Study on situation to overcome the consequences of toxic chemicals to humans in cam lo district, quang tri province luận văn ths khu vực học 60 31 60

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES DUONG THI VAN ANH STUDY ON SITUATION TO OVERCOME THE CONSEQUENCES OF TOXIC CHEMICALS TO HUMANS IN CAM LO DISTRICT, QUANG TRI PROVINCE MASTER’S THESIS Major: Vietnamese Studies Hanoi- 2012 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES DUONG THI VAN ANH STUDY ON SITUATION TO OVERCOME THE CONSEQUENCES OF TOXIC CHEMICALS TO HUMANS IN CAM LO DISTRICT, QUANG TRI PROVINCE MASTER’S THESIS Major: Vietnamese Studies Code: 60 31 60 Supervisor: Prof DSc Truong Quang Hoc Hanoi - 2012 CONTENTS CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT COMMITMENT INTRODUCTION Necessity of the study Scientific and practical singnificances of the studied subject 10 Study goal 11 Study objects and scope 11 Study methodology and methods 12 5.1 Methodology 12 5.2 Study methods 14 5.2.1 Collecting secondary data…………………………………………………………14 5.2.2 Sociological survey methods…………………………………………………… 15 5.2.3 SWOT method…………………………………………………………………….16 Thesis structure……………………………………………………………………… 16 CHAPTER 17 OVERVIEW ON THE STUDY OF OVERCOMING THE CONSEQUENCES OF TOXIC CHEMICALS/DIOXIN IN VIETNAM AND IN QUANG TRI .17 1.1 Basic concepts 17 1.2 Overview of the chemical war in the world 20 1.3 Chemical war in Vietnam 21 1.3.1 Ranch Hand campaign 21 1.3.2 Toxic chemicals used by the US army in the Vietnam war 24 1.3.3 Consequences of the agent orange/dioxin on people 27 1.3.3.1 Impacts of the agent orange/dioxin to human body 27 1.3.3.2 Real status of the exposure in the Vietnamese 30 1.3.3.3 Consequences of the chemical war in Quang Tri province 36 1.3.4 Efforts of Vietnam in overcoming the impacts of toxic chemicals on people .39 1.3.4.1 Research activities 39 1.3.4.2 Activities 41 1.3.5 General assessment of achievements, weaknesses, and proposed solutions for their overcoming 45 CHAPTER 49 STATUS OF OVERCOMING AGENT ORANGE/DIOXIN INFLUENCES 49 ON PEOPLE IN CAMLO DISTRICT, QUANG TRI PROVINCE 49 2.1 Overview of Cam Lo district 49 2.1.1 Features of natural conditions 49 2.1.1.1 Geographic site 49 2.1.1.2 Topography and soil 50 2.1.1.3 Climate and hydrography 51 2.1.1.4 Minerals and biological resources 52 2.1.2 Socio - Economic 52 2.1.2.1 Population and population density 52 2.1.2.2 Economy………………………………………………………………………………….54 2.1.2.3 Culture and society…………………………………………………………………… 55 2.1.2.4 Social security……………………………………………………………………………56 2.2 Status of victims of the Agent Orange/dioxin in Cam Lo district 57 2.2.1 Real status of victims of the Agent Orange/dioxin in Cam Lo district 58 2.2.2 General features of the victims of the agent orange in Cam Lo district 66 2.2.2.1 Economy and family conditions 66 2.2.2.2 Status of health, illness, and deformity of the victims 71 2.2.2.3 Difficulties in life faced by the victims and their family 75 2.2.2.4 Psychological features of victims of the Agent Orange 77 2.2.2.5 Demands and wishes of the victims and their family 82 2.3 Activities to supgort and take care victims of Agent Orange/dioxin 84 2.3.1 In term of policies 84 2.3.2 Campaigns of the Association of Victims of Agent Orange in Cam Lo district 86 2.3.2.1 Results of the mobilization work to support, help, and look after the victims 87 2.3.2.2 Some obtained results 88 2.3.2.3 Activities of foreign affairs 88 2.3.3 Activities of looking after the victims of Agent Orange/dioxin in community .89 2.4 General assessments 90 2.4.1 About policies 90 2.4.2 The work of supporting and taking care of the victims 94 2.4.3 Raising awareness and participation of the community 94 CHAPTER 96 PROPOSED SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 96 TO COMPREHENSIVELY SUPPORT VICTIMS OF THE TOXIC CHEMICALS IN CAM LO DISTRICT, QUANG TRI PROVINCE 96 3.1 Results of analyzing strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges 96 3.2 General solutions 97 3.2.1 Sollutions making on policies and their implementation arrangement…… 3.2.2 Solutions in term of social and humanitarian