Applying career development theory to counseling 6e

Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling, 6e by Richard Sharf Power Point Slides COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Slide for Chapter DEFINITIONS Career – Individuals’ work and leisure that takes place over their life span Career Choice – Decisions made during one’s life about work or related activities Jobs – Positions requiring certain skills within an organization Occupations – Similar jobs found in many organizations COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Slide for Chapter CAREER AND PERSONAL COUNSELING Career counseling includes personal issues Personal counseling includes career issues  Goals may be explicit or implicit COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Slide for Chapter THEORY DEVELOPMENT Theories must be: Explicit about rules and terms Precise about predictions and limitations Tested through research Consistent and clear COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Slide for Chapter CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY To use career development theories, counselors should consider: Their client populations Their theory of personality and counseling The theory’s ease of use in counseling sessions COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Slide for Chapter A VIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE (DAWIS) Person Environment (Person - Environment Fit) COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Slide for Chapter CAREER COUNSELING SKILLS Helping skills Knowledge of tests Knowledge of occupational Information Knowledge of career development theory COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Slide for Chapter HELPING SKILLS USED IN CAREER COUNSELING Attending Continuation responses Questioning Giving information not opinion Restating Reinforcement Family background exploration Reflecting content Reflecting feelings COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Test and inventory interpretation Slide for Chapter CAREER COUNSELING SKILLS: KNOWLEDGE OF ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS Norms – Scores that are typical of a population – usually presented in percentiles Reliability – Dependable and consistent; scores taken on two forms of a test should be similar Validity – The test measures what it is supposed to measure COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Slide for Chapter TYPES OF VALIDITY Content – Do the items measure the content that they are supposed to measure Concurrent – Compare the measure to a specific criterion Predictive – Predicts a criterion in the future Construct – Scales should relate to terms or variables that are similar COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 10 Slide for Chapter 15 ASSUMPTIONS IN THE APPLICATION OF COGNITIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY TO CAREER DECISION-MAKING COUNSELING Both affect and cognitive processing are important To make career decisions individuals need information about self, world of work, and the thought process Information about self and work are continually changing By improving one’s information processing capabilities, problem-solving abilities are improved COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 147 Slide 10 for Chapter 15 PYRAMID OF INFORMATION PROCESSING DOMAINS IN CAREER DECISION-MAKING MetaCognitions Generic Information Processing Skills (CASVE) Self Knowledge Occupational Knowledge COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Executive Processing Domain Decision-Making Skills Domain Knowledge Domain 148 Slide 11 for Chapter 15 WHAT’S INVOLVED IN CAREER CHOICE Thinking About My Decision Making Knowing How I Make Decisions Knowing About Myself COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Knowing About My Options 149 Slide 12 for Chapter 15 CASVE SKILLS IN COGNITIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY Communication – Identifying a problem, input from self Analysis – Interrelating problem components – self and occupations Synthesis – Creating likely alternatives Valuing – Prioritizing alternatives Execution – Forming means - ends strategies COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 150 Slide 13 for Chapter 15 THE EXECUTIVE PROCESSING DOMAIN IN COGNITIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY Self-talk – Expectations of ourselves Self-awareness – Knowing what we are doing and why Monitoring and – Monitoring the CASVE Control process COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 151 Slide for Chapter 16 CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY Outline (Basic concepts) Strengths and Weaknesses COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 152 Slide for Chapter 16 LAPAN AND TURNER – AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY A contextually responsive career-counseling system Help clients develop self-efficacy beliefs to deal with barriers that affect outcome expectations and career goals (Chapter 14) Develop vocational identity (Chapter 8) Develop work-readiness skills Gottfredson’s theory of circumscription and compromise (Chapter 7) and trait and factor theory (Chapter 2) help students develop an understanding of themselves and work Crystallize valued vocational interests, Super (Chapters and 8) Help students to achieve academically and to value lifelong learning (Chapter 9) COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 153 Slide for Chapter 16 CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES FOR CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE Childhood Developmental Super Adolescence Developmental Gottfredson Trait and Factor Other Marcia Holland Constructivist Super Work Adjustment Social learning Social cognitive Spiritual Cognitive information processing COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 154 Slide for Chapter 16 CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES FOR ADULTHOOD Developmental Super Trait and Factor Holland Myers-Briggs Work Adjustment COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Other Constructivist Social learning Social cognitive Spiritual Cognitive information processing 155 Slide for Chapter 16 COMBINING THEORIES Types of theories and how well they can be combined with similar theories or different types of theories Decisionmaking Decision-making Developmental Trait and factor poor good good COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Developmental good possible good Trait and Factor good