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KHOA HOC C 6 N 0 NOHfe d IMHiilVI Salmanella d CAC Dl£lVI G | £ T IVid GIA cAlU QUI lud i\iHd TAI CAC H D Y £ I V IXIGOAI THAIXIH H A IXIOI Nguyen Vilt Khdng'''', Ph^m Thj NgpcS Dinh Xuin Tiing^, Lapar M[.]
KHOA HOC C N NOHfe d IMHiilVI Salmanella d CAC Dl£lVI G | £ T IVid GIA cAlU QUI l u d i\iHd TAI CAC H D Y £ I V IXIGOAI THAIXIH H A IXIOI Nguyen Vilt Khdng', Ph^m Thj NgpcS Dinh Xuin Tiing^, Lapar Ma Lucila^ Fred Ungei' Nguydn Vidt Himg*, Ph?m Diic Phiic* Ph&m Thi NgaSGUbcrt Jeffrey^ vi cic c^ng si T6MTAT Dl dinh gii so bo vd hidn trgng vd sinh thii y lidn quan din nguy co nhilm vi smh v$t thyc phim, da tiln hanh khao sdt phong vin thu thip vi phan tich mSu gia cim vA mdi trudng tai 36 dilm gilt ml gia dm nhd le b khu vi;c ngoai thinh HA NOI Hdu hit di.^m gilt m6 (98% tai nhi vi 100% tai chp) thudc lo?! vd sinh thu y thip theo qui djnh ciia Chinh phu vl v(' sinh thii y doi voi dirm gilt m6 gia cSm Ty Id nhiem Salmonella la 29,296 mSu d nhop, 40.6% d than thjt; 2,9% d nude cip, 80,6% b nude thai, 30,6% d nIn san va 63,9% d dung cy gii^t md Trong sd ddi tugng d^c bi(t quan tim 1^ Salmonella nhi^m than thjt vdi ty Id cao, da phit hidn serotype (SenteritidisvA S.typhimurium) thuf^c nhdm vi sinh vat nguy cogay ngo dpc thyc phim, co ngudn gdc tir gia cim vi d nhilm qui trinh gilt md Cic chCing Salmonella phan lap co dac tinh khang cic lo^i khing sinh th6ng thudng, hAm chiia nguy co phdt tin theo chuoi cung ling thjL Ngudn nude c^p vi nucic thii la nhimg ylu tl nguy ca cao nhit ddi vdi sy d nhilm Salmonella b than thjt Hai khuyin nghi chinh, trudc mat vl cai thidn dilu ki^n vd sinh thu y la (!) cinh bao chu hd kinh doanh vi ngum gilt md vl nguy co nhilm vi sinh vat thyc phim va (ii) cai thi^n vd smh ngudn nude sir dyng ciing nhu xir ly ngudn nude thai Tukh6a;i);i?/n^^i'md; nhiSm Salmonella, dmh type, cbuSi cung ung thi/c phim gia cim ydu td nguy ca % LDATVANDE O vimg ngoai d va ndng thdn Vidt Nam, nhijng "Id md gia cam nhd" (diem giet md gia cam) da phat trien mdt cich tu phat vi hien chu ylu d quy md nhd le Su dau tu trang tliilt bi va dung cu gilt md d nhiing diem gilt md niy da dang va viy dilu kien vd sinh cung rat khac Ld md li mdt mit xieh quan trong chudi thyc pham Dilu kien we sinh kem cd thi la mdt nhung nguyen nhan gay d nhidm vi sinh vat thuc pham, lam cho Id md nhd trd thinh mot khiu yeu nhit chuoi san xuit thuc pham, vi sy d nhidm vi sinh vat ludn chiia dung nguy ca cao truyin lay bdnh tir dpng vit sang ngudi Trdn the gidi, ngd dpc thuc phim nhi^m Salmonella dang li nguy ca de dpa siic khoe cpng ddng d hau hit cac nude phat tnen vi dang phit triln [111, die bidt cac chung Salmonella entem'tidls Gia cam vi san pham gia cam l i ngudn mang mam bdnh Salmonella truyin sang ngudi phd biin nhit [221 Ngd ddc thudng xay a dang d|ch nhd [81, ngudi bdnh cd tridu chung sot, dau bung, ia chay va doi bi ndn [12], [101 Din d i ed hon 3.000 serotype