ninh bình lịch sử kháng chiến chống mỹ cứu nước (1954 - 1975)

ThUc hien chii truong "ddy manh khoi phuc kinh te, hdn gdn vet thuong chiin tranh" ciia Dang va Chinh phii, Tinh iiy da td chflc cho can bp, quan va dan trong tinh hoc tap chinh sach sa

46

NII^IH B I N H UCH Sir KHANG CHIEN

C H O N G M Y CLTU NIJCJC

BO CHI HUY QUAN SI/TINH NINH B I N H

-• 9 9 4

(i 311,.&

NINH BINH

L P SUT KHANG CHIEN

C H O N G MY , CL/U N u ' d c

MONG BAN DQC GOP Y PHE BJNH

«

Chi dao noi dung:

DANG UY VA BO CHi HUY QUAN SU TINH NINH BINH

Chi dao bien soan :

7(5 XUAN TOAN - Oy vien T IV Ding,

Bl thu tinh uy-Bl thu D.U.Q.S tinh Dai til LA MANH THI - Chi huy trudng

Thuang ta HOANG LUpNG - Chl huy phd chinh td

Thugng tii NGO XUAN THiiN - Chi huy pho, T.M T

Dai ta TRAN HONG LliN - Chi huy pho quan su

Thugng ti LUONG VAN THAI - Chu nhiem chfnh tri

Bien soan

M/\/ QUI

mi^^wi^z^'

LOl GlOl THIEU

Thuc hiin Nghi quyet cua Ddng iiy qudn su Trung uang, chi thi ciia Bo trudng Bg quoc phong ud ciia Bo Tu lenh qu&n khu

Ba, chil truang ciia Tinh iiy dnh Ninh Binh ve viec ghi lai nhitng chdng dudng lich su quang vinh 30 ndm (1945-1975) cki^n dau

vd chiih thdng, Ddng uy vd B6 chi huy qudn sU tinh Ninh Binh

dd khdn truang to chiic, chi dgo nghien ciiu bien soan lich sic hai cuoc khdng chien chong thuc ddn Phdp vd dequoc My ciia qu&n

vd ddn Ninh Binh

Den nay, cuon" Ninh Binh - lich sic khdng chi4n chdng My ciiu nudc 1954-1975" dd hodn thdnh vd ra mdt bgn dgc vdo dung dip ky ni6m 50 nam ngdy ttidnh ldp Qudn ddi nhdn ddn Viet Nam (22-12-1944 - 22-12-1994)

Cud'n " Ninh Binh - lich sd khdng chi^n chong My ciiu nUdc 1954-1975" bien sogn thdnh 4 chuong, phii hgp vai su phdt tri^n khdch quan vd tien trinh lich sd cuoc khdng chien chong My, cUu nudc cua todn ddn tdc vd ddc diem rieng ciia Ninh Binh Nhdn dip cudn" Ninh Binh - lich sic khang chien chdng My cdu nudc 1954-1975" xudt bdn, chung toi xin chan thdnh cam an Ban Thudng vu Tinh u.y, Hdi ddng nhdn dd.n, l)y ban nhdn ddn tinh, Ban Tuyen gido Tinh uy, phong khoa hoc-cong nghS qudn

su qudn khu Ba; cdc ddng chi cdn bd cdch mgng lao thdnh, cdc ddng chi lanh dgo, chi huy cua Bg chi huy qudn su tinh qua cdc thdi ky, cdc tudng linh, cdc nhd khoa hgc ciing cdn bd, chiin sy,

vd nhdn ddn dd true tiip chiin ddu tren qui huang Ninh Binh; cdc ca quan ban, ngdnh cua tinh ud ca quan qudn khu dd nhiSt tinh giup da v^ tu liSu, ddng viin co vd decdng trinh lich sic qudn

su ddu tiin ciia tinh nhd dugc hodn thdnh Tuy nhiin, do nhiiu khd khdn ve thdi gian vd trinh dd nghien ciiu, bien sogn co hgn, cudn sdch khdng sao tranh khoi nhitng hgn chi ud thiiu sdt Chung tdi kinh mong bgn doc ciing ddng bdo, chiin sy trong tinh tiip tuc gidp da, ddng gdp y kiin di cuon sdch xudt ban ldn sau dgt chdt lugi).g tdt han

THUONG VU D A N G U Y VA

80 CHi HUY QUAN SU TINH NINH BINH

CQ

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0

-CHUONG MOT

HOA BINH LAP LAI, XAY DUNG VX CUNG CO QUE HUONG VE MOI MAT, SAN SANG BUOC VAO CUOC CHIEN DAU MOI (7-1954-2-1965)

Khoi phuc va phat trien

kinh te di doi voi xay diing,

cung c6 nen qudc phong

toan dan va cac luc luong vu

trang nhan dan

Hiep dinh Gid-ne-vo duoc ky ket, hoa binh lap lai d Viet Nam

va Dong Duong (7-1954) la niem vui 16n cua nhan dan ta va nhan dan the gidi

Tuy bi that bai nhuc nha, nhung de quoc My khong chiu til bo

am mUu xam luoc nU6c ta va Dong Duong

Chiing da hat cang Phap, dung len chinh quyen bii nhin Ngd Dinh Diem, ra siic pha hoai hiep dinh Gio-ne-vo, am mUu chia cat lau dai dat nude ta; bien mien Nam Viet Nam thanh thudc

7

dia va can oil quan svf cua My d^ chulin bi mdt cu6c chife'n tranh

xam luoc mdi, nham danh chi^m c& miin Bac Viet Nam va Dong

Duong "My-Diem chang nhflng la kd thu cua nhSn dan miin Nam

dang bi chung thong tri, ma cdn la k& thii cua cA dan toe Viet

Nam, cua nhan dan mien Bac da dUdc giii phdng" (1)

Nham thdng nhsit tu tudng va hanh ddng cua toan Ding, toan dan trong giai doan each mang mdi, thang 7 nam 1954, hdi nghi Ban chap hanh Trung uong Ding Ikn thii 6 (khda II) da xac dinh nhilm vu va cdng tac trUdc mat ciia toan DAng va toan dan ta la:

1 Tranh thU vd cdng cd hoa binh, thuc hiin thdng nhdt, hodn thdnh dgc l&p, ddn chii trong todn qudc

2 Tang cUdng life lugng qu&n su, x&y dung mdt qu&n ddi hiing mgnh thich hgp udi y&u c&u cUa tinh hinh mdi

3 Tiip tuc thuc hiin ngudi cdyco ru^ng, ra siic phuc hdi sdn xudt, chudn bi diiu kiin kiin thiit nudc nha" (2)

Quan triet nghi quyet cua Trung uong Ding va B6 chfnh tri, cu6i thang 8 nam 1954, Tinh uy Ninh Binh de ra 9 nhi^m vu cdng

tac cu the 6 dia phuong la : Thdng nhdt tu tuang, dodn kit todn Ddng, todn d&n vd toan qu&n di thuc hiin nhiim uu mdi, ph& mgi &m muu mdi cda dich; tiip tuc hodn thdnh viic tiip thu viing mdi gidi phdng, 6n dinh tinh thdn ud sinh hogt cho nhdn d&n, x&y dung luc lugng uu trang nh&n d&n d\a phuang; phat triin sdn xu&t viing tu do cu, phuc hdi sdn xudt viing mdi gidi

(DLdiHd Chii rich khai mac H^i nghi chinh tg dSc biitnghy 27-3-1964 tai thu d6

Ha N0i

(2) Sach da din trit v'a 52

X s s s -I g-1

phong; thi hdnh giam td theo thudng li, chudn biphdt ddng qudn chung giam to d nhiing nai Trung uong vd Lien khu uy III quyit dinh

Nhflng nhidm vu, cong tac mdi ma Trung uong Ding va Tinh

uy de ra da dap flng kip thdi nguyen vong cua Ding bo, quan va dan trong tinh trUdc sU bien ddi ldn lao cua tinh hinh dat nUdc ; mien Bac til chien tranh chuyen sang hoa binh, mien Nam con tam thdi bi dich chiem ddng

Chi t r o n g mot thdi gian ngan sau ngay giai phdng (30-6-1954), hang loat cong viec mdi, cap thiet va phflc tap d dia phuong da dUOc giai quyet Tiep quan viing mdi giai phdng, nhat

la thi tran Phat Diem - nOi tap trung dong ddng bao theo dao Thien chua, noi "tu tri" lau ngay (trong khang chien) ciia bon phan dpng dpi lot tdn giao, dUpc tien hanh nhanh chdng, kip thcii Can bp, bp dpi, cong an dupc cfl ve co sd tuyen truyen, giai thich

va van dpng cac tang ldp nhan dan thuc hien 8 chinh sach ciia Dang va Chinh phu doi v6i viing mdi giai phdng Dong thdi, bp dpi, dan quan du kich, cong an bo tri canh gac, gifl ^ n trat tU cac nga dudng dam bao an toan xa h6i Dd'i vdi nguy quan, nguy quyen tay sai cua thUc dan Phap, mpt mat ta keu gpi, van dpng

ra trinh dien va phan loai, lam thd can cu6c cho hp, mat khac, tien hanh bao vay, truy bat bpn ngoan c6 tron chay xudng mien duyen hai Kim Son de di theo giac Ta con td chflc thu dung va tra lUOng nhu cu cho cac cdng chflc trong co quan chinh quyen dich d lai lam viec cho each mang Cac tai san ciia cdng dan, ciia giao hdi Thidn chua (nhat la 6 Phat Diem va Phiic Nhac), cac cdng sd ciia chinh quyen thUc dan (nhU nha may dien Phat Diem, khu quan sU Tri Chinh, trUdng tieu hpe xa Luu Phuong, trudng Tr&n Luc ciia tda giam muc Phat Diem ) deu dupc bao ve chu

