b t gao n e p c u n g m o t b u b n g c h u b i , m b t qua t r i J n g luoc, m o t n S m c d m h d t t r e n n b i , m o t bb q u ^ n ao m d i b a n g v a i b b n g h a y l u a . D e n g i d
t o t , n g i r d i t a r a d b n g , t r a i bb q u a n ao l&n m S t da't r b i dat db Cling l e n . NgiTdi ta lay rcfm k e t m b t h i n h ngtfdi n h o be, r b i viifa gicj h i n h ngtrdi do l e n , vCra k h a n : "NgiTdi
da d e m l a i n a n g mifa cho r u b n g d b n g sub't ca v u , nay
m d i ngtfdi t r d ve b o n g m a t cua skn dap, c u a n h a " .
C l i n g x o n g , m o i n g i f d i d e m bb qu&n ao vOfa d a t db c i i n g v"g p h u l e n db'ng liia vijfa gat, r b i cam cai h i n h n b m b a n g rcrm l e n t r e n . M b t 11 c i i n g niJa v d i n h i l n g db a n n h i f k h i c i i n g d r u b n g difcfc t i ^ n h a n h ngay t a i san dap.
TriTdc k h i ca't t h d c vao k h o , ngtfdi T h a i d T h a i L a n l a m m b t n g h i 11 n g a y t a i san d a p . Ngtfdi t a d t f n g m b t cai c h b i l l va b b t r i m b t ch5 dat t i f d n g P h a t , m b t
cho d a n h cho cac v i str. C h b i 11 t h t f d n g l a m hkng t r e ,
Igp rcfm. D b i k h i , ngtfdi t a c o n mac cac b b n g l u a vao c h b i , t r b n g n h t f n h i i n g c a n h hoa n h o r u xub'ng. T h d c cua nOr t h ^ n L i i a dtfcfc bo vao m b t chi§c b i n h bay l e n c h b i n h i f db le. T d i g i d l a m le, cac v i stf t u n g k i n h vay ntfdc t h i e n g l e n t h d c cua nOt th'&n L i i a va t h d c gibng. D&'n day, n g h i l l c i i n g coi n h t f x o n g , va m o i ngtfdi a n ubng, v u i c h a i , giai t r i ngay tr§n san dap.
K h i t h d c da cho vao k h o , c o n p h a i t i e n h a n h n g h i 11 d d n g k h o t h d c . N g t f d i t a b d t l a i d san dap k h o a n g m b t b a t t h d c day d§ l a m le d d n g cufa k h o . M b t ngifdi t u b i r b n g difdc c h o n l a m ngtfdi h a n h le, v i n h i J n g ngtfdi t u b i f b n g k h b n g l a m h a i m u a m a n g . Lb v a t t h t r d n g gbm b a n h day, t r i i n g va ccfm x d i d ph'an tr§n n b i . K h i ngtfdi t u b i r b n g l a m l l , m o i ngtfdi d u n g t h i a x i i c so t h d c b d t l a i d san vao m b t chiec b a t . VCfa x i i c t h d c , ho vCfa kha'n n i l t K a n L i i a b a n cho ho t h a t n h i e u liia de k h b n g bao g i d x i i c hb't, d o n g h e t . K h i x i i c t h d c dtfcfc 343
d^y bat, ngUdi ta d6 bat thoc do vao kho, coi nhif thoc cua ni? t h ^ n Liia.
H5i mua, cam ta than, Phat
Vao cac t h a n g Ta-doong-m6n, Na-d6, sau k h i gat hai
xong, d cac lang qu§ My-an-ma, n6ng dan vui mCfng t6 chitc h6i mxing gao mdi, n h ^ n do t h a n h ki'nh dang
tang cac nha sir mdn qua doc dao cua m i n h va c^u mong nhiJng mua vu tot tiTdi trong thdi gian t d i .
TCf xxia d My-an-ma da t r b n g ph6 big'n t d i ba mxiai
loai Ilia khac nhau. Ngon nha't, quy nha't la loai gao by-at sa-ba.
Trong cac djp tiet l i ngiTdi dan dung kauk-hnin, la
gao n§'p. Do la nguy§n lieu c h i n h d§' lam th\i banh
ta-ma-ne vao dip h6i mua.
Gia dinh t6' chiJc 11 trvfdc ti§n nhd th^y tra so tuT v i chon ngay t h i c h hcfp, sau do, sai con em tdi m6t
s6 nha ban be, ngtrdi than va lang gieng, th6ng bao y d i n h t6 chiic le cua gia d i n h m i n h , dong thdi mdi ho tdi giup lam banh. Viec lam banh d\Xac tien hanh vao
ban dem.