Salmonella dupe phat hi|n, nhidn chi ' Vi?n Thii y, Ha Npi, Vi?t Nam ^ Vi?n Chan nuoi Ha Npi, Vidt Nam ^ Vi?n Nghien ciiu ChSn nuoi Quoc te (ILRI), Hi Npi Vi?t Nam * Tnrdng Dai hpc Y te Cong cpng Ha Npi, Vift Nam 60 cd khoang 250 serotype giy bdnh cho nguoi, tronj dd Salmonella enteriti'dis va Salmonella typhimurim dupe coi li mam bdnh truyin qua thyc pham quan trpng nhat [13] Tai My, moi nim cd khoang76trieii ea bdnh thirc pham, gdm 325.000 ca nhap vi|nva 5.000 ngudi chet, dd Salmonella li mot nhijng nguydn nhan chinh [91, gay thidt hai khoang 1083 tyddla[211 Thuc pham thjt nhidm Salmonella dupe nghien eiiu trdn chudi cung ling thit Ipn Trong chin nuoi, toin dan nhilm Salmonella tir Ipn bdnh sau 24 giff Salmonella tdn t ^ d chit ddn chudng, dat, nuoc d^n -6 tuan tgi Id md [181 T^ii Id mo nhd dHa Npi,tyle nhi^m Salmonella b manh trang Ipn li 52,196, than thjt 95,7% vi nuoc nia thin thjt 62.5% [181 Ddi voi 16 md Ipn duoi 10 mOt ngiy, 100% gilt md bang tay vdi dung cy thd so [141, 89,23% sii dung nuoc gi^ng khoan khdng dupe xii ly, 40% mau thit nhidm E.col va 36% nhidm Salmonella Gia eim v i san pham gia earn thudng lidn quan din cic ca xay le te va eic djch Salmondk b ngudi [71, [161 Cf nude ta, tinh hinh d nhiem Salmonella a chuoi cung iing ga buoc dau da duoc quan tam hi chin nudi g i (U din gilt mo [51 vathit bin tai ehp [21, [31, dd dilu kidn vd sinh kem li nguydn nhan din din thyc phim Iim thdng nhieni Salmonella Mpt s^ nghidn eiiu d i budc dau xic dinh die tinh huyet hpc v i khing khing sinh cu* ' NONG NGHllP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H N - KY - THANG 12/201! j KHOA HOC C O N G N G H | cae Salmonella d nhi^m thuc pham, nhim chi nguy ca bdnh hiiyin liy tir dpng vit sang ngudi [ 171, [4], [61 Vd sinh thuc phim hidn dang l i thich thiic mdi ddi vol siic khoe cdng ddng d Vidt Nam Trong vong nim (2006-2010) tong sd ed 944 d ^ ngd dpc thuc pham, vdi 33.168 ngirdi bdnh va 259 ngudi chit (tai heu Vidn Dinh dudng Qude gia vi UNICEF, 2011) Tuy nhien, thdng tin v l ngudn gdc vi sinh vit cua nhiing dich rat han chi Hidn cd khoang 70% ngudi din sdng b ndng thdn CrCTK-2011) Dong bing sdng Hdng va sdng Md Kdng la nhung viing tip trung ngudi va gia siic, gia cim cao nhat chiu A Lpn va gia cim la nhimg vit nudi chinh, nhidn ehu ylu l i chin nudi nhd le Chudi cung ling thuc pham thit thich hpp vdi su phit trien md hinh gilt mdt nhd le Trong nghidn cim nay, danh gii dieu kien vd sinh ciia cic dilm gilt md d khu vuc ndng thdn eiia mdt sd huydn ngoai thinh Ha '• Ndi, diing Salmonella lim chi thi vi sinh vit de xac ' dinh nhiing ylu td chii chdt anh hudng din d nhidm ' vi sinh vat ddi vdi thuc pham, cung nhu nguy co tilm I tang eua ngudn mam bdnh phat tin qua su tuong tic ' vdi moi trudng Myc dich cua nghien ciiu niy nhim (i) dinh gii ty le d nhidm Salmonella b nhiing dilm giet md quy mo nho vi (ii) dinh gii nhung ylu ^ nguy ca hen quan I den dilu kien vd sinh v i thao tic tai diem gilt