Đảng cộng sản việt nam lãnh đạo quá trình xây dựng củng cố bộ máy chính quyền cách mạng thời kỳ 1945 1960

Viec tluinh lap ehinh quyen nhan dan, Chi thj neu r5 : - U nhung viiiig diin quiin; du kfch boat ddng, e^ ciic Ciin cu dja ciich mang, ihanh lAp ciic "Uy ban nhan dan ciich miing" vh ''U

*)A1 HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI DAI HOC KIIOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN

.:|::|:^

^£lAI:Qy200Z.2

DANG CONG SAN VIET NAM LANH DAO QUA

TRINH XAY DUNG CUNG CO IK> M A Y

CHINH QUYEN CACH MANG

THC)IKYI945- 1960

Clni tri de tdi : Tli.S Ngiiydn Huy Cat

Cd/i ho phoi hop thi/c hicn : T h S V u Kong

Th.S Lc Quynh Nga

Co-i/uon chu tri dc tdi: Khoa Lich sir - Tn/ang Dai hoc Khoa hoc xa hoi & Nhan va

OAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOl TRUNG "TAM THONG TIN THU ViEN

01 / ? o ^

II.V NOI 2005

MUC LUC

Clurong I: Dang lanh dao xay dung bo may chinli qnycn each mang thai ky 1945-1946

/ Su ra ddi cua Nhd nude Ddn chu Nhdn ddn d Viet Nam

1 NhCrng quan dicm dfiu lien cua Dang vc niol Nha nirac cua dan, do tian, v] dan

2 Dang lanh dao, to chirc dau tranh gianh chmh quyen

/ / Bdng lanh dao xdy dung vd ciing cd bg mdy chinh quyen cdch mang thdi ky 1945-1946

1 Xay dirng va cung co Ix) may chfnh c]uy6n hung irang

2 Xay dung, cung co be) may chi'nh quyen dia phirong

3 Hien phap niroc Viel nam dan chu cong hoa nam 1946

4 Xay dirng he ihong lo dure cac ca quan chuyen chinh

Chimng II: Dang hinh d a o xay dung ho may cin'nh (|nydn each mang (1946 - 1954)

/ Chuyen hudng xdy dung cung cd chinh quyen trung Uong trong thoi chien

1 Nhung (luycl (tjnh cua Dang va Nha nuoc dc cung co chmh ([uyen Irung uong khi khang chicn bung no

2 Kicn loan ccf quan chuyen mon, Iruc thuoc Iiong khang chicn

/ / Chuyen huong xdy dung, cung cd chinli quyen d cdc dia phuong

1 Nhung chi dao chung cua Dang, Nha nuoc 6c xay dung, cung co

chfnh quyen dia phutyng

2 Xay dung chfnh quyen 6 vung dich tan) chiem va cac khu du kich

3 Xay dung bo may chfnh (luyen 6" vung lu do

3 Kicn loan va cung co chfnli ciuyen cap xa

/ / / Kien todn ho nidy cdc co quan chuyen chinh

1 Luc luong quan doi

2 Ca quan tu phap

3 Cung CO, tang cuong lire luong cong an

4 Xdy dung doi ngu can bo cong chuc

Chuong IIF: Dang lanh dao (|iia Innh xay dnng ci'ing eo ho may chhili qnyen dan ehi'i nhan dan Irong nhnng n;lm dan xay dnng mien H;ie va dan I ranh Ihong nhal nnoe nha (1955 - 1960)

/ Xdy dung cun^ coco quan nhd nirdc d trung Wong

1 X;ly dimg cung co ca (|uan lAp pliap, hanh phap

2 Xay dirng cung c o c o quan chuyen mon, ban nganh litre thuoc

3 Ban hien phap nirdc Viel Nam dan chu cong hoa nam 1959

4 Cuoc bau cu quoc hoi khoa II, bircfc phat Iridn moi trong qua Irlnh

lanh dao to chirc chfnh quydn cua Dang

// Ddng lanh dgo xdy dung cung cd hg nidy chinh quyen dia phuong

1 Xay dirng, cung co bo may chfnh qtiyCn khu tir tri Thai Meo va khu lu tri Viet Bac

2 Xdy dung cung co chfnh quyen thi xa, thanh phd

3 XAy dung cung cO' b6 may ciu'nli t|uydn each mang sau cai each ru(!)ng diYl va chfl'n chinh lo dure

4 Ki6n toiin chfnh qiiyCn cffp xa mien bicn

5 Dffu tranh giu gin lire luong, xay dung cung cd cO sd chfnh trj d mien Nam ( 1 9 5 4 - 1960)

/ / / Xdy dung cung cd cdc c(r quan chuyen chinh

1 Kien loan cung cd cac co quan tu phap

2 Qiiiln doi nhan dan

3 Cftng an nluln dAn

Clutong IV: Mo( vai nlian xe( rnt ra In (pia trmh lanh d a o xay dnng enng cd ho may chinh (|nycn cua Dang thdi ky 1945 - 1960

1 Dang ta da dira vao nhan dan de xay dung cung cd chfnh quyen

2 Su lanh dao cua Dang cong san Vict Nam la nhan id dam bao ihAng loi cua qua trinh xay dung cung cd bo may chfnh quyen

3 Xay dirng bo may chfnh c|uyen ihfch hop dap ung moi ddi hdi cua linh hinh each mang

4 Xay dung cung co chfnh quyen phai kel hop dial d i e vdi cdng lac

bao vc chfnh ciii^en

5 Mot so han d i e

Tai lien tham k h a o

Phn Inc

Cluioiig I

DANC; LANH DAO XAY l)l)N(J IU) MAY CIllNII QDYKN

CACII MAN(; T I l O l Kl 1945-1946

I SLl'RA DCJl ClJA NllA NUOC D A N CIIU NHAN UAN 6 VILT NAM:

I Nhhiig ([nan dicm dan lien cna Dang ve nu)! nha nude cua da

do dan, vi dan :

Van dti CO ban cua moi cuoc each niang la van de chfnh quyen, van t

CO ban cua chfnh quyen la vffn dC quyen luc De the hien duoc quyen lire Iroi

Ijch sir da cd cac ''kieu" va "hinh thuc nha nudc" Theo Le nin, chung nat) d u

nhan iluTc ch'ing dan van de chfnh t|uyen Ihi dura the lanh dao duoc cac

mang

Viet nam, eudi the ky XIX dau ihc ky XX dudi ach ihdng iri cua llu

dan de (.[udc, phong trao yeu nirdc cua nhan dan la ndi ICMI rfi'l manh mc nliu'i

dcu that bai Nlul'ng phong irao yen nirdc k'lc dd ihal bai cd nhieu nguyen nh;

ma mot trong nhu'ng viiw de cjuan Irong, quyet djnh la vice nhan ihuc \':i gi

quyet van de chfnh ciuyen chua dung dan

Cac sy phu yen nirdc lanh dao phong Irao Can Vu'oiig, ngoai nuic dfc

clidiig Phap cdn ehu iruo'ng dung lai nha nu'de ciiian du'i d Viel Nam

Nhung dai bieu \iial sac cho cac Irao luii tian chi'i ur Siin d Viel Nam tl;

ihe ky va nhung lu'im 20, du'i iruong d;inh Pluip \';i x;"iy tlung mdl nliii mrc

t ong hoa dan du'i kieu T;l\' Au '

'lYu ca c;ic u^o hinh nhi"i nu'dc kc li'cn dcu khong ihfch ho'p t'r Vit}l Nai

Dd cfing chfnh \l\ nu)l trong nhung iigu)'en nlu'in d;in (\cn su ihal bai ci'ui pht)i

l!\iO yen nude theo kluiynh hirdng d;'in chu lu s;iii v;i ihct) l;)p irudng c|u;in die

cLKi gi;ii c;"i'p phong kien

Cung ihtvi tliem tk\ Nguyen Ai QLK")C rai kham i^hiic nhung niia y*

(Ui'tVc tlu'o'ng ihd'i, nhun*', N;Midi kht")nj' tk")ng linh \'(')i con duong i I'ln nu'of nia 1

dc xu'tlf.ig Ngu'd'i tiuycl tiinh tii tlm mot ct)n du'tvng cuu nutVc khiic Itan vCu c;

sy r'hu yeu nude tlutvng \ha\ Tren ctm tinting i')(")n ba kliaj") n;Un ch;ui h^)\\ h\c

Ngiiyt}n :\\ Oudc tla de lain xem xt:l linh hinh, nghien cuu ly lu;"in \[\ kii

nghit^Mii c;ic cudc c.idi mang tiieii hlnli lien ihe gidi Nghien ciiii CYicli mai

Phap, Cach mang My, Ngudi hiti'u rd hon ihuc chat cu;i cudc c;ich mang tu s;'in, nha nuoc lu ban va tking sau nhung ur h;K) nhoang: Cong hoa, D;'in chu, Tu do,

B;k ai Ngudi viet: "C;k*h m;ing Pluip cfing nlur each nuing My, nghla Ux e;k'h mang tu b;in, each mang khdng den noi, licng la cong lu);i va dim chu, ky ihuc

Irong ihl nd lirdc hie cdng iu"ing, ngo;ii ihl nd ;'ip hue thude tlj;i'\^

Hudng Ihco each nicing Thang Mudi va nh^i nude e;kii m;mg d Nga, NguyCn Ai Qudc da quycl dinh chon con dudng euu nude: Con dudng each mang v6 san Ngudi ndi: '^Miidn cuu nude va gi;u phdng dfm loc, khong cd con

dudng nao khac con duirng Cach miuig v6 s;»n'\ ''Chfnh phu c(")ng ndng binh,

phai ruong d;tl cho d;"in cfiy, gi;io cong xudng cho lln; thuyen r;i silc Id chuc

kinh te mdT dd U\ nu") hinh nha lurt'yc ihfch h(.)p d Viet Niim Ngudi chi rd

''chung la dii hy sinh lam c;kh nuuig, ihl nen l;im cho ticn noi, nghT;i l;i hUn siio

cho c;ich menh rdi ihl (|iiyen gi;io cho d;ui chung st) nhieu, c\\d de Irong l;iy

mot bon ft ngu't)! The nu')i khdi hy sinh nhit:u hin, ihe d;'in chung mdi duoc h;uih phiic'\ *'*

Tu nhung nluju ihuc lren d;"iy, Nguytin Ai Qudc d;l l;im l;k c;i de vir;i chuan bi cho su nghiep gi;u phdng dan toe, vu;i chiirin hi cho vice ihiet l;)p mot nhi"i nirc^'c kicn mtVi tV Viet N;n'n N;~im 1930, vtVi lu c;icli l;i thii dien Qiit')c lc eong san, NguyCn Ai Qudc d;"i chu ddng dung ra Ihanh lap D;ing cdng s;in Vict Nam Ng;iy trt)ng Chfnh cu'ttng v;ln l;"il, S;kh lut/e v;Ui l;ll, Ngut)i nh;Yn manh vice "dung ra chfnh phu cdng ndng binh" Tlulng 10/1930 (|u;ui dicm vt: vit:c xay dung mot nh;i nude cdng ndng binh mdl l;1n nii';i du'oc klulng dinh Liu'in circ^ng chfnh trj viet: " Phai dung len chfnh ciuyen Xd vici cdng ndng mt':>i I;i cai khf cu m;»nh me d;'mh dt'i de ciut'ic chu nghki, phong kicn diii chu l;un cho th'm c;iy cd thVl m;i cay, l;im cho vd s;in cd ph;'ip luat b;io ve (|iiyen Itvi cho minh " '"^'

Nlur v;)y ng;iy iU ngi^y llukih l;'ip, D;ing ta v;i Chu lich 1 Id Chf Minh da

ciiuin Iriel ldi d;_iy ciui kenin vc vffn de chfnh quyen dc v;)n dung v;io each niang

dAn, vl dan Sir khang dinh dd da dinh hutS'ng clu) c;i qiul liinh tiau Iranh giTui

va giu chfnh quydn cAch m;»ng hau 70 nam qua

2 Dang lanh dao, lo chuc dau Iranh giaidi chmh (|nyen

a.Xd viet Nghe Tinh, sir khdo nghiem ddu tien tren thuc te ve mgt nh nudecdch mang :

Trong bdi c;inh mc)t nutk ihuoc dia nua phong kieii, bon de qucic v phong kicn su dung be) m;iy ihdng tri dd so dc dan ap nhan dan, mudn dap la chfnh quyen cu, dung len chfnh quyen Cdng ndng, nhal ihicl phai dung sii manh cua quan cluing Chfnh vl vay ngay li^r khi ra ddi Dang eong san Vit nam da bAl lay vao vice v(in ddng, giac ngd ciiuln chung x;iy dung luc luon each nuuig Nhd v;iy, phong li;io d;fu lr;uili ci'ui quan cluing Irong ca lurdc tl day len manh me, lao nen c;io Irao c;k'h mang 1930-1931 m;i dinh cao l;i X

viel Ngh6 Tinh Su vung day cii;i cjufin chung cdng ndng (V Nghe An va H

1Tnh da lal nhao v;i lam lan ra he ihcing chfnh ciuyen thuc dfm de qudc d nhic thdn xa Tu ddi hdi cua phong trao, c;k' ^'Xil bd ndng'' ' T h d n be) ndng" du'o thanh lAp va kip lh()i tlung ra l;im nhicm vu ciui nu)l chfnh c]uyt:n c;ich nuun 71idn Ix) ndng, Xa be) ndng da id chuc nhung he) pluin clulm le) ddi sdng v; chiVt va tinh llu1n ciia nluin d;"in, tluinh hip r;i de)i tu vt: dd, c;ic toa ;ui each m;in

lam thdi dti' dung b;u) luc lr;fn {\p sir chdng ddi ciui kti ihii "X;~i ho ndng'' LIUO

xem hi CO't]iian hanh chfnh, hi tkii tlitjn chan chfnh ci'ui nluin d;in dia phuo'ng '

M;ic dfi chfnh qiiyCn dd mdi chi ton tai d mdl sd di;i |~)luro'ng v;i ve I chik chiiu tkil tlcii mik lu>;iii chinh nhu'ng xt:l ve Ifnii gi;u cap Ihi Xd Vici Ngli Tinh la cdng cu chuyen chfnh eiui nluin d;in do D;ing gi;ii c;i'p cdng nluin hinh

dcio, Xd vici Nghe Tinh chi ton Uji trong nidi thdi gian ng;in do nhung yen I khach quan vii ciui ciuan St)ng chfnh e|iiyt:n Xd vici d;~i khAng dinh lren lluic I

Ifnh c;k'h nuing v;i tliinu d;in cua mdl mo hinh nlui nude vd s;in nvA D;\iU2 la v

chu lich 1 Id Chf Minh neu r;i Ironu c;k- \';in kien d;ui lien

h Mat trdn Met Minh vd vai trd cda nd ddi vdi su la ddi chinh quve cdch mang:

Nam 1939, chien iranh the gitri lan thu 2 bung no Vai ng;iy s;m nirdc

I n S>r l l i j i I i h i l M l l » \A I'1111 > l u i l \ ' i v l N i i i i l l t i > •!> ll I y l l i ^ m i : M l ' ) l ^ ,!,; >, ) \ ' , > n I ii.U I h u 1 1 , 1 1 | \ | | 11 l ' i , M , h ' l