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dao Viec tu do tin ngudng ciia nhan dan duoc dam bao, giao dan van di Id binh thudng

Giac Phap thua chay khdng chi de Iai hang ngan con ngUdi lam lac theo chiing chdng lai ddng bao, ma cdn de lai nhflng hau qua nang ne ve kinh te, xa hpi Khi cdn chiem ddng, vdi chinh sach "ddt sach, pha sach, giet sach" va cac bien phap phdng thii dpc ac (lap phdng tuyet trang, rao day thep gai va gai min quanh ddn bdt, can quet trien mien ), chiing da lam cho nhieu xdm, lang trong tinh xd xac tieu dieu, nhieu rupng vUdn bd hoang hda, phan ldn gidng vdn, trau bd, ndng cu bi ddt pha hoac bi cUdp doat Cac cdng trinh thiiy loi (de, ke, cdng, niUOng, phai) bi hu hai hoac

bi pha hiiy Do dd, viec phuc hdi san xuat ciia nhan dan ta sau giai phdng gap rat nhieu khd khan gian khd

ThUc hien chii truong "ddy manh khoi phuc kinh te, hdn gdn vet thuong chiin tranh" ciia Dang va Chinh phii, Tinh iiy da td

chflc cho can bp, quan va dan trong tinh hoc tap chinh sach san

xuat nong nghiep va tren cd cd dd, phat dpng phong trao doan

ket, tUdng trd nhau khai hoang phuc hda, day manh san xuat

H Ciing vdi niem han hoan chien thang giac Phap xam lUdc, mpt

khdng khi lao dpng hang say da dupc day len trong mpi tang ldp nhan dan va can bp, chien sy life lUdng vu trang Ninh Binh Hang nghin dan quan du kich, bp dpi dia phUdng tinh,'huyen bat chap hiem nguy, gian khd, hd hdi lao vao thuc hien nhiem vu ra pha

bom min, thao ga day thep gai, thu dpn sat thep d cac vanh dai

trang va quanh cac bdn ddt ciia dich 0 Khanh Cu (Yen Khanh), Yen Thd (Yen Md) cd nhflng du kich da anh dung hy sinh trong khi lam nhiem vu thu gom bon dan dich tren ddng rudng Cung vdi bp dpi, dan quan, nhan dan lUdng, giao vung mdl giai phdng cung nhu vung tu do (cu) hang hai thi dua khai hoang, phuc hda,

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doan ket tUdng trp nhau phuc hdi san xuat Chinh quyen tinh, huyen cung ho trp cho nong dan vay vdn de mua sam ndng cu, trau bd Dd dd, den thang 9 nam 1954, 90% sd rudng hoang hda trong tinh da dupe khoi phue Phong trao thi dua san xuat dUdc day manh

Trong luc quan va dan ta dang nao nflc thUc hien eac chii truong, chinh sach mdi ciia Dang nham khac phuc hau qua chien tranh, phuc hdi san xuat, dn dinh ddi sdng tinh than va vat chat, thi de qudc My va be lu tay sai phan dpng lai trang trdn td chflc mpt cudc di cU ldn dUa dan mien Bac vao mien Nam

Da tam eiia de qudc My lam cudc di cu la nham gay tinh hinh cang thang ve chinh tri , tinh than, mat dn dinh ve trat tu an ninh va lam suy yeu luc lUdng lao dpng san xuat xay dung va bao

ve que hUdng cua ta trong hda binh ; tao dung mdt lUc lupng ehinh tri ho trp cho ehinh quyen Ngd Dinh Diem d mien Nam, bien mdt bp phan khdng nhd trong lUc lupng di cU thanh nhflng toan quan xung kich chdng pha each mang tren ca hai mien Nam-Bac nude ta

De qudc My da cung cap eho thUe dan Phap va bpn phan dpng dpi Idt Thien chua hang chuc trieu dd la eiing 41 tau chien ciia ham dpi 7 de "bdc dan di eu", ehung cdn cho cac nhan vien quan

su My d mien Nam Viet Nam do ten trung ta G.Len-den (Landslale) chi huy true tiep tien hanh chien tranh tam ly, xui due dbng bao ta rdi bd xfl sd di eU vao Nam Sfl dung eac hang giao pham trong giao hdi Thien chua (linh muc, chanh truong, trum trudng cd quan he mat thiet vdi Phap-My va cac td chflc cdng giao nhu dao binh Dfle Me, dao binh Xanh, hiep hpi chien

sy Dflc Me lam cdng eu dpa dim, du do, mua chudc, xiii giuc va cUdng ep ddng bao cdng giao di eU My-Diem Ipi dung tinh nhe

11

da ca tin ciia giao dan de gieo vao Idng hp noi lo lang, khiep sp bang nhflng luan dieu tuyen truyen xao tra Ket hdp vdi chien tranh tam ly, chung cho tay sai dung gay gpc, dao, kiem lung sue vao tiing nha de du do, de dpa, thue ep di cU Do vay, hang chuc ngan ddng bao cdng giao da rdi bd que huong, xfl sd ra di Chi trong 3 ngay tfl 5 - 7 thang 9 nam 1954, giao dan d eac thdn Tri Dien (Yen Md), Tin Thuan (Yen Khanht, Dao Cu (Kim Sdn) da

ra di gan het, moi noi chi cdn 4-5 gia dinh d lai De tao the bat ngd lam eho ta trd tay khdng kip, lue dau bpn phan ddng td chflc cho giao dan ra di Id td, sau di tflng nhdm, tflng doan Chung bd tri bpn cdn dd mang theo gay, dao, vd chai, quan day thep gai

di lan vao tflng doan de giam sat, neu ai co y quay trd lai thi lap

tflc bi uy hiep, khung bd, ddng thdi de ddi phd vdi ta khi can thiet

De bdc gpn ddng bao ta ra Hai Phdng chd ngay xudng tau vao Nam, bpn phan dpng tay sai My-Diem da lap trai tap trung tai Phat Diem (1) Dem dem, chung eho nhieu ten cdn dd deo mat

na den eac khu trong trai de de dpa, uy hiep, lam cho ddng bao khiep sd khdng dam trd ve Den cudi thang 11 nam 1954, sd dan

bi chung cuang ep den day len tdi 10.027 ngUdi Trai tap trung, Phat Diem, dbng bao phai chiu canh "man trdi chieu dat", ddi khd, nhue nha, cd ngudi phai ban eon de ed tien an, ed ngudi vi uat fle phai tU sat (d Khanh Trung - Yen Khanh), tren dudng ve trai tap trung Phat Diem cd tdi 20 tre em dm chet dpc dudng 0 trai tap trung do sdng chen chuc mat ve sinh nen dich benh phat sinh lam nhidu ngudi da chet, trong dd cd 12 trd em

(II Trai nay cd 5 khu: Khu nhi chung Phat Diem, khu trudng Ly Doan-Jhugng Kiem khu nha thuang Phu Vinh, khu nha thb Luu Phuong vh khu trudng tip Tr) Chinh

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Tinh den thang 5-1955, toan tinh cd tdi 39.378 giao dan, chiem 44% tdng sd giao dan trong tinh bi dich eUdng ep di cU vao Nam

Trong khi dich thUc hien mUu dd di dan vao Nam mdt each ehii dpng, d at, thi ta chu quan, sp vi pham hiep dinh dinh chien, nhan biet am mUu thu doan eung nhu diin bien phflc tap eiia tinh hinh khdng kip thdi, nen luc dau ddi phd cdn lung tung, hflu khuynh Tfl khi ed ehi thi 91 cua Ban Bi thU Trung Udng Dang (8-9-1954) va sU chi dao trUc tiep ciia Lien khu iiy va Uy ban khang chien hanh chinh Lien khu III, tinh hinh chdng dich eUdng

ep di cU d Ninh Binh dupc trien khai manh me, deu khap, ed ddi

sach ro rang vdi tflng viing, tflng noi, tflng ddi tupng C?ae ban chi dao chdng dich cuang ep, du do dan di cu tfl tinh xudng cd sd dupe nhanh chdng thanh lap va di vao hoat dpng Hang ngan can

bd, bd dpi, cdng an, dan quan, du kich dUdc dieu ddng vao cac dpi cdng tac vl tflng thdn, xdm ed ddng ddng bao cdng giao tuyen truyen, giai thich ehinh sach ciia Dang va Chinh phii, vach ro am

mUu, thu doan eua ki thu, van ddng ddng bao yen tam d lai qud

huong Ddng thdi td chflc quan chung each mang, ke ea lUPng va giao xiet chat hang ngu dau tranh vdi cac giao sy phan dpng de gianh lai tflng ngudi, thoat khdi cam biy cua kd thu, va budc hp phai diiu tra nhflng vu cfldng ep di eu d Phat Diem, Van H i i (Kim Son)