aspects 98 3.3 Concrete solutions 99 3.3.1 Surveying and investigating real status of the victims of toxic chemicals/dioxin in Cam Lo district; sociologically investigating social psychology of victims .99 3.3.2 Improving social and health policies and taking care of victims infected by toxic chemicals/dioxin 100 3.3.3 Developing programs to propagandize 101 3.3.4 Mobilizing sources to support victims of the toxic chemicals/dioxin 106 3.3.5 Supporting and looking after the victims infected by toxic chemicals in community 108 3.4 Recommendations 109 3.4.1 For policy making 109 3.4.2 For the local authority 111 3.4.2.1 Programming community-based models to restore forestry resources in toxic chemical areas in Cam Lo district by giving preferential treatment in handing over land and forest to families of dioxin victims 111 3.4.2.2 Building work to supply running water and social works in Agent Orange areas 112 3.4.2.3 Forming and implementing tours to visit old battlefields with the participation of local people, veterans, and victims of the Agent Orange to propagandize and business 113 3.4.2.4 Combining with universities and schools in the province as well in the whole country to build program for volunteer students; bringing them to communes and hamlets to support the rehabilitation work and other social activities for the families of dioxin victims and making this an annual activity 114 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 116 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………… 119 LIST OF TABLES Table T Table 0.1 T Table 1.1 C Table 1.2 C Table 1.3 A Table 1.4 T H Table 1.5 C V Table 1.6 C V Table 1.7 D m Table 1.8 H Table 1.9 I Table 1.10 V Table 2.1 P L Table 2.2 R Table 2.3 A Table 2.4 N Table 2.5 E Table 2.6 N Table 2.7 I Table 2.8 T Table 2.9 O Table 2.10 R t Table 2.11 R a Table 2.12 S Table 2.13 R g Table 2.14 R r Table 2.15 P Table 2.16 L Table 2.17 R a Table 2.18 I A Table 2.19 C L Table 2.20 D Table 2.21 I O Table 2.22 S Table 2.23 B Table 3.1 R t LIST OF FIGURES Figure Figure 0.1 Figure 1.1 Figure 1.2 Figure 1.3 Figure 1.4 Figure 1.5 Figure 1.6 Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 A B Figure 2.3 Figure 2.4 Figure 2.5 Figure 2.6 Figure 2.7 Figure 2.8 Figure 2.9 Figure 2.10 Figure 3.1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I with to express my gratitude and deepest respect to Prof.DSc Truong Quang Hoc, my supervisor, who ethusiatic instructs and conveys basic knownledge to me, as well as contributes valuable ideas to help me complete this thesis I with to thank the teachers, and staff of the Institute of Vietnamese Studies and Development Sciences, Vietnam National University, Hanoi They have created the best conditions for me to participate in the learning process and complete successfully my MA course I would like to thank to the staff of the People’s Council, People’s Committee, Statistics Division, Naural Resources and Environment Division of Cam Lo district and Cam Lo Association of victims of Agent Orange/dioxin has provided information and statistics data and interviewed in the course of local realities I would like to especially thank Mr Nguyen Van Hoan, Mr Tran Anh Lam, Nguyen Van Bong notes enthusiastically guide and help me when conducting surveys in the locality I would like to express my sincere thanks to the people of Cam Lo district commune for their ethusiasm in supplying me information during my field work in these areas Finally I would like to thank my family, my friends who have always care, share, motivate, encourage me in all this time Hanoi, 2012 Duong Thi Van Anh COMMITMENT I hereby declare that the obtained results in this thesis are absolutely honest Information and results published in this thesis are my researching work If there is any shortcoming, I will bear all responsibilities in front of the training unit and law Hanoi, june 2012 Duong Thi Van Anh 3.4.2 For the local authority In the mission of overcoming the consequences of chemical war in Cam Lo district, Quang Tri province, the responsibility of the Party and Government is very important