Phap lao vao vdng chieii Do bi cuem hiil vao chien Iranh, ihuc dan Ph;ip d;~i ihi hanh hang loat chfnh sach phan dong, day mau ihurui diin Ide Viet Nani vdi ciui nghla ihuc d;in gay gfit hon bao gid ht:i Diiug Iriidc linh hinh ;i'y, v;in dung kinh nghiem ciia thdi ky 1930 - 1931; 1936 - 1939, D;ing cdng s;in Ddng ducyng ciui Iruo'ng dicu chinh chieii luoc each nu.ing Su dieiii chinh chien lutyc each mang the hien qua cae hdi nghi Trung Ueyng D;ing hin thu 6 (1 1/1939), lan thir 7 (1 1/1940), kin thu 8 (5/1941) Diing ta khang dinh nhicm vu co ban ciia each mang d Viet Nam v;in la che'^iig d6'qudc, cheuig phong kien Nhung trong ihdi kl irirek miii khi nuiii lluuin dan toe trd nen gay g;il, c|iiyt:i liet ihl plu'ii diii nhicm vii gi;ii |-)hdng d;in ldc len luing diin VI ihe, D;iiig Xik dinh diiy

la thdi ky true ticp cluuin hi gianh chfnh quyen Meu hoiil d()ng ciia lo;in Dang

tt);in dAn phi'ii xoi'iy N'iio nhicm vu litMig liim cdp biich eld

Thirc hien ciui trucmg chuyen hirdng lren d;iy tren diiy, vt: null chfnh quyen Nh;i nude Dang dii Ciin cu viio tinh hinh cu ihe de cd e|iiyei siich thfch he;p: Khiui hieu ihiinh lap chfnh quyen Xd viet cdng ndng binh duoc Ihay hiing

kluui hicu chfnh quyen Diin chii Cong hoii Viln kien ciia hoi nghi Trung nang

Ii1n thii' VIII khfing dinh: "Sau khi ekinh dudi dirc;c de qudc ph;il xfl Nhal, Ph;tp

se ihiinh hip mdl Chfnh phu C;k'h m;.iiig ciui lurcic V\C;[ Niim chin chii ctiiig

hoiV, "Chfnh phu ciia nutic Viel N;im diin chii cdng hoii do Que')c ekin Dili he)i culcn" "*

Nhung khiing dinh lren, the' hicn budc phiil incn mdi v6 nhan thuc lluic lien eiia Diing vc mdl nlui nude cii;i thin, do diin, vl tian lien ca sd dinh hu'ting

lir niim 1930

De tap hap moi lire lireyng chcing de qudc, Diing chii iruong thiinh hip

mat Iran Viel Nam doc lap ddng minh (gc)i lilt lii Vitil Minh), ngiiy 25/10/1941, Mat trAn Viet Minh chfnh lluic rii dt^i, Mai triin bao gdm ciic id chuc tjiuin chung yen niitic chdng de cjiKi'c hVy Itin lii "lloi ciiu qudc" Siiii khi thiinh hip,

Miii triin Viet Minh dii ra luycMi ngdn neu rd "e;ic quyen \a\ dim tdc cao hoii hei

thiiy", dua ra nhung chfnh sikh ciin biin ve ddi noi, ddi ngoiii nham niuc lieu gii'ii phdng chin l()c, xiiy dung mdl x;i hdi diin chu, cdng b;ing

Cliii't)'ng liiiih ciiu niitic ci'i;i Vit.'l Minh da dap ung nguyen \ong ciia c;u

( I ) VLinkicn O/mg to.in Mp -'i;!]) 7 (l')4(l - I ' M ^ ) N \ l C'lC^C I.I I2()()0 - 11 l.^O

iring Idp nhiin chin tu lluiuh ihi den thdn ciuc, id chuc cuii nd pluil trien rdng khdp lii riirng niii deii ddng bring vii dd thi Ti;r chd la mot ic) chuc hip hc;p quiin

chung, miii Iran Vici Minh d;l pluil tricn vii vuan ldi ihuc hien vai trd to chuc

chfnh quy^n each mang

Ngi^y 9-3-1945, Nhal diio chfnii Phap, Ban thudng vu Tiung uong Diing

ra chi ihj " NhAl I^luip bAn nhau va himh dong ciia chung ta " B;in Chi thi lii kim chi nam cho meu hiinh de)ng ciia Ciich nujng trong Ihe^i ky mdi Viec tluinh lap ehinh quyen nhan dan, Chi thj neu r5 :

- U nhung viiiig diin quiin; du kfch boat ddng, e^ ciic Ciin cu dja ciich mang, ihanh lAp ciic "Uy ban nhan dan ciich miing" vh ''Uy ban cdng nhfin

Trude sir bicii chuyen nuiu lc ciia Iheyi cudc, ngay 16-4-1945, Tclng bd

Viet minh hu ni chi thi v6 vice thiinh hip Uy ban dan tdc giiii phdng Ciic Cii'p

Viin kicn neu rd " Trong linh the chfnh quyen de c|ii(")'c cd chd liin ra, cd chd

khdng dire^c on dinh nhueV nueifc ta ngiiy nay, Uy biin dan tdc giiii phdng lii hinh tluTc lien chfnh phu, Irong dd nhiin diin hoc lap de lien \cn giu chfnh qiiy6n

Ciich miing " *^*

Ban chi thi cdn Xiic dinh ro ihimh pluln uy vien irong ciic Uy ban (do qiiiln cluing mfl linh cdng khai hoi'ic bf mat biiii rii, mdi doan ilk cuu qudc cd mdl diii bit^'ii lluim giii uy biin); neu rd beiii nhicm vu cu ihe cua Ciic uy b;in niiy:

biio ve Vii benh vuc c|uycn loi nioi niiil cuii nluin d;in; id dure luiiiii luyen chfnh

trj, e|iiiin sir, biio ve Iriil lu iri an, ngiin ngUii vii diet trir giiin ; pluin xu ciic xungddt xfch mfch Irong ndi bo nluin ckin

Chi thi lren day da chuii'n bj dit:ii kien ciin thiet cho vitic Xiiy dung chfnh

(I)(2) Villi ki^ii O.ini; u>;.niOp-l'A|>7n'M(t-l'n^) N x h C M j d II2()(H)- li 171 M*i

cjuycMi cacli nuing va tap tlu*</l nliAn tian nam chfnh t|uyen khi It'Jng kluii ngi Ihiing loi

Dutii sir lilnh diU) ciia ciic cii'p uy Diing, nhieu cudc kluii nghT;i tirng ph

nd ra rdng khfip a nhirng neu dich suy yeu Den thiing 6/1945 chfnh c|uycn cii mang diT xuA't hicn a lulu hei Ciic Xil Ihudc Cao Biing, Liing St)n, I1uii Ngiiyc

Tuyen Quang, I Iii Giang

Ngiiy 4-6-1945, hdi nghi ciin bo Vict minh c]uyel dinh "tiii cii nhung k virc quAn giiii phdng chiem due;c thcuig nlui'l hii tluinh unit khu goi hi khu g phcing" *"

Nhu vAy khu giiii phdng bao gdiii 6 linh mien niii Vii nu)l pluln irung due;c Ihiinh lap Tiii day, mdl Uy biin chi buy lam thdi giiii phdng dii liim nhic

VU lanh diio toiin khu v6 moi mi^ii, dudi nUii cd uy ban nluin dan ciich m;ing ti^r Cii'p Xii dcii Cii'p tinh dt) nluin dAn cu len Ciic uy biin luiy dii lluic sir nam chf ejiiydn va thi luinh nhu'ng chfnh siich ciiii Viet minh Ciic Uy b;in da lluic hi hai dure luing chu yen : Triiii iip sir cluing dti'i cuii kt: llui, biit) ve ciich nuing

td chuc xAy dung cuoc stiiig mcJi ciiii nluin dan Cd ihe ndi khu giiii phdng hinh iinh ihu nhd mdt nude Vi£t Nam mdi lii ddi

Nhan xet ve y nghla eiia vice thanh lap Ciic uy ban giiii phdng, ddng c

Trire^ng Chinh viei: "Nhung [6 chuc ii'y cd uic dung r;ii ldn Nd mang liii c^ nhAn dAn mdl dip thuc hicn phd thdng dfiu phieu vii \i\p di1n cdng vice lull

chfnh Dung nhung uy ban nhan dAn Ciich niiing v.l Uy ban giiii phdng hi

birdc chuyen licp nluiy len chfnh the ceing hoil dan dui, do hi di^ic diem hei s

Ihii vi ciia sach lut)V cdng siin Viet Nam irong thdi ky lieii kluii nghla *"^'

c Cugc tong khdi nghia gianh chinh quyen lining Tdm 1945 thdng i

vd su ra ddi nhd nude Viet Nam ddn chu eong hod

Thiing 8/1945, linh ihe ciich nuing xuiii hien Iruc tiep Thdi co' kl ughki gianh chfnh c|uyt}n Irong c;i nu'tic ci'ia nhan dan Ui tia deii Ngiiy 13

1945, hdi nghi lo;in tiiidc ciiii Diing he)p Uii 1an l l k o quycl tljnh pluil tlo

khdi nghla trong cii nude giiinh chfnh quyen v6 Uiy nluin dan

Ngay 16-8-1945, (^iidc dan D;ii hdi kluii nuic hii Tim Tr;io, iK^n 60 d;ii

( h V i i n k i a i D a i i t : IO.MU.-I|) - I ip 7 ( I'i-lO I ' M ^ i N x l ( ' ! ( ; ( ; II2UM() - | , v l |

bieu thiiy m;it cho ciic diing pluii chfnh lil, ciie doiin the ciiu qudc, ciic dAn i( lf)n giao iLf BAC Trung Nam va cii Viet kidu d Tluii L;in, Lao v6 du diii hoi D^

hdi dii nhA't trf t;in llulnh chii trucmg tdng khdi nghlii ciiii Diing cc)ng siin Ddn

Duang vh ra ldi kCu goi nluin dAn cii nucyc, ciie doiln the qui1n chiing ciich miin

phiii kip thdi dung len pluui etiiii "giiinh hi'y chfnh c|iiyen, xAy dung nu)t nl nude Vict Nam dAn dui cdng hoil lren nen uing ho.ln loiln doc lAp".^'*

Dai hoi da quyet dinh hip Uy biin dAn loc giiii phdng Vict N;im, lid

ihAn ciia Chfnh plui lAm tluVi nuerc Viel Nam dAn chu cdng hoa do lid Cl Minh dfrng diiii Dili hoi da dill cet scV pluip ly ciich mang di1u \\cn cho mot ch

de) mdi siip ra de^i

Dai hdi Qudc dAn TAn Trao the hien sir doan kt^l nluil trf cua loan ih dAn tdc trong gid phiit quycl dinh Dili hdi bieu ihi ldng lin lUcVng luycl ddi ci'i nluin dan vilo sir lilnh eliio ciia Diing va c|uycl lAm ihuc hien dirdng ldi tdng khe nghla do Diing de ra Dili hdi Qudc dAn TAn Triio hi su kien cd y nghla cjiiii Irong ddi vdi quii trinh rii ddi cua nlui nutk' Irong ciich nuing tluing 'lYim 1945

Sau khi Qudc dAn D;ii hdi be nuic, Uy biin dAn ldc giiii phdng Viet Nai

da true tiep lanh dao nluin ckin cii nutic diing len lieii hanh ldng kluVi nghi irong pham vi cii luidc va giiinh ihAng loi mc)t each mau le, lit)n vt;n Tu nhien, do linh the ciich m;ing liic bii'y gid, mac dil nluin dAn la da giiinh dirc^ llulng loi nhung nuM the lire lIui djch, loi dung qiiAn tidng minh siip viio Ddn

duong ludc khf gidi quAn Nhal de ndi d(iy hdng Kit do chfnh c|iiyen Nlulm m

rong hofn lulu kluli tiiii tloan kel dan loc, lianh thu nlian Uli cho diVl nutic vil ha che den mile tlui'p nluil sir cdng kfch cua ke llul, ngiiy 25-8-1945 Uy ban dA toe giiii phcing Vict Niim da c]uyel dinh nlum Ihcm mt)l sd diii bieu cuii cii diing phiii yeu nude vd mot sd' nhan sT lif link ngt)ili null lii^n Vit:l minh vii ci

id llulnh Chfnh phu lam thdi Dd "hi iiidl Chfnh plui qiitlc giii ihdng nluil gi lrc)ng Iriich chi diio cho loan t|Ut)c doi ngiiy trieu lap Qudc hdi dc cii rii mt

Chfnh plui dan chu cdng ht);l chfnh ihuc '\ '"'

Danh sach Chfnh plui ciich nuing lam thdi gdm:

I Chii lich kiem Ngoai giiu): I Id Chf Minh

( D V i m k i c n DJnt; UMM l.ip 'I / ( I ' J I O • I'M.S) N x h e ' l ( ; ( i n2(J0() - ' I i.-S()(j

( 2 y n i c t ) I | J i M( t ; u u h o i \ ' M ; I N , m i ( l'J-16 \')(Ai\ N I , t -K.)( , M 1'J'J I 1 i M

2 Bd Irudng Be) Ncli vii: Vd Nguyen Giap

3 Bd Irirong B() Thdng lin luyen iruycn: Iran 1 luy Lieu

4 Be) IrucVng Be) Qudc phdng: Chu Van liiii

5 Bo trircVng Bd Thanh nien: Duerng Due Hicn

6 Bo trucVng Bd Kinh lc ciud'e gia : NguyCn Miinh Mil

7 Bo trirdng Bd Cuu lc Xa hoi: NgiiyOn VAn Td

8 Be) irueVng Bd Tu pluip: Vil Trong Khiinh

9 Bd liirtVng Bd GiiU) thdng Cdng chfnh: Dao Tiong Kim

10 Be) trirdng Bd Lao ddng: Lc VAn I Iicn

1 I, Bd irucVng Bt) Y le:': Pluim Ngoe Tluich

12 Bd irudng Be) Tiii chfnh: Pluim Van Ddng

13 Bd irUeVng Be) Qiiel'c giii (iiae) due: Vil Dinh I le)e

14 Bd irutVng khdng giu bd lule): Cii I luy Ciin

15 Be) irudng khdng giu be) lulo: Nguyen VAn XuAn

Ngiiy 30-8-1945, hii Hue, ciic dng Nguyen Luerng BAng, Tian lluy Lieu Ci^i Huy Ci~in thay mat Chfnh plui kim ihdi da luyen bd chiip nluin sir ihoiii v ciia Biio Dili vil nluin il'n, kiem ciiii nlui vua giao nop cho Chfnh plui iru'dc si chung kieii ciia ddng diio ddng bao Thua Thien 1 lue

Ngay 2-9-1945, lre)ng le rii null ddng bao c;i nude t;ii c|ii;ing Irird'ng B; Dinh - Hil ne)i, Chu lich lid Chf Minh lluiy m;il Chfnh plui him thdi doc hiii Tuyen ngdn ddc lap,da khai sinh rii nude Vict luim Dan chu Cdng ho;i Su kici lich sir trong diU dd vuii kl kcl cjiui ciia t|ii;i trinh chili liiinh giiin khd giiml chfnh quyen Irong sutll 15 luiiu ciia Diing va nluin dan Ui, viki hi su md d;1u dv Ihdi ky lich sir mdi: Tlu^)i kl xAy dung, ciing cd va biu) ve chfnh ciuytl-n cac niang

II. DANG LANII DAO XAY ni.iNcj vA CI'JNG CO no MAY CHINI QUYLNCACll MANGTIK^JI KY 1945- 1946:

Gianh chfnh ciiiyC-n da klui nhung giu chfnh c|ii>en lai cimg khd hai

Ngay sau khi llulnh lap, chfnh quyen ciicli nuing da |ih;ii ddi phd vdi vd va

khd khan Ducii danh nghla ddng minh, 20 viin quan llrdng kt^e) vao miein Bac

va hang van quAn Anh keo vao mien Nam Niip sau quAn Anh lil ihue dAn Pluip dang llm moi ciich xAm lire;c Ird liii Ddng Duong Bon ck' qudc cd mau thuan vdi nhau v6 qiiydn Icu, nhung Uu ihdiig nluil vdi nhau d mdl dicm hi llm nu/i each tieu dicl bang dutyc phong Iriio ciich miing ciia nluin dan la

Theo cluin beui dc c|udc, Ciie diing phai pluln dong lir nude ngoili keo ve,

bon tay sai lir trong nude ndi Icn, nhan hic ciich miing khd kluln dang tlm moi Ciich lal dd chfnh quyen

Cling vdi uiin ngoiii xAm lidi pluin, ca sd vat cluii ciiii chfnh ejuycn treliig

rdng: Cdng nghiep dinh ddn, ndng nghiep lieu dic^u, liii chfnh kict que, 90^/r liAn sd' mil chu Chfnh cinydi ciich nujng dura cd mdt lurtk uilo ticn the gidi cdng nhan

Khd kluln cluil chdng, dill chfnh qiiy(:n ciich nuing diing irudc ihu thach

"ngan cAn treo se;i ldc" Viln menh td qudc, chfnh quyen each m;ing cd nguy

CO sdng cdn Cudc dilli tranh ciia nhAn dAn ta viin cdn licp dicn, pluii "Kluing

chien kien qudc", dal \a'i fch " DAn tdc tren hcl ", "Td c|ud'c lren htil '\

Khiic vc)i noi dung ca biin trutk dAy ciui c;ich mang giiii phdng dan ldc

hi dAli tranh chdng dc ciudc, tiiy sai de' giAnh chfnh cjiiyt:!!, ihl ngay nay noi

dung cey biin hi d;lii tninh chdng giiic ngoai thil Irong dc giu chfnh c|uyeiu

Chfnh c|iiyen la llulnh cjUii, hi kcl tinh cao nluil ciiii ciich nuing lluing Tiim nam

1945 Mill chfnh quyen hi mffl liii cii, hi trd hii nd lc Mutlli giu chfnh quyen khdng cd con ducyng lulo kluic hi chdng xAm lue/c, hi cd ng;iy nhung chii truc^fng, bien phiip dc xay dung, ciing cd biio ve chfnh c|uycn

1 Xay dnng va cimg cd ho may chinh qnyen Trnng ucmg

a, Xdy dung J cung cd co quan lap phdp, hdnh phdp d Trung Uong:

Dc chfnh ihuc hoii vii hoan ihicn nlui nude d Trung uong, cdng vit:c diiu lien pluii lien hanh hi td chuc cudc Tdng luyen cu lu do irong cii nutic, xiic licii

viee di den Qudc hoi d6 c|Lii dinh Hicn pluip, bi1ii Chfnh phu chfnh lluic

ll't)ng phien hop d;1u licMi ciui Hdi dt")ng Chfnii phu ngiiy 3-9-1915, llt1 Ciui 1lch da ndi: " Trude day nluin dAn l;i khdng dutrc hudng tiuytin lu do dan

chii Chiing la khdng cd Hien pluip dan chii Tdi dc nghj Chfnh phii id ch

cang sdm cilng hay cuoc Tdng luyen cu vdi che do phd thdng diiu nhicu ".*'*

Cdng vice chuiui bi Tdng luyen cu dire;c tic:ii hanh khiin tru'o'ng va b

diim thuc su dan chii, chu dao Ngiiy 8-9-1945, Chfnh plui nirdc Vict Nam d

chii cdng hoa da ban luluh sAc lenh sd 14/SL, quyet dinh md cudc Tdng tuy

cu de bSu ra Qudc hoi SAc lenh chi ro "Chfnh phii nhan dAn loan qudc sc <

mdl Qudc dAn dai hoi bfiu ra Iheo ldi phd thdng dfiu phieu cu len" "trong m

Ihdi hiin hai thang ke tu ngay ky SAc lenh nay se md cue)c Tdng luyen cu b

Qude dAn did hc)i " Va " till cii cdng ckin Vict Nam, cii trai giii tu 18 ludi t

len, d6u cd quy6n luyen cu vh ung cii, Uit nhung ngucu da bi ludc mAl cdi

quyen vil nhirng ngirfu trf dc khdng binh ihudng ".*^*

Ngiiy 26-9-1945, Chfnh plui ra sac lenh 39/SL llulnh hip Uy ban du th,

the le Tdng luyen cir, irong dd cd ckii dicn ciic gieli c;ic ngiinh Siic lenh 51/i

ngay 17-0-1945 qui dinh Tdng \uycn cir pluii dire)e lieii luinh theo ldi phd ihdi

dilu phieu, biiu cu true tiep va bf mat S;ic lenh sd 71/SL ngay 02-12-1945 I

quyCl Di6u 1 1 Chue:fng V ciia Siic lenh sd 51 nlulm tao di6u ki6n ihuAn lc;i cl

ngudi ung eCr

Cdng tac giao due, liiycMi truyen cho Tdng luye:n cu dirc;c lieii luinh re)i

rai Clie biio Cuu qude, Cd giiii phdng, diic biel hi id Nluil biio Qi'dc hoi da n

len y nghla cua Tdng tuyeii cu, ddng thdi hirdng dan nluin dan llm hieu ve ll

le biiu cu Cudc v;iii ddng Tdng luyen cii da thuc su ird llulnh dai sinh lu^

chfnii tri sAu rdng lren qui md eii nuck ^

Till Cii nhung vice him dd the hicn sir cd giing rill ldn ciia Diing, Chfi

phii Trong htl'i ciinli bdn be cdng vice, sir ehiuin bj chu diio, ly my cho Tdi

tuyen cu the hien y lluic, Inicli nhiem ciia Diing ve mc)t nen ckin ciui

Cdng cudc lien hanh Tdng liiyLMi cu dicn rii trong linh hinh Iki siic khd klui

Bon lay sai llm mt)i ciich phii hoiii, vl cluing hidu rang Tdng luyen cu ihiing I

nghlii hi Am muu hit dd chfnh quy6ii ciiii cluing da lluii b;u Trutk linh irinli ti

de md rdng khd'i doan kcl toiln dAn, thuc hicn dan chii, Hd Chf Minh vii IVii

bd Viet Minh da t|iiycl dinh mc^i Uii cii nhung nguui ngoiii nuil lr;in Vict Mini

(1) l l o f h i Minh'iomriVip-IVipIV- N x h C r Q C i - II 20(K) tr.7

(2)Viei Nam &^n i|iioc cAny h.in iig:iy 2')/0')/l94.S

cfmg ditng ire^ng danh sitcli iVng ci'r VI " Tdng iuy{?n cu hi mdi djp cho loiln th qude dan tu do lira che^n nhirng ngudi cd tai, ed diic, de ganh vac cdng vie

nu'dc nha Trong cudc Tdng luyen ci'r, Ik Ul nguin niutl'n \o vice nu'tic ihl dc

cd quyen ra irng cu, h6 la cdng dan thi dcu cd quyen di bau eu Khdng chia gii Irai, giau nghct), ton giiit), ndi gicllig, giai ciYp, diing plnii he hi cong dAn Vic Nam thi ddu cd luii quyCii dd Vi lc dd cho nen, Tdng luyen eu Uic hi tu de binh dAng la dAn dui doan kel " *'*

D^ hiin che sir plui lie)iu ciia kc thu, Diing la da thuc hicn siich liroc tho hiep, nhAn nlureyng tren cof sd giu vilng nguyen tiic Ngiiy 24-12-1945, Vit:

Minh, Vict Qudc, Vict Ciich dil ky biin bicn pluip dohn kcl gdm 14 dicm nluin liio khdng khf dn djnh cho Tdng tuyen cu Chiing ta cluip nhan mcV rdng Chfnl

phii lam Ihdi giilnii 70 ghe trong Qudc hdi cho Vict Qud'c, Viet Ciich khdnj qua biiu cu Ngiiy 1-1-1946 Chfnh |-»lui lAm thdi do Hd Chf Minh hi Chii ljch cl ciii td thanh Chfnh phu lien hiep lAm thdi Danh sach Chfnii phii Lien !iicp Lan thdi gdm cd:

1 Chii ljch kiem NgOiii giao : Hd Chf Klinli

2 Phd Chii lich : Nguy6n Hiii Tlu'in

3 Bd trudng bo Ndi vu : Vd Nguyen Giiip

4 Bd trirdng bd Tuyen triiyCn cd ddng : Tiiin 1 luy Lieu

5 Bd trucVng bd Qud'c phdng : Chu Van Tiin

6 Bo trueVng bd Thanh nien : Diicyng Dii'c Hicn

7 Bd trucVng bd Qudc dan Kinh le : Nguyfin Tudng Long 8.Thu trudng bo Qud'c dAn Kinh tc : Nguyen Miinh Hii

9 Be) IrucVng be) Ciiu te xa lu)i : Ngiiydi VAn Td

10 Bd Irudng bd Tu" phap : Vil Trt)ng Khiinh

1 1 Bd trucVng bd Y le : Truo'ng Dinh Tri

12 Thu trucVng bd Y lc : lloilng Tfch Trf

13 Bd trudng bo Giao thdng Cdng chfnh : Diio Trcuig Kim

14 Bd trUeVng bd Lao ddng : Le Van Hien

15 i3d Irudng be) Tai chfnii : Pluim Van Ddng

( l ) l l o t l i i M i n h T u i n IVip - l a p IV- N \ l f K K i - II 2(K)() ii I i.i

16 Bd trudng bd Qud'c gia Giiio due : Vil Dinh Hoe

17 Bd Irudng bd Canh ndng : Cil Huy Ciin

18 Bo trudng bd khdng bo : Nguyen Van Xuan

Cdng viec diki lien ciia Chfnh phii Lien hiep LAm thdi la him cho loan dAn due;c tuyen cir lot dep, va chuan bi siln sang viee khai Qud'c hdi

Cling vdi qua irlnli tang cudng doan kel, dilli Iranh hoa hoan d bcMi lren

dc lao khdng khf chfnh tri on djnh, cdng liic ciiuiiii hi Tdng luyen cir diivc lien

hanh hcl sue klui'n truc:^ng, ciic ban biki cu da dire;c llulnh lap deii Urn hlng xa do Clie Uy ban nliAn dAn true licp diim nhitjni

Trong khdng khf sue sdi eiia ciicli miing, nluin dan Cii nueic ddn nhan va chuan bi Tdng luyen cu nhu mot ngay hoi ldn ciia minh Biing siic numh vl ekii Vll niem lin lUcVng luycl ddi Vilo Chfnh plui Viet Niim Dan chii Ce)ng hoa va dui tjch I Id Chf Minh, nluin elan la da licii U'u Tdng luyen cu biing luinh ddng c;idi mang thuc ticn luing ngay

Ngily 6-1-1946 eLie)c Tdng tuyen cu mang Ifnh cluil dAn ciui diiu lien eV Viet Nam duc;c lien luinh trong cii nutic Mac dii didn ra trong dicu kien het sue khd khan, nhirng ly lc cii iri di bd phieu diit nil ciio

() Hil Ndi, kci c|Uii I 72.765 trong ldng sd 1 87.8H0 uic 9 1,95% cu iri ciia

Cii 74 khu phd ndi tluinh va 1 18 hlng da di bd phieu, siiu Irong tdng sd 74 iing

cu vien da triing cu diii bieu Qudc hdi Ngudi tning cu llui'p nluil hi 52,5^/P,

ngudi dill phieu ciit) nluil hi Hd Chf Minh tluoc 169.222 phieu, uic 98,4%

Tiii Hiii Phdng, tinh hinh cd phuc liip hon, quAn Tudng xong viio cudp hdm phieu d nhieu no'i, bill ciia la nhifiu cdng an, biio ve nhirng sd cu lii di bfiu vAn dill 96%

Dilc biel Ciic linh phfii Niim, nluli hi Niun Bt), ciu)c biiu cii tliCn ra lit)ng di(5u kicn bom d;in iic liet ciia ke llul Ngay tu cud'i lluing 10/1945, siiu khi dire;c lAiig cud'iig luc hrtvng, thuc tlAn Pluip da plui vdng vAy diinh rdng rii khi'ip Ciic tinh Nam Be) Ciidi lluing 11/1945 cluing chicm cac thi xa dirdng giiio

thdng chicn lut^c viing ddn tlicn c;ie) su a c;ic tinh mien Ddng, mien Trung vii mdt phiin mien TAy Niim Wo Ddng ihdi cluing tlo bo Icn Nlui Tiiing, iil' dd

diinh re)!ig ra ciic linh Niim Trung Bd v;l viing rung niii IViy Nguyen hdng ihdn

ifnh Mien Nam nutk ta lir vl tuyeii 16 treV vao Tn)ng linh hinh dd, cutlc Tdng

luydn cii d ciic linh piifa Niim, Irir nhung noi djch dura tieii den vAn dicn ra

binh thue''Tfng, cdn ndi cluing nil khd khan ciuycl liet Nluin dAn Mien Niim di bd phieu biiu cu Qud'c hdi hi the hicn y chf ddc liip ihtl'ng nluil, kicn t|uyel kluing

chicn chel'ng Ihuc dAn Pluip xAm lire;yc iing hd Chfnii plui Wo Chf Minh, b;io vt:

linh lhc)ng nhal va tOiln vi;n lanh thd Vict Nam VI viiy, nluin dan di bd phie:li rat ddng, bAl chil'p bom diin ciia giiic Pluip Nhieu noi nluin dAn pluii ddi Cii xircmg iTiiiu de ihuc hicn quyen tu do dAn eliii eu;i minh Tiii Siii Gdn, Che; Ldn, qtiAn Phap da chiem loan be) thanh phd va ciic vilng xung qiiiinh, Tdng luyen

cu didn ra dueu sir li;ing liip, kluing bd giiy gill ciia kc llul Uy b:in hanh chfnh

llulnh phd' mac dil pluii chuyen ra ngoiii d thiinh phd nhung viin biim siil chi diio nliAn dAn ndi vil ngOiii llulnh ticii hanh Tdng luyen eu Hilng inlm ciin bd chfnh quydn, chieii sy him cdng Uic luyen cu da chia di Ciic ngii biim siil tung khu phd' ti;rng xdm lao de)ng lung ngudi dAn de li^ip danh siich cii iri, tuyen truyen van c!dng bA\i cu Khdng cd noi bo phieu ed' dinh, mdi hd mdi phudng da cd nhuiig hdm phieu co ddng dc chuyc;'n di ciie ngd xdm Cii Sili Gdn Clu; Ldn cd luing tiAm hdm phieu nhu vay Tiii Sai Gdn Che; Ldn, 42 ciin bd chiejii sy hy sinh Irong khi him nhicm vu 1Y)ng luyen cu Tiii TAn An, nuiy b;iy Pluip x;i siing ban vao noi quan cluing bd phieu, him 14 ngudi chei vii nhieu ngirdi bj thue)ng Viiy ma cd lren 90% cir tri di bd phieu

Tiii Tay Nguyen, ngay truck ngily Tong luyen cu, Ihuc dAn Pluip da dilng nuiy biiy nem bom mdl sd ne)i dc kluing bd ckin cluing, nhung CIR)C biui cu viin

duc;c lien hanh

Nhin chung, Cii 71 linh tluinh trong cii nude, 89% ldng sd cii iri da di bd phieu, phd bien hi 80% Nhicu noi diit 95% Tru mdl sd noi phiii biui bd xung cdn tuyet dai da sd ciic dja phue^ng chi biui mot huu Cii nuek da bi1u due;c 333 diii bieiu, trong dd cd 57% sd ckji bieu lluidc Ciic eking pluii kluic nluiu, 43^>^ khdng diing pluil, 87% sd diii bieu hi cdng nluin, ndng dAn, chieii sy ciicli mang, 10 did bieu la phu nu, 34 diii bieu lii ciic dan ldc fl ngudi

Thiing loi ciiii cudc Tdng luyen cu, Qud'c hdi dfiu litMi ciia nutk Viet Niim dAn ciui cdng he^ii r;i ddi, diinh ekili mdl mdc son ciium trong trong c|ua

irlnh xay dirng ciing co chfnii quyen ciiii Dang siiu each nuing lluing Tam nam

1945 Neu nhu Qudc dAn Did hdi ihang 8-1945 gdp pluln quiin Uong che) sU ra ckdi eiia Chfnh ciuyen Ciieh nuing, thi Tdng tuyen cu 1-1946 ciing cd ihcm tlu\ng le;l nliAn dAn la dil giiinh duc;c, tha c o sd pluip ly vilng c h a c c h o su tdn liii Ciia nhil nude cdng ndng dfiu lien d Ddng Nam A

Sau thiing \g'i ciia Tdng luycn cu, be)n de qudc va ciic the lire llul dich

cang dien cudng chdng phii Ciicli nuing Tliue dAn Pluip md rdng chien tranh d

mien Nam Ciie the lire de qud'c dan xep, mua biin vdi nluiu ve viin dc Ddng

Duong lren dau nhAn dAn la, va cuoi ciing Tudng ddng y cho Phii]') ra Bac him nhicm vu giiii giiip c]uAn Nluil

Triet de khai lluic linh hinh khd kluln phuc Uij), bt)n Viet Qudc, Vict Ciich khdng lir me)l tliii doiin nao hdng gAy siic cp vdi Chfnii plui Ciich miing.^ Chiing ddi them ciic ghe trong Chfnh plui chfnii ihuc, vdi da lAm lam bien cluil nhil iiuci'c each m;ing bAng phirong phap lie)a binh

Diing trirck tinh hinh dd, Diing la mot mi^it nhanh chdng id dure nluin

dAn Sitn silng kluing chicn, nuit khiic hei site "binh linh", "mem dco'\ tiiiiih bAi

cu sa ha nho nui kei llul cd the loi dung cdng kfch Cdng vice titlli hii ky hop thu nliAl ciia Qud'c hc)i klioii 1 duac chuan bj khfin trueyng, chu ekio Ngiiy 25-2-

1946, sau nhieu liln thuc^ng lue;ng, Hdi nghi lien ljch 4 Diing pluii chfnh tri (Viet Minh, DAn Chii, Vict Quel'c, Viet Ciich) da Iheliig nluil:

1 Tluinh lap Chfnh plui Lien hiep khiing chicn chfnh ihuc gdm 10 be):

Be) Q u d c phdng vil Ndi vu dd ngudi khdng diing phiii n a m , ciic be) Tiii

clulih, Giao thdng Cdng chfnh, Giao due, Tu phiip do Vict Minh DAn ciui niim

2 llulnh lap Uy vien kluing chien hdi gdm 9 ngudi de chuyen h) vice kluing chieii

3 Tluinh lap Qutl'c gia co vii'n doiiii tlo Cd vii'n ldi cao Vinh Thuy kim

doiin irudng, bao gdm eae vi cd diio diic, kinh nghiem dc gdp y cho Chfnh plui

Rd rang sir nluin nlure;ng lren dAy ihc hicn quan ditJm vl lt;i fch dan ldc,

vl khd'i diU doilii kei le);lii dan ciia D;ing va Ciui Tich Hd Chf Minh Su nhan nlure;ng dd d;l lu.in die sir plui hoai ciia c;ic ihc lire pluin dong hiy s;ii, Ifip Ining lire lue^ng ciia each numg vao kc llul chfnii lii ihuc clan Pluip

Ngay 2-3-1946, siui mdt ihtri giiin cluuin hi, Qutl'c hdi khoa 1 da kluii

mac Xm Tliii do Hii Ne)i Ciic dai bieu tluio luAn sdi ndi vd vice thiinh kip Chfnh

phu Lien hiep khang chien Qudc hdi da nluil trf biiu Hd Chf Minh lam ciui lich

Chfnh phii, Nguyfin Hiii Tlu1n him phd Ciui ljch Qudc he)i da giiio cho Chii ljch

Hd Chf Minh vil phd Ciui ljch Ngiiydi Ihii Thfin diing ra llulnh lap Chfnii plui

mdi

Thanh phan Chfnh plui lien hiep khiing chicn bao gdm:

1 Chii ljch Hd Chf Minh

2 Phd Chii tjch ' Nguydn I liii Tluln

3 Be) trirdng Bd Nge)iii giao Nguydn Tudng Tiim

4 Be) trirdng Bd Ndi vu 1 liiynh lluic Kluing

5 Be) trirdng Bt) Kinh tc (lui Ba PhU(;ng

6 Bo Irudng Bd Tai clifiih Le Van I lit^ii

7 Bd trutVng Bd Qud'c phdng Phan Anh

8 Be) Irudng Bt) xa hdi kiem TiUc^ng Dinh Tri

Y le, Cuu le vii Liio Ddng

9 Be) trudng Bd Giiie) due Diing Ihiii Mai

10 Bd irudng Bd Tu |:>luip Vu Dinh I loe

11 Bd Irudng Bo Giao thdng Triki Dang Khoa

Cdng chfnh ^

12 Bd IrutVng Bd Ciinli Ndng Bd Xuan Liuit

CAn cil nhieni vn, t|uycn lum, Qiu'fc hdi LIA tiiiyci djnh bAu B;in Thutyng

true gdm 15 uy vien chfnh lluic va ba uy vic'n du khiiyt:!:

TrUeVng biin : Ngiiydn Van Td Phd Irudng ban : Pham Van Ddng

Cung Dinh Quy

De chuii'ii bj cho su ra dtli Hitjii pluip, d;,io liuil ca b;in ciia qudc gia,

Qude hdi da lulu ni lum du tluio llieii plui]^ gdm 1 1 ngudi : Cii Huy Ciin Diio

HQu Duang, Dd Due Due, Pluim Gia Dd, Tiun Duy Hung, Nguydn Cao Ihich,

Tn1n TiYn Tho, Huynh Bii Nhung, Tdn Quang Phiet, Nguydn TIij Tliuc Vien, Nguydn Dinh Thi

Trong tinh hinh kluiln trirong liic biVy gid, Qud'c hdi ky lu;p ihu 1 chi hip trung viio vice ndng bdng nluil hi thiinh lap cho dire;c Chfnh plui lien hiep

khang chicn va mdl sd ca quan Uong ye'u quan Ircuig ciia Qudc he)i vii Nlui

nude Viec ihiinh lap Chfnh phii lien hiep khang chieii, cey cjuan luinh chfnh cao nhAl didu hiinh moi mat ciia dill nude cd y nghla vd cilng lo lc7ii nlulm id chuc, ddng vien nhAn dAn vao cdng cudc kluing chieii kicii e]ud'c

Siiu ky hop Ihu 1 Qiul'c hdi khoa I, linh hinh bieii chuyen miiii lc, dac biel khi Chfnh plui ta ky vdi Pluip Hiep djnh So bd 6-3-1946, khi mdl sd nhan viit Irong Chfnh plui ciiii diing pluii Vict Qudc, Vici Cach diio Ifiu Thu'c tien ddi hdi phiii cd mdt Chfnh phii biel lam vice, cd gan gdc, quycl lAm di viio muc dfcli, treuig ihl kieii tiiici, iigeuli ihl triiiih thii ddc hip vii ihdng nluil nu'tic nlui

Dc diip ung yeu Citu dd Ban Tliudng vu Qud'c hdi da Irieu lap Qutl'c hdi ky hop thu II U:ii Ihii dd Ihl Ne)i lir ngiiy 28-10 den 9-11-1946

Tai ky hc^p mly, ngay 3-1 1-1946, Chfnh plui mdi do Hd Chf Minh diing driu da duc;c thanh lap

Danh sach Chfnii plui biio gdm :

1 Ciui ljch kiem Ngoiii giao : Hd Chf Minh

2 Bo IrucVng bd Ndi vu : Huynh Thiic Kluing

3 Be) trudng bt) Qutl'c phdng : Vtl Nguytin Giap

4 Bd Irudng bd Giao due : Nguydn Van I luyen

5 Bd trirdng be) Tiii chfnh : Lc Van Hit^ii

6 Bd trirdng bd Giao ihdng Cdng chfnh : Trfin Dang Khoa

7 Be) irUeVng be) l i r |')luip : Vil Dinh Hoc

8 Bd irudng bo Y tc : I loang Tfch Tri

9 Be) Irudng bd Lao dtlng : Nguydn Van Tiio

10 Bd Iruel'iig bd Ciinh ndng : Ngd Tifn Nluvn

I 1 Bd trirdng bd Kinh lc : Mdl vi d Niim Bd

12 Bd trudng Ix) Cuu le'xa hdi : Chu Ba Phuong

11 Bd irudng bd Kinh le : Mdt vi d Nam Bd

12 Bo trudng bo Cilu lc xa hoi : Chu Bii Phue^ng

13 Be) lruc)'ng be) khdng be) : Nguydn VAn Td

14 Bd irudng bd khdng be) : Bd XuAn Luat

DAy lil mdl Chfnh plui td rd "linh Uuki Qud'c he)i Lien hiep" "chii Uong llitrc te va sc nd lire liim vice dc Iranh thii quyen ddc Lip va thdng nhill lanh Ihd cimg xAy dung me)l nuek Viet Nam mdi ".*'*

Ban ihirc^ng true Qud'c hdi duc^c bilu tiii ky hop ihil II gdm 18 vj

Ngay 11-11-1946, Ban Thudng true Qudc hdi da hc;p de bi1ii ni Ban ihuryng vu gdm 5 ngirdi: Biii Biing Doiin trudng ban, Tdn Due Tluing vii Tdn Quang Phiel la phd trirdng ban, Nguydn Dinh Tlu lii Tlur ky, Duong Due Hien

la phd thuky

I), Thdnh lap, cung cd cdc co' quan chuyen mdn trite thugc Chinh plui

Song song vdi qua trinh xAy dung, hoan ihicn co quan lap pluip, ca qium

hanh chfnh, cac co quan chuyen mdn, ban ngiinh true lluie)c ciiii Clihih plui Cling dirc;c thanh lap

Ngily 3-5-19-16 Chfnh plui ra S;ic k-nli sd' 57/SL llulnh lap Van phdng Chii ljch nude va Tliii tircing Chfnh plui Theo Siic lenh nay, de giiip Hd Qui Tjch vil Tliil tudng Chfnii phu llurc hicn cluk nang vii nhiem vu ciia minh cd Van phdng Qui ljch plui v;l Van phdng Chfnii plui, \tii dure nang va e]iiycn liiin rAl rd rimg VAn phdng Qui lich plui cd nhiem vu :

- Tie'p xiic vt'^i ciic doan the qiuln cluing, ihAn sy, kieu biio, ra leu hieu trieu, cliuiln bj tlur lil, tiing pluim

- Tie'p khach

- Dicu hoil cdng vice giila Quel'c he)i vii Chfnh phu

- Giiii cjuycil dan khieli luii, an xa, An giiim

- Lam cdng liic khen thudng

- Giao thiep vdi nutk ngoiii

- Cham lo gia dinh ciin bd cao cil'p

{I) 116 Chi Minh loan Ulp tap IV Nxb CrQ( i H 2(H)2 TN311

17

TRUNG T.^r-/, T H ' ^ ' K - '\\\ [ H i ; /lEfJ

VAn phdng Plm tudng plui cd nhitim vu :

- NAm linh hinh ciic bo

- Tdng hc;p huii le

- Dicu hoa vii phan phd'i hoiit ddng eiia ciic bo, theo ddi cdng viec cd ifnh chitl Iicn be), giiip ddcac bd liCn hic vdi nhau

- Theo doi td chirc hoat ddng chung cila Qifnh plui

- Nghien curu, dicu chinh, id chuc each liim vice cila cae bo

- Lien liic vdi Biin llurr^iig vu Qud'c hoi lA'y y kicii vd luAl lc chutyng trinh ngAn siich, lien hic vdi ban viin de)ng Ihi dua ai qud'c

Vice llulnh lAp co quan giiip vice Qui ljch nude, Thii ludng Chfnh plui

da giiip Ngirdi dung ckui Nha nuck, niim bill linh hinh hoiil ddng ciia qud'c gia m(J)t ciich kip Ihc^i chfnii xiie, lren co so dd cd ciui trirc^ng elifnii xiie kip thdi

Dc thirc hicn tirng cdng vice eu the trong pluim vi rdng lei'n, Chfnh plui

da ban hanh Sac lenh tluinh liip ciic Uy ban, Ban true thuoc

- SAc lenh sd 64/SL ngiiy 23-11-1945 thimh lap Ban Thanh tra di:ic bie^h Ban Tluinh tra dac biel cd nhiem vu giiip Chfnh plui Irong cac lioiil ddng Tluinh tra, kiem Ira Ong Bi^ii BAng Doan, nguyen tninh nhill toil Tlurgng lluim Ihl Ne)i vil dng Cd Huy Ciin - Bd IrucVng Bd Canh ndng dire;c cu vao Biin Thanh tra eklc luet

- Siic lenh 67/SL ngiiy 28-11-1945 thiinh Lip Uy ban ldi cao ve tiep lc va cuu tc, Uy ban nay cd loan quydn luinh dong va thi luinh nhirng phuong pluip

Clin thiet dc lang gia siin xuat, tiep te va cuu lc cho nhan dAn trong toiin cdi

chfnh, hanh chfnh, xa hdi, vAn hoa \;1 tluio ra nhung dc an dua len Chfnii plui

Uy ban niiy dat dueli quyen chi dip Iruc tiep ciia Qui Tich iiutk D;inli siicli Uy

biin Nghien cilu ke lioiich kieii thicl gdm: Phan Anh, Trjnh Van Bfnh, Cii lluy Can, Dinh Quang Chicu, Nguydn XuAn Duong, Bi;ii BAng Doan, Phiim VAn Ddng, Hoilng Ninh Giam, Vd NguyCn Giap, Triln VAn Giiiu, Nguydn Miinh

Ha, Hoan Xuan Han, Vu Van Hien, Phiim Khfic Hc^e, Nguydn Phii Huu, Nguydn Van Huyen, Ho Ta Khanh, Vu Ngoe Khuc, Cd TAm Chfnh, Phan Tu Lang, Hd Dac Lien, Nguydn Tudng Long, Nguydn VAn Luyen, Dilng Thai Mai, Phan My, Nguydn Huy Miln, Iloimg Huu Nam, Triln Dinh Nam, Nguydn

NHu Dung, Le Hiru San, Nguydn Tuelng Tam, Pluim Tliidii, Diing Phiic Thdng,

Nguydn Dinh Thii, Hoang Di.u) Thuy, Bii VTnh Tliiiy, Hoimg Tfch Trf, Vd VAn VAn, Kha Viin CAn, Vil Dinh I le)e

Ngay 14-01-1946 116 Chf Minh ky SAc lenh sd 04/SL bo sung them 10

vj vao Uy ban nghien cuu kc lie)iich kien thiet Dd lii Dao Duy Anh, Le Dung, Iloim VAn Due, Diing VAn Hueuig, Trfin DAng Khoa, Dilng XuAn Khu, Nguyen

Tliicn Lan, Nguydn Ciio Luycn, Bui Cdng IVirng, Nghiem XuAn Yenu

Thiinh hip Uy ban nghien ciki kc hoiich kie'n thicl dill nirck true thuoc Chfnii phii la mc)l dui truong diing dAn siing tiio ciia Diing la diing diiu la ciui tich Ho Chf Minh nd nlulm dc)ng vien vii liio co sd phiip ly dc ciic trf lluic nhAn

sy yeu nude phiit huy trf tuc tiii nang cila minh viio cdng cudc khiing chicn kie'n qudc

Ngiiy 24-9-l9'16 Chfnh plui ra Si'ic lenh sd 188/SL hip nu)l Uy ban lien b() Uy ban nay cd nhiem vu nghien cuu, giiii ciuyCl nhung vAii dd lien eiiiiin dcii nliidu Bd Uy ban nay luliii true tie'p dudi c]iiydn dicu luinh ciia Qui tjch

nude

Cling vdl viec ihAnh lAp cac Uy ban true thude Chfnh plui, Nlui nude da

ban hilnh ciie Siic lenh, Nghi djnh vd td chuc cac co quan bd

Ngay 28-08-1945, cilng ven sir ra ddi cila Chfnh plui him Ihdi, Be) Noi vu chfnh thuc diivc td dure Bo Nc)i vii cd chuc nAng, nhiem vu, c|iiycn lum ihee) ddi vice thuc hicn difiih s;ich id chik ciia Chfnii plui ve id dure bo nuiy lir trung uctng deii dja phuong, id chuc chfnh eiuydn, Ihuc hicn chfnii siich ciin bd cila Chfnh plui lir trung ucuig den dja phuong, hudng dfin heo ddi bien die ciia Chfnh phii

Ngiiy 30-08-1945, cAn cii vao Tuyen cao ngiiy 28-8-1945 vd vice Ihiinh lAp Chfnh phii lAin Ihdi Vict Nam dAn chii cdng hoa, ihay miii dui lich Chfnh phu lAm thdi, Bd Irudng Bd Ndi vu Vd Nguyen Giiip da ky Siic lenh eu dng Hoimg Minh Giiim lam Ddng ly VAn phdng Bd Ndi vu

Ngiiy 02-10-1945, Chfnh phil ra Nghj djnh to chuc Be) Kinh \e Qud'c

dan

Theo Nghj dinh Be) Kinh lc Qudc dAn cd chuc nAng vii nhiem vu quiin

ly, td chuc ndn kinh te toiin l^d diYt nuck plui hgp vdi khuynh hudng chfnh Iri xa

hoi ciia Chfnii phii

Vc id chile Bo Kinh tc qudc dAn gdm: Van phdng, cac phdng Suii vu, ciic Nha vii ScV ihdng kc

D^u nAm 1946, xdt trong chuong trinh kidn thicl qud'c gia va tinh hinh mdi cila dAl nuek, Bd Kinh tc Qud'c dAn due;c td dure hii dd Ihdlig nluil chi huy cac cc:r qium kinh te' trong cii nude

Can cu viio Nghj dinh ngay 02-10-1945, sau khi due;c llie)ii thiiAii ciia lle)i ddng Chfnh plui, ngay 01-04-1946 Be) Kinh tc qud'c dAn da ra Nghj djnh quy dinh td dure liii Be) Kinh lc llico Nghj dinh mdi, bd se cd cac ce^ quiin sau dAy: Van phdng, cac Ty, cac phdng Sir vu, ciic Nha, cac co quan kinh le

Ngiiy 01-12-1945, cAn cu viio Nghj Quyet cila Hoi ddng Chfnh phii 11-1945) vil theo dd nghj ciia Be) trirdng Be) Canh ndng, Chii ljch Chfnh phu

(14-lAm thdi da ky SAc lenh so 69/SL: Siip nhap ciic ca quan Canh ndng, thii y, muc

sue, ngu nghiep, him chfnh, ndng nghiep tfn dung (hc;p lae xa va ndng phd ngAn himg), trong loiln cdi Viet Nam viio Bo Canh ndng va td chuc cae co quan nay theo Nghi djnh ciia Be) Canh ndng

Vd id cluk Bd Canh ndng gdm n!ul*ng co quan VAn phdng, ciic phdng sir Vll Vll Clie N h a

Trong qiiii trinh id chuc be) nuiy cac co quan bd, mot vitn dd dat ra can pluii cd sir thdng nluil chung vd mat co cii'u vira diim biio ifnh hieu quit vira diim biio mdi quan he giilu c;ic co quan chuyen mdn trong bt) miiy cua Chfnii plui

Trude linh hinh nhu vay, ngiiy 03-5-1946 Chil lich Hd Chf Minh da ky SAc lenh sd 57/SL ve id chik ciic bd trong Chfnh phu Theo Siic lenh nay, trong mdi Bo cua Chfnh phu sc cd me)l Van phdng, ciic Nha, cd the cd co e]uan Thanh Ira va mot Ban ed van ne'u thil'y can thiet Nluin vien Van phdng la ngudi true liep giiip Be) trudng hay Tlur trucuig vd cac nhiem vu chfnh trj Mc)i quyet dinh ve bd nhiem nliAn vien dcu de) Be) sd tai phu trach

Tren CO sd Siic lenh 57/SL, co eil'u id chiic ciic Bd duc^fc chil'n chinh mot budc ChAng han, iheo Sfic lenh sd 75/SL ngay 29-5-1946, Bd Tai chfnh due;c

id chuc nhu sau: Van phdng, cae phdng Sir vu, ciic Nlui, ciic co quan phu thude, Thanh tra tai chfnh va Biin cd vAii chuyen mdn, VAn phdng dat dueii quyen didu khien ciia dng Ddng Ly vAn phdng VAn phdng cd nhicm vii qiuin

ly cac cdng Uic thude luinh chfnh, chilili trj va tai chfnh Cac phdng su vu cd 7 phdng: phdng 1: Phu inich cdng vAn thudng, thu vien, nliAn vien va dung eu; phdng 2 : Quiin ly ngAn siich ; phdng 3: Phu iriich ketoiin ; phdng 4; Phu trach cdng Uic le che', ngAn khd, cdng tiii va ngan hang; phdng 5 ; Phu Inich cdng liic lucJug bdng vil huu l:)dng; phdng 6: Phu inich thuc' khoa vii ciic ngudn lt;i Uk qudc gia; phdng 7: Phu trach cdng tiic phiip che', td linig

Cac Nha trong bd gdm: Nha thuc' quan, thue' gian thu; Nha irudc bii cdng siin vii didn thd; Nha thue iruc thu; Nha NgAn klui; Nha Huu bdng

Clie Nlui iiiiin dudi quydn quiin ly trirc tiep ciiii dng Be) trucing Co quan true thuoc Bo gdm: Sd diic ticn, Co quan an loilt Nha Ihanh tra Tai chfnh

Nhu viiy bd miiy chfnii cjuydn Trung uang duae kicn toim cung cd', thuc

sir phat buy vai Ird trong cudc dil'u tranh chdng thil trong giiic ngoiii va id cluk ddi sdng nliAn dAn Su kicn toim lirng budc bd nuiy chfnh quydn trung uong da lao didu kicn de Diing vii nliAn dAn ta nhanh chdng ciing cd chfnh quyen ciic cap dja phuong

2 Xay d u n g , cilng cd bo nuiy chinh (|iiycii dja pluremg

a, Nhung quan diem chi dgo chung

Di ddi vdi vitic ciing cd bd miiy chfnh quydn Trung uong, dudi sir lanh diU) ciia Diing diing ckui hi Qui tich Hd Chf Minh da nhiinh chdng hiit tiiy viio xAy dung, ciing cd he tluing chfnh quydn ciicli miing d dja phuong

Dc dinh hirdng cho cdng Uic xAy dung chfnh ciuyen ciic citp e'V djii phuong, Hd CHi Minh da cd nhicu biii viet de cap den vai trd, chuc nAng ciia cdc cA'p chfnh quyen, lieu chuan cila ngirdi can be) co sd, phuong pluip va hudng id chile xay dirng chfnh quyen dja phuong

Trude hei, de xAy dung chfnh quydn dja phuong vd null id cluk, NgiicYi viet "Uy ban nhAn dAn (king, huyen, tinh, thimh phd) la hinh llurc chfnh phii dja phuong Sau khi khdi nghla Ihiing Ic^i, loiin Uie nhan dAn Viet Nam (trir bon Vict gian bi ludc cdng quydn) til 18 tudi Ird len khdng pluln biet trai gai, giau

ngheo, Viet minh hay ngoiii Vict minh, ai cung cd quydn ilng eu hay bfiu cu

vho Ciic uy b;in niiy" ^'\ "Pluii lUii chon Irong nhung ngudi cd cdng lAm, trung

llulnh, sell siing vdi quydn lc;i ciia dAn chung, cd nAng lire lam vice, due;c ddng diio dAn hlng tfn nhicm Khdng the iiliey tidn liii hay mdl the' lire niio khac ma

cliui lot vilo cac uy ban dd'\ *^'

Hd Chf Minh djnh rd tieu chuiln ciia ngueu ciin bo nhii nude d dia phuong - Dd la nhung ngucu cd due cd tiii, chf cdng vd tu, biel lo cho dAn vii due;c dAn Ifn nhiem Cac uy ban nhAn dAn dja phucmg phiii giin gCii vdi nluin dAn, liing nghe y kicn nguyen vong cila ddng biio, la nlui nuck each mang eV cliii phuenig, ihay mat Chfnh plui trung uc^ng clulm lo ddi sdng nluin dAn, ddng vien nhAn dAn hAng hai tham gia khang chieii kien qudc

VI vAy, Ljuyct khdng the de cae llulnh phfin khdng dii nAng luc vii pham chAl dung the' lire, tidn lai ngdi vao ghe uy ban de liim quan each mang len mat vdi nhan dAn

Trude each luiing Thiing 8, nlui nude thuc dAn phong kien tir trung ireyng ldi djii phuong kl me)t nlui nude bdc lot ap buc, nd nudi duong vii biio Ire; eho be;n nhAn vien nha nuck hii hiep va cudp bdc nhAn dAn Ngay khi ciich mang thiinh cdng, song song vdi cdng viec diip lan bo miiy nha nuck d trung uong Ihl

d dja phuong tu cap xa, huyen, den tinh dudi su lanh d'do ciia Dimg, nhan dAn

ta da lat dd bd rnay cai trj dd, lap nen uy ban nhAn dAn cae cap did dien quydn lejfi ciia nliAn lao ddng, 1 Id Chf Minh da ndi rd su ddi lAp vd biin chat giua chfnii quydn ciich mang d dia phuc^fng vdi bo may cai trj ciic cil'p cua che do Ihuc dan phong kie'n truck tlay: "Uy ban nluin elan hlng Inii vdi Ciic he)i ddng kl muc cu

( l ) { 2 ) I U S C l i i M m h U M i i k i p - r-4 - N x h C l Q C i - 1 1 2 0 0 0 - l i 1 3 2 2

Ihdi nai, sc liim nhung vice cd le;i cho dAn, khdng plu.im vao cdng ly vae^ lir do ciia dAn chung Nd het silc tninh nhiing cuoc bAt bd, diinh dap doe doan, nhung cuoc ljch thu till sim khdng he;p ly Uy ban nhan dAn than trong bet sue trong chd chi diing cdng quy, khdng dam tuy y lieu tidn viio cac viee xa phi nlur an udng Nhung nhAn vien uy ban sc khdng le;i dung danh nghla liy ban dc gAy be Iim Ciinh, dua nguen trong nlui, trong he; vao lam vice vdi minh Ndi ldm h.ii, bao nhieu nhung cai thdi nat bill cdng ap hue ciia che de) cu, eiiii ciii he)i dong

kl muc Irudc dAy sc khdng the tdn tiii trong cae uy ban nluin dAn bAy gicY'.^'*

Hicu rd hoiin ciinh thuc te dill nuek vira thoat khdi iich thuc dAn phong kicn, Irlnh do dan trf Uul'p, luin die nhidu trong vice llurc hien cjuydn dAn eliii,

Ho Chf Minh da ed nhidu huan thi, bdi dirdng giiio due can bo dja phuong, neu len nhung nguyen liic id chik, hoiit de)ng ciia chfnh quydn ciic cil'p

Trong bai "Thieu cic td cluk - mdl kliuyel dicm ldn trong ciic uy ban nhAn dAn" Hd Chf Minh neu rd mdt lum die cila chfnh quyen cac cii'p kl ldi lam viec thieu td chuc, thieu ke hoach, "mot khuyct dicm ldn cho pluln

ddng uy ban nluin dAn lii benh \dn xdn, thieu td chile"

Dd khtlc phuc tinh trang dd, theo Ngudi: "Can bd lAm viec chain chi dura dii,

crfn pluii biel liim vice cd phuttng phAp, phiii ciin va pluii Ciiii nuir\ *"^

Ngudi viel vi ihicu phucmg pluip id chuc nen "Trong uy ban nhidu khi cd ngirdi nil rdi rai, cii iigay chi cluiy ra cluiy viio cho cd chuyen, Cd ngudi hii bii diiu rdi dc vl me)l minh pluii kiem may vice" Cdng liic id chuc khdng klko:

