Evaluating the status and proposing some soltions to improve domestic water quality in xuan mai town chuong my district ha noi

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY STUDENT THESIS Title EVALUATING THE STATUS AND PROPOSING SOME SOLTIONS TO IMPROVE DOMESTIC WATER QUALITY IN XUAN MAI TOWN, CHUONG MY DISTRICT, HA NOI Major: Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Student: Nguyen Dieu Huyen Student ID: 1453092195 Class: K59 Natural Resources Management Course: 2014 – 2018 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Assoc Prof Bui Xuan Dung Ha Noi, 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, I would like to express my great appreciation to Assoc Prof Bui Xuan Dung who is my adviser for supporting me during conducting the thesis Without his patient guidance, motivation and immense knowledge, this thesis could not be completed Secondly, I also would like to say thanks to lecturers, who have taught us for more than years and to the cooperation of Vietnam National University of Forestry and Colorado State University, especially, the faculty of Forest Resources and Environment Management Besides, I also deeply thanks to M.Sc Bui Van Nang and Ms Nguyen Thi Ngoc Bich of the Center for Environmental Analysis and Geospatial Applications for providing me with the measurement instruments and helping me measure the indicators to complete my thesis Finally, I would like to thanks to my family, my friends who always encourage, take care and help me to overcome difficulties in the life i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i TABLE OF CONTENTS ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS i LIST OF TABLES iii ABSTRACT I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Literature review 1.2.1 Some indicators used to evaluate the quality of domestic water 1.2.2 Effects of some indicators in domestic water on human health 1.2.3 Some research about the domestic water in the world and Vietnam II GOALS AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 11 2.1 Goals 11 2.2 Specific objectives 11 III STUDY SITE AND METHODS 12 3.1 Selection of research site 12 3.1.1 Natural conditions 13 3.1.2 Social-economic conditions 14 3.2 Methods 15 3.2.1 Investigating the situation of domestic water use of households 15 ii 3.2.2 Evaluating the quality of domestic water in Xuan Mai 16 3.2.3 Laboratory sample processing 21 3.2.4 Comparative assessment method 21 3.2.5 Building up the level distribution map for water quality 22 IV RESULTS & DISCUSSION 25 4.1 The situation of domestic water use of households in Xuan Mai town 25 4.1.1 The type of domestic water use in Xuan Mai town 25 4.1.2 The type of water treatment equipment in Xuan Mai town 27 4.1.3 The water supply situation in Xuan Mai town 28 4.1.4 Demand for tap water 28 4.2 Evaluating the domestic water quality in Xuan Mai town 29 4.2.1 Evaluating the domestic water quality through questionnaires 29 4.2.2 Evaluating the domestic water quality through indicators analysis 31 4.2.3 Causes of domestic water pollution in Xuan Mai through interview 39 4.2.4 Spatial distribution map of water quality level in Xuan Mai 40 4.3 Proposing some solution to improve the domestic water quality in Xuan Mai 42 4.3.1 Technology solutions 42 4.3.2 Solutions for water management 43 4.3.3 Solutions to raise awareness of local people 44 V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 45 5.1 Conclusion 45 iii 5.2 Limitations 46 5.3 Recommendations 46 REFERENCES 47 APPENDIX 49 iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS DWAF Department of Water Affairs and Forestry EPA Environmental Protection Agency GIS Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System IDW Inverse Distance Weighted UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization USGS United States Geological Survey QCVN National Standard of Vietnam TDS Total Dissolved Solid WHO World Health Organization i LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 Map of study site 12 Figure 3.2 Investigating locations for the interview in study site 16 Figure 3.3 Sampling location in study site 17 Figure 3.4 Methodology flowchart 24 Figure 3.5 IDW methods for each parameter 24 Figure 4.1 The type of domestic water use in Xuan Mai town 25 Figure 4.2 Some measures used to treat water resources in Xuan Mai town 27 Figure 4.3 Evaluating of households in hamlets about domestic water quality 29 Figure 4.4 The amount of pH in water samples compared to standards 32 Figure 4.5 The amount of TDS in