However, the local authority also play a very important and direct role in repair evil influences of the toxic chemicals on families of victims of Agent Orange/dioxin in the district To improve the living standards of victim families, I have some suggestions for the local authority 3.4.2.1 Programming community-based models to restore forestry resources in toxic chemical areas in Cam Lo district by giving preferential treatment in handing over land and forest to families of dioxin victims + Goals: - Restoring and protecting natural forests - Replanting forests and covering uncultivated land; planting belt forests - Improving the living standards for families of Agent Orange victims + Methods: - First, about capital source: Lending farmers with low interest basing on the province’s budget, or taking from sponsor source of organizations and individuals; providing seed plants and guide them to business - Instructing people to plant tree belt surrounding trouble-spot areas with largeleaf and growing quickly trees such as cross-bred acacia along with small trees and plants - Creating new forestry park according to the ecological tourism model in polluted areas after being cleaned with trees and plants following high technical process - Re-planting forests in seriously affected areas Planting forests is the fastest way to restore forests after the war It is the best way to achieve the goal of covering uncultivated land and forming new situation of forests However, the biological diversity is not high 111 - At the same time, planting trees that quickly grow brings benefit to overcome difficulties in families of victims of Agent Orange/dioxin in the short term and in the long term This solution is useful for the environment and effective in society Hence, the local authority of various levels should consider and implement this way as soon as possible 3.4.2.2 Building work to supply running water and social works in Agent Orange areas According to my survey, except Cam Lo area, most of households in eight remaining communes use well and rain water for their daily activities Hence, the hygiene is not ensured For this reason, providing running water projects in areas affected by toxic chemicals is very important + Goals: - Improving the quality of running water as well as living standards in term of spirit and mind for the communities in areas affected by toxic chemicals in eight communes + Implementing methods: - Surveying and investigating water source in areas influenced with toxic chemicals in term of quantity and quality - Collecting water samples; analyzing and assessing quality of the available water surface and underground sources - Surveying and exploring underground water source - Programming and building social welfare projects and tree parks - Exploring, installing, and providing clean water for communities living in areas infected with toxic chemicals + Implementing organizations: - Department of Natural Resources and Environment combining with local authority of different levels + Required criteria: 112 - 100% of households living in areas affected by toxic chemicals are provided clean water 3.4.2.3 Forming and implementing tours to visit old battlefields with the participation of local people, veterans, and victims of the Agent Orange to propagandize and business In this case, local leaders have to combine with tourism researchers to build effective local marketing strategy basing on available specific characteristics of Cam Lo They are environment and the lie of the victims of Agent Orange that are powerful evidences of the chemical war caused by the US army in Vietnam This will attract a large amount of tourists to Cam Lo district to learn about the war monuments as well as living witnesses with evil consequences of the chemical war in the district This is an effective propaganda way to make people at home and abroad to better understand the chemical war and its catastrophic consequences on the environment and people On the other hand, it creates good condition to increase income of the local people, especially victims of the