Đầu tư và chuyển dịch cơ cấu đầu tư vùng kinh tế trọng điểm miền trung thời kỳ 2000 2010

TRVdNG DAI HOC KINH t£ QU6c DAN MAI TUNG LONG I I i I I I { DAU TU VA CHUYEN DICH CO C AU DAU TU | VUNG KINH TE TRONG DIEM MlfSN TRUNG THOl KY 2000-2010 LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH T$ • • HA NOl, NAM 2006 | TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN MAI TUNG LONG DAI HOC KTQD TRUNG TAM THONG TIN THU ViEN • DAU TU VA CHUYEN DICH CO CAU DAU TU VUNG KINH TE TRONG DIEM MIEN TRUNG THOl KY 2000-2010 CHUYEN NGANH: KINH TE DAU TU LU AN VAN THAC SY KINH TE Ngiroi hurcmg d^n khoa hoc: TS TUQUANG PHUONG DAI HOC KTQD TRUNG TtMK THONG TIN THuvIEN II HA NOI, NAM 2006 I 2200 Ldl CAM ON VA CAM DOAN Tac gia chan cam an TS Th Quang Phuong - Chu nhiem Bo mon Kinh te Dau tu da hudng din tac gia hoan luan van; cam on cac Giao sir, Tien sy, can bo, giao vien cua Bo mon Kinh te Dau tir, Vien Sau dai hoc (Phong Quan ly dao tao Dai hoc va sau Dai hoc), Phong Cong tac chfnh tri va Quan ly hoc vien, cac dong nghiep tai Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu, va gia dinh, ban be da giup tac gia hoan luan van Tac gia xin cam doan day la cong trinh nghien ciru doc lap cua tac gia Neu co sai sot, Tac gia xin chiu hoan toan trach nhiem Mai Tung Long MUC LUC Trang Danh muc bang, bieu Danh muc cac cong thurc Tom tat luan van Leri noi dau Chircmg 1-Ly luan ve dau tu va chuyen dich cor cau dau tu viing kinh te diem 1.1 Mot so ly thuyet ve viing va phat trien viing Viing va nguyen tac phan viing 1.1.1 1.1.1.1 Khai niemve Viing 1.1.1.2 Nguyen tac phan viing 1.1.2 Viing kinh te - xa hoi va viing kinh te diem 1.1.3 Cac moi lien he viing kinh te 1.2 Dau tu phat trien va chuyen dich co cau dau tu viing kinh te 1.2.1 Dau tit phat trien, ket qua va hieu qua dau tit phat trien vung 1.2.1.1 Ket qua dau titphat trien viing kinh te 1.2.1.2 Hieu qua dau titphat trien viing kinh te 1.2.2 Co cau dau tit phat trien viing kinh te 17 1.2.2.1 Khai niem co cau dau titphat trien viing kinh te 17 1.2.2.2 Noi dung co cau dau titphat trien viing 17 1.2.2.3 cocaii dau tit phat trien hop ly cua viing va viing kinh te , diem 1.2.2.4 Cac dqc tritng co ban cua co cau dau tit viing kinh te JLo 20 1.3 Cac nhan to anh hirong den dau tu va chuyen dich co cau dau tu viing kinh te 24 1.3.1 Quan diem cliien litoc, muc tieu phat trien kinh te - xd hoi cua ddt nito'c, viing vd co che, nang htc qudn ly moi giai doan nhat dinh 25 1.3.2 Nhan to thi tritong vd nhu can tieu dung (trong vd ngodi nitde) 26 1.3.3 Trinh phat trien cua lire lito'ng san xudt, khoa hoc cong nghe u/ 1.3.4 Vi tri dia kinh te, dieu kien ve cac nguon loi tic nhien 27 1.3.5 Phong tuc, tap qudn vd truyen thong dan toe 28 1.3.6 Yeu to nguon nhan lite 1.4 Tac dong cua dau tu va chuyen dich co cau dau tu 29 30 1.4.1 Tac dong cua dau tit vd chuyen dich co cau dau tit den tang tritong kinh te 1.4.2 Tac dong cua dau tit vd chuyen dich co cau dau tit den chuyen dich co cau kinh te 1.4.2.1 Chuyen dich co cau kinh tetheo nganh 31 1.4.2.2 Chuyen dich co cau kinh tetheo Idnh tho 33 Ket luan Chuong 35 Chuong 2-Thuc trang dau tu va chuyen dich co cau dau tu viing KTTD mien trung then ky 1995 - 2005 36 2.1 Tong quan ve Viing kinh te diem mien Trung 36 2.1.1 Nhitng thuan