Chapter 15 INFLUENCES ON CAREER DECISION-MAKING MODELS Cognitive Information Processing Theory (Prescriptive) Research on learning Research on decisionmaking Cognitive science developmental approach COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Spiritual approach (Descriptive) Religion Philosophy INDIVIDUALISTIC APPROACH TO DECISION-MAKING Personal reality – My sense of what is right for me Common reality – My sense of what is right for you and others COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc SUMMARY OF THE INDIVIDUALISTIC APPROACH Growth of decision-making skills Client-centered Deal with seemingly unrelated issues Humanistic and subjective COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc SPIRITUAL PERSPECTIVES ON CAREER-DECISION MAKING Religious perspectives Bloch and Richmond’s seven spiritual concepts Miller-Tiedeman’s Lifecareer Foundation COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc CHARACTERISTICS OF MILLER-TIEDEMAN’S LIFECAREER THEORY Each individual is his or her own theory maker Deep respect for the individual and the individual’s Life Process Theory Trust inner wisdom Flow with, rather than fight your career development COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc BLOCH AND RICHMOND’S SEVEN THEMES REFLECTING A SPIRITUAL APPROACH TO CAREER DECISION-MAKING Change – Balance – Energy – Community – Calling – Harmony – Unity – Internal or external Work, play, relationships Work, play, relationships, self Companionship, culture, cosmic One’s ideal work From work, meditation, stillness Connectedness with self, others, community, culture, universe COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc MILLER-TIEDEMAN’S APPROACH TO CAREER COUNSELING Clients have a career – Their life Clients are the best judge of what works for them Learn through assessing experience Tests and inventories should not interfere with career exploration Help clients set intentions without placing time restrictions on them Be enthusiastic about change COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc HANSEN’S SIX TASKS IN AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO CAREER PLANNING Finding work that needs doing in a changing global context Weaving our lives into a meaningful whole Connecting family and work Valuing pluralism and individuality Managing personal transitions and organizational change Exploring spirituality and life purpose COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc ASSUMPTIONS IN THE APPLICATION OF COGNITIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY TO CAREER DECISION-MAKING COUNSELING Both affect and cognitive processing are important To make career decisions individuals need information about self, world of work, and the thought process Information about self and work are continually changing By improving one’s information processing capabilities, problem-solving abilities are improved COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc PYRAMID OF INFORMATION PROCESSING DOMAINS IN CAREER DECISION-MAKING MetaCognitions Generic Information Processing Skills (CASVE) Self Knowledge Occupational Knowledge COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Executive Processing Domain Decision-Making Skills Domain Knowledge Domain 10 WHAT’S INVOLVED IN CAREER CHOICE Thinking About My Decision Making Knowing How I Make Decisions Knowing About Myself COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Knowing About My Options 11 CASVE SKILLS IN COGNITIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY Communication – Identifying a problem, input from self Analysis – Interrelating problem components – self and occupations Synthesis – Creating likely alternatives Valuing – Prioritizing alternatives Execution – Forming means - ends strategies COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 12 THE EXECUTIVE PROCESSING DOMAIN IN COGNITIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY Self-talk – Expectations of ourselves Self-awareness – Knowing what we are doing and why Monitoring and – Monitoring the CASVE Control process COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 13 Chapter 16 CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY Outline (Basic concepts) Strengths and Weaknesses COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 14 LAPAN AND TURNER – AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY A contextually responsive career-counseling system Help clients develop self-efficacy beliefs to deal with barriers that affect outcome expectations and career goals (Chapter 14) Develop vocational identity (Chapter 8) Develop work-readiness skills Gottfredson’s theory of circumscription and compromise (Chapter 7) and trait and factor theory (Chapter 2) help students develop an understanding of themselves and work Crystallize valued vocational interests, Super (Chapters and 8) Help students to achieve academically and to value lifelong learning (Chapter 9) COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 15 CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES FOR CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE Childhood Developmental Super Gottfredson Adolescence Developmental Marcia Super Trait and Factor Holland Work Adjustment COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Other Constructivist Social learning Social cognitive Spiritual Cognitive information processing 16 CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES FOR ADULTHOOD Developmental Trait and Factor Other Super Holland Constructivist Myers-Briggs Social learning Work Adjustment Social cognitive Spiritual Cognitive information processing COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 17 COMBINING THEORIES Types of theories and how well they can be combined with similar theories or different types of theories Decisionmaking Decision-making Developmental Trait and factor poor good good COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Developmental good possible good Trait and Factor good good good 18 NON COUNSELING APPLICATIONS OF THEORIES Screening methods – Super, Holland, Myers-Briggs Paper and pencil methods – Holland Computer assisted guidance systems – Trait and factor, Holland