"Nguiyi ndi gidi hii cho vao vice ciin klico cliAn lay, ngirdi viet gidi lai cho lam viee ve lao dong".^"^* Nhu vijiy thi khdng the thanh cdng due;e va nguy hirii hon,

nd lam eho linh Iriing thieu can be) them liTim trong

Hd Chf Minh cung phe pluin miinh me Ifnh y lai, thu dc)ng cdng Uic ciia cac Cii'p chfnh quyen djii phueyng NgUeu iiluiii miinh: "Cac nhAn vien Irong uy ban ren cho minh cd me)t linh lluui ciui de)ng manh me, nhung pluii bd ifnh ciii

gl cfing lu ticn" ^"^^ va "nuit)n cho dAn yeu, mudn dut^c long dAn, vice gl cd le;i cho dAn phai het siic him, vice gl cd hai cho dan phiii het sue tninh",'''^

ll.2 1,4,.'i)llOChiMiMhlu:.nl p- 14- Nxh CIQei • 112000 - Tr 2 3 3 9 4 1 1 7

Ngiiy 10 va 12 Ihiing 9 nam 1945, hc)i nghi can be) Biic ky cila Diing Cdng siin Ddng Duong da he;p dc ban vc cdng Uic chfnh quyen, Nghj quycl lic)i nghi neu rd :" Huy dt)ng ciic hiing nhAn tiii vii chfnh trj pham ra giiip viec CAp

id chile cac UBND cac lang ciic phd phuong phiip ciing cd va chan chinh liii phiii md rong uy ban cho ciic hlng Idp nhAn dAn ngoai td chik Viet Minh tham gia Chfnh quydn la cua toiin the nluin dAn chir khdng pluii lii cua doiin the Viet minh Tay tril nhSng bon phan de)ng Uong Uy ban, ciin hl'y ngay nhung ngudi dirng diin va cd Ifn nhieni dua vao bai trir nhung dug quan each miing, id clulc UBND lir 5 den 7 ngudi, nhung be) nuiy quan he vdi minh Ci1n phiii nAm giu Ddi vdi ldng ly va quan cai trj cil, ne'u lic) khdng phiii la pluin ddng thi nen

dira vao hoAc liim cd vil'n cho ciic tieu ban nhu Cuu te' de triet de \gi dung het nhCrng nang luc cila lu; vii dd Iranh sir chia re UBND linh phiii lien liic null

thie't vdi Clie cdng sd de cho bo nuiy hanh chfnh an khdp va cluiy ddu Md ciic Idp huiiii hiyCn each Id cliiic UBND d lang vA d huyen".*"

Nhu vAy, biing nhung nghi quyet ciia Diing va eae bin viet ciia chii ljch

Hd Chf Minh da cd nhung djnh hudng ngay itr dilu cho qua Irlnh xAy dung cung cd, kien loan chfnh quydn dia phuong

b Sac lenh sd63ISL vd viec xdy dungy cung cd chinh quyen dia phuo'ng,

De he;yp thurc hoii bd may chfnh e]uyen, Chfnh phii lAin thdi each mang da ban hanh SAc lenh so 63/SL ngiiy 22d 1-1945 quy djnh vice id chuc Hoi ddng

nhAn dAn vii Uy ban himh chfnh eae cii'p a ndng ihdn Siic lenh ghi rd chuc

nAng, nhiem vu, mdi quan he ciia he thdng chfnh quydn dja phuong He thdng niiy bao gdm 4 cap lii ky, linh, huyen (plui, clulu) va xa

+ Hdi de)ng nhAn dAn dire;c coi lii ca ciuan quydn luc cao nhill ciia dja phuong vh do nluin dAn dja phuong biiu ni Hc)i dong nhan dan cd quydn quycl

dinh nhung van dd quiin Ireuig nhiil d dja phuong theo dudng ldi chfnh siich cilu Diing va Nha nirck\ IIe)i ddng nhAn dAn cd quydn bilu va bai mien cac thanh vien cila Uy ban hanh chfnh Tlieo vSAc lenh 63/SL, Hdi ddng nluin chin dU(;c id chik d cA'p linh wl xa Thanh pluin va sd lue;ng uy vien dire;c quy djnh : Cii'p tinh lir 20 de'n 30 ngirdi, cA'p xa lir 15 den 25 ngirdi, beuil ddng trong nhiem ky

2 nAnu Khi Hoi ddng nhAn dAn tinh, xa cd quycl djnh Inii vdi menh lenh cap

{I) VKO r s Nxb CIQG I I2(K)2 ii 7

lren Ihi cap lren cd quydn Ihu lieu Uy ban himh chfnh ky cd quydn ciinh ciio ll()i ddng nhAn dAn linh, Uy ban himh chfnh huyen ed quyen ciinh Ciio Hc)i ddng nhan dAn xa lleli ddng nhAn dAn linh, xa chi bj giiii uin khi cd quycl djnh ciia Chfnh plui vii Uy ban luinh chfnh liiili

+ Khi Hdi ddng nluin dan tinh bj giiii tan thi Uy ban hiinh chfnh ky chi djnh mot uy ban lam thdi 3 ngudi lam nhiem vu cua Hdi ddng nhAn dAn vii Uy

ban hanh chfnh tinh Ne'u cdn hon sau thiing mdi don ky Tong tuycui cu thi

Irong han 10 ngay, Uy ban ndi trfin sc trieu tilp cu tri bi1u hii Hdi ddng nliAn dAn Hc)i ddng nhAn dAn sc lam vice deii ky Tong tuyen cu

Khi hdi ddng nluin dAn xa lu giiii Uin thi Uy ban luinh chfnii tinh theo d6

nghj ciia Uy ban luluh chfnh huyen ciil djnh mot Uy ban gdm 5 ngirdi lam nhiem VLI ciia Hdi ddng nhAn xa Neu cdn 6 thang trd nen mdi dcii ky biiu cir ihi 10 ngay liy biin t;im thdi sc trieu tilp cu tri biiu h.ii Hdi ddng nhAn dAn Cdn neu dudi 6 tluing thi uy ban lam thdi ticp tue lam nhicm vu cho den ky bau cir

Nhung quy djnh lren dAy diim biio eho Ug'i ddng nhAn dAn thuc sir la co

quan quydn lire cao nhiil d dja phirong He)i ddng nluln dAn lii licng ndi lii diii dien eho quyen lc;i ctia nhAn dAn dia phuong Nhirng quy dinh dd diim biio tfnli dAn chii nhirng liii tiip trung, nd tninh due^^c nhung cAn benh chuyen quydn, doe doiin trong cjuii Irlnh td cluk bd miiy nha nuck d co sd

Uy ban hanh chfnii duetc quy djnh la co (]uan cluYp luinh ciia Hdi ddng nhAn dAn d ciic dja phuc^ng vciri chile nAng la mdl eo quan hanh chfnh va quiin

ly Silc lenh 63/SL ejiiy djnh Uy lum hanh chfnii dut;c td cluk d 4 ciYp Nhieni

vu chii yeu ciia cac Uy ban hanh chfnh lir can cil vilo nghj quycl, quycl dinh

ciia Cil'p tren va Hoi ddng nluln dAn cung cil'p de d6 ra ke' hoiicli pluil tricn kinh

le, van hoii d CiSc dja phucuig va lanh diio nhAn dAn thuc hicn So lue;ng uy vien trong Uy ban hanh chfnh: cil'p ky 7 uy vien, cil'p tinh va huyen 5 uy vien, cil'p xa

7 uy vien Co cii'u cd mot Qui tjch, mdt phd Chii ljch va mdt Thu ky Then hiin lam vice cila Uy biin luinh chfnh c;i'p ky hi 3 nAm, ciui cii'p tinh, huyen, xa la 2 nam Silc lenh quy djnh chat die mdi c]uan he giua Hdi ddng nhAn dan vii Uy

ban himh chfnh, giua ea c|Uiin himh chfnh ciip lren va c;i'p dudi Chimg luin,

didu thu 18 Siic lenh 63/SL ghi id " Neu mot phan ba sd hoi vien Hdi ddng nhAn dAn xa yeu can phiic quycl Uy ban himh chfnh xa ihl Uy ban himh chfnh

xa phiii trieu lAp ngiiy Hdi ddng nliAii ckin xa etc bd phieu tfn nhiem Neu qiui nira tdng sd hoi vien Hoi ddng nhAn dan xa bd phie'u khdng tfn nhicm Uy ban hiinh chfnh Ihi Uy biin hanh chfnh xa budc pluii ttr chuc " Didu thir 29 viel

"Ne'u Uy ban hanh chfnh xa khdng luAn lenh cA'p tren Ihl Uy ban hanh chfnh huyen yeu cfiu Hdi ddng nhAn dAn xa ean thiep Neu Hdi ddng nluln elan giiii quyel khdng xong ihl Uy ban hanh chfnh huyen cd the xin Uy ban hiinh chfnh tinh giai tan Uy ban hiinh chfnh xa "

Mdi quan he lren dAy giua He)i ddng nhAn dAn vii Uy ban himh chfnh,

giiJa cA'p tren va cap dudi da tang cudng sir giiim siit hin nhau giua ciic ca c]uan

quydn lire dia phucmg Mdi ciium he niiy khiing djnh tpiydn lire thuc te', dure

nang nhiem vu va vi Irf ciia hai ea ciuiin, tninh duge sir tilp trung t|iia nuic viio

mot ben cdn ben kia Ird ihanh hinh thirc

Thuc hicn Siic lenh 63/SL ngiiy 22-11-1945 ciia Chfnh phii, Hdi ddng nhAn dAn vii Uy ban luinh chfnh cac cap da k4n lire;t dirc;c bi1u chfnh thuc O Trung bd, trir ciic linh true ticp kluing chicn, Ull cii ciic tinh cdn hii dcu da cd Hdi de'Siig nluln dan vii Uy ban luinh chfnh chfnii thuc Tiii Niim Bd, do he^iin ciinh cliie'n Iranh bimg nc) sdm, sau mdt thdi gian pluln liin, Uy ban nhAn dAn

lAm thdi khiip iieti Ii1n hrgi dugc tap trung va hoiil ddng trd li^i Siic lenh 63/SL

ehua duoc thi hanh Hinh thuc Uy ban nhAn dAn viln cdn giu hii va ddi ra Uy ban khang chicn lAm thdi

Nhin chung, d nhiing noi nao cd didu kien, Ciic diing bd dja phuong da lanh diio nhAn dAn ticii hanh bi1u cir Hdi delng nluln dAn vii Uy biin himh chfnh cac cA'p mdt ciich thuc sir dAn ciui vii iheo diing quy djnh Siic lenh 63/SL ban hanh

Chang ban ngay 17-02-1946, nhan dan Ha Tinh nd nilc di biiu HDND tinh va IIDND xa Kel quii diit nil cao, 97% sd err tri Irong tinh tham giii bd phieu, 181 did bieu IIDND xa vii 28 dai bieu HDND linh dire;c nliAn dAn b;ui

ra Tronh lluing 3 va 4 nAm 1946, ciic HDND xa da he;)p dc luiu UBIIC xa,

tham gia biiu UBIIC huyen 6 tinh, lir ngay 16 den ngay 21-05-1946, HDND linh dil hop phien dilu licMi dc ban nlii7iig bicn phiip xAy dung chfnh quydn va

xAy dimg che do mdi I Idi nghj da biui ra UBHC linh gdm 5 ngucYi *"

(OUichsiVlXmy 1.6 II; I l i i h T l - 1930- I9.'i4 - Nxl) CIQCJ - H 1993 Tr 190

c Sac lenh sd 77/SL vd viec xdy dung chinh quyen tgi thdnh phd vd till xd

Tie'p Ihco SAc lenh 63/SL, ngiiy 21-12-1945 Chfnh phii lam lluti ra Silc lenh sd

77/SL quy djnh id chuc chfnh quydn nliAn dAn d thj xa va llulnh phd

Thi Xll luong duong xa, true thue)c tinh Mil Ndi, Hiii Phdng, Nam Djnh, Vinh - Ben Thuy, Hue, Da Ni'ing, Dii Liil vii Sai Gdn Clu; Ldn dire;c dat liim

llulnh phd' Thiinh phd I la Ne)i true licp dudi quydn Tnmg uang, che thanh phd

cdn liii true thuoc Ky

0 mdi llulnh phd' dill 3 11111 co quan: Hdi ddng nluin dAn llulnh phd, Uy ban hiinh chfnh thimh phd vii Uy ban hanh chfnh khu phd

+ Hdi ddng nhAn dAn Ihanh phd' do nluin dan llulnh phd bi1ii ra ihco Idl

phd thdng diiu phieu lii ea qium quydn lire ciia Ihimh plui' Uy ban luinh chfnh

thiinh phd do Hdi ddng nhAn dAn thanh phd' bi1u ni vira tluiy milt cho nhAn dAn thanh phd vira ihay milt cho Chfnh plui,

+ Uy ban hiinh chfnh khu phd do dan khu phd bilu ra theo ldi phd Ihdng driu phieu 111 cc^ quan vira ihay milt dAn khu phd vira dai dien cho Chfnh phfi

1 Trir Dii \A\{, ihl mdi llulnh phd' Hdi ddng nhAn dAn cd 20 uy vien difiili

thuc va 4 uy vien dir khuyct Rieng Ila Ndi va Sai Gdn - Che; Ldn cd 30 uy vien chfnh ihik va 6 uy vien du khuyct

+ Vd Uy ban hanh chfnh llulnh phd cd 3 uy vien chfnh lluic va 2 uy vien

du khuyct Rieng Ha Ndi, Sai Gdn - Che; Ldn cd 5 uy vien chfnh llurc va 3 uy vien du khuyel Ddi vdi khu phd Uy ban cd 3 uy vien chfnh thuc

+ Vd quydn lum va hoiil ddng ciui Hdi ddng nluln dAn, Uy ban luinh chfnh thiinh phd, khu phd duoc quy djnh ro rang Irong cac tiet thu 2, liet thu 3 cila Siic lenh Nhung quy djnh nay tiio ra mdl gudng nuiy hoat ddng dii numh ciia chfnh quydn d llulnh phd

Thue hien St\e lenh sd 77/SL, thang 05/1946 UBHC Hii Ndi da chia

llulnh phd ra 17 khu phd ndi llulnh va 5 khu phd iigoiii llulnh hi nhung dem vi hanh chfnh true tluK)c llulnh phd va do I !BHC thanh phd chi diio Trong 2 ngiiy

16 va 30-06-1946, nluin dAn Ihl Ne)i nd nik di biki UBHC cac Citp khu va xa Ngay 1 1-10-1946, Ha Ndi Ii1ii d;ki lien md did hdi cac cil'p chfnii cpiydn cac

ngimh chuyen mdn, diinh dii'u sir Irudng thanh vire;t bac ciia chfnh quydn llulnh phd<'^

Nhin cluing d Biic Be), den thiing 4/1946 phan ldn da biiu xong HDND

va UBHC cA'p xa, den lining 6/1946 nhieu HDND va UBHC linh da ban xong De'n thiing 11-1946, d Biic Be) irir mdt viii tinh cdn hilu hct da cd UBHC chfnh thu'c va trong sd 227 huyen, Ihi xa thi 128 huyen, thj xa cd UBHC chfnh thiic

O Trung Bd, iril cac linh true tiep chie'n dA'u cdn lift cii ddu cd UBIIC chfnii thu'c va trong sd 118 huyen ihl 73 huyen cd UBHC chfnh thuc, (J Nam Bo, vl chie'n tranh ac liet sau mdl thdi gian pliAn tan, ciie UBND him thdi mdi tu hop

va hoat ddng Ird lai Do dd, linh tliAn ciia SAc IcMih sd 63/SL dura thuc hien

due;c mil chi ddi hinh Ihik UBND lAm thdi sang Uy ban hanh chfnii lAm thdi

Rieng ddi vdi cap Bd (tik cap ky cu) de'n eudi nAm 1946 de chuan bj cho loan qudc khang chie'n, Chfnh phii quyel dinh giiii the UBHC Biic Bd, UBKC mien Nam Viet Nam, llulnh hip UBKC mien Nam Irung be), UBKC Nam B6

Che do id chuc chfnh quydn nhAn dAn cac cap d dja phucmg buck ditii da the hien due;c quydn dAn chii va Ifnh nluln dAn cua nd vSong do cdn mdi mc, do Irlnh do nhan link ciia nhAn dAn cd ban, lai trong lioiin ciinh het sue khd khAn nen qua trinh Ihuc hicn cdn cd nhiing sai Ifim khuyct dicm Danh giii tinh hinh chung vd HDND, Bd Ndi vu hic dd da neu rd : "Trong khoa I (1946) cudc viin ddng n1m rd vd hinh link nhirng thieu bd sAu Nhin cluing, qiuing diii quiin chiing nluln dAn chua cd y lliik vdi cudc biki cil, chua cd y thuc vd chfnh quydn mdi, cung cd noi vl lanh diio kem nen mot so hdi vien HDND xa la ky hao ly djch cu, mdt so HDND khdng khiic gl hoi ddng liutmg ly hay ky nujc cu (Thanh Hoa) Sau khi toim qud'c khang chicn c.lc hdi vien il'y khdng liim duoc nhicm vu, khdng duc;c nluln dAn tfn nhiem, nhidu lie)i ddng khdng ho;il ddng, trung uong chii trucmg bi1ii cir IIDND khoa 11".*^*

Neu nhu qiui irlnh xAy dirng va cimg cd chfnh eiiiycn trung irong llurc su

hi ciie)c dAli Inuili elan tdc, giiii cA'p giiy go pliik liip ihl vice cimg cd, xay dung chfnh quydn di;i phuo'ng ctlng khdng ke^m phrin gian khd, khd khAn Nhu'ng hiin die, khiein khuyct cilng la didu khdng tninh khdi Kc llul khdng lir mdl dui

(Dl.jchMVlViiiglH) l)('SVN'nMiih|)li.Mi:i NOi( 1926- 19.^4 ) Nxb 1 l.i NAi - 19K9.'li 226

(2)Clu'ing Ul x.ly ili.nig chinluiuyL^i Lui chu MliAiul.'m nlur iliO ii.'io ? - T l L T Q d ! - I'llNV - IIS 645

doan niio de lal dd chfnh quydn dAn chu nhAn dAn, phii hoiii thanh quii canh mang Song dudi sir lanh diio cua Diing vii Chii lich Hd Chf Minh, dua viio khdi doan kel toiin dAn, con thuydn ciich miing da vuot qua khd khan, chuan bj thuc luc budc vao cuoc khang chien sau nay

3 Ilien phap nirdc Viet Nam dan chii cong hoa 1946

Ngay khi giimh duc;c ddc hip, cilng vdi qiui trinh id cluk Tdng tuyeii cir Chfnh phu lAm Ihdi each miuig da nhanh chdng td cluk soiin tluio Hicn pluip va

coi dAy cung lii cudc vAn ddng chfnh trj hei si'rc re)ng Idn ciiii nluin chin B;iii du

tluio llieli pluip da duoc Hdi ddng Chfnh plui tluio hulii, bd sung v;l silii ddi

Ngay 31-10-1045, Hdi ddng Chfnh plui quyet djnh se cdng bd hen bao va in

giri di ciic hlng, xa de thu Ihap y kien ciia nluln dAn Bim du tluio Hieli pluip Viet Nam da chfnh thuc dAng tren bao Ciru qud'c ngiiy 10-11-1945 kem iheo thdng bao ciia Chfnh phiu Thdng biio cd neu rd: "Mudn cho till cii nhan dAn Viet nam du vilo vice lap Hicn phiip ciui nuek nha nen Chfnh phii cdng be) bim

du lin Hicn pluip niiy dd me;i ngudi dirc;c de)c ky cimg va dut;c lu do ban b;ic phe binh Uy ban du tluio Hicn phiip sc tap trung cac dd nghj sira ddi va y

kicli ciia nhAn dAn rdi irlnh Icn loiin qudc Dili hdi ban luan" *'*

Tai ky hc)p ihu nhAl ciia Qudc he)! kho^ I, Ban du ihiio Hicn phiip da duoc thanh lAp gdm 1 1 ngudi: Triin Duy Hung, Tdn Quang Phicl, Dd Due Due, Cil Huy CAn, Nguydn Dinh Thi, Huynh Bii Nhung, Tn1n TAn TIio, Nguydn Cao

I lach, DAo Huu Duc^ng, Pham Gia Dd, Nguydn Thj Tliuc Vien

Sau mdl thdi gian cluuin bi chu dao, t;ii ky hc)p llul II, Qud'c hdi da bieu c|iiyel thdng (.juii Ilieii pluip ciui nuck Vict Nam dAn ciui Cong hoii vdi 240 diii

bie\i liin llulnh uen ldng so 242 did bieu DAy lii ket quii lam vice nghiem Uic

ciia Dang va Nliii nude ta ngay tur nhiing ngay ditu gianh doc lap ; la ca quii trinh dilli Iranh khdng kluxm nliU(;ng vciri nhung tu tudng, qium dicni tii ngiit;c lai nguyen vc;ng ciia nluin dAn

HiCli pluip luliii 1946 ra ddi, danh diiu sir pluil trien ciia qua Irlnh xay dung chfnh quydn, the hicn sir hoan chinh mdl budc vd the che chfnh Iri d nude ta

( I ) Uiio Cmi i]u6c - ngay 10-1 I -1945

Vd chfnh the, Hien phap ghi rd "Nuek Vict Nam la mdl nude dAn chii

cdng hoil, lAl ci\ quydn bfnh trong nude la ciia toiin the nhAn dAn Vict Nam

khdng phAn biet ndi gic'fng, Iriii giii, giiiu ngheo, giai cil'[u ldn giiio" ( Dicu 1)

"DAl nude Viet Nam hi mdt khdi thdng nhA't Trung Niim Bile khdng the phAn chia" (Didu 2)

"Cd ciia iiirck Vict Nam dAn chii eong hoa ndn dd, giua cd sao vang lulm canh Qudc ca la bai Ticn quAn ca Tliii dd dill tai Ha Ndi " (Didu 3),

Ve td chile bo miiy nhii nude Hien pluip xae dinh rd 3 he cc:^ quan

Nghj vien nliAn dAn la cey cjuan quydn lire cao iiliAl ciui nuek Viet Nam

dAn chu cdng hoh (Didu 22) Nghi vien giai quyel moi vA'n dd chung cho toiin

ciud'c, diit ciic phiip huil, bieu epiyel ngAn sach, chuiin y cac Hiep ude ma Chfnh phii ky vdi nude ngoai (Didu 23) Nghi vien nhAn dAn do cdng dAn Viet Nam bilu ni, ba nAm biiu me)t li1ii (Didu 24) Nghj vien nhAn dan bfiu I Nghj trudng,

2 Phd nghj trudng, 12 Uy vien chfnh thu'c, 3 Uy vien du khuyet de thanh lAp Ban ihu'cmg vu

Nghi Irudng va Phd nghj irudng kieni chile Trirdng va Phd ban thudng

vu ( Didu 27)

Vd Chfnh phu, Hie'n pluip khiing dinh: Co quan hanh chfnh cao nluil ciia loan qude lii Chfnh phii nUck Vict Niim dan chil cdng hoii (Didu 43), Chfnh phii gdm cd Chii tjch nude, Phd Chii tjch nude va Ndi ciic Ndi ciic cd Thii tudng, cac Bo trudng, Tlur trudng va cd the cd phd Tlul luelng (Didu 44) Qui tjch nude Viet Nam dAn chil cdng hoii che;n trong Nghj vien nhAn dAn va phiii duetc hiii phiSn ba ldng nghj vien bd |-)hieu thuAn Qui ljch nude Vict Nam dirc;c briu trong thdi lu.m 5 nam va cd the due;c bAu liii ( Didu 45) Qui tjch nude che;n Tlui tudng trong Nghj vien va dua ra Nghj vien bieu quycl, Tlui ludng

clu)ii cac Be) trudng trong Nghj vien vh dira ra Nghj vitin bieu quyel toim the

danh siich (Didu 47)

Ddi vdi he ihdng Ix) nuiy nhii iiUtk ciY|-> dja phuong, chutyng V ciia ban Hicn pluip quy djnh rd he thdng id cluk gdm 3 be) ( Biic, Trung, Niiiu ) mdi bo chia llulnh linh, mdi tinh chia llulnh huyen, mdi huyen chia Ihanh xa O tmh, Ihiinh phd, thi xa va xa cd Hoi ddng nluln dAn do dfiu phieu phd thdng vii true

tiep b^u ra, Hcli de)ng nhAn dAn cil ra Uy ban hanh chfnh 0 be) va huyen chi ed

Uy ban hiinh chfnh Hdi dcMig nhAn dAn linh bfiu ra Uy ban himh chfnh ciip bd vil Hdi ddng nluln dAn cil'p xa bAu ra Uy ban himh chfnh ciip huyen, Hc)i ddng nhAn dAn quyel dinh nhung van dd thude dia phirong minh Nhu'ng quyet dinh nay khdng dirc;c trai vdi chi thi ciia cap uen Uy ban himh chfnh cd inich nhicm Ihi luinh menh lenh ciia cA'p lien vii ciic nghi quyel ciui Hdi ddng nluln dAn dja phuong minh sau khi due^c cA'p lren chuan y vii chi huy cdng vice luinh difiili trong dja phucmg

Hien phap cung quy dinh rd he co quan Tu phap gdm Toil iin tdi ciio, cac Toa an phuc thiim, cac Toil an de nhj cA'p va so cA'p (Didu 63) Cac tliii'm phan ddu do Chfnh phii true ticp bd nhiem Mot diem mdi la Hien pluip quy djnh " khi xir viec hinh pluii cd sir iham gia ciia cac phu lluim nhAn dAn (Didu 65) va cdng dAn thieu sd cd c]uydn diing tieng ndi ciui minh trude loa an (Didu 66) bj cao cd quydn tu bao chira hoac muem luat sir

Nhu vAy, nhung ndi dung tren dAy ciia Mien pluip, the hien sir xiic nhAn bang diio luAl ciia nha nude vd td chirc bd may chfnh quydn ciia Diing va Chfnh phii Ban Hien phap da pluin anh ban chill cua che'do ciia nha nude do dAn vl dAn ; diinh dA'u mdl qua Irlnh dA'u tranh xAy dung, ciing cd bd may chfnii quydn each mang Nhung quy djnh ciia Hicn pluip khdng chi cd y nghla trong nhi'rng nAm diiu ciia clie'de) celng hoa ma cdn la co sd phap ly cho qua tilnli id chirc be) may nhii nUck trong thdi ky khang chie'n

4, Xay dirng he thdng td cluic cac co quan chuyen chinh:

Trong he thdng id chile chfnh quydn nhii nude, ngoai co quan quydn lire, chuyen mdn cdn cd he ihd'ng co quan tu phap Sik miinh ciia chfnh quydn khdng chi the hicn d he thdng td cluk lir trung utmg den dia phuong ma cdn the hicn d mdi quan he giua he co quan lir phap, hip pluip va hanh phiip Hicu dire;c didu dd, ngay ngay ditu bill tay viio xay dung chfnh quyen Ciich mang, Diing, Nhil nude la da lieii luinh biiu cir Qud'c hdi, Hdi ddng nhAn dAn, cir ra Chfnii |-)lui, Uy ban lulnh chfnh Ciic cii'p va nhanh chdng xAy dung mdt he ihd'ng

td chuc Clie ca quan chuyen chfnh

+ Trong luini 1945, id chuc ciui Be) Tu pluip elue;c cjiiy dinh luing Nghi

djnh ngay 30-1 1-1945 do Bd lir pluip biin lulnh Nghj dinh nay thit ca sd thin

lien cho viec td chuc Bo Tu pluip llico Nghi djnh nay, Bd Tu pluip sc cd mdl

ViUl [>lK)ng vil cilu phuiiy Hit Vll Vun plidn^ dtlt tiifdi q u y e n dieu khien liUc licp

ciia dng DcMig ly Van phcuig vii Chanh van phdng, neu ciin se cd nhung Diic vu

uy vien

4- Van phdng cd nhicm vu giup dng Bo IrucVng trong cac cdng vice td cluk tu phap thuc hien cae phucyng chAm ciia Chfnh plui vii trdng nom till cii cac cdng vice trong ndi bd tliuc)e vd sir giao Ihicp giua cac co qium qudc gia va vcifi nude ngoai

Ciic phdng sir vu dfit dudi quydn didu khien ciui dng Ddng Ly van phdng gdm phdng nhAl, phdng nhi, phdng ba, phdng tu va phdng nam Trong cac phdng cd cac ban phu trach cdng vice lien quan den cdng tac tu phap

Viec xAy dung co cA'u id cluic be) may Tu pluip, cd sir tham gia ciia ciic nhAn sy nhidu kinh nghiem trong cdng tiic niiy, da diim biio cho eo quan tu

phap pluil huy duc;c viii trd ciia mliili sau nhung ngiiy gianh dgc liip NAm

1946, cung vdi nhu'ng thay ddi Icki vd td chuc chfnii quydn, Bd Tu phap ed nhung Ihay ddi co biin, the hien c|ua ciic Siie lenh eiia Chfnh phu quy djnh vd td chirc cac cc^ quan thude phiim vi nganh Dd la cac Siic lenh: sd 13/SL ngay 24-1-1946 td chuc ciic Toil an va cac ngach Tluun phan: Sfic lenh sd 51 ngay 17-4-

1946 Ail djnh Ihiilm quydn ciia cac Toa an Siic lenh 131 ngay 20-7-1946 id chik Cdng phiip Cdng an

-f Sau ciich miing Ihang Tiim ihilnh cdng, mot trong nhung nhiem vu cil'p bach cua chfnh quydn dAn chu nluln dAn la IrA'n ap be;n phiin ciich mang.Chfnh

vl vay, chi 10 ngay sau khi luyen bd ddc lap, Chii tich Chfnh phii lAm thdi da

ky SAc lenh ngiiy 13-9-19-15 llulnh lap ciie toa an quAn sir d Bile be), Trung be) Nam bo Sau me)l llieu gian lioiit ddng, ngiiy 14-02-1946, Chii tich Chfnh plui lAm tlielfi lai ban hiinh tiep Siic lenh sd 21/SL A'n djnh chfnh thilc A'n dinh id clulc

va hoal ck)iig ciia toa an quAn su CAn cir viio Silc lenh tren, cluk nang nhicm VII, quydn ban ciia loa an quAn su duoc quy djnh nhu sau:

-Toil an c|uAii su dire;c llulnh lap dc xe5t xir tat cii nlurng ngudi pluim viio

lc)i phuong hiji den ndn dc)c lAp eiia nude Viel Nam DAn ciui Celng hoa (trir nhirng pluim nluin hi binh sy) Sau nay, Chfnh plui ban himh Sac lenh sd 7/SL

(15-01-1946) bd sung thciu quydn ban ciia ciic toil an quan su la xc\ xir cii

nhirng viec bfit eck, tdng tien, iim siit

-Nhiing quye't nghj ciia toa an quAn su se thuc hien ngay, khdng ed quyen chdng iin, Irir IrucVng he;p pluim nluln bi kct iin lir hinh ihl ed quydn de

don len Chu tjch Chfnh phii de xin i^in giimu

- Toa an quan su duc;c lap d Ha Ndi, Hai Phdng, Tliiii Nguyen (BAe Bd) Vinh Hue, Quiing Ngai (Trung Bd) Sai Gdn, My Tlio (Nam Bo) Sau niiy, Chfnh phu lAp them toa an d Nha Trang vii Phan Thiet

Trong nhung nAm dfiu ciia each mang vii khang chien chdng Phap, cac loa an quAn sir do ciin bd ciich miring phu iriich da tril'n lip kjp thdi be;n phiin dc)ng tay sai ciia ihuc dAn dcqiidc

Lue dau, viee xet xir nhiing viec binh Ihudng vd dAn sir dugc tam thdi giao cho cac Uy ban nhAn dAn phu trach Dc tirng budc thicl lap cac ea quan lu

phap, mot sd nguyen lAc co biin da due;c Chfnh phii dua ra biin biic, thiio luan nhidu h1n Irong ciic phien he;p ban vd tu phiip Sau khi thiio luan Biin du thiio Hien phiip dAu tien vii phe duyet SAc lenh sd 63/SL, (22-11-1945) vd ld cluk chfnh quydn Chfnh phii da thdng nhill cac nguyen tAc co biin vd id chile ciic eo quan tu phap nhu sau:

-Tlul nluil hi cac loa an pluii bitJl liip ddi vdi hanh chfnh va Ciic tlul'm phan se do Chfnh phii trung uong bd nhicm DAy lii mot nguyen tiic hcl sue qium trong vl nd da dill cof sd pluip ly cho hoiit ddng xe5l xir ciui cac toil an

Nguyen liic niiy duge the hicn nil rd trong cac quy djnh vd td dure vii hoiU

ddng cila ciic loa an nluin chin

-Thu hai lii td chik vii boat ddng ciia cae ea quiin lu phap phiii the hien

due;c ifnh nhAn dAn, tik la trong thanh phiin ciia ciic toil an phiii cd su iham giii ciia nhung ngirdi la did dicn ciia nhAn dAn (nhAn dAn tham gia viio hoiit ddng xet xir) Cac toa an phiii ihudng xuyen lien he mat thicl vdi nhAn dAn, phat huy silc nuinli va nhung ddng gdp ciia nluin dan trong vice didu Ira xe^t xir va ihi

lulnh iin, tang cubng so ciin bd lu pluip xuiit tluin tir uing lelp nluln dAn lao

dgng

Nguyen liic nay dir(;c Dimg va Nha nude ta coi la sir the hicn null tu tudng pluip ly mdi, kluic ce^ biin so vdi tu ludng pluip ly dudi ihdi thuc dan phong kiciu Truek dAy nluin dAn lao ddng khdng dui;c tham giii viio co ciium tu phiip, khdng duc;c gdp y kie'n va giam siit cac heuit ddng lu pluip ciui Nlui nutk

Cach mang thang Tiim thanh cdng da dua nhAn dAn lao ddng len vj trf ngirdi lam chil dal nude, vl the vice id chuc cac co quan tu pluip phiii the hien nguyen tile dAn chu nluln dAn

Thuc hien lu lucmg uen dAy, ngiiy 24-1-1946, Chfnh phu ra Siic lenh

sd 13/SL, llulnh lAp he llidlig loii an ihudng gdm cd: Toil liii Se^cA'p (cA'p huyen) loa an Dc nhj cA'p (cA'p tinh) va ba toa Tliuemg thfim (d Bfic Bd, Trung Be) va Nam Bd) Toil an So cap chi cd quydn xir vi cimh, cho nen khdng cd vien Cdng td, nhung d ciie toa iin De nhj cA'p thi cd vien cdng to Vien Cdng td d toil Thuc;ng tham goi la vien Chuong ly Ciic thiim phan cdng td va xeSt xir dire7c tuyen theo biing cap vd mat phap ly hoac trinh do chuyen mdn Do dd, nhidu trf tliik vien cluk cu dire;c bd nhicm liim lluim pluin loa an cac cA'p Mdt sd tdi nghiep trung hc)c due;c diio tao ve milt pluip ly de lam thiim pluin so citp

Trong vice xcl xir buck di1u da cd su thiim giii ciui phu thiim nluin dan, nhung CO cau ciia hoi ddng xet xir va vai trd ciui phu ihiim nhAn dAn cdn liiin che' vl khi xet xir vc tieu hinh, hdi ddng xcl xir cd mdt thiim pluin vii hai phu

thAm nhAn dAn, nhung phu tham nhAn dAn chi dugc hdi y kicn mil khdng cd

quydn quyel djnh

Khi xet xir vd diii hinh, phu thiim nhAn dan ed quydn quyel dinh cimg

vdi thiim phiin, nhirng hdi ddng xet xir gdm 3 tham phiin va 2 phu thiim nhAn

dAn Cac phu Ihilm nhAn chin chi dugc lluim gia nghj iin, cdn vd Ihii tuc id lung

Ihl hoan toan do thiim phiin quyet dinh He thdng toa an tir cap ky de'n cap xil chju su chi dao cua Bd Tu phap

Vd van de ciin bd trong ngiinh Tu phap, ngay 24-1-1946, Chfnh phii lAm thdi ban hiinh siic lenh sd 13, quy djnh vien chirc trong ngimh Tu phiip cd lluim phan so cA'p va thiim phan dc nhi cap Silc lenh cung quy djnh thii hiing ciia ngach thfim phiin: 7 himg(llii1n phiin de nhi ciip), 5 hiing (thilp-^ phan so cil'p)

De thi hanh cac Siic lenh Ircn dAy, Dimg va Chfnh phii da yeu cau Bo Tu phap bAt diiu cdng vice luycn nhAn vien theo hirdng vira thu n;ip nhirng cdng chuc cu vira luyen them nliilng nluln vien mdi Bd Tu pha]-) cung dd nghj Dimg

va Nhil nude cho plu3p llulnh lap hc)i ddng xem xcl hiinh kiem vii nang lire ciia ngudi xin vao ngiicli thiim pluin, Theo biio ciio ciui Bd Tu pluip, dc diip ung yeu ciiu tnrdc miit, nhung ngirdi niio da hoc qua hay tdt nghiep ciic irudng pluip ly hoac da lam lAu nam d cac toa iin, neu xcl thay cd kinh nghiem vii cd diu) due

phiJ hgp Ihi dirc;c luycn bd viio ngiich thAm phiin R i e n g lluim pluin set cap, Bd

Tu phdp se chu trong luyen nhirng thanh nien ed bAng trung hoc Do yeu ciiu cA'p b a c h luc dd, Diing vtl Nlui n u d e du cho phdp cd thd c h a m c h u d c mtll vai diem trong didu kien luyen chon ddi vdi nhung uy vien tu phiip cil hoac ciic

thiim phan la dAn tdc thieu so

Tuy vAy, Diing va Nhii nude cung ludn ludn nhilc nhd Bo Tu phiip phiii hei siic than trong, chfnh xitc trong viec tuydn bd nhAn vien

Nhd llurc hien nhung quy dinh tren dAy, chi sau mot thdi gian ngiin, theo sir chi diio ciia Irung uemg Be) Tu pluip da luycn dung liim dii so lire;yng ciin bd

tu phiip cdn thiel Theo bao cao cua Bd Tu phap trinh Chfnh phii, cho den truck ngily toiln qude kluing chicn

d BAc Bo cd I toa tliuc;ng Ihrlm vdi 10 ihiim pluin; 22 teki de nhj cil'p vdi

60 ihA'm pluin; 130 toil sa cA'p vdi 120 lliAln pluin

O Trung Bd cd 1 loa lhuc;ng thiim vdi 10 thiim phiin; 19 toa de nhi cil'p vdi 43 IhA'm phdn; 80 loa so cA'p vdi 80 Ihilm phan

Viec xAy dung kien toim td chile toil an cac Cil'p trong nhung nam driu ciui die do cdng hoa, da giup cho chfnh quydn each miing phat huy duoc vai trd, chuc nAng, tril'n ap kip thdi nhung hanh ddng chdng plui each mang ciia cac lire lirc;ng thii dich, giii vung dn dinh tinh hinh, mdt trong nhung didu kicn rat Clin thiel de "Khiing chie'n Kien qudc"

-h Ben Ciinh he thdng id chile co quan Tu phap, he thel'ng id chitc ciui co quan chuyen chfnh khac due;c xAy dung lAng cudng, dac biet lii lire lire;ng Cdng

an va QuAn doi, lire lucmg inrc tiep dc biio ve chfnh quydn

Ngily 21-2-1946 Chii tjch Hd Chf Minh ky Sfic lenh 23/SL thicl irip

"Viet Nam Cdng an vii" Viet Nam Cdng an vu dire;c thiel lap tir sir he;p nhill ciia Sd Ciinh sal va Sd Liciu phdng

Viet Nam Cdng an vu cd nhieiu vu llm hieu vii tap trung lin tuc, tai lieu lien quan de'n sir an ninh ciia qudc gia, dd nghj vii thi himh ciic phuong phiip eld phdng nhung lulnh eldng iinh liUtlng tlcii vice Iri iin v;l mAl lr:it lu Irong nude, biii ci'r lulnh ddng dd hi ngui>i Viel Nam luiy ngoiii qutl'c

Viet Nam Cdng an vu cd nhicm vu dieu !ni vd ciic hoiit ddng Inii phep ndi tren va Iruy tlm ngudi can pham de giiip toil an trong viec xcl xu

Vict Nam Cdng an vu dal dudi quydn didu khien true ticp ciia Bo trudng

Bp Noi vu Td chufc duc;c quy djnh chia lam 3 cap: Cdng an Viet Nam (Nha Cdng an Viel Niim), Cdng an ky (Sd Cdng an ky) va cdng an linh (Ty Cdng an

linh)

Ngay 22-03-1946, thay mill Diing, Chfnh phii Hd Chf Minh ky Si'ic lenh

sd 30/SL bd nhicm Ong Nguydn Duc^ng lam Giam ddc Vict Nam cdng an vu

- Luc lutmg Vll tnmg dU(;c Dimg va Chfnh plui di^ic biet quan lAm, coi dd

la cdng viee he trong cua dill nude Nha nude da tAp trung can bo va phirong lien cho viec lang cudng sik manh ciia quAii ddi

Dd chi diio cudc khang chieii kie'n qudc mdt each kjp thdi nhanh chdng, thiing 10/1945 Chfnh plui Ihanh liip cac chieii khu va bd nhiem khu Irudng, uy vien chfnh trj chie'n khu

Chie'n khu I gdm cac tinh Lao Cai, Ila Giang, Cao BAng, Lang Sem, Biic Can, BAc Giang, Biic Ninh, Thai Nguyen, Tuyen Quang, Yen Bai, Plui The;, VTnh Yen, Phiic Yen

Chie'n khu II gdm cac linh Lai CliAu, Scm La, Hoii Binh, Sc^n TAy, Ila Ddng, Ha N;im, N;im Djnh, Ninh Binh

Chie'n khu TII gdm cac linh Hung Yen, Hiii Ducmg, Tluii Binh, Kie'n An, Quiing Yen, Hai Ninh, Hiii Phdng

Chie'n khu IV gdm cac linh Tlumh Hoa, Nghc An, Ha Tinh, Quiing Binh, Quiing Til, Thira Tliien

Chie'n khu V gdm Ciic tinh Quiing Nam, Qiuing Ngfii, Binh Djnh, KonTum, Gia Lai

Chicn khu VI gdm c;ic linh Phii Yen, Kluinh Iloil, Ninh Thuiln, Binh ThuAn, Diic Liic, LAm Vien, Ddng Nai Thugng Ha Ne)i la chicn khu diic hict true- I1IIK)C trung uan[\ (Chicn klui XI)

Quyet djnh nay hin luett dirc;c thuc hicn d Biic Bd, Biic Trung Bd vii Nam Trung Bd

Ngiiy 22-3-1946 Chfnii phii da ban himh Siic lenh 33/SL quy djnh cap bile, quAn phuc, ciuAii hicu ciui be) de)i

Ngily 22-5-1946, Chfnh phii ra ticp Siic lenh 71/SL ii'n djnh quy hic id chile QuAn doi qudc gia Vict Nam Siic lenh da neu ra nhirng quy tAc vd td clulc, hicn che', qiiAn phong, ciuAn ky va nghi Id cjuAn ddi Siic lenh sd' 33/SL va 71/SL dal ndn lang diiu lien cho viec xAy dung quAn ddi chinh quy cua mdt

qudc gia doc lap Can cu viio Siic lenh sd' 71/SL ciic chi ddi Vc qudc doim Trung bo va BAc bo ciii td ihimh cac trung doiin va tieu dohn doc lap Ciic dja

phuong, ddng dao thanh nien ra nhAp quAn ddi Den cudl lulni 1946, tdng quAn

sd cd 82.000 ngudi, lAng 32.000 ngudi so vdi eudi nam 1945, loan qudc cd giin 1.000.000 tu ve va du kfch, khdng kc cdng an xung phong

Vice chi buy quAn dc)i tir khi cd Chfnii plui Lien hiep do Uy ban kluing chicn tculn qud'c phii Inich vSau khi Hiep djnh So bo ky kcl, ngiiy 06/5/1946 Chfnh phu ra Sac lenh sd 6(VSL ddi ten Uy ban khang chicn tcuin qudc thanh QuAn sir uy vien hdi vii quy djnh chuc nang nhicm vu ciia It") dure nay Silc lenh sd 34/SL ng^y 25-3-1946, quy djnh id chtlc Bd Qude phdng gdm cac cue: Che tao quAn nhu, che tao quAn khi, chfnh tri, qiiAn chfnh, qiuln hufin, quan phap

De tang cudng su lanh diio ciia Diing trong quAn ddi, Irung uong QuAn

uy da due;c thiinh hip, trong iheVi ky niiy Diing ta da didu them nhidu can bd ciia Diing vao quAn ddi va thiinh lAp ciic QuAn khu uy He thdng td chuc Dimg

trong quAn ddi due;^c thanh liip lir Irung uemg QuAn uy den ehe chi bd Vice phiit trien Diing vien mdi dugc ticn hanh tfch cue Den eudi nAm 1946, da cd

gi1n 8000 diing vien chfnii llurc va du bj Ty le lanh dao ciia Diing trong lire lugng vil trang dirc;c nAng len rd ret Che do chinh trj vien ciing dc)i irudng phu

trach dem vi dugc thuc hien trong loan quAn He thdng ea quan cdng lac chfnii

tri vien dugc xAy dimg d ciic cA'p

Viec dao tao can bo trong quAn doi cung dugc ticn hiinh gfip riit Tluing

3/1946, trung uemg Dimg md irudng QuAn chfnh Biic St^n Tluing 5/1946 Bd Qudc phdng khai giimg Tririmg Vd hi Tiiiii Qudc Tuaiu Thang 6/1916 Uy ban kluing chieii Midn Nam md Irucuig Liic quAn Trung hgc Quiing Ngai Cimg liic nay cac trung doiin cung id clulc cac Iruc^ng Quan chfnii bd Uic va dao tao can

bd trung ddi lieu ddi

Vice kicn loan id chuc lire lLrc;ng cdng an, quAn doi da ddng vai ird [o

ldn trong vice giu gin an ninh chfnh trj va irAl lir xa hdi, bao ve due;c chfnh