Assessing the quality of domestic water in thuy xuan tien commune, chuong my district, ha noi

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY STUDENT THESIS Title ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF DOMESTIC WATER IN THUY XUAN TIEN COMMUNE, CHUONG MY DISTRICT, HANOI Major: Natural Resources Management Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Student: Bui Quynh Trang Student ID: 1253090035 Class: K57 Natural Resources Management Course: 2012 – 2016 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Assoc Prof TRAN QUANG BAO, Ph.D Hanoi, November – 2016 ABSTRACT Thuy Xuan Tien, which locates in the west of Chuong My district, is a small commune of Hanoi The population is quite crowded and the economy is increasing fast Along with this development, the demand for clean water of local people is also going up However, the quality of domestic water in the village has not been properly concerned To assess the water quality, the thesis used variety research methods such as: Method of interviewing, data processing and assessment of the domestic water quality in the commune by examining some chemical indicators such as: pH, hardness, Fe The research results show that the domestic water of Thuy Xuan Tien is relatively clean except two villages: Xuan Linh, Xuan Sen There are some limestone mountains in these areas and they are the main reasons making the ground water harder than the other areas However, the water hardness of these two villages is still in the standard of QCVN 02 BYT/2009 and has not harmed to the local people’s health yet Business, increasing number of people in the commune and bad awareness of people are major socio – economic development activities that contribute to the degradation of Thuy Xuan Tien domestic water quality To contribute to improve the quality of domestic water, the thesis propose some solutions such as: using high – technology machine, applying some new policies for water management, raising awareness of local people about the importance of domestic water quality and protecting the environment Key words: Domestic water quality, assess the water quality, drinking water, drilling wells, digging wells, self-supplied water ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Assoc Prof Tran Quang Bao for continuous support of my studt and related research, for his patience, motivation, and immense knowledge His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis The study would not have been possible without his support Secondly, I would like to thank the authority of Thuy Xuan Tien commune for supporting and giving me the chance to study in the commune Besides, I also thank the local people in villages for providing valuable information and data of the area Last but not least, I wish to thank Dr Bui Van Nang and Ms Nguyen Thi Ngoc Bich of the Center of Laboratory and Practice of Vietnam Forestry University for providing me with the measure instruments and helping me measure the initial indicators to complete my thesis TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1.1 The current domestic water situation 1.2 Literature Review Chapter II STUDY GOAL AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES…………….……………6 2.1 Study goal and objectives Chapter III METHODOLOGY………………………………………………….………7 3.1 Study area…………………………………………………………………………….7 3.2 Interviewing 3.3 Sampling methods 3.3 The sampling locations 10 3.4 Analytical methods in laboratory 12 Chapter IV RESULTS 16 4.1 Current use of domestic water in Thuy Xuan Tien commune 16 4.1.1 The main water resource of local people 16 4.1.2 The water supply situation 18 4.1.4 Demand for pumping water (centralized water supply) 19 4.2.1 Results of digging well samples analysis 21 4.2.3 Results of pumping water sample analysis (Be Tong Apartments J106 Nursery School) 28 4.2.4 Rain water analysis results 31 Chapter V: DICUSSION 32 5.1 Assessing the quality of domestic water in Thuy Xuan Tien commune 32 5.2 Proposing some solutions 33 5.2.1 Technology solutions 33 5.2.2 Solutions for water management 35 5.2.3 Solutions to raise awareness of local people 35 5.2.4 The limitations of the study 36 Chapter VI: CONCLUSION 37 REFERENCES 38 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 The sampling sites locations 11 Table 4.1 Water source of domestic use in Thuy Xuan Tien commune 16 Table 4.2: The assessment of local people about the amount of domestic water 18 Table 4.3: The assessment of local people about domestic water quality 18 Table 4.4: Demand of using pumping water 19 Table 4.5 Results of water sample wells analysis in Thuy Xuan Tien Commune (2016) 20 Table 4.6: The drilling water sample analysis………………………………………….….26 Table 4.7: Results of pumping water sample analysis……………………………………29 Table 4.8: The rainwater analysis results in Thuy Xuan Tien commune 31 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 The map of Chuong My District………………………………………………… …7 Figure 4.1: The amount of pH in water samples compared to the water quality standards 23 Figure 4.2: Water Hardness in water sample compared to the water quality standards 24 Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1.1 The current domestic water situation Domestic water is the water used in every household to serve living purposes such as drinking, food preparation, bathing, washing clothes and dishes, flushing toilets, and watering lawns and gardens Domestic water use includes potable and non-potable water provided to households by a public water supplier (domestic deliveries) and self-supplied water use Self-supplied domestic water use is typically withdrawn from a private source, such as a well, or captured as rainwater in a cistern (USGS, Domestic Water Use, 2014) In recent years, the issues of water quality and supplying of domestic water to the people has always been the concern of the scientists, managers, distributors and users There is a phenomenon, many people are not really comfortable with the current used water, this is evidenced by the application of individual treatment methods ranging from the use of raw water filter homemade or the modern filters, water purification machines to import as RO, Kangaroo Besides, to facilitate and ensure domestic water is used as the type of bottled water available in the market Considering in this respect, there are two problems arises The first, water in prefilled and filtered water from the RO equipment is cleaned and how neccesary is it? Secondly, when considering the aspect of social justice, the family can not afford to buy bottled water or filtered modern equipment will have to use the water which is supposed to be assured of the quality and the risk of health bad effects The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that six million people are blind due to trachoma and more than 150 million people are in need of treatment The pathogen and diseases, which are related to water, rises very fast and powerfully such as dysentery, cholera and skin diseases, have been occurring in the developed and developing countries According to statistics of Global Health at Harvard University, the World Health Organization and the World Bank, annually there are about billion cases of diarrhea, which killed 2.2 million people, mainly children under years of age (each 15 second, a child is killed) This figure accounts for about 15% of children die of all causes in the developing countries However, in Vietnam, as well as water quality management was not really good The water management is also separated, less focused and less expanded in most of the localities in the country Hanoi is the biggest city of Vietnam Therefore, the domestic water quality issue is also a concern of scientists and local people A series of water treatment plants have been built in recent years to satisfy the rapidly growing demand in the city Hanoians live in fear that they may one day suffer deadly diseases because of the unsafe water Dr Pham Hung Viet, Director of the Center for Environment Technology Research and Sustainable Development, affirmed that the treated water still has arsenic, manganese and chlorine concentrations well above Vietnamese and World Health Organization (WHO) standards Also according to Dr.Viet, only the Ngoc Ha street - Ba Dinh District is churning out water with an arsenic concentration meeting the standard of under 0.01 mg per liter Meanwhile, water with high arsenic concentrations is still dispensed by other plants, including Phap Van, Nam Du, Yen Phu, Luong Yen and Thanh Tri (VietnamNet, 2014) Assessing the quality of domestic water in Thanh Xuan district, Tran Cong Khanh been studied and published in the journal Science No 7/1996 Land Vietnam There have been many studies of the scientists on water quality, but generally they only concentrated on the inner city of Hanoi, where the population is high The scientists are not really interested in researching the suburban areas because the cost analysis is relatively high Thuy Xuan Tien is a small commune of Chuong My District, Hanoi It has hamlets: Xuan Thuy, Xuan Linh, Xuan Sen, Xuan Long, Xuan Trung, Go Cao, Tien An, Tien Truong, Tri Thuy The commune is in the progress with the development of economic activity - society and increasingly expanding There are many offices, schools, supermarkets concentrating there Therefore, the demand of local people for domestic water is very large This is the pressure on the system of socio-economic development Domestic water supply