Internet – Career information, career counseling organizations, education, occupations, job postings COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 19 USING THEORIES IN GROUP CAREER COUNSELING Widely used Possible to be used Holland Krumboltz’s Social learning Constructivist Spiritual approaches Cognitive information processing Myers-Briggs Gottfredson Hopson and Adams Social cognitive Super Trait and factor Work adjustment COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 20 THEORIES APPLIED TO PLACEMENT AND OUTPLACEMENT COUNSELING Holland or – Myers-Briggs – Use types to assess networking and job search style Hopson and Adams – Respond to career crises Super – Determine values of various roles – View job search strategies differently depending on life stages – Execution stage of the CASVE cycle Cognitive Information COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 21 OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS Holland’s six types Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC) Occupational Information Network (O*NET) Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE) COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 22 THEORIES MOST CONCERNED WITH ISSUES RELATED TO WOMEN AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY Social cognitive career theory (women and culturally diverse populations) Gottfredson (women) Super’s life span theory (women and culturally diverse populations) COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 23 [...]... AND TURNER – AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY A contextually responsive career- counseling system 1 Help clients develop self-efficacy beliefs to deal with barriers that affect outcome expectations and career goals (Chapter 14) 2 Develop vocational identity (Chapter 8) 3 Develop work-readiness skills 4 Gottfredson’s theory of circumscription and compromise (Chapter 7) and trait and. .. and factor theory (Chapter 2) help students develop an understanding of themselves and work 5 Crystallize valued vocational interests, Super (Chapters 7 and 8) 6 Help students to achieve academically and to value lifelong learning (Chapter 9) COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 15 CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES FOR CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE Childhood Developmental... Holland, Myers-Briggs Paper and pencil methods – Holland Computer assisted guidance systems – Trait and factor, Holland Internet – Career information, career counseling organizations, education, occupations, job postings COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 19 USING THEORIES IN GROUP CAREER COUNSELING Widely used Possible to be used Holland Krumboltz’s Social... processing Myers-Briggs Gottfredson Hopson and Adams Social cognitive Super Trait and factor Work adjustment COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 20 THEORIES APPLIED TO PLACEMENT AND OUTPLACEMENT COUNSELING Holland or – Myers-Briggs – Use types to assess networking and job search style Hopson and Adams – Respond to career crises Super – Determine values of... PROCESSING DOMAIN IN COGNITIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY Self-talk – Expectations of ourselves Self-awareness – Knowing what we are doing and why Monitoring and – Monitoring the CASVE Control process COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 13 Chapter 16 CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY Outline (Basic concepts) Strengths and Weaknesses COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth... Super Gottfredson Adolescence Developmental Marcia Super Trait and Factor Holland Work Adjustment COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Other Constructivist Social learning Social cognitive Spiritual Cognitive information processing 16 CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES FOR ADULTHOOD Developmental Trait and Factor Other Super Holland Constructivist Myers-Briggs... theories and how well they can be combined with similar theories or different types of theories Decisionmaking Decision-making Developmental Trait and factor poor good good COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Developmental good possible good Trait and Factor good good good 18 NON COUNSELING APPLICATIONS OF THEORIES Screening methods – Super, Holland, Myers-Briggs... SYSTEMS Holland’s six types Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC) Occupational Information Network (O*NET) Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE) COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 22 THEORIES MOST CONCERNED WITH ISSUES RELATED TO WOMEN AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY Social cognitive career theory (women and culturally...WHAT’S INVOLVED IN CAREER CHOICE Thinking About My Decision Making Knowing How I Make Decisions Knowing About Myself COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc Knowing About My Options 11 CASVE SKILLS IN COGNITIVE INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY Communication – Identifying a problem, input from self Analysis – Interrelating problem components – self and occupations... Inc 22 THEORIES MOST CONCERNED WITH ISSUES RELATED TO WOMEN AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY Social cognitive career theory (women and culturally diverse populations) Gottfredson (women) Super’s life span theory (women and culturally diverse populations) COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc 23 ... goals (Chapter 14) Develop vocational identity (Chapter 8) Develop work-readiness skills Gottfredson’s theory of circumscription and compromise (Chapter 7) and trait and factor theory (Chapter. .. APPROACH TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY A contextually responsive career- counseling system Help clients develop self-efficacy beliefs to deal with barriers that affect outcome expectations and career. .. of Cengage Inc 15 CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES FOR CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE Childhood Developmental Super Gottfredson Adolescence Developmental Marcia Super Trait and Factor Holland Work Adjustment