Su CO mat cua nhiJng ngtfdi dtfcfc mdi tao cho gia
d i n h khong k h i vui ve, nhdn n h i p . Day la dip moi ngUdi t u tap h u t thuoc, ud'ng tra, an trsku va vui ve trao dd'i vfe moi chuy§n. Rbi moi ngifdi bat tay vao lam banh. Cac chang trai dam diTcfng viec gia thoc. Ngifdi ta t h i c h dung coi gia thoc cho tra'u bong ra, chii" khong qua "cong doan" xay. Cai coi gia, gidng coi gia truy'fen
thfifng cua ngtfdi ViSt, gfem mdt than g6 dai, dau nang g i n chay gia con dau kia de giam chan len.
Trong k h i do, cac c6 gai lau rijfa bat dla rbi s i p xS'p
sin sang. Dac bi§t, loai dia scfn mai lam bang tre, difcfc
dung di^ng banh ta-ma-ne. Ngifdi ta ciing dung la co dvfng t h i t .
Suot dem, do i t viec ma nhieu ngifdi - du ca tre gia trai gai - nen khdng k h i vui ve t r a n dang. Dam thanh
ni&n nam n i l dac biet t r a n h t h u ccf hoi nay di tha
cho nhau n h i i n g Idi bong Icfn vui nhdn.
Banh ta-ma-ne dxxac lam t i f gao nep trdn vdi dCra
thai mong, vCrng, toi, giing, hat tieu nen thdm ngon, mang nhieu hiTcfng v i . Tam gid sang, chvi nha cung gia d i n h mang ta-ma-ne difng trong nhiJng chiec hop scm mai h i n h chop tdi chua k i n h can dang tang cac nha sif.
Cac nha sif nhan banh va khdng qu&n dan nhCTng ngudi dang tang banh luon giiJ gin gidi luat de sdm thoat khoi n h i i n g vong ddi day kho dau. Moi ngiTdi cam ta, vai chao nha sif, ra ve, tiep tuc lam banh ta-ma-ne. Banh chin, gia chii sai con em mac ao quan dep va cai hoa tren toe, tCfng top mang banh t d i bieu ban be than hOfu va lang gieng, de chia se niem vui difcfc mua cung vdi ho.
Ngirdi Tay Nguyen (Viet Nam) cho rang Ya P6m (Ba P6m) - niJ than nong nghiep - c h i n h la ngtfdi dem lai mtfa nang cho cay liia. V i the, sau k h i t h u hoach xong, hau nhtf tat ca cac dan toe Tay Nguyen (feu to 345
chiJc h 6 i m u a d§' t a cm Y a P 6 m . D6'i v d i d b n g bao TSy N g u y e n , h o i m u a c o n la n h i J n g n g a y v u i chcJi g i a i t r i sau n h i J n g t h a n g lao d o n g m e t n h o c . H 6 i m u a cua n g i r d i T a y N g u y e n keo dai suot ba ngay ba d e m l i e n . T r o n g n h i J n g ngay do, bep cac n h a l u o n do lufa, cac n h a deu g i e t I a n , mo ga, mcf ghe riftfu va l a m n h i ^ u db §n n g o n . C h i e c c o t bu6c ghe rvfOu dtfgc d a n g giiJa n h a . N h i J n g mig'ng t h i t n g o n nh§'t, q u y n h ^ ' t dtrac d a n g c u n g t a an Ya P o m . C u n g x o n g , m o i ngifcfi d a n h c b n g c h i e n g , n h a y m u a , §n u b n g subt ba ngay ba d§m. T h e o p h o n g t u c cua> ngiTcfi T a y N g u y e n c h i k h i da t b . c h d c x o n g h o i m u a m d i diTcfc lay t h o c t r o n g k h o r a Sn, m d i dtfcfc tig'n h a n h n h a n g h o i l i k h a c . N e u a i la'y t h o c r a a n hoac l a m b a t k y m o t n g h i 11 nao triTdc h o i m u a , se bj Y a P o m b a t t o i , k h b n g p h u ho cho diTcfc m u a . V i t h e , le t a cfn Y a P o m bao g i d c u n g la le h 6 i d&u t i e n t r o n g nSm.
V u h o i dirdri t r a n g
Sau m 6 i m u a gat h a i , m b t s6' d a n toe d p h i a hAc
D o n g D u a n g - n h i r cac toe n g i r d i t h u 6 c Meo, Dao, L i , B u i . . . - to ch\ic n h i i n g n g a y h o i t h a t doc dao, m a suT sach T r u n g Qubc xUa goi b a n g n h i l n g cai t e n k h a c
n h a u : " v u h 6 i dtfdi t r a n g " , "mvia hoa", " h o i tvX do q u a n
he n a m n i J " , " m i i a k h e n " .