water samples compared to standards 33 Figure 4.6 The amount of turbidity in water samples compared to standards 34 Figure 4.7 The amount of hardness in water samples compared to standards 35 Figure 4.8 The amount of Chloride in water samples compared to standards 36 Figure 4.9 The amount of Fe in water samples compared to standards 37 Figure 4.10 The amount of Mn in water samples compared to standards 38 Figure 4.11 The amount of N-NH4 in water samples compared to standards 39 Figure 4.12 Domestic water quality map in Xuan Mai 40 Figure 4.13 The results about domestic water quality between two methods 41 ii LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Location of sampling sites in Xuan Mai town 17 Table 3.2 Analysis methods of water quality indicators in laboratory 21 Table 3.3 Limits of water quality indicators 22 Table 3.4 Ranking and classification of water quality zones 24 Table 4.1 The assessment of local people about of domestic water 28 Table 4.2 Demand of using tap water in Xuan Mai town 28 Table 4.3 Evaluate the percentage of households about domestic water quality 30 iii ABSTRACT Xuan Mai is a small town in the west of Hanoi The population is quite crowded and the economy is increasing fast Along with this development, the demand for clean water of local people is also going up However, the quality of domestic water in the village has not been properly concerned To assess the water quality, the thesis used various research methods such as semi-structured interview with questionnaires, stratified sampling method, data processing and assessment of the domestic water quality in the town by examining some indicators like pH, TDS, hardness, turbidity, chloride, Fe, Mn, N-NH4+ In addition, the project has used ArcMap software to build up the level distribution map to water quality in Xuan Mai The research results has compared with QCVN 01:2009/BYT, QCVN 02:2009/BYT and WHO, 2017 that express some indicators in water samples exceed the allowable limit In which, 16 samples with the contents of iron exceed allowed value of QCVN 02:2009/BYT, 12 samples with manganese contents are higher than the allowable value for drinking water There are some water samples that are taken next market, next agricultural area and river that having many wastes water, pesticides and flood However, this water sources haven’t not harmed to the local people’s health yet Business, increasing number of people in the town and bad awareness of people are major socio-economic development activities that contribute to the degradation of Xuan Mai domestic water quality To contribute to improve the quality of domestic water, the thesis proposes some solutions such as: using high-technology machine, applying some new policies for water management, raising awareness of local people about the importance of domestic water quality I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Domestic water is the water used for indoor (69%) and outdoor (31%) household purposes such as drinking, preparing food, bathing, washing clothes and dishes, brushing your teeth, watering the yard and garden Domestic water use includes potable and nonpotable water provided to households by a public water supplier (domestic deliveries) and self-supplied water use Self-supplied domestic water use is typically withdrawn from a private source, such as a well or captured as rainwater in a cistern (USGS, Domestic Water Use, 2015) In addition, domestic water sources are highly variable in terms of quality and quantity and depending on the situation, the sources include a stream, a spring, a hand-dug well, a borehole with hand-pump, a rainwater collection system, a piped water supply with tap or house connection, or water vendors (U.S Prasad & Indranil De, 2016) In the United States, having approximately two-thirds of the population consumes domestic water from surface water sources And approximately one-third of the population drinks water from groundwater sources (EPA, 2017) Besides, according to the 2011 Census of India, more than half of rural households depend upon hand pumps as their main source of drinking water (U.S Prasad & Indranil De, 2016) In many countries in the world, groundwater is considered to be the main source of drinking water, including Vietnam (according to the General Department of Environment, groundwater accounts for about 35% to 40% of the total domestic water supply) Moreover, tap water (mainly in urban) and rainwater (mainly in rural) are also commonly used in Vietnam (Chi, 