toxic chemicals Local marketing is a term to point all of supgorting activities done by the locality in order to improve its competitive ability and develop economy In this case, the locality is considered a “product” and marketing is an activity to popularize its image and build trademark to bring this product to the public Similar to product marketing, the “product” (locality) here should be understood land, soil, position, geography, history, culture, economy, and people of the area The local product particularities are rare, unmovable, not coincisive, and specific Hence, it requires unique, flexible, and different marketing method Local marketing is understanding firmly long-term and suitable strategies of the locality in order to attract customers Building local marketing is finding ways to promoting its specific features to attract target markets and customers Hence, the local marketing aims to build a trademark for the locality to raise its competition, called local trade name 113 Cam Lo can take full advantage of its local features as it is an old battlefield where a large amount of toxic chemicals was used to destroy the environment, seriously influencing life of the people here The tour of “Visiting old battlefields” can be formed basing on traces of the war as following: Departure from any point to Dong Ha city; from Dong Ha, the tourist can go to visit Rockpile, Dakrong chain-bridge, Ho Chi Minh tract, and villages of the Bru and Van Kieu They can also stop for visiting Khe Sanh military base, Ta Con airport vestige, and the Museum They can continue their tour along the Highway no.1 In the bus, they are introduced about Quang Tri ancient citadel and La Vang church Then, they stop for visiting Hien Luong bridge, Ben Hai river, and listen to the introduction of history and magnanimous resistance here On the way to Vinh Moc tunnel, the visitors can contemplate and listen to the information of remaining relic of Doc Mieu military base and McNamara electronic fence Then they visit Vinh Moc tunnel and the Museum Finally, in the last day, the tourists go to Cam Lo and visit hills in the Carol base They were destroyed during the chemical war and cannot be restored until now They will meet and talk with veterans and victims of the Agent Orange/dioxin to find out the devastating consequences of the war It helps them understand and have a overall view of the war in Vietnam With this tour, we can call for support from visitors to help the victims of Agent Orange both in spiritual and material life 3.4.2.4 Combining with universities and schools in the province as well in the whole country to build program for volunteer students; bringing them to communes and hamlets to support the rehabilitation work and other social activities for the families of dioxin victims and making this an annual activity To this, it is required a skillful combination between the local leaders, especially the youth union with universities and schools + Goals: 114 - Creating good conditions for the intellectual circles in society, especially the youth to approach with victims of Agent Orange, so they can clearly understand the destructiveness of the war; this is useful in educating their awareness - Taking full advantage of profound human resources who have qualifications and enthusiasm to help the victims and their families in term of spiritual and material life + Implementing method - The local youth union combines with universities and schools to bring students to communes and hamlets in summer to help victim families - Classifying students and training medical students to supgort people in rehabilitating victims of Agent Orange; pedagogy students teaching disabled children; and students of other specialties conducting green summer volunteer programs such as building social welfare projects with people + Implementing organizations The Youth Union in combination with Association of Victims of Agent Orange, universities, junior colleges, and intermediate schools + Required criteria Changing this activity to be an annual one; there is at least one delegation of