md din din su d nhidm Salmonella b thin thit gia cam - Khu vyc nhdt chd md- 36 (1 miu gdp/dilm); nIn sin nhi gilt m6: 36 (1 miu gdp/dilm); - Dung cu gilt md: 36 (1 miu gOp/dilm); - Nude cap (trudc nia gia cam d i md): 36 (1 miu/dilm); nude thai (t?i nai ehiy vio b l chiia); 36 (Imiu/dilm) Tdng sd 900 mau (25 mau/dilm gilt md) dupe thu thip Phirong phip thu thip mSu Theo TCVN 6507-2:2005/ ISO 6887-2: 2003 va ISO 4833: 2003/ TCVN 4884:2005 Phin tich phdng thi nghidm Phin lip SahnoneUa spp theo ISO 6579:2002 Djnh type huylt hpc ciia cic chiing Salmonella phin lip dupe bang phin img ngung kit trdn philn kinh theo Kauf&nann White Scheme [201 Xic djnh kha nang khing khing sinh ciia cic chung Salmonella bang ky thuit Kirby-Bauei-, dinh gii kit qua bing tidu chuan CLSI (Clmical Laboratory Standards Institute, NCCLS), gom '6 nhdm khang sinh (Aminopenicillins, Aminoglycosides, vi Fluoroquinolones), vdi 10 loai lya chpn Ampieillm, Ceftazidime, Gentamicin, axit Nitrofurantoin, Norfloxacin, Nalidixic Streptomycin, Sulfonamides, TetracycUne (theo Td chiic Thii y Thd gidi va thdng bio cua EARS-Net) Phin tich sd lidu Sd lidu dupe nhip vio bing Excel vi duoc phin tich bang su dyng phin mdm STATA 10.1 (StataCorp., College, TX, U S ^ Phuong phip ham udc luong L PHUONG PHAP NGHEN CUU chung (GEE) dupe su dyng cho ea hai md hinh phin Dia dilm nghidn ciiu tich hoi qui logisac don bien v i da biin [151 de hieu Tdng sd 36 dilm gilt md dupe lua chpn ngiu chinh mdi tuoiig quan ndi tai ciing mpt khu gilt nhidn tii danh sach cac dilm gilt md d huydn ngoai md Dau tidn, md hinh hoi qui logistic dan bien dupe (ittianh Hi Ndi, 20 dilm dThudng Tin, dilm d phin tich dk xic dinh yeu td nguy ca lidn quan den jDdng Anh va diem dTii Lidm Trong tdng sd 36 diem than thit nhidm Salmonella, vdi ty suit ty sd ( O ^ va jgiet md ed 20 diem gilt md tai gia dinh va 16 dilm gilt 95% khoang tin ciy (CI) dupe tinh toin Sau dd vdi cic md tai cho Cac diem gilt md cd khoang cich trung ylu td cd OR > 1.2 hoic OR < 0.8 hi kit qua phin tich ibinh den trung tim phd la 18 Km Clhudng Tin), don biin sd dypc dua vao md hinh phin tich hdi qui logistic da bili de xac dinh ylu td nguy ca lidn quan 15 Km (Ddng Anh) vi 10 Km (Gia Lam) din nhilm Salmonella b miu thin thit C& miu v i lua chpn m ^ • K ^ Q U i t V A THAO LUAN Thanh phan v i ea so mau dupe lua chpn theo phuong phap tinh eiia Martin, 1992 [191 Hidn trgjjg vd sinh thii y ciia eic dilm gilt md gia cim qui mo nhd - Ddi vdi gia cim sdng thu thip dich nhdp; gia cam da gilt md, thu thip nude nia thin thit: 360 mau tndi bid (10 mau/dilm gilt mo) Tong sd 36 dilm gilt mo dupe lya chpn v i thu thip sd lidu thdng qua phong van, quan sit v i lay miu d l phin tich vi khuin Xip hang dinh gii dua NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H N - KY - THAN© 12/2012 61 KHOA HOC CdNO NOHt vao Thong hi so 61/2010/Tr-BNNPTNT- Qui dinh diSu kien vS sinh thii y ddi vdi cic di^m gift md gia c ^ Kdt qua dupe