2018) The same as domestic water sources, the demand for domestic water use in countries are also different According to UNEP, domestic water consumption in - Due to the development of agriculture: The more agriculture is developed, the more fertilizer used for intensive farming and the higher the productivity of crops The amount of fertilizer used for growing crops is accumulated in the surface soil infiltrate in the underground water - Solid wastes and domestic wastewater are not collected and treated, it leads to pollute the surface water and contaminate groundwater - Due to the rainy season, some areas are still submerged in water for long periods of time and the surrounding wastes can affect the quality of the groundwater - Exploitation and drilling of wells are not ensured, weak structure leads to groundwater leakage, causing water to become turbid - Lack of propaganda and dissemination of knowledge to the people about the importance of groundwater and measures to protect water resources, so many boreholes after use has not been filled up and become a connecting window between the layer that leading to substances pollution from the surface down underground 4.2.4 Spatial distribution map of water quality level in Xuan Mai Water quality level distribution map is generated using overlaying all parameter maps Figure 4.12 Domestic water quality map in Xuan Mai 40 This map shows that there are three levels of water quality The area for most clean level can be found on a large area at the east of Tan Mai and the south of Chien Thang and the west of Tan Xuan These areas for most clean level cover 17,6% (about 185,13 ha) of the total study area The rest of the study area, which is about 46,2% (485,96 ha), has water classified as clean water level In addition, some areas have less clean water quality that covers 36,2 % of the total study area These concentrate in the southeast of Xuan Mai, particularly in some hamlets like Bui Xa, Dong Vai, Xuan Mai and Tien Truong In general, domestic water quality in Xuan Mai is mainly less clean in the southeast and a part in the center of Xuan Mai town This is areas that frequently occurrence areas of floods annual and agricultural activity is common Moreover, this area also near the market Figure 4.13 The results about domestic water quality between two methods From fig 4.13 indicates the big difference about domestic water quality between interview method and indicators analysis results Through semi-structured interview by questionnaires, all of the interviewed households think that domestic water quality is no pollution Typically in Chien Thang and Tan Binh (70% households); Tan Xuan, Tan Mai and Xuan Mai (50-60% households) evaluate that water is no pollution The number of household assessing polluted domestic water quality is very few Only 10-40% interviewed households 41 said that water has polluted such as Xuan Mai, Tan Binh and Chien Thang (10%), Bui Xa (40% households) Actually, through indicator analysis results and water quality distribution map show that the domestic water quality in hamlets is less clean 98,8% the area of Bui Xa, 83,3% the area of Xuan Mai, 82,7% the area of Dong Vai have the quality of domestic water within less clean level The percentage of most clean is very small such as Xuan Mai (0,5% of the area), Tan Binh (0,6%) and Dong Vai (3,4%) From that, the measures should be taken to improve domestic water quality as well as people’s knowledge of domestic water quality 4.3 Proposing some solution to improve the domestic water quality in Xuan Mai 4.3.1 Technology solutions Based on the desire & demand of local people as well as quality analysis results of some samples showed water noteworthy parameters were: pH, turbidity, ammonium and heavy metal The research proposes some ways that households can use the technology or equipment to handle  Turbidity treatment The turbidity of the water is caused by the organic matters, the suspended solids in the water The treatment of these substances means the turbidity of the water will be treated The organic matter is absorbed by the activated charcoal on the upper part, the suspended solids are retained layers with filter materials such as quartz sand, manganese sand  Ammonium treatment For ammonia treatment in water, it can be used in conjunction with the use of rain spray platform and use layers of absorbing materials such as activated carbon, manganese sand 42  Iron treatment For the removal of iron can be applied by the method of clearance