Khi van ddng giao dan d lai, can bd, bd dpi va dan quan du kich ludn td ra binh tinh, kien tri biet kiem che trudc mpi sU quay pha ciia kd thu Nhilu canh ngang trai, nhilu vu xd xat do bpn phan ddng gay ra da lam eho cudc dau tranh ngay them cang

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thang va phflc tap O Kenh Ga (Gia Viin), chung da gay sU danh can bd ta va 4ay bd dpi xudng sdng O Van Hai (Kim Son) chung danh bd dpi va cUdp sung 0 Phat Diem, ten cd Bi (1) eho chd Bec-gie can can bd ta Chap hanh nghiem chinh chu trUdng, chinh sach ciia Dang va sU chi dao cua cac cap iiy, chinh quyen dia phuong, quan va dan ta vin kien n h i n giao due, thuyet phuc ddng bao bi cUdng ep ra di quay trd lai, va vach mat bpn tay sai, canh cao nhflng ten phan ddng

Ngay 11 thang 11 nam 1954, Uy ban khang chien hanh chinh tinh ra lenh giai tan trai tap trung Phat Diem Cac dpi cdng tac

da ket hpp chat che bien phap dau tranh ehinh tri vdi dau tranh ngoai giao - cac td kiem scat va giam sat quoc te, ket hpp vSn ddng quan ehung dau tranh ddi trd ve vdi tran ap bpn phan ddng dau sd, hung hang Ngay 21 thang 11 nam 1954, trai tap trung

di cU Phat Diem dUdc giai tan, ddng bao trd ve dupc cac dang bp, ehinh quydn va nhan dan dia phuong cham sdc, giup dd lUdng thuc, phuong tien, gidng vdn de tiep tuc lao ddng san xuat, nhanh chdng dua cuoc sd'ng trd lai binh thudng

Ngay 4 thang 12 nam 1954, ta td chflc mdt cudc mit tinh ldn tai thi tran Phat Diem Hdn 15.000 ngUdi tham du cudc mit tinh

da ddng thanh len an de qudc My va be lu tay sai cUdng ep giao dan di eU, pha hoai hiep dinh dinh chien Cudc mit tinh da chuyen thanh cudc bieu tinh, tuan hanh bieu duong lUc Ifldng chdng My

va tay sai

Ngay 25 thang 12 nam 1954, nhan dip ll No-en eua ddng bao cdng giao, Tinh uy md hdi nghi ton giao doan ket-yeu nUdc chdng

My, 27 linh muc, thUpng tpa, chanh trUPng, trum trUdng, dai

(1) Cha CO ngudi nudc Bl

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dien eho tdn giao cac khu vUc trong tinh v l du hdi nghi da nhat tri kien nghi len Ttrung Udng Dang, ehinh phu va Uy ban kiem soat va giam sat qudc te ve hda binh d Viet Nam, ddi de qudc My

va bpn tay sai Ngd Dinh Diem phai cham dflt ngay nhflng am muu

va hanh ddng pha hoai hiep dinh Gid-ne-vd, pha hoai hda binh

NgUpc Iai vdi nhflng ngUdi co chflc sac trong hang giao pham

cdn d que hUdng cung cdng ddng thuc hien chii trUdng ciia Dang

va Hd Chu tich la doan ke't, yeu nUdc chdng My, mpt sd ten dau

sd phan dpng Ipi dung tdn giao vin rap tam chdng pha each mang, chdng lai dan tdc, phan Iai ddng bao Tfl thang 10 nam 1954, ehung bat dau lap cac td chflc vu trang bi mat chdng pha each mang tai vung duyen hai Kim Sdn, chu yeu d hai xa Td Hieu va Van Hai Dau nam 1955, chung dung bien phap khdng che, mua chude, ldi keo mdt sd tay chan ludn vao chinh quyen, cdng an, dan quan du kich xa, xdm de pha tfl ben trong, tung tin that thiet

de gay tinh hinh trat tu xa hpi khdng yen dn, laj' cd cdng khai rao lang, td chflc tuan tra canh gac, uy hiep can bp cd sd ciia ta Hdn the, chung edn nem lUu dan va ban vao doanh trai bp dpi ddng tai Van Hai

Tinh hinh tren dat ra cho ta mdt yeu eau bflc thiet la phai gan cudc dau tranh chdng dich du do, cUSng ep ddng bao di cU vao Nam vdi viec dau tranh chdng bpn phan ddng npi dia de gifl gin

an ninh ehinh tri va trat tu xa hdi

Trong vdng 3 thang (tfl thang 1 den thang 3-1955), Tinh iiy

da ehi dao cac cap uy Dang tap trung lanh dao giao due y thfle chinh tri, tang cudng de cao canh giac cho can bd va nhan dan Luc lupng dan quan du kich ket hdp vdi cdng an tuan tra, canh gac bao ve kho tang, cd sd, (ddng thdi day manh hoat ddng theo doi nam dich giup chinh quyen cd du chflng cfl dua ra canh eao

15

tran ap 160 ten tay sai phan dpng, trong dd ed mdt sd t i n bi dUa

ra truy td trUdc phap luat Ngay 18-01-1955, trong khi cac td kiem soat va giam sat qudc te cdn dang cd mat tai dia phUdng, Tda an nhan dan Ninh Binh da md phien tda cdng khai tai thi tran Phat Diem, xet xfl va tuyen phat tu giam tfl 2-5 nam ddi vdi hai ten Quang va Tan tay sai dac lUc cua dich trong cudc td chflc cudng ep di eu va pha rdi trat tU an ninh tren dia ban tinh Hdn

2000 quan chung nhan dan 6 Phat Diem va vung phu can da tdi

du va td thai dp ddng tinh iing hd ddi vdi phien tda

Tfl thang 2 den thang 6 nam 1955, dap flng yeu cau ciia tinh hinh, nhiem vu mdi, Tinh uy can cfl vao dac diem cua dia phUdng

da dieu ddng 120 can bd quan, dan, chinh Dang vl cac xa ed ddng ddng bao theo dao Thien ehua d Kim Sdn va Yen Khanh de xay dung CO sd chinh tri, quan sU Sau hai thang hoat ddng, cac td cdng tac eua tinh cung vdi cap uy, chinh quyen, cac doan the' quan chung va lUc lupng vu trang da xay dUng dupe 2304 cd sd d hai huyen Kim Sdn va Yen Khanh Mdt sd xa trpng diem, nhU Phuc Nhac (Yen Khanh), Phat Diem, Td Hieu, Van Hai (Kim Sdn) da xay dung dupc 770 cd sd, trong dd cd 363 cd sd la ngUdi cdng giao, lUa chpn, dao tao, bdi dUdng dupe 210 can bd cdt can

CP sd quan ehung each mang dupe xay dilng da cd tac dung lam ndng cdt cho viec thUc hien cac chu trUdng, chinh sach cua Dang d dia phuong, nhat la trong dau tranh chdng dich cUdng

ep, du do ddng bao di cU vao Nam, chdng am mUu va hanh dpng pha hoai cua bpn phan dpng ndi dia

VI quan sU, den thang 7 nam 1954, lUe lUdng du ki'eh toan tinh ed 6664 ngUdi, trong dd cd 130 can bd xa dpi, 952 can bd thdn dpi, trung binh moi xa cd tfl mpt trung dpi den mdt dai dpi Rieng vung tam chiem lau ngay Kim Sdn, lijfe Iflpng du kich rsit

16

mdng (ed hdn 400 can bd, dpi vien) va chi mdi td chflc dupc d

26/70 thdn trong 19/22 xa ciia huyen So lupng du kich so vdi

trUdc cdn it, hau het anh chi em da dupc ren luyen thfl thach,

sang lpc qua chien dau, dpi ngu dam bao tin cay Budc vao thdi

ky each mang mdi, anh chi em hang hai phan khdi thUc hien eac

nhiem vu khac phuc hau qua chien tranh, phuc hoi san xuat va

chdng dich eUdng ep ddng bao cdng giao di cU

Trudc yeu ciu mdi cua nhiem vu tri an san sang chien dau,

Tinh dpi Ninh Binh da chu trUdng thdng qua cudc dau tranh

chinh tri chdng dich cuong ep di cu, md ddt eung ed va phat trien

manh du kich trong toan tinh, dac biet la d cac vung bi dich chiem

ddng lau ngay Tinh den eudi nam 1955, sd can bd, dpi vien du

kich mdi bd sung, phat trien trong ca tinh len tdi 4198 ngUdi,

gdm 102 can bd xa dpi, 473 thdn dpi va 3623 dpi vien, dua tdng

sd du kich eu va mdi len 8994 ngudi, tang 1,35 lan so vdi thang

*>> '51^54 Song chat lupng eua dpi ngu mdi phat trien chUa dam

' ;,;.: b4oi;in vay ve ehinh tri 0 nhieu ndi, nhat la vflng mdi giai phdng

"*' ^Xni Sdn phat trien d at, khdng dung thu tue, nguyen tac, tieu

- ' cBuan Xa Gia Hung (Gia Viln) mdt lue thanh loai khdi dpi ngu

;•'" 55 d»u kich da kinh qua khang chien, trong dd cd ngUdi vao du

Idch tfl nam 1947, hoat ddng rat tich cue, nay bd vai cudc hpp da

bi quj' la thieu tidu ehua'n

Nguyen nhan cua tinh hinh tren la : "Su Idnh dgo cua cdc cdp

uy vd su chi dgo cua tinh, huyin ddi thiiu chat che, chua nam

vung phuang chdm yeu cdu, chua thdy ddy du tinh chdt giai cdp

trong xdy dung tuc lugng Thanh niin, phu nvc chua thdy dugc

Dc: 4G

NBLST2 L/V^ ' T ' U ^ Yj

nhiim vu cda dodn thi chinh tri ddi udi nhiim uu xdy dung du kich Mat khdc khi pfidt triin du kich, chua dUa tren ca sd gidc ngg cua qu&n chung mot so nai tu dong phdt triin khong qua xit duy it cua xd " (1)