these universities and schools coming to the locality a year 115 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSIONS The work of overcoming evil influences of toxic chemicals on people is a trouble-sport issues that has been profoundly cared by the Party, government and people The interest is shown not only in policies to support the victims of Agent orange/dioxin but also in real actions such as insurance regulation and taking care of the victims; and people and community are mobilized to contribute to alleviate the pain of Agent Orange However, until now, the work of repairing consequences of toxic chemicals has revealed many limitations and shortcomings Cam Lo district in Quang Tri province is an area where a large amount of toxic chemicals was spread Hence, up to present, the sequels of toxic chemicals are still influencing people living here According to the surveyed information, there are 1,786 victims of toxic chemicals in Cam Lo district distributing in nine communes and town The victims face many difficulties in life such as problems in health, economic condition, and psychology With interests from the Party and government, many spiritual and material supgorts have been done However, they have not met basic needs to ensure a normal life and health for the victims of Agent Orange/dioxin In the face of that situation, managers as well as social activists are now coping with problems in supporting, looking after, and ensuring a stable life for the victims of Agent Orange/dioxin In recent years, Cam Lo district in Quang Tri province has undertaken many measures to support and care for the victims of Agent Orange/dioxin such as implementing governmental policies to support victims of dioxin, establishing Association of Victims of Agent Orange to conduct activities of visiting, offering gifts, and encouraging the victims and their families in term of material and sprit; and coordinating with organizations to implement community-based rehabilitation with the establishment of rehabilitation centers like Ngoc Lo Buddhist monastery These activities have achieved certain effectiveness in overcoming the influences of toxic 116 chemicals on people in Cam Lo district However, there have been many limitations and shortcomings because of subjective and objective reasons Based on the study results and the local reality, I propose two general solutions: i) organizing solutions, ii) social solutions to comprehensively support the victims of toxic chemicals in Cam Lo district, Quang Tri province Specific solutions to comprehensively support the victims of toxic chemicals in Cam Lo district, Quang Tri province include investigating and surveying status of victims infected by Agent Orange/dioxin in Cam Lo district; sociologically investigating psychosocial status of the victims; developing policies in term of society, health, community health care to support victims affected by Agent Orange/dioxin; building propaganda programs of policies and making plans to help victims of Agent orange/dioxin; propagandizing dangers and long-term consequences of toxic chemicals/dioxin on people and the environment; integrating the consultant of reproduction with heredity to limit innate deformity in families infected and suspected to be infected by Agent Orange/dioxin; mobilizing resources to supgort victims of toxic chemicals/dioxin; and taking care of the dioxin affected victims in community 117 RECOMMENDATIONS The government should change and complement several articles in promulgated legal documents to support the victims of Agent orange/dioxin more practically and effectively At the same time, the State need to increase the allowance, extend pensioners, diminish wordy and unreasonable procedures, and better system of policies for the victims of Agent Orange/dioxin Implementing projects to develop the district economy and society, creating good conditions for households of Dioxin victims to stabilize their life and increase their income in order to reduce the pressure on society Strengthening capacity of management and professional knowledge for grassroots