with Filox, in which: - Clearance of rain: water is taken to the height of 4-5m, then flow through plastic pipes drilled holes to make rain, small holes in plastic pipes diameter from 0.5 mm to 0.7mm Thus dissolving the air, Fe2+ is oxidized to Fe3+ and forms a precipitate that settles under the filter so that non-ferrous water can be obtained - Filox Seeds: Water flows through the Filox filter media, which mixes strongly with the material and forms a membrane that retains sediment in the water  Manganese treatment In fact, the reduction of Mn usually conducted with the removal of Fe in groundwater, often presented in the form of Mn2+ can be soluble or insoluble colloidal When Mn2+ oxidized Mn3+ will switch on and Mn4+ format in the form of hydroxide precipitates 4.3.2 Solutions for water management Based on the survey results, the thesis suggests some solutions to manage water quality Firstly, the observation and testing water quality in general needs to be done on a regular, to help people understand the water quality criteria analysis as well as receive feedback from agencies in the city responsible for the quality of their water use Secondly, the monitoring information should be disclosed to the public and disseminated to the user At the same time, setting up agencies or officers responsible for water management issues, exploitation and use of water in the local area Through this facility, people are able to find the information related to the use of drinking water in the home Furthermore, replacing some plumbing systems in the study area to reduce the possibility of corrosion of metal in the water Conducting periodic monitoring of treated water 43 quality at the household to timely detection of problems related to water quality in order to offer processing solutions In addition, local government also need to plan and build centralized water supply area for the whole communal area, ensuring that water management is more focused 4.3.3 Solutions to raise awareness of local people - Organize regularly clean up the village street, clean up canals, reduce pollution of surface water and underground water - Encourage people to build water purifiers, buy water purifiers for use for living and drinking purposes - Encourage people to use a water purifier before using or accepting tap water - Local authorities should organize propaganda, education and warnings to local people about the current situation of local water quality so that people take the initiative to take measures to overcome the impacts of using contaminated water 44 V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Conclusion From the results obtained after studying current use and water quality in Xuan Mai town, subjects with some conclusions as follows: Domestic water sources in Xuan Mai town are mainly digging wells (36%) and drilling wells (60%) The average daily water of a household is 600 liters According to survey results of local people, the quality of domestic water is well evaluated (50%) The quality of water sources in localities is comparatively assured due to the fact that it is not affected by industrial waste and construction works There are 27 water samples conducted and most of them are within the allowed limit water quality standards Only some indicators in some water samples exceed the allowable limit such as turbidity (S16), ammonium (S08), 16 samples with the contents of iron exceed the permissible value for domestic water quality, 12 samples with manganese contents are higher than the allowable value for drinking water The main reason is natural tectonics, the development of agriculture and lack of propaganda and dissemination of knowledge to the people about the importance of groundwater The spatial distribution analysis of domestic water quality in the study area indicated that 17,6% area within most clean level, 46,2% area for clean water level The rest area is less clean (36,2%) that concentrate mainly on Tien Truong, Bui Xa, Dong Vai In general, water quality in Xuan Mai does not really guarantee for domestic and drinking purposes Due to, thesis have given some solutions to improve water quality such as technology solutions, solutions for water management and raise awareness of local people 45 5.2 Limitations The study was conducted from July to September 2018 Because the project is limited in time, economic and research experience so it still has some shortcomings as follow: - The research could not measure all the indicators as well as bad weather (flood