O n g i r d i H ' m o n g , sau v u gat, t h a n h n i e n n a m n i l
h a i l a n g gan n h a u va c6 q u a n he h o n n h a n v d i n h a u keo d e n m o t k h u d b n g , t i e n h a n h " v u h b i d i l d i t r a n g " . D e n v u i h o i , con c6 ca cac bac c h a me, b n g ba. S\X cd
m a t cua cac da'ng b^ trfen con g i a cho ngay h b i dUdc v u i , t r a t tLf. Cd b b me, b n g ba m i n h t d i diJ, cac c6 gai
k h d n g cxXdi dua va k h i c h bac qua t r d n cac c h a n g t r a i , cac c h a n g t r a i k h b n g gay gb hay d a n h n h a u k h i g i a n h t i n h y§u cua cac cb gai.
T i i s a n g sdm t d i dem k h u y a , t r a i gai c u n g dua t a i : t r a i t r b t a i t h b i k h e n , gai t r b t a i k h a u va, t h e u t h u a . H o v i i a v u i c h a i , dua n g h i c h , vijfa t i m h i e u , k i n dao to t i n h v d i n h a u . K h i t r a n g l e n cao la cube v u i l e n den d i n h d i e m . M e n r i r a u , m e n t i n h n g a m bbc. Cac c h a n g t r a i t r b h e t t a i vao t i e n g k h e n , cac cb gai t r b h e t t a i t r o n g d i e u m i i a . Tufng cap, tiifng cap say n h a u . G a n g ve k h u y a , c a n g t h e m n h i ? n g cap t r a i gai l a n g ie r u t k h o i cube v u i c h u n g , diTa n h a u vao n u i .
T a i v u h b i dem t r a n g , vai t r b cua cac cb gai t h a t I d n . Cac cb m u b n c h o n c h a n g t r a i nao t h i c h o n . Sau dem h b i , cd t h e cd cap t r a i gai t h a n h v d ehbng. N e u m o t cb gai nao do ehifa m u b n lay e h b n g t h i cb d u n g
cac la t h u b c ngi^a t h a i ngay tOf trvfdc k h i c u n g c h a n g
t r a i d a t n h a u vao n i i i , vao rOfng.
T h e o q u a n n i e m cua ngvfdi H ' m b n g va cac tbc ngifdi k h a c , " v u h b i d e m t r a n g " k i c h t h i c h dat t r d i , la ma t h u a t giao cam gay p h b n thi^c cho dat dai, cube sbng.
T a ofn h o n l i i a
H b i m u a d Lao d i l n r a ngay ngoai r u b n g de 11 " h o n Ilia". T h o c sau k h i dap diidc v u n t h a n h d b n g I d n ngoai d b n g . Ngi/di t a c h o n ngay l a n h l a m 11, m d i ba con ho
h a n g d§'n d\X, mcfi sU tang d&'n doc k i n h . T6'i den la h a t d6i dap, la b i e u d i e n cvia cac ngh§ si d^n giart. Sau k h i n h a sxi cku k i n h , m o i n g i f d i v^y n\X6c xu6'ng
d a t de nil th'^n dat c h i i n g g i a m l o n g t h a n h cua m i n h .
G i a c h u d e m I I v a t gbm k h o a i , cau, rifcfu r a goc r u 6 n g
mcfi h b n lua ve d\i le, r b i dat m 6 t h i n h n h a n bang
«rtfm t i r g n g t r i m g cho l u a l e n d o n g lua. M o i ngirdi l a m le c h i i c p h u c , bu6c c h i c6 t a y cho gia c h u , mOfng l u a
da t r d vfe va cku liia k h 6 n g bao gicf rcfi k h o . K e t t h i i c
n g a y h o i la cuoc rifdc l u a ve n h a . H i n h n h S n lua ngvi t r e n chiec xe d i dSu, tie'p sau la cac xe chor t h o c ve
n h a gia c h u . T d i n h a , h i n h n h a n dagc dat t r o n g k h o
t h o c de n g a n ngda hoa h o a n , de t h o c t r o n g k h o "xiic
k h o n g vcti, d o n g k h o n g c a n " . Sau k h i d o n g cuTa k h o , gia c h u t r e o c a n h la CSLU may t r i i d c ciira.
Sau h 6 i v u n t h o c , ngif&i Lao c6 h o i x 6 i nufdng. V& t h t f c c h a t , day la h o i mCfng c a m m d i , bay t o l o n g b i e t cfn h b n liia, t h a n da't va cac d a n g t h i e n g l i e n g da p h u
ho cho v u m u a t\xai t o t .
d C a m - p u - c h i a , I I t a cfn h b n lua c u n g diTcfc tS c h i i c
vao t h a n g ba n h u a Lao va g b m c6 h o i dang liJfa, h o i
v u n d o n g t h o c va h o i rifdc t h o c . H o i d a n g lufa va v u n d o n g t h o c ducfc to c h d c ngay ngoai r u o n g hoac t r o n g l a n g hay t r e n san c h u a . NgiTdi t a v u n m 6 t d o n g t h o c
to a giiJa r u o n g (hay b a i , san) r b i dot m o t d o n g lufa.
XX