medical staffs in order to timely supgort and take care of the victims, avoiding the overload situation in superior hospitals Stepping up the work of studying long-term physical consequence of the toxic chemicals in people, and solutions to minimize the impacts of the toxic chemicals on following generations Deeply and widely propagandizing people about the evil influences of the chemical war, Agent Orange, and its impacts on people to improve the community awareness and contribute to overcome those consequences 118 REFERENCES Vietnamese Ban Chỉ đạo Quốc gia khắc phục hậu chất độc hóa học Mỹ sử 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ViêṭNam Thiên nhiên , Môi trường vàPhát triể n bền vững, Nxb Khoa hocc̣ vàKỹthuâṭ, Hà Nội, tr 308-314 21 Hội Nạn nhân chất độc da cam Việt Nam (2011), Đề cương tuyên truyền 50 năm thảm họa da cam ở Việt Nam, Hà Nội 22 Hội Nạn nhân chất độc da cam huyện Cam Lộ, tỉnh Quảng Trị (2011), Báo cáo thành tích Hội NNCĐDC huyện Cam Lộ tỉnh Quảng Trị từ 8/2009 đến 5/2011, Cam Lộ 23 Hội Nạn nhân chất độc da cam Việt Nam (2011), Tài liệu Hội nghị điển hình tiên tiến tồn quốc lần II, Hà Nội 24 HồChíHưng (2009), Tư vấn vềnăng lưcc̣ , quan c̣quốc tếvàhuy đôngc̣ côngc̣ đồng hoaṭđôngc̣ khắc phucc̣ hâụ quảchất đơcc̣ hốhocc̣ / Dioxin, Dự án Tăng cường lực hoàn thiện kế hoạch tổng thể cải tạo môi trường vùng ô nhiễm nặng Dioxin ở Việt Nam, Bô T c̣ N&MT, Hà Nội 25 Đặng Huy Huỳnh, Đặng Ngọc Cần, Quốc Anh Nguyễn Văn Thắng (1983), Bước đầu tìm hiểu ảnh hưởng chiến tranh hóa học đến thay đổi thành phần biến động số thú (Mammalia) vùng A Lưới, Hướng Hóa (Đơng Trường Sơn), Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Chất diệt cỏ làm trụi chiến tranh tác động lâu dài lên người thiên nhiên”, Hà Nội, tr.124-130 26 Đặng Huy Huỳnh Hồ Thanh Hải (2001), Tổng quan ảnh hưởng chất độc hóa học tới hệ sinh thái đa dạng sinh vật vùng A Lưới phụ cận, Báo cáo Hội thảo quốc gia ảnh hưởng chất độc hóa học lên sức khỏe mơi trường 27 Đặng Huy Huỳnh Hồ Thanh Hải (2007), Đánh giáthưcc̣ trangc̣ kết nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng chất độc hóa học sử dụng chiến tranh đến hệ động vật, Kỷ yếu Cơng trình 1980-2000 Ủy ban Quốc gia điều tra hậu chất hóa học dùng chiến tranh Việt Nam (UB 10-80) 121 28 Đỗ Ngọc Lanh , Nghiêm Xuân Trường , Nguyêñ Thu Hoài , Lê Bảo Hưng , Chu Thanh Binh̀, Võ Viết Cườ ng (2008), Báo cáo tổng kết kết phân tích 17 chất độc Dioxin, thổ nhưỡng khí tượng thủy văn điểm nóng: Biên Hịa, Đà Nẵng Phù Cát, Dự án “Tăng cường lực hồn thiện kế hoạch tổng thể cải tạo mơi trường ô nhiễm nặng Dioxin ở Việt Nam”, Trung tâm Nhiệt đới Viêṭ Nga, Hà Nội 29 Nguyêñ Văn Minh (2003), “Nghiên cứu lưạ choṇ công nghê kc̣ hảthi đểxử ly đất nhiêmm̃ Dioxin điều kiêṇ ViêṭNam” , Báo cáo kết đề tài cấp Nhà nước, Hà Nội 30 Nguyễn Xuân Nết (2007), Nghiên cứu đánh giá thực trạng kết nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng chất độc hóa học lên mơi trường đất 31 Nghị định số 38/2009/NĐ-CP Quy định mức trợ cấp, phụ cấp ưu đãi người có cơng với cách mạng Nghị định số 67/2007/NĐ-CP vềchinh́ sách trơ c̣g iúp đối tượng bảo trơ c̣xa hm̃ ôị 33 Pháp lệnh số 26/2005/PL-UBTVQH 11 ngày 26 tháng năm 2005 ưu 32 đài người có cơng với cách mạng 34 Quyết định Bộ Y Tế số 09/2008/QĐ-BYT ngày 20 tháng năm 2008 ban hành danh mục bệnh, tật, dị dạng, dị tật có liên quan đến phơi nhiễm Chất độc hoá học/Dioxin 35 Quyết định số 120/2004/QĐ-TTg Thủ tướng Chính phủ số chế độ người tham gia kháng chiến đẻ họ bị hậu nhiễm chất độc hoá học Mỹ sử dụng chiến tranh Việt Nam 36 Võ Quy (1983), Bước đầu tìm hiểu ảnh hưởng chiến tranh hóa học đến thay đổi sinh thái, thành phần số lượng thú A Lưới, Hướng Hóa Tài liệu Hội thảo quốc tế 37 Võ Quy, Đặng Huy Huỳnh, Mai Đình n, Phùng Tửu Bơi, Phạm Bình Quyền (2002), Thử đánh giá lại hậu chất độc da cam-Dioxin lên môi trường 122 vùng rừng A Lưới sau gần 30 năm kết thúc chiến tranh Báo cáo tồn văn cơng trình khoa học hội nghị khoa học Việt-Mỹ Dioxin, tr 205-213 38 Sáng kiến đói nghèo – Mơi trường UNDP UNEP (2010), Lồng gép mối liên hệ đói nghèo – môi trường với quy hoạch phát triển: Sách hướng dẫn người