some areas) that difficult to take the sample in many periods Due to, the research only analysis some indicators in a period - Only three samples were taken in each hamlet because of the budget limitation - The project didn’t measure the domestic water quality after using a filter to assess the purified quality of some high-tech machines used in many households of study areas - The project is still not research detail about the cause of domestic water pollution - The thesis might get some mistakes in the procedure conducted like sample preservation, sample taking or measuring Because of lacking skills as well as the experiences, the mistake was not able to be avoided 5.3 Recommendations - Carry out analyzes with more samples and parameters, and at the same time, geological investigation to find out the exact causes of water pollution - There should be more research topics on groundwater quality to assess the impact of cemeteries and livestock areas on groundwater pollution more thoroughly Research how the health effects of the people and then provide solutions in time 46 REFERENCES Agrawal, S P., Haresh; Prakash, Indra; Patel, Ajay (2016) "Ground Water Quality Assessment of Vadodara District, Gujarat, India Using GIS." 5: 13-23 Canter, L W (1996) Nitrates in groundwater: CRC press Chi, K (2018) Water sources for energy development decline in quality, quantity Retrieved from https://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/environment/193089/water-sources-for- energy-development-decline-in-quality quantity.html EPA, U S (2017) How we use water? Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/watersense/how-we-use-water Ha, D T (2006) Study on the status and design of domestic water supply models in Lung Vi village, Dong Phuong Yen commune, Chuong My district, Hanoi (Graduate Thesis) Environment Science, Vietnam National University of Forestry Helmenstine, A M., Ph.D (September 28th,2018) How Much of Your Body Is Water ? 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International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 3(15): 114-128 Mr Brian Oram, P.G (2014) Nitrates and Nitrites in Drinking Water Groundwater and Surface Waters Retrieved from https://www.water-research.net/index.php/nitrate Mr Brian Oram, P G (2014) Sources of Total Dissolved Solids (Minerals) in Drinking Water Testing- Get the Water Tested ! Retrieved from https://www.waterresearch.net/index.php/water-treatment/tools/total-dissolved-solids Nas, B and A Berktay (2010) "Groundwater quality mapping in urban groundwater using GIS." Environmental monitoring and assessment 160(1-4): 215-227 Rogers, C D (October,3rd, 2017) Health Effects of pH on Drinking Water Retrieved from https://www.livestrong.com/article/214475-health-effects-of-ph-on-drinking-water/ Xuan, N T M (2017) The close relationship between the environment and hmna health Enivironment & Health Xuan, T T (Dec-25-2015) Impacts of manganese in domestic water to human health Sazakli, E A., A;Leotsinidis, M (2007) "Rainwater harvesting, quality assessment and utilization in Kefalonia Island, Greece." Water Research 41(9): 2039-2047 Teli, M N K., Nisar A; Rather, Manzoor A; Ahmad, Umar Firdous; Malla, Muzaffar A; Dada, Mudasir A (2014) "Spatial Interpolation Technique For Groundwater Quality Assessment Of District Anantnag J&K." International Journal of Engineering Research and Development 10(3): 55-66 Toan, N D (2017) Properties of water level and underground water quality in Xuan Mai, Ha Noi (Graduate thesis) Environment Science Vietnam National University of Forestry Trang, B Q (2016) Assessment the quality of domestic water in Thuy Xuan Tien commune, Chương My district, Hanoi (Graduate thesis) Natural Resources Management Ha Noi, Vietnam National University of Forestry USGS (02-Dec-2016) Turbidity Retrieved from https://water.usgs.gov/edu/turbidity.html USGS.