trinh biy d bing Bing 1: Kdt qui dinh gii hi^n trimg vd sinh t^ii cic didm gidt m6 Xdp hang Didm Ridt md Ria dinh Didm Rii't md tai chgr 0%0/16 Tdt 0% (0/20) 0% 0/16 10* (2/20) IQli 100% (16/16) 90* (18/20) Kem Kdt q u i xdp hang vS sinh thii y o 36 didm gidt md nho cho thiy (i) Ididng cd didm nio dat lo?i tdt; chi cd KW (2/20) sd didm gidt md tai gia dinh dat loai k h i vi sd cdn lid: 90% (18/20) didm gidt md tai gia dinh vi 100% (16/16) didm gidt md o chp'ddu cd didu kien ve sinh gidt md kdm Khdng c6 didm giet md nio thirc hien tdt v^ sinh gidt md Ty 1^ nhidm Salmonella /> didm gidt md gia cim Kdt q u i phan tich phdng thi nghiem vd sir cd mat cua Salmonella a 900 mau thu thip tir ddi tuong mau khic tai didm gidt md dupe trinh biy cr bang Bing Ty 1^ nhidm Salmonella b ddi tupng miu tai didm gidt md gia cAm Sd lirong % duong tinh Loai miu TT 29,2 360 Dich d nhdp Rua than thit 40,6 360 30,6 36 Chudng nhdt chd md 63,9 Nen nha gidt md 36 Dung cu 22,2 36 Nuoc cung cap 2,9 36 Nuoc thai 80,6 36 Ty Id nhidm Salmonella spp d mau djch d nhdp la 29,2%, miu nia thin thit gia eim l i 40,6%; khu virc nudi nhdt chd gilt md: 30,6%; nIn n h i gilt md: 63,9%; dyng cy gilt md: 22,2%; nude miy li 2,9%, vi nude thai: 80,6% - Ddi vdi gia cam sdng thu thip dich nhdp ehi phit hidn 29,2% nhilm Salmonella, ngupc lgi da eiia gia cam da md ed ty Id nhidm 40,6% cao hon so vdi gia eim s^ng Kit qua niy cho thiy, ty 1| nhilm cao han l i bi d nhilm qui trinh gilt md - Nhu vay, qui trinh gilt mo khdng lim "sach" va lam giam nhidm Salmonella b than thjt, m i ngupc lai cd thi ting q u i trinh gilt mo Nhiing nghidn ciiu trudc day cho bill liy nhidm cheo xay die bidt qui trinh nhiing nude, lam Idng, mo lay long vi chit ed cinh [71, [ 161 cic dilm gilt ra6 d i khao sit, ga dupe vit Idng vi mo true tilp trdn 62 nIn xi ming, khdng ed sy cich ly rd rang giira khu vuc lim Idng v i moi rudt ndn khdng thi trinh du?c nhilm vi khuin vio thin thjt - Trong chudi sin xuit cung ling thit ga, kit qui nhilm Salmonella ting q u i trinh gidt m6 c6 thi l i nguydn nhin g6c din din ty l^ nhiem Salmonella t^i eic miu g i bin t ^ chp- tai Hi N^i (cdng h6 trudc diy: 48,9% tgi cie chp bin le [31), Tuong tu, t ^ chp' vi sidu thj d phd Hd Chi Minh 53,3% miu gia cim nhilm Salmonella [23] a Serotype cua cic Salmonella nhiim tai dim gidt md gia cim Hinh 1: Phin b^ cic type huylt Salmondkt nhiSm t^i dilm gilt m,6 Kit qua dinh type 120 chiing Salmonella phan lap tgi cie dilm gilt md (N = 120:80tirmiuruathanfliitva 40 hi d(eh nhdp) dupe trinh bay bilu dd hinh cho thiy: phin chii ylu serotype Salmonella lii^ theo thii h/ gom- Sal Albany (37,50%), Sat Scbwarzengrun (15.00%), Sal Derby (12,50%), SaL Typbimurium (11,67%), Sal Shalkwijk (6,61%), Sd Enteritidis (6,67%), Sal Agona (5,00%) vi Sal Hadar (5,00%); c6 miu hi|n chua xie djnh serop^ (5,00^) Dilu die bidt ding quan tim l i su cd mat dia S.typhimurium vi S.enten'ti'dis Diy la hai s e r o ^ Salmonella thupc nhdm