loi co ban cua Viing KTTD mien Trung qua trinli dau tit vd phat trien 2.1.1.1 Vi tri dia kinh te 36 2.1.1.2 Lao dong vd nguon nhan lite, gid tri nhan van 36 2.1.1.3 He thong giao thong dong bo 37 2.1.1.4 Sit quan tdm dau tit, ho tro ve co che chinh sack cua Dang vd N lid mtde 2.1.1.5 Tiem lite cua cac dia phitong ditoc tang citdng nhd sit phat trien nhitng ndm qua, sit nliqy ben sang tao vd chit dong cua 41 cac dia plutong Vung 2.1.1.6 Nhitng tlitii cd hoi nhap olio Vung KTTD mien Trung 2.1.2 Mot so kho khan dnh hitting den hoat dong dau tit va phdt 41 44 trien 2.2 Thue trang dau tu va chuyen dich co cau dau tu Vung kinh te 45 diem mien Trung 2.2.1 Tong quail ve dau tit ciia vung kinh te diem mien Trung 45 2.2.1.1 Quy mo va toe tang fritting von dau tit 45 2.2.1.2 Tang tritting von dau ttfcua cac nganh 47 2.2.2 Chuyen dich cot cau dau tit vung kinh te diem mien trung theo nganh kinh te 50 2.2.2.1 Dau titva chuyen dich cd cau dau titnong nghiep - edng nghiep - dich vu 50 2.2.2.2 Dau titva chuyen dich cd edit dau titndng nghiep va phi nong nghiep 54 2.2.2.3 Dau tit va chuyen dich cd cau dau tit san xuat vat chat va dich vu (phi san xuat vat chat) 55 2.2.3 Co cau dau tit va chuyen dich co cau dau tit vung kinh te diem mien Trung theo nguon von 57 2.2.3.1 Nguon von Nha nittic 59 2.2.3.2 Nguon von ciia doanh nghiep titnhan va dan cit 65 2.2.3.3 Nguon von dau ticnittic ngoai 66 2.2.3.4 Cdcau dau titphan theo nguon von ben va nguon 71 von ben ngoai 2.2.4 Chuyen dich cd cau dau tu vung kinh te diem mien trung theo dia ban dau tit 2.3 73 Tac dong cua chuyen dich co cau dau tu den tang trirong va phat trien kinh te - xa hoi vung kinh te diem mien Trung 75 2.3.1 Tac dong den tang trudng kinh te 75 2.3.1.1 Tac dong den toe tang trudng kinh te 75 2.3.1.2 Tac dong den mite tang trudng kinh te 77 2.3.1.3 Tac dong den hien dong cua he so ICOR 78 2.3.1.4 Tac dong den GDP hinh quan dau ngudi 79 2.3.2 Tac dong den chuyen dich co cau kinh te 2.3.2.1 Tac dong den chuyen dich co cau kinh te theo nganh, 80 oil linh vuc 2.3.2.2 Tac dong den chuyen dich co cau kinh tetheo lanh tho 2.3.2.3 Tac dong den chuyen dich co cau kinh te theo 83 84 phan kinh te 2.3.3 Tac dong den thu ngan sach Nhd nude 85 2.3.4 Tac dong den chuyen dich co' cau lao dong 87 Ket luan Chuang Chuang 3-Dinh hudng dau tu phat trien, chuyen dich co cau dau tu va phat trien kinh te - xa hoi viing kinh te diem mien Trung, mot so de xuat ve giai phap 3.1 Mot so dinh huemg phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Viing kinh te diem mien Trung 3.1.1 Quan diem va muc tieu phat trien 3.1.2 Chuyen dich co cau kinh te 3.2 Mot so giai phap 93 3.2.1 Thue liien rd soat dieu chinh quy hoach de hoan thien dinh hudng phat trien chung cua Viing 93 3.2.2 Xac dinh cac trung tarn chitc nang Ion cua Viing va tliuc hien dau tu mot so cong trinh co tinh dot pha 3.2.3 Day manh dau tu cac khu kinh te lam hat nhan cho tang trudng va chuyen dich co cau kinh te 3.2.4 Thue hien xiic tien dau tu manh me nham thu hut ccic nguon von dau tu tit dan cu va dau tu nude ngoai 3.2.5 Dinh hitofng dau tu cac nguon von phat trien 101 3.2.6 Cac gidi phdp de huy dong von 102 3.2.7 Tang cud'ng cong tac qudn ly Nha nude vd dau tu 105 3.2.8 Dau tu phat trien nguon nhan lu'c 106 3.2.9 Day manh xdy dung cor che chinh sach phat tried doanh 109 nghiep 3.2.10 Khuyed khich dau tu hoan thien he thong ket cau hq 110 tang 3.2.11 phat trien Gidi phdp phat tried khoa hoc cong nghe phuc vu Ket luan Chuang 114 116 Ket luan va mot so goi mo nghien curu 117 Tai lieu tham khao 119 Phu luc 121 DANH MUC BANG BIEU Trang Bang 2.1 TOng dau tu toan xa hoi ca nude va cac vung kinh te 46 diem giai doan 2000 - 2005 Bang 2.2 Mot so chi tieu ve ty von dau tu cua Vung kinh te diem mien Trung Bang 2.3 Phan tram (%) dong gop tang trudng dau tu cac nganh vao tang truong von dau tu giai doan 1995 - 2005 4& Bang 2.4: Dau tu va GDP vung KTTD mien Trung giai doan 1995 2005 49 Bang 2.5 Mot so chi tieu ve dau tu phat trien vung KTTD mi£n Trung giai doan 1995 - 2005 theo nganh kinh te 52 Bang 2.6 Co cau dau tu Vung KTTD mien Trung giai doan 19952005 phan theo khoi kinh te nong nghiep va phi nong nghiep 55 Bang 2.7 Co cau dau tu Vung KTTD mien Trung giai doan 19952005 phan theo khoi san xuat vat chat va san xuat dich vu 56 Bang 2.8 Co cau ddu tu theo nguon von giai doan 2000-2005 58 Bang 2.9 Von dau tu Nha nude vung KTTD miSn Trung giai doan 2001 - 2005 63 Bang 2.10 Tong vo'n dau tu khu vuc tu nhan giai doan 2000-2005 65 Bang 2.11 Von FDI thuc hien giai doan 2000 - 2005 68 Bang 2.12 Co cau nguon von dau tu theo tieu chi ben - ben ngoai Vung kinh te diem mi6n Trung giai doan 2000 - 2005 72 Bang 2.13 Dau tu toan xa hoi phan theo dia phuong giai doan 2000 - 2005 - 74 Bang 2.14 Toe tang trudng kinh te ca nude va cac Viing KTTD 1996-2005 76 Bang 2.15 Co cau kinh te ca nude va cac viing kinh te diem 82 Bang 2.16 Co cau kinh te theo lanh tho giai doan 2000 - 2005 84 Bang 2.17 Tinh hinh thu ngan sach Nha nude Viing kinh te diem midn Trung giai doan 2000 - 2005 86 Bang 2.18 Co cau lao dong viing KTTD midn Trung va ca nude giai doan 1995 - 2005 theo nganh kinh te 88 118 3) Thong qua nghien chu ly thuyet vh dau tu-, Tac gia dua mot so chi tieu dung de tinh hieu qua dau tu cua nhn kinh te song chac chan chua day du, chn duqc nghien chu them; 4) Tac gia co phan tich co cau dau tu cua Vung theo co chu nganh nong nghiep va phi nong nghiep; co cau theo nganh dich vu va phi dich vu Tuy nhien, vhn chua dua duqc ty le hqp ly cua co cau Tac gia chan cam on cac Giao su, Tien sy, can bo, giao vien cua Bo mon Kinh te Dau tu, Phong Quan ly dao tao Dai hoc va sau Dai hoc, Phong Cong tac chinh tri va Quan ly hoc vien; cac dong nghiep tai Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu va gia dinh, ban be da giup tac gia hoan luan van I 19 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Adam Smith (1997), Czrtz cai ciia cac dan toc, Nxb Giao due, Ha Noi Bo mon Kinh te Dau tu' (2001), Mot so luan cu khoa hoc chuyen dich ca cdu dau tu", De tai nghien ciru khoa hoc cap Bo, Ha Noi Chinh Phu (2000) Bao cao danh gid thutc hien ke hoach nam 2000 vd ke hoach phdt trien kinh te-xa hoi nam 2001, Ha Noi Chinh Phu (2001), Bdo cao danh gid thuc hien ke hoach nam 2001 vd ke hoach phdt trien kinh te-xa hoi nam 2002, Ha Noi Chinh Phu (2001), Bdo cao ke hoach phdt trien kinh te - xa hoi nam 2001-2005, Ha Noi Chinh Phu (2002), Bdo cao danh gid thuc hien ke hoach nam 2002 vd ke hoach phdt trien kinh te-xa hoi nam 2003, Ha Noi Chinh Phu (2003), Bdo