resource is various in the area, but mostly groundwater In the process of formation and development, the local people still use groundwater for drinking and production However, due to the long exploitation period and the risk of pollution from domestic sewage, the quality of groundwater in some places can not be guaranteed, because of the increased concentrations of some environmental parameters, or the appearance of the substance, strange organism Currently, there is no concrete studies can evaluate the quality of reserves and domestic water made by the specialized agencies Although the observation was carried out every year, but this activity is only superficial, the indicators did not analyze specifically and the analysis results are not communicated to the people Therefore, we need more specific researches to improve water quality and the solutions to ensure clean water for residents in the area For those reasons, I come up with a goal of “assessing the quality of domestic water in Thuy Xuan Tien commune, Chuong My district, Hanoi, Vietnam” to be my study in order to contribute in raising awareness of the users to the problem of water quality and propose solutions to the goal of providing clean water to local people 1.2 Literature Review Domestic water or potable water is defined as that having acceptable quality in terms of its physical, chemical, bacteriological and acceptability parameters so that it can be safely used for drinking and cooking ( WHO, 2004 ) World Health Organization (WHO) defines domestic water to be safe as long as it does not cause the population any significant health risks over a life time of consumption and effort should be made to maintain drinking water quality at the highest possible level Any group of people that (b) Hardness (measured by CaCO3) According to the AWG, the amount of CaCO3 less than 60 mg/l is soft water but it may have corrosive When the amount of CaCO3 of value in terms of 60-200 mg/l is a good quality, the amount of CaCO3 increases from 200-500 mg/l starts increasing sedimentation problems in the device or storage water is greater than 500 mg/l causes serious scaling Due to such influences, the water softener is necessary However, currently most detergents contain components against the effects of hard water to the foam, in many water supply, especially in the delta area, the water softener is not applied But when the water is supplied to the domestic hot water system, the water softener needs to be done to reduce the damage caused by the formation of plaques in the water heating device Similar requirements for the case of water used for boilers or cooling towers Common method for handling the exchange of hardness ions, including chemotherapy 2Ca + ions or Mg2+ is replaced by times valence cations such as Na + or K + The figure 4.2 shows the results of measured samples in hamlets compared to the Vietnamese water quality and ADWG quality Water Hardness (by 400 350 300 350 350 301 300 300 245 271 250 212 200 200 200 164 150 Hardness in water samples QCVN 01: 2009/BYT QCVN 02: 2009/BYT ADWG 157 100 120 115 50 S03 S04 S05 S06 S09 S10 S11 S12 Figure 4.2: Water Hardness in water sample compared to the water quality standards 24 Figure 4.6 shows, all measured values are within the permissible standards of NTR 02: 2009 / BYT, but samples (S03, S10; S12) have the hardness are 271, 212, 245 mg/l respectively, at which the hardness slightly greater than specified in NTR 01: 2009 / BYT for sensory quality in drinking water of Vietnam ( 300 mg/l), but much greater than the aesthetic guidance of ADWG (200 mg/l) Along with interviews with users at the point of sampling show that the use of water has a significant impact on daily life, such as the creation of opaque white limestone film in the area of water use such as the sink, faucet, and causing discomfort to the users Moreover, the survey shows that many people have the psychological fear of water use and it might cause a negative impact on health And to solve the problem, many families use the modern equipment such as RO water filter or water filter KOREA King, but not have a specialized device to soften water 4.2.2 Results of drilling well water sample analysis In order to assess the quality of well water, the subject selection criteria: odor, pH, hardness, total iron, manganese, fluorine Results of water samples analyzed wells are presented in Table 4.6 below: 25 Table 4.6: The drilling water sample analysis No Parameters Unit Sample S01 Odour No - S07 - Water quality standard S08 - S13 QCVN01:2009/ QCVN02:2009/B - BYT YT No No ADWG, 2006 (a) – (b) Acceptable pH Hardness 6.5 Mg 160 6.5 132 220 6.5 – 8.5 6.5 112 300 CaCO3/l Fe Mn Mg/l Mg/l 0.051 0.125 0.034 0.02 0.042 0.11 0.1 0.3