nguy ca cao giy ngo doc thyc phim (cdng bd trudc diy [31, t^i cic chpbtole ed phit hidn Sal typhimurium a miic 15,8%, nhung khdng thiy ed Sententidid)Nhiing kit q u i b bang vi dinh xerotype dhinh canh bio nguy co tilm an v l ngd ddc thuc pham d nhilm vi smh vit q u i trinh gilt mo, 40,636, thin thit g i nhidm SahnoneUa, dd cd serotype c6 nguy ca eao v l ngO ddc vi sinh vit thuc pham b Ydu td nguy ca dan den than thit gia ck nhidm Salmonella Kit q u i phin tich hoi qui logistic da biin gii** cie ylu x6 tilp xiic vdi gia c i m q u i trinh gi^ NONG NGHliP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G T H N - KY - THANG \2I70 KHOA HQC C N NOHt nd vi bidn sd ty 1$ nhidm SahnoneUa a miu rira thin hit gia cim dugc trinh biy a bing Bing 3: TUong quan cic ydu td lita quan ddn fliin thjt gia dim nhidm Salmonella Than thit {Nhilm Sal.) 95% CI P'Value Odds Ratio 064 nhop (nhidm Sal) 0.39-1.06 0.08 Ngudn niroc (6 nhidm Sal.) 6.84 1.59 - 29.5 01 1.25 Niroc thai (6 nhidm Sal) 42 0.72-2.17 0.80 0.47 -1.36 41 Ngudn niroc (nuoc may so voi nuoc khac) 0.74 Diem giet md gia dinh so 0.48 -1.14 0.17 vol a cho Trong dilu kidn vd sinh kem, dii l i md gia cam tai nha hay d chg miic d nhidm Salmonella thin thjt gia cam la tuong duang Bilu dd d hinh cho thay cie chting Salmonella cd kha ning khing doi vdi nhung khing sinh thdng thudng vdi tin sd khic (theo thii tir): Streptomycin (84,44%), Tetracycline (82,22%), Ciprofloxacin (35,56%), Norfloxacin (35,56%), AmpiciHin (62.22%), Nalidixic axit (62,22%), Trimethoprim (80.00%), Ceftazidime (33.33%), Gentamicin (33,33%), Nitrofurantoin (33,33%) Vdi ty Id d nhilm b thin thjt eao cac SahnoneUa khing khing sinh trd thinh ngudn lan truyin dac tinh khing thudc mdi trudng vi din ngudi tidu dung theo chudi phin phdi thi gia edm N KET LUAN Hiu hit eic dilm gilt md gia dinh (98%) va tai chp (100%) d khu vyc ngoai d (dilm giet md nhd le) Tuong quan hoi quy da bien cho hai lo?ii tuong diu thupe loai vd sinh thii y kem theo qui dinh ciia quan chit che: d nhidm thin thit va ngudn nude (OR Chinh phu vl vd sinh thii y ddi vdi cic dilm giet md 6.84, 95% CI 1,59 - 29,5 tai p=0,01; vdi nude thai OR gia cam Ty Id d nhiem Salmonella spp a than thit li 1,25,95% CI 0,72 - 2,17 tai p=0.42i 40,6%, d nhdp: 29,2%, long nudi nhdt: 30,6%, dyng cy: Khic vdi nhin xet vd kha ning d nhidm 22,2% dat: 63,9% nude thai: 80,6% va nude may: qua trinh gilt md tilp xiic long vdi thin ga vit 2.9% Kit qua djnh type huyet hoc xac nhan su Idng, phan tich tuong quan vdi dyng cy giet md, nIn cd mat eiia S.entehtidis va S.typhimurium, thupc la khdng cd y nghia thdng kd Vdi nhimg sd lidu da nhdm cd nguy ea gay ngd ddc thyc pham cd ngudn thu thip dupe din thdi diem hien tai, ngudn nude v i gdc tir gia cam giet md nude thai dupe coi nhu la mdt cic yeu td quan Ngudn nude v i nude thii li nhimg yeu td •trpng lidn quan din d nhidm Salmonella, a than thit nguy CO cao ddi vdi su d nhidm Salmonella b thin gia cam Phin tich tirong quan niy chi kha ning thit Cac chiing Salmonella d nhilm d than thit cd cai thien ngudn nude v i xir ly nuoc thai l i khiu thiet k h i nang khang ba nhdm khang sinh thdng thudng yeu trudc mit lim giam ty Id d nhidm vi sinh vat ddi (AminopenicilUns, Aminoglycosides, vi vdi than thit Fluoroquinolones) d tan xuat cao, cd nguy co phit ' c Khing khing sinh cua cic chiing Salmonella tan eao theo chuoi phan ph6i thit Kit qua kiem tra 120 chung Salmonella phan lip tai cie dilm gilt md gia eim (N = 120: 80 tir miu nia than thit vi 40 tir dich nhdp) ve kha ning khang nhom khing sinh vdi 10 loai khang sinh lya chpn i theo khuydn cab eiia CIE dupe trinh bay d hinh In Mia cia •aTwcgpn / / / / / / / / / / Hinh 2: Tin sd khing khing sinh ciia eic chung SahnoneUa d nhi&n t?i di^m gilt m6 D l cai thidn dieu kidn vd sinh d nhung diem gilt m6 nhd le, truoc hit chii kinh doanh vi nhiing ngudi lam vide tai diem gilt md can biet cd nguy ca ciia rui ro d nhidm vi sinh vit thyc phim, dd xu ly ngudn nude cip va thai la ylu td then chdt n h i t Cin tilp tyc phin tich Xic dinh mdi tuong quan giiia d nhidm vi sinh vit v i cie yen td kinh te xa hdi nhim lam sing td nguon gdc cua su d nhidm vi smh vit vi lan truyin ylu td hoat ddng kinh t l - x i hdi, cung cap ea sd khoa hpc cho nhimg bidn phip som hoan thidn dilu kidn vd smh gilt md mot each toin di^n hon d khu vyc gilt md nhd Ldicimt^ Nghidn cdu dupe td chuc ILRI vi Bd Ndng nghidp va Phit trien Ndng thdn tii tra ndi dung hpp tic vdi trudng D^ Hpc Chiing Mai JONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY - THANG 12/2012 m KHOA HOC C N NOHt Thii Lan, vdi sir tham gia cia tip thi cin bo nghiin cuu ciia Vien Thii y, Chi cifc Thii y thinh phi Hi Ndi, ciing cic chuyin gia cia Viin Chin nudi Vift Nam, Trudng Dal hoc Y ti Cdng cing Hi Nil, Vi^n Nghien cuu Chin nudi Quie ti (ILRI) TAI I f U THAM KHAO Trin Thi H?nh, DjngThi Thanh Son, NguyJn Ti^n Thinh, 2004 Ty le nhif m Salmonella spp, phin Xif.AmhtypS.typhimurium S.enteritidisbgit^imt/t so trai gifing goc cic tinh phia Bic Tgp chi Khoa hpc Ky thuit Thuy 11,2 27-34 Luu Quynh Huong, Trin Thj Hanh, 2005 Ty le luu hinh cua sakiionella tren thit g i thu thip tir cic chgr bin le tren dia bin H i NOi Tap chi Khoa hpc K y t h u i t T h u y l , 50-54 treats-Canada and Washington state, 2005 Can Commun Dis Rep 32,15*155 (2006) ,,; CDC, 2006 Multi-state outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium mfecUons associated wU eating ground beef United States, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 10 CDC, 2012 Human sahnpnellosis associated with animal-derived pet treats United States and Canada, WR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 11 CPX, L A., Jr & Ricci, P F., 2008 Causal regulations vs political will: why human zoonotic infections increase despite precautionary bans on animal antibiotics Envirpn Int 34.{4):459.-75 12 Flores, J P., Medrano, S A Sanchez, J S., & Femandez-Escartin, E., 2011 Two cases ol hemorrhagic diarrhea caused by Cronobacter Liru Quynh Hirong, Trin Thj Hanh, Fries sakazakii in hospitalized nursing infants associated Reinhard, Pawin Padungtod, 2006 Kfit qui dinh typ with the consumption of powdered infant formula J cic chiing SahnoneUa phan lip tir thjt g i trdn dja bin Food Prot 74 (12.) 2177- 2181 Hi Noi Tap chi Khoa hpc Ky thuit Thii y 13.1 5*53 13 Hendriksen, R S et al 2011 Global Le Bas, Tran Thi Hanh Nguyen Tien Thanh, monitoring of Salmonella serovar distribution irom Nguyen Binh Minh, L Bily, A Labbe, M Denis, P the World Health Organization Global Foodbonie Pravalo, 2007 Phin tich dich te hpc vi khuan Infections Network Country Data Bank; results of SahnoneUa enterica a thit lpn qui trinh giet mo quality assured laboratories from 2001 to 20O7 a Viet Nam bang phuong phip dinh typ huy^t Foodbome Pathog Dis (8):887- 900 va dien di tnrang xiing Tap chi Khoa hpc Ky thuit Thii y 14,6 3345 Vo Ngpc Bio, M N Kyule, R Fries vi M P O.Baumann, 2006 Tinh hinh nhiem Salmonella trdn thin thit ga tai cac 16 giet mo gia cam Thinh Ho Chi Minh Tap chi Khoa hpc Ky thuat Thii y 13,2.31-36 DO Ngpc Thiiy, Cu Hihi Phii, Koichi Takeshi, Van Thi Huong, Le Thi Minh Hing, Nguyen Xuin Huyen, Au Xuin Tuan, Tran Vi^t Dung Kien, Nguyen Thi Thu Hing, Pham Bio Ngpc, Dao Thj Hio, Vu Ngpc Quy, Eiki Yamashaki, Spu-Ichi Makinp, 2009 Ty le va mpt sd die tinh cua vi khuin Salmonella spp phin lip tir thit tiroi bin tren thj truong H i Npi Tap chi Khoa hpc Ky thuit Thii y 16, 25-32 Bryan, F L & M R Dpyle, 1995 Health Risks and Consequences of Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni in Raw Poultry Journal of Fopd Protection 58,326-344 CCDR An international outbreak of human salmonellosis associated with animal-derived pet 64 14 Hiep Do Van 2007 Survey on animal slaughtering activities and microbiology contamination in pig meat in some slaughterhouse in Quoc Oai district Ha Tay province Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hanoi University of Agriculture Master Thesis 15 Hosraer D W & Lemeshow S., 2O00 Applied Logistic Regression Wiley series in probability and statistics New York John Wiley & Sons Inc, 223-259 16 Humphrey T., 2000 Public health aspects of Salmonella infection Salmonella in Domestic Animals CABI Publishing 245-262 17 Isenbarger D W et al 2002 Comparative antibiotic resistance of diarrheal pathogens from Vietnam and Thailand, 1996-1999 Emerg Infect Dis (2) 175-180 18 Le Bas C Tran T H Nguyen, T X, DaiU, D T , & Ngo, C T Prevalence and epidemioloiy "I SahnoneUa spp in small pig abattoirs of Haum NONG NGHIfP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G T H O N - Kt - THANG 12/2012 KHOA HOC C O N G N G H | Vietnam Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006.Oct.; 1081.:269.72.1081 269-272 (2006) 21 Nyachuba, D G 2010 Foodbome illness: is it on the rise? Nutr Rev.; 68 (5):257-269 19.MartinS.W ShoukriM.,&'niorbumM.A, 1992 Evaluatmg the health status of herds based on tests appbed to mdividuals Prev VeL Med 14.33-43 on 1.11 O D D c I mil A^ A 20 Murray P R, Baron E J Pfaller M A., Tenover F C & Yolken R H., 1999 Manual of Clinical Microbiology: Ihe Kauftman and White classification scheme 7th ed.Washington, D C ASM Press 22 Selbitz J.