cao danh gid thuc hien ke hoach nam 2003 vd ke hoach phdt trien kinh te-xa hoi nam 2004, Ha Noi Chinh Phu (2004) Bdo cao danh gid thuc hien ke hoach nam 2004 vd ke hoach phdt trien kinh te-xa hoi nam 2005, Ha Noi Chinh Phu (2005), Bdo cao danh gid thuc hien ke hoach nam 2005 vd ke hoach phdt trien kinh te-xa hoi nam 2006, Ha Noi 10 Chinh Phu (2006), Bdo cao danh gid thuc hien ke hoach nam 2006 vd ke hoach phdt trien kinh te-xa hoi nam 2007, Ha Noi 11 Chinh Phu (2004), Bdo cao tinh hinh dau tu xay dung ca han nguon von Nhd nudc nam 2004 vd ke hoach von dau tu Nhd nudc nam 2005, Ha Noi 12 Chinh Plui (2005), Bdo cao tinh hinh dau tu phdt trien nam 2005 vd ke hoach dau tu'phat trien nam 2006, Ha Noi 120 13 Chinh Phu (2006), Bao cao tinh hinh dau tu phat trien nam 2006 vd ke hoach dau tu phat trien nam 2007, Ha Noi 14 Chinh Phu (2006), Bao cao ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xd hoi giai doan nam 2006 - 2010, Ha Noi 15.'Nguy6n Bach Nguyet, Tur Quang Phirong (2004), Giao trinh kinh teddu tu, Nxb Thong ke, Ha Noi 16 Quoc hoi (2006), Luat Doanh nghiep nam 2005, Ha Noi 17 Quoc hoi (2006), Luat Dau tu nam 2005, Ha Noi 18 Le Ba Thao (2001), Viet Nam lanh tho vd cac viing dia ly, Nxb The giai Ha Noi 19 Tong cue Thong ke (2000, 2002, 2005), Nien giam Thong ke, Nxb Thong ke, Ha Noi 20 Vien Chien luoc phat trien (2001), Ca sa khoa hoc cua mot so van de chien lucfc phat trien kinh te - xd hoi Viet Nam den 2010 vd tam nhin 2020, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 21 Vien Chien luqc phat trien (2004), Quy hoach phat trien kinh te xd hoi, mot so van de ly luan vd thuc tien, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 22 Ngo Doan Vinh (2003), Quy hoach chien luac, hoc hoi vd sang tao, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 23 Ngo Doan Vinh (2006), Huang tdi suphat trien cua Dat nudc, mot so van de ly thuyet vd ung dung, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 24 Ngo Doan Vinh (2006), Nhung van de chu yeu ve kinh te phat trien, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 121 Phu lucl: Md hinh phan tfch tac dong cua GDP va Thu ngan sach den dau tu cua Vung I = - 3923,64 + 0,1582*(GDP_2) + 2,954*(RNS.,) SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.9979 R Square Adjusted R Square 0.9957 Standard Error 0.9943 546.6698 Observations AN OVA df F MS SS Repression 2.0 420030438.6 210015219.3 Residual 6.0 1793087.4 298847.9 Total 8.0 421823526.1 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat Significance F 702.7 0.0 P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% -3923.639 1117.033 -3.513 0.013 -6656.922 -1190.357 -6656.922 -1190.357 X Variable 0.158 0.103 1.543 0.174 -0.093 0.409 -0.093 0.409 X Variable 2.954 0.261 11.322 0.000 2.316 3.593 2.316 3.593 Intercept 122 Phu luc 2: Mo hinh phan ti'ch tac ddng cua dau tu den tang trudng kinh te cua Vung GDP(n)= 9834,14 + 2,178 x I(n-2) SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.9805 R Square Adjusted R Square 0.9613 Standard Error 0.9558 1828.6297 Observations AN OVA df ss F MS Regression 1.000 582073584.759 582073584.759 Residual 7.000 23407205.873 3343886.553 Total 8.000 605480790.632 Coefficients Intercept X Variable Standard Error 174.071 P-value t Stat Significance F 0.000 Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% 9834.1374 1371.2652 7.1716 0.0002 6591.6127 13076.6621 6591.6127 13076.6621 2.1780 0.1651 13.1936 0.0000 1.7876 2.5683 1.7876 2.5683 123 Phu luc 3: Md hinh phan tich tac dong cua ddu tu ddn thu ngan sach Nha nude cua Vung RNSn = 283,4967 + 0,64262*I(n-2) SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.9785 R Square 0.9575 Adjusted R Square 0.9515 Standard Error 566.6132 Observations ANOVA df MS SS Repression 1.00 50673510.75 50673510.75 Residual 7.00 2247353.33 321050.48 Total 8.00 52920864.08 Coefficients Intercept X Variable Standard Error t Stat Significance F F 157.84 P-value 0.00 Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% 283.4967 424.8957 0.6672 0.5260 -721.2220 1288.2154 -721.2220 1288.2154 0.6426 0.0512 12.5633 0.0000 0.5217 0.7636 0.5217 0.7636 124 Phu luc Mot so ly thuyet phat trien viing Ly thuyet 1: Ly thuyet ve "diem trung tam" cua W Christaller - (My, 1933) (Day la ly thuyet chinh de giai thfch sir hinh va phat trien ciia Viing KTTD mien trung - trai dai theo chieu doc) Cac thi nhd cung nhu- cac khu vuc nong thon chiu sir anh hirdng, "lire hap din" cua mot hoac nhieu thi ldn Sir tac dong cua cac thi ldn den cac thi ve tinh cd nhirng quy luat nhat dinh va da duqc nhieu nha khoa hoc nghien ciru va dira nhieu ly thuyet, dd noi tieng nhat la Ly thuyet ve "diem trung tam" ciia W Christaller - (My, 1933) goi tat la Ly thuyet trung tam Theo Ly thuyet nay, khong cd nong thon nao lai khong chiu chi dao ciia mot cue hut, dd la (do thi) Thanh dirqc quan niem nhu nhirng cue hut, hat nhan ciia sir phat trien Chung la cac doi tuong de dau tu cd diem tren co so nghien ciru mire thu hut va mdc anh hudng ciia mot trung tam; de xac dinh ban kinh viing tieu thu cac san phaim cua trung tam Trong gidi han ban kinh viing tieu thu, xac dinh gidi han thi trudng, ngoai ngudng gidi han khong cd lqi viec phuc vu hang hoa trung tam cho tat ca cac diem dan cu khac cua viing, dam bao cho chung ve cac hang hoa ciia trung tam Cac trung tam ton tai theo nhieu cap, tir cao tdi thap Cac trung tam cap cao cd kha nang lira chon hang hoa dich vu cac trung tam cap thap it cd kha nang lira chon hon Ly thuyet trung tam ciia Christaller da duqc nha bac hoc ngudi Ddc - A Losch bo sung va phat trien A Losch dua them vao noi dung cua ly thuyet trung tam vdn de muc phu thuoc cao hon Tir dd ong cho rang cd mot diem trung tam chung va quan nhat, la dau mdi ciia toan bo he thong cac diem dan cu; vai tro buon ban va phuc vu cua nd khong che cac viing phu thuoc W Christaller va A Losch da kham pha quy luat phan bo khong gian tir tuong quan giua cac diem dan cu, phat hien mot trat tu duqc tinh toan sir phan bo cac va nong thon, sau da nhan thiic duqc quy luat khach quan, se ap dung nd quy hoach cac diem dan cu tren nhung lanh tho mdi khai pha, nghien ciiu cac he thong khong gian co so de xac dinh cac nut diem Ve mat thuc tiSn, ly thuyet la co so xac dinh tac dong (ban kinh) ciia mot trung tam, xac dinh trung tam cua mot viing kinh te va cac trung tam 125 ve tinh de xac dinh pham vi cua mot vung kinh te va bo tri cac diem thi mdi cho nhung viing vdng thi mot viing W Christaller My - 1933 S K >j—' \ (Ly thuyet Trung tam) A / B Hinh Mo phong ly thuyet cua W Christaller - (A) va (B) la hai diem thi - R va r la ban kinh chi pho'i tieu thu hang hoa cua thi A va B - (X) la diem thi mdi can phat trien Ly thuyet 2: Ly thuyet cue phat trien Mot viing khong the phat trien kinh te deu dan d tat ca cac noi tren lanh tho cua nd cung mot thdi gian, ma nd cd xu hudng phat trien nhat d mot hoac vai noi, dd d nhung noi khac lai cham phat trien hoac bi tri tre Tat nhien, cac noi phat trien nhanh la nhtrng trung tam cd loi the so vdi toim viing Nha kinh te hoc ngudi Phap Francoi Perroux dua Ly thuyet cue phat trien vao dau nhung nam 50 cua the ky XX Ly thuyet chu vao nhung lanh tho lam phat sinh sir tang trudng kinh te cua lanh tho Ly thuyet cue phat trien da duoc cai bien qua cac thdi ky, sau dd da duqc mot so tac gia nhu Albert, O Hirshman, G Myrdal, Friedmann tong hqp lai Ly thuyet cho ring cong nghiep va dich vu cd vai trd ldn ddi vdi su phat trien tang trudng la mot "nhan" cong nghiep then chot Nganh cong nghiep then chot phat trien va phat dat thi lanh tho dia phuong noi nd phan bo cung phat trien va phat dat, cong an viec lam tang nen sire mua cung tang len, cac nganh cong nghiep va cac hoat dong mdi bi thu hut vao vung dd Difeu quan la Francoi Perroux khuyen cao ve hai loai cue: cue phat trien va cue tang trudng Cite phat trien: F Perroux cho ring chung la mot he thdng hay phuc hqp dd cd mot hoat dong dong luc va cac hoat dong khac xoay quanh nd, cd nhung tac dong loi cuon quan ddi vdi cac khu vuc xung quanh 126 Tac dong loi cuon ay rat da dang va the hien khac cac hoan canh dia ly cu the Cite tang tenting: F Perroux xem chung la mot he thong hay mot phiic hop nhirng hoat dong thu dong, chiu anh hubng thuc day tir ben ngoai ciia mot cue phat trien Cac cue tang trubng la cac cue ve tinh cua ctrc phat trien Nhip phat trien cua cac ctrc ve tinh - cue tang trubng - thubng la manh, bbi chung phan ung manh va sau doi vdi nhung sire thuc day, sue loi cuon tir cac cue phat trien Tren co sb lire hut va luc day cua mbi trung tam ma hinh nen viing anh hubng cua no tdi xung quanh Tir trien vong pham vi anh hubng ciia mdi trung tam ngubi ta cd the xac dinh duoc khu vuc lanh tho de’ xay dung diem thi mdi, lam cho tat ca cac lanh tho deu cd thi hat nhan, hay noi each khac khong de lanh tho nao vdng thi Nhieu nudc b chau A, nhat la b cac nudc ASEAN da ap dung rong rai Ly thuyet cue tang trubng Day cung la ly thuyet giai thich sir can thiet ciia phat trien kinh te lanh tho theo hudng phat trien cd diem F Perroux Phap - 1950 PT \ ® TT R”4 —® (Ly thuyet Cue) Hinh 2: Mb phong ly thuyet ciia Francoi Perroux Chu thich: - PT la cue phat trien - TT lit cue tang trubng - R var la ban kinh anh hubng (chi phoi) ciia hai thi - (X) la dia diem (khoang khong gian) xay dung diem thi mdi 127 Ve mat thuc tien, ly thuyet da giai thich cho chung ta thay rang, mdi vung mot thdi diem nhat dinh se khong co du nguon luc de dau tu cac dia diem phat trien deu dan va can doi ma phai co mot chien luoc dau tu hop ly, tao cac cuc phat trien de tao su loi keo, su lan toa cac khu vuc lan can phat trien Xet o quy mo quoc gia, day chinh la ly thuyet minh chung cho viec cac nudc phai hinh cac vung phat trien hon de tao cac cuc phat trien, lam dau tau loi keo kinh te ca nudc phat trien Cac vung kinh te diem o nudc ta chinh la cac “Cuc phat trien” cua dat nudc Ly thuyet 3: Ly thuyet phat trien cac vanh nong nghiep Doi vdi mdi thi deu co cac vanh nong nghiep, cay xanh va bao ve moi trudng, Viec hinh cac vanh nong nghiep cua cac thi cung theo cac quy luat nhat dinh Vao nam 1883 V Thumen sang lap Ly thuyet Phat trien cac vanh nong nghiep pham vi anh huong cua pho, va xem dia to chenh lech nhu la mot nhan to then chot dSn den su phan chia lanh tho co cac hoat dong dong nhat xung quanh cac thi cac vanh san xuat nong nghiep khac Von Thunen Duc - 1833 (Ly thuyet Vinh dai nong nghiep) Hinh Mo phong ly thuyet vanh nong nghiep cua V.Thunen Tu tuong cua V Thunen coi pho, cac cua Vao - Ra (cang bien, san bay, dau moi giao thong ldn ) la nhung nut, nhung diem cua lanh tho co suc hut va suc day anh huong xung quanh y nghia quan la no lap luan cho viec xac dinh vai tro cua mot trung tam va thiet lap cac vanh nong nghiep bieu trung cho nhung khu vuc ma kinh te cham phat trien 128 Trong so tren, vanh la vanh thuc pham, vanh la vanh thuc pham, luong thuc, vanh la vanh cay an qua, luong thuc, vanh la vanh luong thuc va chan nuoi, vanh la vanh lam nghiep (cay xanh) Ly thuyet 4: Ly thuyet tang trudng viing Ly thuyet tang trudng noi sinh: ly thuyet hinh tren co so cac ket qua quan sat thuc nghiem cua c Clark (1940) va G B Fisher (1939) Noi chung su tang thu nhap binh quan dau ngubi cac khu vuc lanh thb khac theo thdi gian gSn lien vbi su phan bo thuc te cac nguon tai nguyen, vbi su giam ty le luc luong lao dong duoc su dung cac hoat dong so cap, khai thac cac hoat dong thuc cap (che bien) va cac hoat dong tam cap (dich vu) Toc cua su dich chuyen va su tien trien ben cua chuyen mon hoa vung va phan cong lao dong xa hoi duoc xem nhu la cac nguon cung cap dong luc chu yeu cho su tang truong vung Ly thuyet tang truong noi sinh nhan manh den nang luc san xuat ben cua vung, den kha nang cung cua cac yeu to dau vao nhu tai nguyen thien nhien, von, lao dong va cong nghe de xac dinh nang luc san xuat cua vung Ly thuyet tang trudng ngoai sinh: Ly thuyet dua vao xuat khau de phat trien vung No khdng dinh, su tang truong duoc xac dinh boi su khai thac cac loi the tu nhien cua vung va su tang truong cua co so san xuat xuat khau chiu anh huong iat lbn cua muc cau ben ngoai, tu cac vung khac o cung nhu ngoai nubc 129 Phu luc 5: Kinh nghiem va ngoai nude vd van de xay du’ng thi trung tam vung va quy hoach vung thi Md hinh xay dung thi trung tam d Lien Xd cu d Lien Xd trudc day, dd thi trung tam vung thuong cd quy mo dan sd 50 van, 75 van den trieu dan Trong trung tam vung duoc bo tri cac khu cong nghiep it doc hai va chiem it dat xay dung Xung quanh trung tam vung thudng la vanh dai cac cong - nong nghiep ve tinh Vanh dai thu nhat gom cac dd thi 10, 15, 20 van dan vdi cac to hop cong nghiep ldn Vanh dai thtr la cac dd thi van, 7,5 van va 10 van dan, vdi cac diem dan cu nong thon khoang 5.000 dan va cac diem cong nghiep vira va nhd Lao dong phan bo tap trung chuyen mon hoa triet de ndn san xuat theo tirng vimg Hinh 4: So dd to chuc chum dd thi ciia Lien Xd trudc day Chu thich: 130 Trung tam cap 50 van, 75 van va I trieu dan Do thi cong - nong nghiep ve tinh cho 10 van, 15 van, 20 van dan Do thi cong - nong nghiep ve