(15-Dec-2016) Water Hardness Retrieved from https://water.usgs.gov/edu/hardness.html Water, U (2003) Water for People, Water for Life In: United Nations World Water Development Report Paris: UNESCO Division of Water Sciences World Health Organization, G (2003) Chloride in Drinking-water In WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (2nd ed., Vol 2, pp 3) APPENDIX QUESTIONAIRE SURVEY ON THE STATUS DOMESTIC WATER USE OF HOUSEHOLDS IN XUAN MAI Dear everyone! I build this questionnaire survey to find out about the using status domestic water of households in Xuan Mai town With mainly purpose are collect data and information for my thesis: “Evaluating the status and proposing some solutions to improve domestic water quality in Xuan Mai town, Chuong My district, Hanoi” I looks forward to receiving cooperation from everyone Thanks all so much! I II Personal information:  Full name: ………………………………………………………  Address: …………………………………………………………  Number of member in family: …………………………………… Status using domestic water: What’s your family domestic water supply? a Rain water c Dig well b Drill well d Pump water The average amount of water used in a day of your family is……… (m3) In your opinion, how is the quality of water used in your living area? a No pollution b Moderate c Pollution In your opinion, what cause is the source of water pollution? (multiple choose) a Natural tectonics c Over exploitation e Flooding of well b Solid waste & domestic f Lack of d The development wastewater knowledge of agriculture When use water, you see color or strange smell? a Yes b No What are the common diseases in your family and the area you live in? a Skin disease c Eye disease b Gastrointestinal disease d Cancer Does your family use a water purification system? a Yes b No If yes, how is the water filtration system? What is the label? Does your family want to use another clean water sources? Ex: Pumping water a Yes b No Does the local government or state management agency regularly check the water quality of the locality? a Yes b No c Rare 10.What are your desire for improving the quality of domestic water? ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… Thanks everyone so much about your answer in this questionnaire survey! ANALYSIS RESULTS OF WATER SAMPLES IN XUAN MAI Symbol Sample Odor S01 No No S02 No S03 Hardness (mg CaCO3/l) TDS (mg/l) Turbidity (NTU) 7,5 825 0,95 119 17,97 0,7 1,1 0,35 No 8,4 806 0,66 110 24,53 0,61 0,22 0,2 No No 7,4 815 0,63 93 19,79 0,86 0,009 0,45 S04 No No 7,8 805 0,61 69 65,72 0,85 0,28 0,45 S05 No No 7,1 839 0,72 99 36,56 0,79 0,03 0,32 S06 No No 6,6 860 0,37 52 57,71 0,12 0,33 0,05 S07 No No 5,5 495 0,33 45 26,72 0,59 0,009 0,12 S08 No No 6,2 850 0,99 55 39,84 0,85 4,58 0,42 S09 No No 7,1 630 0,64 63 26,36 0,01 0,11 0,009 10 S10 No No 7,1 807 0,9 202 83,22 0,91 0,27 0,51 11 S11 No No 7,2 735 0,51 92 28,54 0,05 0,8 0,01 12 S12 No No 7,0 856 0,16 68 76,66 0,88 1,18 0,41 13 S13 No No 7,7 578 0,13 82 3,03 0,78 0,04 0,34 14 S14 No No 7,6 618 1,68 87 8,86 0,22 0,7 0,1 15 S15 No No 7,7 617 0,42 92 5,58 0,07 0,009 0,01 16 S16 No No 8,1 826 2,36 115 12,87 0,57 0,94 0,2 17 S17 No No 8,0 520 0,2 109 25,26 0,29 0,19 0,18 18 S18 No No 7,5 587 0,15 113 27,08 0,86 0,86 0,35 19 S19 No No 8,5 685 0,57 49 0,11 0,93 0,009 0,52 No Color pH Chloride (mg/l) Fe (mg/l) N-NH4 (mg/l) Mn (mg/l) 20 S20 No No 7,7 524 1,24 56 17,24 0,01 0,009 0,009 21 S21 No No 7,5 540 0,54 59 12,5 0,01 0,009 0,009 22 S22 No No 8,3 805 0,49 22 16,15 0,84 0,29 0,4 23 S23 No No 7,9 808 0,39 112 8,49 0,11 0,32 0,009 24 S24 No No 8,2 842 0,76 119 11,41 0,36 0,71 0,009 25 S25 No No 7,6 650 0,18 14 59,89 0,01 0,35 0,009 26 S26 No No 7,7 466 0,21 44 28,54 0,87 0,2 0,5 27 S27 No No 7,7 568 0,54 61 22,71 0,66 0,05 0,2 No No 6,5-8,5 1000 300 300 0,3 0,3 No No 6,5-8,5 1200 200 250 0,3 - 0,4 No No 350 300 0,5 QCVN 01:2009/BYT WHO,2017 QCVN 02:2009/BYT 6,0-8,5 - - SURRVEY RESULTS ABOUT DOMESTIC WATER QUALITY IN XUAN MAI No Site Water sources Water treatment equipment Water reserves Demand for tap water Drilling well Drigging well Combine water No use Use mordern filter Use homemade filter Enoug h Not enough Nee d Combi ne No need Xuan Mai 3 5 Bui Xa 10 Tan Truong 4 Dong Vai 4 6 Tan Xuan 7 Xuan Ha 7 7 Tan Binh 3 7 Chien Thang Tan Mai 54 32 26 51 13 67 23 18 47 25 SU M No Site Water quality Causes No pollution Moderate Pollution natural wastes exploit agriculture flood knowledge Xuan Mai 3 2 Bui Xa 3 4 2 Tan Truong 4 2 4 Dong Vai 3 Tan Xuan 3 3 Xuan Ha 7 Tan Binh 4 0 Chien Thang 4 3 Tan Mai 5 4 1 45 31 14 38 30 25 18 10 16 SUM ... clean water for the people in Xuan Mai From the above issues, I choose the topic "Evaluating the status and proposing some solutions to improve domestic water quality in Xuan Mai town, Chuong My district, ... - Investigating the situation of domestic water use of households in Xuan Mai town, Chuong My district, Hanoi - Evaluating the quality of domestic water in Xuan Mai town through some indicators... analysis and interview results - Building up the level distribution map to domestic water quality in Xuan Mai town - Proposing some solutions to improve the domestic water quality in Xuan Mai town