Di ddi vdi xay dUng, eung cd cd sd ehinh tri , quan sU, tfl thang

7 nam 1955, Ninh Binh md dpt phat ddng quan ehung dau tranh pha cac td chuc vu trang bi mat ciia dich d cac xfl, hp thudc hai

xa To Hieu va Van Hai Luc lupng dupc huy ddng vao lam nhiem

vu gdm : Mdt sd don vi bd dpi cua tinh va ciia chu lUc (tieu doan 922), cdng an, tuyen huan va cac td cdng tac do tinh td chflc, dat dudi sU lanh dao, ehi dao true tiep eiia Tinh iiy va Uy ban hanh chinh tinh Cac luc lupng nay da phdi hpp hoat ddng chat che, cd hieu qua tren ca hai mat : thdng qua viec td chflc hpe tap chinh sach tdn giao ciia Dang va Nha nUdc, phat dpng chung, van ddng rieng quan chung tflng bUde td eao cac td chflc vu trang phan each mang Ddng thdi, bao vay, trinh sat, duilg co sd quan chung trung kien tiep can cac ten phan ddng dau sd de nam tinh hinh Bang each dd, den eudi nam 1955, ta can ban pha dupc cac td chflc vu trang bi mat eiia dich, Idiam pha dung eho bpn phan ddng chon giau vu klii, tich thu 9 hdm dan nang 4 ta d nha xfl Van Hai

va hdn 1000 vien dan tieu lien d nha ten Nguyen (xa Van Hai) Bpn dau sd phan ddng Idi dung tdn giao bi vach mat Hang chuc ten tay sai dac lUe ciia ehung bi bat hoac bi dudi ra khdi dia ban

Am muu cua kd thu chuan bi lUc lupng, vu khi chd thdi cd ndi day chdng pha each mang bUde dau bi that bai

(I) Trich "Bao cao tong ket lOnSm xiy dung d6n qu6n tu ve Ninh Binh" cua Tinh

dpi, nSm 1964 -ban gdc (viettay), tr3

18

Khang chien t h i n g Ipi, van d l giai phdng ndng dan, thUc hien ngudi cay cd rudng trd thanh nhiem vu quan trpng hang dau Thuc hien chu trUPng cua Dang va Hd Chu tich, Tinh iiy Ninh Binh tiep tuc chi dao cii each rupng dat dpt 4 (1) va phat ddng cii each rudng dat dpt 5 tren pham vi toan tinh Ngay 10-9-1956, hai huyen Nho Quan va Gia Viln da ket thuc dpt 4 cai each rudng dat Bat dau tfl thang 1-1956, bdn huyen : Yen Khanh, Yen Md, Kim Sdn va Gia Khanh phat ddng cai each rudng dat dpt 5 Den cudi nam 1956, Ninh Binh da can ban hoan thanh cai each rudng dat Tinh ehung ea hai dpt eai each rupng dat, Ninh Binh da tich thu, trUng thu, trUng mua 14.872 miu rudng cua dia chii, 4440

m i u rupng cdng dien va 10.255 miu cua cac thanh phan khac, tdng cong la 29.527 miu Sd rudng nay da dUpc chia cho 3859 hd ndng dan thude thanh phan cd ndng, 8611 hd bin ndng va 13.833

hd trung ndng Ngoai ra, trong eai each rudng dat, cd 12.470 hd ban, ed nong dupe chia trau bd va ndng eu, 6.958 hd nOng dan dupe chia nha d (2) Muc tieu "ngUdi cay ed rudng", giai cap ndng dan dupe hoan toan giai phdng khdi ach phong kien, tien Iln dia

vi lam chu d ndng thdn da trd thanh hien thUe tren dia ban toan tinh Dd la thing Ipi to Idn, toan dien va ed y nghia ehiln lUpc, Tuy nhien, cudc eai each rudng dat cung da pham nhflng thieu sdt nghilm trpng nhU : xa rdi sU lanh dao eua cac cap iiy Dang

"Xfl tri sai mdt sd trUdng hpp ddi vdi can bp, dang vien, chien sy

da dupc ren luyen, thfl thach, cd cdng trong dau tranh each mang, trong khi dd dpi ngu cdt can mdi ehUa du trinh dp, nang luc, phim chat each mang dl' thuc hien nhiem vu tiep theo d dia phUOng"

(/) Tu nSm I9S3 Ninh Binh da hit diu thuc hien giam to ko cai each ru^ng dSl d

vung tir do Nho Quan, Gia Vien va mpt phin Gia Khanh

(2) Theo "NhOng su kien lich sii Dang bp Ha Nam Ninh (1954-1964)" Ban Tuyen giao tinh uy Ha Nam Ninh xuSt ban 1990, tr53

19

Dudi su chi dao eua tinh dpi, huyen dpi va cua cac doan uy doan cai each rudng dat, lUc lUdng vu trang Ninh Binh vfla tham gia cai each rudng dat vfla thdng qua dd thUc hien them mdt bUdc cung cd va phat trien dpi ngu Sau hda binh lap lai edn nhieu thdn, xdm khdng cd du kich (thudng gpi la thdn, xdm "trang") nay mdi xdm it nhat cung ed 1 td 3 ngUdi, moi xa cd it n h i t mdt trung dpi du kich Tdng sd can Iw, dpi vien du kich trong tinh phat trien trong cii each rudng dat la 16.804 ngudi (ed 501 can

bd xa dpi, 2261 can bd thdn dpi) Rieng huyen Kim Son trong cii each rupng dat da bd sung 91 can bp xa dpi (cd 28 ngUdi theo dao Thien chua), 394 xdm dpi, 1485 du kich

Cung ed va phat trien du kich trong cai each rudng dat la tich cUc, dung hudng, dung tinh than hdi nghi Tinh iiy md rdng ngay 29-10-1955 da de ra Tuy vay viec chan chinh, cung cd va phat trien dan quan du kich trong thdi gian nay cung cdn thieu sdt, giam sut so vdi thdi ky khang chien Can bd mdi nhieu, nhUng kha nang lanh dao, chi huy va uy tin thip Trong du kich, nhieu ngudi cd quan he ehinh tri khdng td't, cd ea nhflng phan tfl xau-lot vao dpi ngu Nguyen nhan chu yeu la cap cd tham quyen d cd

sd khdng nam vflng tieu chuan vao du kich va ban chat chinh tri cua ddi tuong ket nap, mdi chi nhin vao sU tich cUc b l ngoai eua ddi tupng, hoac thay hp la ngudi cd ngheo, cd khd song khdng thay hp da thoai hda, bien chat vl ehinh tri- Mdt thieu sdt nfla

la : Viec chan chinh, cung ed luc lupng du kich d eP sd trong eai each rupng dat da xfl tri sai mot sd can bd xa dpi, thdn dpi va dpi vien du kich

Tuy nhien, nhflng sai lam eua cai each rupng dat da dUdc Trung Udng Dang va Hd Chu tich sdm phat hien, chi dao sfla chfla kip thdi Dang bp Ninh Binh can cfl vao su chi dao eua Trung

20

Udng da tu phe binh va kien quyet td chflc thfle hien sfla sai bang nhflng bien phap cu the, phu hpp

Cung vdi ket qua sfla sai cua cai each rudng dat, cdng cudc khdi phuc kinh te, phat trien van hda d Ninh Binh den cudi nam

1957 da can ban hoan thanh Nhieu thanh tuu dat dupc da lam phan chan long ngudi : san lupng lua nam 1957 tang gap 2 lan nam 1939 Cac nganh san xuat cdng nghiep qudc doanh, thu cong nghiep va cdng nghiep tu doanh dupc khdi phuc va phat trien Ndng trudng qudc doanh Ddng Giao do lUc lupng bp dpi chu lUc chuyen nganh sang xay dUng sdm ra ddi, vfla cd y nghia kinh te vfla mang y nghia qudc phdng Phong trao ddi cdng san xuat trong ndng dan phat trien soi ndi, rdng khap Su nghiep giao due dupe phuc hdi va phat trien d ca 3 nganh hoc : bd tuc, van hda, phd thdng va v8 long Den thang 12-1956 toan tinh cd 26.278 ngUdi dupc thanh toan nan mu chfl (dat 82,5% ke hoach) ; xa Lien Sdn (Gia Viln) va thi tran Phat Diem (Kim Sdn) dupc thudng Huan ehUdng lao ddng vl thanh tich hoan thanh tdt ke hoach xda nan mu chfl

Theo chu trUdng eua Dang va Hd Chu tich : Dua miin Bic tien nhanh, tien manh, tien vflng chac len chu nghia xa hdi de tao dieu kien thuan loi cho cuoc dau tranh giai phdng mien Nam, thdng nhit da't nUdc, nam 1958, dangbd, quan va dan Ninh Binh thfle hien cdng cudc cai tao xa hdi chu nghia va bUde dau phat trien kinh tl-van hda theo k l hoach 3 nam (1958-1960) De'n thang 12 nam 1960, Ninh Binh da can ban hoan thanh ke hoach

3 nam dung thdi han Toan tinh cd 78.749 hd ndng dan (chiem 88,76% sd hd) tu nguyen tham gia vao 662 HTX ndng nghiep bac thap, trong dd sd hd giao dan vao HTX dat 74%, miin nui dat

21

86%, hd danh ea dat 81% 16 hd tu sAn nhd dupe eai tao H i u het thp thu cdng va nhflng ngUdi budn ban nhd dupe td chflc lai

v a tfl dd, quan he san x u i t mdi dupc thiet lap, che dp bde lot cua dia chu phong kien va ngudn gdc sinh ra bdc lot d nong thon can ban bi xda bd

Cd quan h i s i n xuat mdi, Ninh Binh cd diiu kiln khac phuc

d i n tinh trang lac hau, phan tan cua nin san xuit nhd, ea the

de day manh s i n xuit phat trien, md dudng eho cdng cudc xay dung chu nghia xa hdi

Di liln vdi t h i n g Ipi eua cai tao quan he san xuit, eac ehi tieu ciia ke hoach 3 nam v l phat trien san xuat ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep cd bude tien tUOng ddi toan dien Nam 1960, Ninh Binh trd thanh ngpn cd d i u eua mien Bic ve chan nudi nen da dUpc Chinh phu tang thudng Huan chupng lao dpng hang ba Cac nganh cdng nghiep dia phuong, giao thdng van tai, bUu dien, tai chinh, ngan hang eung phat trien va da ed tac dung phuc vu san xuat Cac cdng trinh thuy Ipi dam bao cho chdng ung, lut, lu va han han bude dau dupe quy hoach Mdt sd cong trinh da nhanh chdng dupe xay dUng va hoan thanh dap flng kip thdi cho san xuat nhu : dap dap NgUa Ldng thudc huyen Nho Quan (tfl 9-1959 den 2-1960); dao sdng Ben Dang de giai quyet nan flng, han cho tren 5000 ha rupng cua hai huyen Nho Quan va Gia Viln (tfl thang 3 den thang 7-1960) Cdng trinh quai de Ian bie'n Cdn Thoi (Kim Son) da dupc td chflc thi cdng nam 1958, Vdi tinh than lao ddng tich cue, hang say, bin bi trong nhieu thang cua hang nghin bd dpi (Sfl doan 355 bd dpi miin Nam tap ket va mdt so

22

don vi khac cua quan dpi) eung nhan dan toan tinh, den cudi nam

1959, cdng trinh to ldn nay da hoan thanh : 720 ha dat phu sa do bie'n Ddng mdi bdi dap trong hdn chuc nam trd thanh ddng rudng

m i u md (1) va nong trudng qudc doanh Binh Minh do quan dpi xay dung Iflc d i u da ra ddi Day la mpt cdng trinh ket hpp kinh

te vdi qudc phdng, vfla cd gia tri md mang dat dai, phat tril'n san xuat (lua, cdi), vfla mangy nghia chinh tri va qudc phdng d mdt vung duyen hai giau tiem nang ve kinh te, xung yeu ve ehinh tri , quan trpng vl quan sU

Cdng tac gifl gin an ninh chinh tri, trat tu xa hpi, dau tranh chdng dich pha hoai cdng cudc eai tao xa hdi chu nghia va phat tril'n kinh te-van hda eung dupe day manh Cap uy, chinh quyln

va cac CO quan chflc nang nhu quan su, cdng an eua tinh da bd nhilu cdng sflc, tri tue vao viec xay dUng, cung cd cd sd chinh tri, , nang cao dan tri ndi ed dong ddng bao cong giao, ndi bi dich chiem ddng lau ngay va cd nhieu ddng bao bi cUQng ep di cU vao Nam Ddng thdi, nhan viec quai de lan bie'n Cdn Thoi, cap uy, chinh quyen tinh va cae huyen Yen Mo, Gia Khanh da dpng vien khich 11 va tao dieu kiln thuan Ipi cho nhan dan xudng dinh cU

d khu vUe Cdn Thoi - Binh Minh (Kim Sdn) Thanh cdng ndi bat tren linh vUc nay la tien hanh ed hieu qua eac dpt khoanh vung tran ap phan dpng d eac vung xung yeu ve chinh tri rna trpng diem la d Khanh Mau (Yen Khanh) nam 1959, d 5 xa ven bien Kim Sdn nam 1960 Nhilu ten phan ddng da bi vach mat va cd lap, mdt sd ten diu sd dupc dieu chuyen di khdi dia ban ehung thao tung Quan ehung nhan dan, n h i t la giao dan dupc phat ddng tu tudng, nhieu ngudi tich cue tham gia dau tranh ngan chan va lam that bai am mUu va hanh ddng pha hoai eua chflng

(/) NSm 1945 nhAn din trong tinh da quai di ISn bien Cdn Thoi OSy la lin thu

2 sau 13 nSm quin va din trong tinh lai quai de ISn bien d vung nay

23

Trong khi tap trung thUe hien ke hoach cAi tao xS hdi chu nghia va phat trien kinh te-van hda nham xay dUng va eung ed qui huong, gdp phin xay dung va ciing cd miin Bac thanh tri cua each mang ca nude, dang bp, quan va dan Ninh Binh ludn ludn hudng vl ddng bao mien Nam ruot thit Hudng flng va phdi hpp vdi phong trao d i u tranh d mien Nam, nhan dan trong tinh

da md cac ddt sinh hoat chinh tri, td chflc mit t ' l h , bie'u tinh de phan ddi cac hanh ddng phat xit cua My-Diem, gfli kien nghi tdi cac td chflc qudc te td cao, lin an tdi ac ciia chung trude du luan the gidi (1) ; ddng thdi, td chflc hanh ddng each mang "vi miin Nam dau thuong va anh dung" tren tat ca cac linh vUc san xuat, cdng tac va hpe tap Tfl 23-01-1960, Tinh uy Ninh Binh da phat ddng phong trao thi dua "vi miin Nam rudt thit-ket nghia Ninh Binh-Bae Lieu" Phong trao dUpc cac cap uy Dang chi dao chat che va nhan dan trong tinh hudng flng nhiet liet Ngay 19-4-1960, Tinh uy chu trUdng tiep tuc tuyen truyln nham day manh nhflng viec lam ket nghia de nang cao long yeu nude va y ehi diu tranh

thdng nhat nUde nha cho nhan dan Tren tinh than do, cac chien

dich cua san xuat trong tinh diu gin vdi phong trao ke't nghia nhu chien dich san xuit Ddng xuan mang ten "Hdn Khoai-Quang Trung" cac hoat ddng chinh tri, van hda, xa hdi mang ten hai tinh ket nghia nhU trudng cap II "Ninh Binh-Bae Lieu" (thude xa Ninh Khanh, huyen Gia Khanh) mang ten tinh kit nghia nhU rap hat Kim Mau, dudng Ca Mau (Kim Sdn), cau Cha La (thi xa Ninh Binh) khu ddng Long Dien (Gia Viln), sdng Vinh Loi (Yin Md), kenh Gia Rai (Gia Khanh)

(I) Rieng dpt dSu tranh phan doi My - Diem tham sat hon 1.000 ddng hao ta d trai giam Phti Loi (ru 20-1 den 15-2-1959) toan tinh c6 tren 20.000 lupt ngudi tham gia mit tinh, hieu tinh phan ddi hanh dpng da man tan bao ciia My-Diim

24

Thue hien ke hoach 3 nam eai tao xa hdi chu nghia, bUdc diu phat trien kinh te, van hda va day manh phong trao ket nghia Ninh Binh-Bae Lieu (1958-1961), dang bp, quan va dan Ninh Binh thudng xuyen dupc Trung uong Dang, Chinh phu quan tam theo ddi, ddng viln khich le Nam 1958, eac ddng ehi Ll Duan, TrUdng Chinh, Pham Van Ddng ve tham

Dae biet, nam 1959, dang bd, quan va dan Ninh Binh het sflc vui mflng phan khdi dupc Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ve tham hai lan Ngay 15-3-1959, Bac ve kiem tra, tham hdi, dpng \aen phong trao chdng han cua nhan dan va bd dpi d xa Khanh Cu (Yen Khanh), Ninh Sdn (Gia Khanh), va ndi chuyen vdi hang nghin dai bieu can bd, chien sy, nhan dan trong tinh tai thi xa Ninh Binh Ngay 12-9-1959, Bac ve nong trudng Ddng Giao tham hdi tinh hinh san xuat va ddi sdng cua anh ehi em can bd, cdng nhan, nhic nhd ndng trudng phai xac dinh dung phUdng hudng san xuat de lam

an cd lai, vfla tu nudi minh vfla gdp phan xay dung chu nghia xa hdi Bac hen nong trudng lam tdt se lai vl tham

De bao ve cong cuoc xay dung mien Bac di len chu nghia xa hdi va hd trp eho cudc dau tranh giai phdng mien Nam thdng nhat dat nUde, thang 3-1957, hpi nghi lan thfl 12 cua Trung uong Dang, hpp ra nghi quyet chuyen de ve xay dUng quan dpi va cung

ed qudc phdng d mien Bic Nghi quyet chi ro : Nen quoc phong

a miin Bdc mang bdn chdt cda chi do xd hoi chd nghia Id nen qudc phong todn d&n, todn diin Vl ugy, nhiim vu xdy dung qudn ddi ud cung cd qudc phong Id nhiem vu cua todn Ddng, todn ddn fa

Thuc hien nghi quyet lan thfl 12 cua Trung Udng, dau nam

1959, tdng quan uy da cd nghi quyet nlu ro dudng ldi quan sU cua Dang va nhflng van d l cd ban vl quan die'm chien tranh nhan

25

dan, ve phUdng cham chien lUpe, ehi dao tac chien va nguyen t i e xay dung quan dpi tien len chinh quy hien dai,

Chi thi 119 cua Ban Bi thu Trung UPng Dang cung nlu ro :

" Ngodi viec phdi ra site xdy dung qudn dgi tien ten chinh quy hiin dgi, cdn phdi ra sue cdng co ddn qudn tu ue, xdy dung luc lugng h&u bi Trin ca sa cda to chuc ddn qudn tu ui, di ddi udi viec phdt trien kinh tevd cong cuoc cdi tgo, xdy dung chd nghia

xd hgi, ticng budc tiin tai quan su hda todn d&n, vu trang hda todn dan" •

Tren cd sd quan triet cac chi thi, nghi quyet ve quan sU eua Dang ddi vdi nhiem vu xay dung quan dpi, eiing cd qudc phdng, phong trao phat trien dan quan tU ve, xay dUng lUe lUpng hau bi

d Ninh Binh dUpc phat dpng soi ndi, rong khip, cudn hut hau hit cac cap, cac nganh, cac doan the tfl tinh den cd sd va toan dan tham gia Cac cap uy ed nghi quyet lanh dao eu the, tich cUe Cac chi bd, chi doan, HTX deu coi viec thUe hien nhiem vu xay dung dan quan tu ve va lUc lUdng hau bi la mpt trong nhflng ndi dung, tieu chuan xay dung "chi bp 4 tdt", "chi doan tien tien", "HTX tiin tien" Ban than dan quan tu vl da biet thdng qua thilc hien cac nhiem vu trung tam cua dia phuong trong tflng thdi ky de xay idling va ren luyen ca vl chinh tri , tu tudng, td chflc va huan luyen nang eao trinh dp ky thuat, chien thuat Do dd, tfl nam 1958-1960, dan quan tU ve va lUe lUpng hau bi Ninh Binh da cd budc tien bp mdi Luc lUpng dan quan dupe cung cd va phat tril'n tren hiu khap cac thdn xdm, ban lang Rilng lUc lUpng tU ve nam

1958 chua ed, den nam 1960, hau het cac ndng tnldng, cdng trudng, lam trUdng va xi nghiep diu ed td chflc tfl ve Hinh thfle

td chflc va biin che dan quan tU ve lien tue ed su thay ddi Nam

1957 vl trude bien che du kich lay xdm lam ddn vi ed sd va tfl dd

26

cd xdm dpi Nam 1958, du kich ddi thanh dan quan nhUng Iai cd dan quan vu trang va dan quan thudng, td chflc theo ddn vi thdn, xdm Nam 1959, dan quan vu trang chuyen thanh dan quan 1, dan quan thudng thanh dan quan 2 (Ij Bien che td chflc theo trung dpi, nhUng hinh thfle ed su tach biet giua nam va nfl, nhfl trung dpi dan quan 1, trung dpi dan quan 2 va trung dpi nfl rieng,

do xa dpi trfle tiep chi huy Tfl nam 1960, de phu hop vdi sU lanh dao cua Dang d ed sd va san xuat cua HTX, dan quan bit diu td chflc thanh dai dpi, trung ddi theo ddn vi hpp tac xa quy m l thdn, hinh thfle bien che lay dai dpi hoac trung dpi hon hpp lam phd bien, trong trung dpi cd tieu dpi dan quan 1, tie'u dpi dan quan 2

va tieu ddi nfl rieng

Viec lanh dao, ehi dao dan quan, tu vl thUe hien hai nhiem vu lao ddng, san xuat va qudc phdng dupe cac cap uy, chinh quyen,

cd quan quan sU cae cap trong tinh dac biet chu y Hudng flng va thong qua phong trao thi dua "Ba nhat" do Tdng cue Chinh tri Quan dpi nhan dan Viet Nam phat dpng, Ninh Binh da ddng vien,

td chflc hang van dan quan tU ve hang hai, soi ndi thi dua lao dpng, san xuat, huan luyen quan sU, tri an, phdng chdng thien tai bao lut, han han va tham gia cac cong tac chinh tri, van hda - xa hdi d dia phUdng

Trong san xuat, hang ngan dan quan, tU vl trong tinh va tieu bieu la dan quan eac xa Gia Hung (Gia Viln), Ddng Phong (Nho Quan), Khanh Cu, Khanh An (Yin Khanh), Yen Thing, Yen

(/) Din quin I: Gdm nhCrng ihanh nien tri khde nhung quin nhin phuc vien,

din quill du k ich khang chien cu cd nhiem vu chien dSu d dia phuong khac hoSc

bd sung cho Quin dpi

Din quin 2: Gdm nhung nam gidi sue khde han che phu nu phu lap cd nhiem v(i: trong chien dSu cd ho phin danh giSc cd bp phin giu gin tri an bao ve nhin din so tan phuc vu chien trudng, bao dam vin chuyen luang thuc siing dan, thudc men cho mil trin

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Nhan (Yin Md) da lap cfla hang gifl nUde trong nui, dap dap Ddi Chudng chfla nude, dao gieng liy nude, khdi ngdi, xd mang

d i n nude va tat nUde ganh nudc chd'ng han cho hang van miu rudng trong san xuat voi ddng

Cung thdi gian nay, dan quan Gia Khanh den gat giup Gia Viln, cflu dupc hang tram miu lua khdi bi ngap ung Tren mat tran thuy Ipi, dan quan trong tinh da thilc hien tdt vai trd chu lUc trong dpt dap de "10 ngay bang 3 thang" do Tinh uy Ninh Binh phat ddng iS-1959» Nam 1960, lUc lupng vu trang da gifl vai trd chu lUc tren cac cdng trinh thuy Idi, dap dap NgUa Ldng (Nho Quan), dan quan chiem 80% sd lao ddng tren cdng trUdng

va da dao dap dupc 5000 met khdi dat, da ; cong trUdng dip dap

Da Han (Gia Viln) dao song Ben Dang (Nho Quan) dan quan du kich eung dat dupc thanh tich eao

Bang hanh dpng thUc te da loi cud'n dupe toan cdng trUdng thfle hien "quan su hda td chflc" va "chien diu hda lao dpng" nen khac phuc dupc nhieu khd khan, dat nang suit cao trong lao dpng Rieng dan quan trong tinh da lam dupc 295.200 m dat sdi

da Huyen Gia Viln liln tiep md cae dpt khoanh vung, dap dap Dan quan trong huyen da phat huy dUpc vai trd, tac dung cung toan dan dUa 3260 miu rupng chiem thanh rupngcay 2 vu Trong phong trao lam phan xanh nam 1960, dan quan, tu vl cd 318 kien tudng lam tfl 3000-4000 can, cao n h i t la chinh tri vien trung dpi dan quan T r i n Oanh (xa Sao Nam-Kim Sdn) lam 23.000 can, dupe vinh du nhan huy hieu Hd Chu tich do Ngudi gfli tang Trin cac mat cai tien ndng cu khai pha ddi d i t hoang, trdng cay gay rflng, trfl sau diet chudt, bao vl mua mang dan quan, tU vl trong tinh cung diu td ro la lUc lUdng ndng cdt, xung kich rat dang tin cay cua dang bp va nhan dan dia phuPng Tu ve ndng

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trudng Ddng Giao cd nhieu cd ging phat huy sang kien cai tie'n

ky thuat de tang nang suat lao dpng Nhilu ngudi trd thanh kien tudng nhu chi Lan (dpi Trai Vong) cit la sa tfl 200 den 500 can trong mdt ngay, anh Cfl dao 94-120 hd trdng cay mpt ngay Viec giao due ehinh tri, huan luyen quan su cho dan quan, tu

vl ed budc tien mdi Nam 1958, chinh huan chinh tri cd 90-95% quan sd tham gia, huan luyen quan su eho dan quan ini trang dat 85% ke hoach Nam 1959, nam dau tien thilc hien phuong cham huan luyen khdng thoat ly san xuat, dan quan Yen Thing (Yen Md) ed sang kien ket hpp huan luyen trong dip dap Ddi Chudng

va gat chilm, dan quan Gia Hung (Gia Viln) ket hpp vdi dao ngdi chdng han, khai pha ddi hoang da kip thdi phd bien trong toan tinh, nen cd 58 xa lam theo, dupe ap dung linh hoat rong rai trd thanh phong trao manh me d h i u khip cae ndi trong tinh Ket qua huan luyen nam 1960 ed 81 xa hoan thanh chUdng trinh huan luyen trong vdng tfl 1 den 3 thang, 30 xa duy tri on luyen thudng xuyen, 100% can bp xa dpi, dai dpi, 94,6% can bd trung dpi va dan quan mot, 78,4% dan quan hai va 88,2% dan quan gai trong toan tinh dupe huan luyen Nhilu xa dat kit qua tdt ea vl sd lUpng va chat lupng, tieu bieu la xa Gia Hung ed 100% quan sd tham gia huin luyen, Juern tra bin dat that dat yeu cau 100%, trong dd ed 75% gidi

Thue hien nhiem vu tri an, san sang chjen dau, dan quan, tu

vl trong tinh da kit hpp chat che vdi cdng an, thudng xuyen t u i n tra canh gac bao ve kho tang, eau dudng, de diiu, bao ve tai san cua HTX va eua nhan dan Trong 3 nam (1958-1960), eung vdi cong an, dan quan, tu vl eua tinh da b i t tren 1760 vu trdm cap ; viec lap ke hoach phdng thu dupc thUc hien bude dau d nhieu nPi; viec ren luyen bao ddng tap hpp lUe lupng va lao dpng kiem tra

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quan sd s i n sang chien dau ciia cap t r i n ddi vdi cap dudi eung dupc chu y tien hanh Cae xa Gia Hung (Gia Viln), Yin Mac (Yen Md), thi xa Ninh Binh, thi tran Nho Quan, thi tran Phat Diem

la nhflng don vi dat thanh tich nhanh nhat (tfl 5-30 phut) khi bao ddng kiem tra

Tren cac mat cong tac van ddng nhan dan vao HTX, di hpe van hda dl* xda nan mu chfl, tuyen truyen cae chu trUdng chinh sach cua Dang va Chinh phu, dan quan tu vl trong tinh cung ed nhieu cd ging ddng gdp xflng dang Ngoai vile phat huy tinh than hang hai di d i u trong phong trao xay dung HTX, dan quan edn tich cue, kiln n h i n van ddng nhan dan, ed ndi cdn mang gao tfl thdn nay sang thon khac d hai ba ngay de van ddng ba eon vao lam an tap the, hoac tfl thdn nay sang thdn khac canh gac, chdng luan dieu tuyen truyen phan ddng de ddng bao yen tam hpe tap chinh sach hpp tac hda ndng nghiep Phong trao hpe van hda cudn hut manh me can bp va dpi vien dan quan tu vl Nam 1958, dan quan da thanh toan xong nan mu chfl trong hang ngu eua minh

da td chflc 61 Idp hpe gflOng miu, 780 can bd, chien sy tham gia lam giao viln, 12.949 dan quan di hpe Nhilu xa cd sd dan quan

va nfl di hpe dat ty le 90-100% quan sd Dan quan Khanh Nhac (Yen Khanh) 7 xa thuoc Gia Khanh va huyen ddi Gia Khanh dupe

Ty giao due Ninh Binh khen thudng v l thanh tich nay,

Vdi phuong cham : "Thdi binh qudn it, thai chiin nhieu quan"

nam 1958, Nha nudc ta quyet dinh giam binh dua 8 van quan thudng true, trong dd ed nhilu ngUdi Ninh Binh trd vl cac dja phUdng lam lUc lupng du bi va tham gia san xuat, xay dung chu nghia xa hpi, Ddt diu nam 1959 ddt tuyen quan diu tiin diin ra vao dung thdi diem dia phUdng dang bi han nang, nhUng dUdi sil lanh dao cua cac cap fly Dang vfla cung cd hang ng^ dan quan

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vfla td chflc di chdng han tap the Ngay san xuat tdi hpe Luat nghia vu quan sU ; chdng han t h i n g ldi, tuyen quan vUdt mfle ylu eau va hang ngu dan quan cung dupe cung ed them mpt bUdc

Do yeu cau va nhiem vu eua each mang quan ddi tien len chinh quy hien dai, lUc lupng bd dpi dia phUdng ciia tinh cd sU bien ddng ldn vl td chflc (1) Thang 3-1959, mpt dai dpi cua tie'u doan 22 dupe chuyen sang lam ndng cdt xay dung lUc lupng cdng

an vu trang eua tinh Sang nam 1960, mdt dai dpi khac cua Tieu doan 22 dUpc Quan khu diiu sang bien che vao Tieu doan 1 bp ddi dia phUdng Nam Dinh, sd cdn lai dupc giao hit cho Su doan

320, Ninh Binh khdng edn bd dpi dia phuong tinh, huyen Cung vdi thing Ipi trong cii tao xa hdi chfl nghia va phat tril'n kinh tl-van hda, nhflng thanh tUu ve xay dung lUc lupng vu tran^

va cung cd qudc phdng d Ninh Binh trong 3 nam (1958-1960) da danh dau sU trudng thanh vUdt bac, dupe Chinh phu tang thudng Huan ehUdng chien cong hang Nhat (1959) Tinh dpi 3 nam lien dupe Tdng cue Chinh tri tang cd luan luu "Tinh dpi kha nhat", dupe 20 tinh tren mien Bic ky ket giao Udc thi dua Dan quan xa Gia Hung (Gia Viln) trd thanh ngpn ed diu trong phong trao thi dua "Ba nhat" cua dan quan tU vl toan miin Bic, dupc Bd Tdng

tu lenh tang thudng Huan chUdng Chien cong hang hai (1959), dupc 10 doan can bp cae tinh miin Bac den tham quan va 300 xa tren miin Bac bat tay giao Udc thi dua Dan quan xa Khanh Cu (Yen Khanh) dUpc thudng Huan chUdng ehiln cdng hang Ba

(/) Trudc thang 7-1954 6(5 ddi dia phuang ciia tinh cd 1 tieu doan (d33) va mdi

huyen cd I dai dpi- Hda binh lip Ipi d33 giai tan vl cdmot dai dpi trudc ciia Ha N()idua vc nay l(ii duoc chuyen trd lai Ha Ndi sd cdn lai Lien khu dieu iv su doan

350 va m(>t It can ft(5 vc cac huyin d0i cua tinh Cac dai dpi ciii huyen van cdn ' nhung den nSm 1957 duac gpp lai thanh d22 bp dpi dia phuang Ninh Binh

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(1959) Dan quan tu vl huyen Gia Viln va thi xa Ninh Binh dupe

35 huyen, thi eua eac tinh bit tay giao Udc thi dua

Nhflng thanh tUu dat dupe la nilm phan khdi, tU hao cua dang

bd, quan va dan Ninh Binh, thiic hien nang cao k h i nang va sflc manh phdng thu dia phUdng, gdp phin phdng thu miin Bac, phat tril'n kinh tl, xay dung chi dp xa hpi mdi - xa hdi chu nghia Thuc hien ke hoach 5 nam

lan thii nha't, tang cuong

sue manh hau phuong, sin

sang chien dau va chi vien

mien Nam

Dudng ldi chdng My, cflu nudc dupe hinh thanh tfl hdi nghi Trung Udng Dang lan thfl 15 (khda II) ngay 13-1-1959, nhan dan miin Nam cd sU hd trp cua mien Bac da phat huy khi the dau tranh chdng dich "td cdng, diet cdng" de gin gifl va tich luy lUc lupng Nam 1960, nhan dan miin Nam da vung lin "ddng khdi" (1) giang mdt ddn nang vao chinh sach thUe dan mdi cua

de qudc My T h i n g Ipi eua "ddng khdi" danh dau bUde phat trien nhay vpt cua each mang mien Nam va pha tan k l hoach ehiln tranh xam lupe cua My bang hinh thfle thong qua cd van va vien trd cho che dp tay sai Ngd Dinh Diem

Ngdy 5-10-9-1960, Dgi hdi dgi biiu todn qudc lan thu Ba cda Ddng dd hodn chinh dudng ldi cdch mgng trong giai doan chdng

(I) "Ddng khdi" d Mien Nam dien ra 2 dot:

-Dot 1: Til ngay 17-1 den 25-1-1960 md diu la tinh Ben Tre

-Dpt 2: Til ngay 24-^ den ngay Mat trin din tpc giai phdng mien Nam ra ddi (20-12-1960) md diu cOng tii Ben Tre