thực hiện, Hà Nội 39 Vũ Hoài Tuân (2009), Tư liệu liên quan đến sử dụng chất diệt cỏ chiến thuật (Tactical Herbicides) tỉnh Quảng Trị (1961 – 1975), Hà Nội 40 Vũ Hoài Tuân (1995), Chất diệt chiến tranh Việt Nam (trích dịch từ tài liệu nước ngoài), Hà Nội, Tài liệu lưu hành nội 41 Trần Đình Tuấn (2010), Công tác xã hội ly thuyết thưc hành, Nxb Đại Học Quốc Gia, Hà Nội 42 Trịnh Thị Thanh (2004), Sức khỏe môi trường, Nxb Đại học Quốc gia, Hà Nội 43 Trung tâm nghiên cứu TN&MT, Đại học Quốc Gia Hà Nội (2008), Hợp phần 1: Khái quát tình hình mơi trường, phát triển bền vững ảnh hưởng chất độc hóa học lên mơi trường ở Việt Nam tỉnh Quảng Trị , Tài liệu Hội thảo tập huấn cho cán kỹ thuật “Phục hồi tái sử dụng vùng đất bị suy thoái chất độc hóa học”, Quảng Trị 44 Trung tâm nghiên cứu TN&MT, Đại học Quốc Gia Hà Nội (2008), Hợp phần 2: Những giải pháp kỹ thuật phục hồi, sử dụng hiệu vùng đất bị suy thoái chất độc hóa học , Tài liệu Hội thảo tập huấn cho cán kỹ thuật “Phục hồi tái sử dụng vùng đất bị suy thoái chất độc hóa học”, Quảng Trị 45 UBND huyện Cam Lộ , HôịNNCĐDC /DDIOXIN huyện (2011), Đề cương tuyên truyền 50 năm thảm họa da cam ởViệt Nam (10/81961 – 10/8/2011) 46 UBND tinhh̉ Quảng Tri c̣, SởTN&MT tinhh̉ Quảng Tri (c̣ 2009), Báo cáo tổng hợp Đềan khắc phucc̣ hâụ qua Chất đôcc̣ hoa hocc̣ điạ ban tinh Quang Tri c̣ , Đông ́ Hà 47 UNDP (2009), Tọa đàm tiêu chuẩn công nghệ tẩy độc Dioxin điểm nóng, Hà Nội 123 48 Ủy ban Quốc gia Điều tra Hậu Chất hóa học Dùng Chiến tranh Việt Nam (2002), Chuyên khảo độc học Dibenzo-p-dioxin Clo hóa Tài liệu cập nhật Hà Nội 49 Văn phòng Ban chỉđaọ 33 (2009), Hiện trạng văn quy phạm pháp luật liên quan đến quản ly kiểm sốt chất hữu khó phân hủy/Dioxin, Dự án Tăng cường lực hoàn thiện kế hoạch tổng thể cải tạo môi trường vùng ô nhiễm nặng Dioxin ở Việt Nam, Hà Nội 50 Mai Đình Yên, Hồ Thanh Hải vàNguyễn Hữu Dực (2002), Diễn quần xã sinh vật nước vùng A Lưới (Thừa Thiên – Huế) vòng 20 năm gần mối liên quan đến AO/Dioxin Báo cáo Hội nghị khoa học Việt Mỹ ảnh hưởng Chất da cam/Dioxin lên sức khỏe người mơi trường 51 Mai Đình n Nguyễn Xn Quynh (1983), Quần xã động vật ở nước vùng A Lưới sau 10 năm bị rải chất độc hóa học Kỷ yếu Hội thảo quốc tế “Chất phát quang làm trụi chiến tranh tác động lâu dài lên người thiên nhiên” Hà Nội English 52 Ofice 33 (2009), Human and environmental impact of herbicides/dioxin in Vietnam 53 Lund University, Understanding science & technology policies for innovation green technology to protect enviroment in Vietnam 54 Mc Lachlan M.S (1993), Digective tract absorption of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins,dibenzofurans, and biphenyl in nursing infant // Toxicol Apgl.Pharm.,Vol 123P.68-72 55 Schecter A., Dai L.C., Papke O et al., (2001) Recent Dioxin Contamination from Agent Orange in Residents of a Southern Vietnam City J Occup Environ Med., 43 (5): 435- 443 124 56 Sida/SAREC (2008), Understanding policies and practice studies of livelihoods in transition a working papers 2006-2008, Volume 1, Hue University Publishing House, P.19-38 57 United Nations Development Programe Vietnam (2009), A Mapging exerxixe – poverty redution programes and policies in Vietnam, Hanoi 58 UNDP (2009), Roundtable meeting on standards and technologies for dioxin remediation in hotspots, Hanoi 59 World Bank (2009), Country Social Analysis Ethnicity and Development in Vietnam, Washington D.C 60 Westing A.N Herbicides in war, the long-term Ecoloical and human consequences Sipri p 5, 16 1984 125 ... in Cam Lo district, Quang Tri province Chapter 3: Proposed solutions and recommendations to comprehensively support victims of the toxic chemicals in Cam Lo district, Quang Tri province Conclusions... to overcome the consequences of toxic chemicals to humans in Cam Lo district, Quang Tri province? ?? to be my thesis Scientific and practical singnificances of the studied subject - Scientific singnificances... Cam Lo district, Quang Tri province to find the most general laws of the study question development in order to generalize the general situation of our country and other foreign countries In other