tinh cho van, 7,5 van, 10 van dan Cac don vi dan cir nong nghiep vdi 5.000 dan Cac don vi dan cir cong nghiep vdi 10.000 - 20.000 dan Cac to hop cong nghiep ldn Cac khu cong nghiep it doc hai va chiem it dat xay dung Trung tam hanh chinh thirong mai ldn Cac nut giao thong ldn 10 San bay Trung tam duoc xay dung song song vdi viec xay dung nong thon nham giai quyet nhung nhiem vu ve phan bo lire lupng san xuat, dan cu Sip xep cac nganh cong nghiep gan cac ngudn nguyen lieu, nhien lieu va gan noi tieu thu san pham de giam bdt dau tu xay dung ve giao thong van tai Kinh nghiem xay dung thi trung tam b Phap Nudc Phap dupe quy hoach viing (khu vuc) thi: Viing bon dia Pari, viing phfa Dong, viing Dong Nam, viing Tay Nam va viing Dai Tay Duong Moi mot viing cd 1-3 trung tam viing, cac thi trung tam viing cd mdi lien ket chat che vdi cac dd thi trung tam viing khac ciia viing va cac dd thi nhd hon (do thi ve tinh) Cac ve tinh cung dupe bo tri mot each linh hoat xung quanh dd thi trung tam, ngoai each bo tri theo cac dudng vanh dai xung quanh hat nhan, cd each bo tri theo cac true ldn phat trien kieu tuyen tfnh vdi nhirng khoang each khac Cach xay dung trung tam viing d Phap dac biet quan tam den nhung khu vuc lao dong du thira, bi thien tai de doa, hien dai hoa ndn nong nghiep, cai tao nong thon nham han che tdi da sir di dan ciia ngudi dan nong thon vao dd thi trung tam Khac phuc sir phan bo' kinh te va dan cu khong dong ddu bang each phan bo' lai nong nghiep, cac co so khoa hoc ky thuat va van hoa, tren co so dd phan bo' lai dan cu 131 Hinh 5: Nude Phap - Phan viing thi va cac thi trung tam viing Kinh nghiem xay clung thi trung tam tai Han Quoc VS so to chirc khong gian xung quanh trung tam viing, tai Han Quoc cung giong nhu d nhiSu nudc khac, sau mdt thdi gian dai tranh luan vS cac mo hinh phat trien thi nhu: (i) thi hudng tam: chi chu phat trien trung tam viing, (ii) thi song hanh, (iii) ly tam: thi phat trien vS mot hudng theo dai, (iv) da trung tam: xay dung cac ve tinh, nhung cuoi cung lam theo md hinh “da trung tain”, xay dung xung quanh thi trung tam cac trung tam ve tinh (cac tieu viing cap I va tieu viing cap II), lam cue ddi cho thi trung tam, vdi ban kinh khoang tir 30 - 50 km, nhung khong theo cac dudng tron ddng tam, vdi rihieu vanh dai giao thdng hoan chinh nham han che su phat trien qua nhanh cua trung tam, tang cudng phat trien cac thi vira va nhd, qua dd xoa bo dan su khac biet va chenh lech dieu kien song va lao dong giua dd thi va nong thon, han che sir tap trung qua mdc cac cum cong nghiep, dan cu vao trung tam viing, dd tai cac viing nong thon lai lam vao tinh trang hoang vang, ngheo nan, lac hau cung nhu tao cac cum 132 cong nghiep doi Mot vung co the cd tir I den 2, thi trung tam so luong thi trung tam viing va trung tam ve tinh phu thuoc vao dien tich va dac diem ciia viing Hinh 6: Viing thi Seoul Tuong tu nhu mo hinh phat trien cua Phap, mo hinh phat trien d Han Quoc cung de cao vai tro dieu tiet nham tao cac viing phat trien kha dong deu, giam thieu chenh lech giua viing thiinh thi va nong thon, thong qua viec phan bo cac khu cong nghiep, cac doanh nghiep nhd va vira, tren cac viing nong thon, nham tao su phat trien dong deu giua cac viing, giam thieu su di cu tir nong thon thi