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My, ciiu nudc Do la duang ldi giuang cao ngon ca ddc ldp ddn

toe vd chd nghia xd hoi, tiin hdnh dong thai hai nhiim vu chiin

lugc Id xdy dung chd nghia xd hdi d mien Bac vd tiip tuc cugb

cdch mgng d&n tgc ddn chu nhdn d&n d miin Nam

Quan triet va van dung dudng ldi, nhiem via each mang do dai

hdi Dang toan qudc de ra, dai hpi dai bil'u dang bp toan tinh lan

thfl 8 (3-1961), lan thfl 9 (8-1963) da ed nhflng quyet nghi dung

din, sang tao vl phuong hudng, nhiem vu eu the cua toan Dang,

toan quan va toan dan dia phUdng, Ndi dung xuyen sudt trong

cae quyet dinh dd la : tap trung sflc lanh dao, chi dao eua Dang

va sflc manh eua toan dan, toan quan trong tinh thilc hien thing

loi ke hoach Nha nUde nam thfl nhat (1961-1965), VI quan sfl,

nhflng quyet dinh eua Tinh uy diu tap trung vao vi#c 'Tiip tuc

cdng cdx&y dung luc lugng d&n qu&n tu ui luc lugng h&u bi them

mdt budc uQng chdc ui mgi mat, nhdt Id mat chinh tri, tu tudng

Ra sue ndng cao trinh dd qu&n su theo nhiem vu cda titng dot

tugng, titng viing, nhdm co the ddi phd hieu qud vdi mgi hdnh

dong phd hoai cda dich Nang cao tinh thdn sdn sdng chiin ddu,

tiin thim mdt budc trong uiic qudn ly qudn du bi ddm bdo ki

hogch dong vien luc lugng, ddm bdo san sdng bd sung ctio qu&n

doi trong mgi tinh hudng (1)

Thuc hidn eac nghi quyet cua Dang va ke hoach dai han eua

' Nha nUdc, quan va dan Ninh Binh da hang hai thi dua lao ddng,

s i n xuat lam biin ddi sau sac tinh hinh kinh t l van hda xa hpi

trong tinh,

Co sd san xuat tap the va qudc doanh dUpc xay dung eung ed

va phat tril'n chang nhflng lam thay doi can ban vl quan he s i n

(y; Trich bao cao ki/rf difm rhuc hifn nhiem vu quin su nSm nSm 1963'sd 572

ngay 25-11-1963 cua rInh J^i Ninh Binh

NBLS T-; 33

xuat, xda bd tan gdc ed sd xa hdi eua che dp "ngudi bde Idt ngudi"

md dudng cho lUc lupng san xuat phat trien ma edn cho phep huy ddng den mfle cao nhat sflc ngUdi, sflc eua cung ed sd vat chat ky thuat cho nhiem vu ehiln diu bao ve que hUdng, chi vien tien tuyen

Cung vdi cac bude tien mdi trong san xuit ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep va thu cdng nghiep, cac mat van hda, giao due, y te, the due, the thao cung cd budc phat tril'n nhanh, manh Xa Gia Phong (Gia Viln) trd thanh ngpn cd dau miin Bie vl phong trao van hda quin ehung trong nhieu nam la kit qua tdt dep eua mpt trong nhflng phong trao each mang dil'n hinh d Ninh Binh vao nfla dau thap ky 60

Cdng tac gifl gin an ninh ehinh tri, trat tu xa hdi eung dat nhilu thanh tich dang kl' Thang 9-1960, xa Yin Phong (Yen Md) dupe cdng nhan la la cd d i u phong trao bao vl tri an toan miin Bic Den eudi nam 1964, toan tinh cd 116xa, 17 khu phd thi dua vdi Yin Phong va trd thanh xa, khu phd ed phong trao bao ve tri an kha Xa Yen Phong vin gifl vflng truyen thdng, liln tue 4 nam liln (1961-1964) d i n d i u cae xa t r i n miin Bie

v l bao vl tri an

Phong trao quin ehung nhan dan trong tinh tham gia bio vl tri an da gdp phan rat quan trpng cung lUe lUpng cdng an, quan sfl dau tranh thudng xuyln ket hpp vdi dau tranh tap trung tflng dot, chdng gian diep, biet kich, phan ddng ndi dia va eac phan tfl xau, dat nhieu kit qua Tfl nam 1961-1964, Ninh Binh da chu ddng triet pha 7 td chflc phan ddng va 8 td chflc nhen nhdm phan ddng d cac huyen Kim Sdn, Yin Khanh, Nho Quan va Yen Md, bat 75 tin, tap trung cai tao 69 t i n va cii tao tai ch6 74 t i n

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Vile triet pha eac td chflc phan dpng va dau tranh kiln quyet chuyen ddi nhflng ten dau sd phan dpng khdi ndi hoat ddng cii

da bude dau lam trong sach dia ban xungyeu, tao diiu kiln thuan loi cho ta danh t h i n g dich tfl bin ngoai xam nhap vao

Bude vao ke hoach dai han 5 nam (1961-1965), Ninh Binh da

md cudc van ddng " xay dung dan quan tu vl, quan du bi tiin nhanh, tien manh, tien vflng chic, trd thanh lUe lupng hau bi hung manh ciia quan dpi ehinh quy, hien dai" Dupc cac cap uy Dang lanh dao chat che, cac co quan tinh dpi, huyen dpi lam tham inUu die lUc, cudc van dpng da nhanh chdng loi cudn mpi cip, mpi nganh, mpi doan the chinh tri, kinh t l cua quan ehung va toan dan tham gia Ddi vdi lUe lupng vu trang dia phUdng, cudc van ddng nay eung cd sflc cudn hut manh me can bd, chien sy ra sflc thfle hien phong trao thi dua, ket nghia thi dua "Ba nhat" gianh thanh tich nhieu nhat, diu nhit va gidi nhit

Dl' danh gia thUe chat phong trao thi dua xay dung lUe lupng hau bi eua tinh, dau thang 9-1962, Quan khu uy va Bd tu lenh Quan khu da true tiip ehi dao tinh Ha Nam tien hanh mdt eude kie'm tra ket nghia thi dua tai Ninh Binh, sau khi nghe bao eao tinh hinh chung cua tinh, di kiem tra thUc t l d mdt sd xa thude hai huyen Gia Viln va Yin Khanh, doan dai bieu quan sU tinh

Ha Nam da nhan xet " Phong trao Ninh Binh co ca sd vdng vdng : Ddng Idnh dgo chgt che; cdn bd tich cue hogt dgng, ddn qudn tu vi cd tinh thdn hang hdi hodn thdnh trdch nhiim, nhdn ddn nhiit tinh gidp dd nin phong trao cd nhieu mat phdt trien Tuy trinh dd cd mat so udi yeu cdu chua ddy dd nhung udn de nSl nhdt lii nidi s&n sdng chiin ddu ; con nhQng vdn de tdn tgi ndi

35

ddng chu y gidi quyet Id : Nam thuc luc con yeu, td chiic biin chi ddn quan theo co cdu to chuc kinh te phdt triin chua dugc chgt che, CO noi chua dugcp/iii hap " (!)

Nham day manh hdn nfla "cudc van ddng xay dung dan quan

tu vl, quan du bi" ngay 2-6-1963 tai Kim Son, Ban can sU va thu

trudng tinh dpi md hpi nghi cac ddn \i tiin tien toan tinh, phat

ddng phong trao thi dua phan diu gianh danh hieu "ddn vi til'n tien" va "ddn vi quylt thing" Trai qua 8 thang phat ddng, toan tinh cd 11 xa, 1 tie'u doan, 4 dai dpi, 18 trung dpi va 2 til'u dpi dan quan, tU vl dang ky phan dau xay dUng "dPn vi tien tien",

"dpn vi quylt thing"

Phong trao thi dua Quye't thing da nhanh chdng phat huy tac dung thuc day cac dia phuong, ddn \'i trong tinh thilc hien "cudc van dpng xay dung dan quan tu vl, quan du bi" ngay cang cd kit qua cao, chat lupng tdt Phong trao toan Dang, toan dan tham gia xay dung dan quan tu vl, quan dil bi ed bUde phat tril'n mdi cac ed quan, xi nghiep, nong trudng, lam trUdng, HTX tao diiu kiln thuan Ipi cho dan quan tu ve hpe tap ehinh tri, huan luyen quan su bang nhilu each thich hpp, trong dd cd hinh thfle khoan vile eu the de anh ehi em phan dau hoan thanh vUpt mfle, gianh thdi gian cho hoat ddng quan su, mang Iai hieu qua Phong trao quan chflng nhan dan giup do lUc lUpng vu trang thUc hien nhiem

vu huan luyen quan su cung xuat hien d nhilu nOi, nhU : thp may tiet kiem vai vun de lam day sung va bao phuc, thp mpe tilt kiem

go lam luu dan thp ren tilt Idem sat va hpe sinh nhon nhat sat vun dl* lam chdng sat nhd dd, dan quan tfl vl da tU tue dupe

(I) Trich "Thdng bao chung giira hai rinh Ha Nam va Ninh Binh ve cudc kiem rra ket nghia thi dua xiy dung luc luang hiu bf ngay 64^-1962, in trong cuon "Mpt vinh du mdi c,'- phongrrrto din quin tu kf Ninh Binh nSm 1962'-tlnh d^i Ninh Binh Sn hanh thing 11-1962, trl2-l4

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