good good 156 Slide for Chapter 16 NON COUNSELING APPLICATIONS OF THEORIES Screening methods – Super, Holland, Myers-Briggs Paper and pencil methods – Holland Computer assisted guidance systems – Trait and factor, Holland Internet – Career information, career counseling organizations, education, occupations, job postings COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 157 Slide for Chapter 16 USING THEORIES IN GROUP CAREER COUNSELING Widely used Possible to be used Holland Krumboltz’s Social learning Constructivist Spiritual approaches Cognitive information processing Myers-Briggs Gottfredson Hopson and Adams Social cognitive Super Trait and factor Work adjustment COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 158 Slide for Chapter 16 THEORIES APPLIED TO PLACEMENT AND OUTPLACEMENT COUNSELING Holland or – Myers-Briggs – Use types to assess networking and job search style Hopson and Adams – Respond to career crises Super – Determine values of various roles – View job search strategies differently depending on life stages – Execution stage of the CASVE cycle Cognitive Information COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 159 Slide for Chapter 16 OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS Holland’s six types Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC) Occupational Information Network (O*NET) Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE) COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 160 Slide 10 for Chapter 16 THEORIES MOST CONCERNED WITH ISSUES RELATED TO WOMEN AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY Social cognitive career theory (women and culturally diverse populations) Gottfredson (women) Super’s life span theory (women and culturally diverse populations) COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 161 [...]... 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 25 Slide 5 for Chapter 3 SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON COUNSELING YOUTH What are attitudes toward work, toward employers and co-workers? Examine actual work demands What are expectations about work: money? to explore interests? advancement? What are advantages and disadvantages of part-time and full time work? COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth... Secondary (peripheral) Low skill, little training, low wages, high turnover, little advancement Difficult to move to primary sector COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 29 Slide 9 for Chapter 3 WOMEN AND DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE Similar unemployment rates to men, but move in and out of the work force more frequently than men Women’s jobs pay less than men’s... TRAIT AND FACTOR THEORY Step 1: Gaining self-understanding Step 2: Obtaining knowledge about the world of work Step 3: Integrating information about self (Step 1) and the world of work (Step 2) COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 16 Slide 2 for Chapter 2 GAINING SELF-UNDERSTANDING Step 1: Aptitudes Interests Scholastic Assessment Tests Kuder Career Search... Interest Inventory Differential Aptitude Tests California Occupational Preference Survey General Aptitude Test Battery Values Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Test Study of Values Super’s Work Values – revised Achievement Specific Occupations Personality California Psychological Inventory COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 16 Personality Factors 17 Slide... for Chapter 2 TRAIT AND FACTOR DIFFERENCES Gender Cultural Groups 1 Self Assessment Aptitudes (math) Interests (social, artistic, working with hands) Values Personality (Confidence) 2 Occupational Information (Bias) (Access) COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 21 Slide 1 for Chapter 3 NON PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON CAREER DEVELOPMENT Sociological –... customs and interactions of occupations and other institutions Economic – Studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services Examines unemployment and pay COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 22 Slide 2 for Chapter 3 INEQUITIES IN THE LABOR MARKET Youth (unemployment and underemployment) Status Attainment Theory (advantages due to. .. COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 23 Slide 3 for Chapter 3 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO AN INEQUITABLE LABOR MARKET Increased demand for lowpaying personal service occupations Great separation between executive and labor salaries Limited access to occupational information Rapid technological change COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company... Chapter 1 OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION Common Sources: Occupational Outlook Handbook Encyclopedia of Careers and Vocational Guidance Occtalk – Talk about occupations Psychtalk – Talk about self COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 11 Slide 11 for Chapter 1 CAREER COUNSELING SKILLS: KNOWLEDGE OF OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION Knowledge of work Knowledge of occupational... A division of Cengage Inc 27 Slide 7 for Chapter 3 HUMAN CAPITAL THEORY Invest in the individual’s abilities, interests, and values Education + Training + Work + Other = $ (Relocation, benefits) (Modified Human Capital Theory) Education + Training + Work + Other = Satisfaction (Relocation, benefits) Assumption: All have equal access to the labor market COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing... Slide 12 for Chapter 1 GOALS OF CAREER COUNSELING EXPLICIT – Counselor and client agree on goals Implicit – Assumptions about goals made by the counselor COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 13 Slide 13 for Chapter 1 TWO TYPES OF THEORIES Longitudinal Age Life Span Theories Relational Theories Cross sectional Trait and Factor Decision-Making COPYRIGHT © ... Chapter CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY To use career development theories, counselors should consider: Their client populations Their theory of personality and counseling The theory s ease of use in counseling. .. A division of Cengage Inc Slide for Chapter CAREER AND PERSONAL COUNSELING Career counseling includes personal issues Personal counseling includes career issues  Goals may be explicit... of Cengage Inc Slide for Chapter CAREER COUNSELING SKILLS Helping skills Knowledge of tests Knowledge of occupational Information Knowledge of career development theory COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth