Assessment quality of domestic water and propose clean water treatment model in dong lien commune thai nguyen city thai nguyen province

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY NGUYEN THI VINH ASSESSMENT QUALITY OF DOMESTIC WATER AND PROPOSE CLEAN WATER TREATMENT MODEL IN DONG LIEN COMMUNE, THAI NGUYEN CITY, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office Batch : 2014-2018 Type : On-the-Job Training (OJT) Thai Nguyen – 21/09/2018 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name NGUYEN THI VINH Student ID DTN1454290037 Assessment quality of domestic water and propose clean Thesis title water treatment model in Dong Lien commune, Thai Nguyen city, Thai Nguyen province Supervisor Assoc Prof Phan Dinh Binh Supervisor’s signature Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the current water quality and propose a clean water treatment model in Dong Lien Commune, Thai Nguyen City Thai Nguyen Province through the practice at Department of Natural Resources and Environment Thai Nguyen Province to provide appropriate solutions to improve water quality The main tasks of the Department of Water Resources, Hydro-meteorology, and Climate Change include firstly the appraisal of schemes and projects on the exploitation and use of water resources, the transfer of water between river basins submit to the provincial People's Committee for approval The second is the organization that i determines the limit of water exploitation for rivers, reservoirs, water reserves and areas where water is restricted; plan of water distribution and allocation in the area This is a good condition to facilitate the assessment of water quality as the main purpose of this report Besides, there are still many difficulties in the proposed water treatment model for household size Presently, water supply and rural environment sanitation is playing an important part in the policies of rural development and environmental protection in industrialization People's awareness about the use of clean water is increasing because the benefits of clean water are immensely practical In addition, one of the most effective models of clean water treatment is the use of filtration Water environment, water quality , treatment, Key words : environmental standards, models, clean water Number of pages: 52 Date of submission: 21/09/2018 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT After practicing at the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Thai Nguyen province, I have applied much knowledge gained in the field and gained much experience for myself in my later career In order to successfully complete the internship, I would like to express my gratitude to the teachers in the Faculty of Environmental Science and Management for teaching and imparting knowledge and skills to a stable and confident student during the internship I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc Prof Phan Dinh Binh for his invaluable useful comments, remarks, encouragement and engagement through the learning process of this graduated thesis I also thank the support of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, the coordinators and program managers for their support and assistance I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to my classmates, who supported me throughout this course, by their aspiring guidance, invaluable constructive criticism, and friendly advice I am sincerely grateful to them for sharing their truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues related to my thesis I also would like to express my sincere thanks to Mr Nguyen Van Lieu (Deputy Head of Water Resources, Hydro-meteorology, and Climate Change) and his colleagues in the Department of Water Resources, Hydro-meteorology, and Climate Change has helped to create favorable conditions for me to complete my internship Due to the limited knowledge, the practical experience is not much, so my report still has many shortcomings and limitations So I hope the teachers in the faculty and colleagues in the training organization contribute ideas to complete my report Thank you all very much! Sincerely yours, Nguyen Thi Vinh iii TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii TABLE OF CONTENT iv LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Contents of work 1.4 Profile of the cooperating agency .3 1.5 Description of my activities 1.6 Timeline CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 International literature review 2.1.1 Water resources in the world 2.1.2 Water resources and situation of water pollution in the world .7 2.1.3 Scientific background 2.2 National literature review .11 2.2.1 Water source of Vietnam .11 2.2.2 The situation of surface water resources in Thai Nguyen province 13 2.2.4 The concept of water resources and water pollution 14 2.2.5 The concept of clean water and hygienic water 15 2.2.6 Water quality parameters .17 iv CHAPTER III: STATUS OF THE CONSIDERED ISSUE AT THE TRAINING AGENCY .19 3.1 Object and scope of the study .19 3.2 Location and time conduct .19 3.3 Research contents 19 3.4 Method 20 3.5 Results 22 3.5.1 Water resources and status water use situation in Dong Lien commune 22 3.5.2 Assessment of quality water in Dong Lien Commune - Thai Nguyen City .23 CHAPTER IV: DISCUSSION AND LESSON LEARNED 31 4.1 Discussion .31 4.1.1 Solution of international 31 4.1.2 Solution of Vietnam 35 4.1.2.1 Some models and methods of domestic water supply are applied 35 4.1.2.2 Some water treatment technology and water supply model for household 38 4.1.2.3 Propose clean water treatment model for households in Dong Lien 44 4.2 Lesson learned 48 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION .49 REFERENCES 50 APPENDICES .56 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: World water distribution .6 Figure 3.1: Type of water for domestic purposes 23 Figure 3.2: People's opinion on status of water surface quality in Dong Lien .29 Figure 3.3: Some problems of surface water source in Dong Lien commune 29 Figure 4.1: Model Community Water Treatment in the United States 34 Figure 4.2: Diagram of clean water treatment technology provided to households .45 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Diary of training .4 Table 2.1: Water reserves in the world Table 3.1: The indicators, methods of determining and comparing standards .21 Table 3.2: Groundwater sampling site in Dong Lien Commune 21 Table 3.3: Results of domestic water analysis 24 Table 3.4: Water quality of Cau River flows through Thai Nguyen city 25 Table 3.5: Pond water quality in Dong Lien commune 26 Table 3.6: Results of well water quality analysis in Dong Lien commune 28 Table 3.7: Water quality in Dong Lien commune 30 Table 4.1: General classification of impurities, water quality and technology corresponding processing equipment 39 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations Meaning BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BTNMT Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DO Dissolved Oxygen ISO International Organization for Standardization QCVN Vietnam standard TCN Aquifer TCVN Vietnam standard TSS Turbidity & suspend solids WHO World Health Organization viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale In recent years, the economic and social development of Vietnam has made remarkable achievements, many lives have been improved Vietnam is being in the process of industrialization, development, and modernization and has made great achievements in many fields Along with the rapid progress of the country, the goal of conserving the environment always has been the one of the main interest of different Parties and the entire State Environmental protection is both objectives and one of the basic content for sustainable development concerns However, the population and socio-economic growth rate are growing, people must adapt and their lives should be improved as well as in response to the changes, advancements, and progress In Vietnam, in recent years environmental pollution situation has become serious and most commonly lead to degradation of land, water, air, especially in the large places like urban areas Vietnam has a total surface water reserve of about 950 billion , of which Mekong River in the Mekong Delta is 520 billion River is 120 billion and the Red (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2011) The demand for water in Vietnam is increasing, while the water pollution is more serious Every day, people have to use much more water for their daily activities Each person per day to about 1-2 liters of drinking water, the average demand for the activities of each of 10-15 liters/day for personal hygiene; 20-200 liters/day for bathing; 20-50 liters/day for cooking; 40-80 liters/day for machine wash Water is a renewable resource but it has to use a balance of reserves and regeneration to survive and develop lifelong Humans, animals, plants will not survive - Sterilized by ultraviolet (UV) - Sterilization by ultrasound - Sterilized with silver ion  Synthesis method In fact, the water supply is not very polluting factors, so the removal of pollutants combines different physicochemical measures to achieve optimum treatment efficiency Synthesis methods include: - Deodorant and taste by making fresh, powerful oxidizing agent, activated carbon - Soften the water by thermal methods, chemical methods, methods ion exchange - Desalination and desalination in water by ion exchange, electricity stool, membrane filtration, heat or distillation 4.1.2.3 Propose clean water treatment model for households in Dong Lien commune 4.1.2.3.a Principle of technology selection At present, people in Dong Lien commune are using the water supply wells as digging wells and drilled wells The quality of water sources in the commune is relatively uniform, the level of pollution is mainly iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) Lead (Pb), coliform, Fecal coli and high stiffness Therefore, the model of water treatment technology for households in the commune is relatively homogeneous Based on raw water quality in the commune and water quality requirements after treatment, general technology lines are selected for water treatment as follows: 44 Collecting water source (dug well or drilled well) Make airy Oxidation of iron and manganese Filtration with quartz sand for filtration and separation of impurities Organic treatment by activated carbon Water hardness treatment by Cationit exchange particle Underground storage tanks (Clean water meets the standards of the Ministry of Health) Pumped to storage tanks for domestic supply Figure 4.2: Diagram of clean water treatment technology provided to households 45 4.1.2.3.b Description of water treatment technology - At the floor making airy: Drilled wells or dug wells are pumped to the floor for natural ventilation (For households to reduce construction costs can replace the natural floor by spraying platform, specifically can use perforated plastic pipes, then pump water through perforated plastic pipes) Here the water is exposed to oxygen of the air, ferric iron II in water will oxidize to iron Fe III Fe(OH)3 precipitated, easily deposited to separate from water Because manganese is usually present in parallel with iron in the form of valence II in groundwater, the manganese removal process is conducted at the same time with the process of reducing iron Manganese II in water will oxidize to the manganese IV Mn(OH)4, precipitating, depositing to separate from the water by settling, filtering - At the quartz sand pool: After passing through the floor making airy, the sediment is formed into a quartz sand filter so that the suspended with small particle size are not likely to precipitate when depositing natural (filtered residue size