-H Das 1995 Salmonellen p^^yem Gustav-Fischer Verlag Jena-Stuttgart 23 Van, T T., Moutafis G., Istivan, T., Tran L „ „ „ , T & Coloe P J 2007 Detection of Salmonella spp ' " ' • ^ ^ ' ""^ ^""^^ ^ ^ P ' ^ ^ ^^m Vietnam and characterization of tiieir antibiotic resistance Appl, Environ Microbiol 73.(21):6885-6890 HYGIENIC PRACTICES AND MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF SMALL - SCALE POULTRY SLAUGHTER HOUSES AT PERI - URBAN AREAS OF HANOI, VIETNAM Nguyen Viet Khong, Pham Thi Ngoc Dinh Xuan Tung, Lapar Ma Lucila, Fred Unger, Nguyen Viet Hung, Pham Due Phuc, Pham Thi Nga.Gdbert Jeffrey et all Summary To understand the overall of current vetennary hygiene situation concerning microbiological contamination of food, we have conducted a survey, interview, collecting and analyzing samples denved from poultry (ahve and carcasses), slaughter environment of 36 small slaughter houses in the rural area of Hanoi Almost all small slaughter houses (98% indoor and 100% at the bazaars/day-market) in the lowest veterinary ranking according to the government cntena The rate of Salmonella contaminaUon was 29.2% for the cloacal swab, 40.6% for carcasses, 2.9% for nnse water, 80.6% for waste water, 30.6% for slaughter floor and 63.9% for tools Among the isolates from the most noticeable contamination carcasses, it was important to note that there were present of serotype (S.entenddis and S typbimurium) that belong to the high risk group of food poisoning, originated from poultry during slaughtering processes The Salmonella isolates had the antimicrobial resistance properties to most common antimicrobials, readily spreading along with the poultry meat cham Water source and waste were both the highest nsk factors leading to the Salmonella contamination for carcasses There were two main recommendations to improve the hygiene condition at the time bemg which were (i) to make awareness of high nsk of bacterial contammation to the ovmers and butchers, (li) improve the quality of water source as well as the waste treatment * Keywords.' Small-scale slaughterhouse Salmonella contamination, serotyping antimicrobial resistance poultry food chain production, nsk factor Ngtroi phan b i ^ : TS Nguyen Ngpc Nhifin Ng^y nhan bai: 7/11/2012 Ngiy thong qua phan bi^n: 3/12/2012 NgAy duyet dang: 11/12/2012 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H N - KY -THANG 12/2012 65 ... miu gia cim nhilm Salmonella [23] a Serotype cua cic Salmonella nhiim tai dim gidt md gia cim Hinh 1: Phin b^ cic type huylt Salmondkt nhiSm t^i dilm gilt m,6 Kit qua dinh type 120 chiing Salmonella. .. nude thai: 80,6% - Ddi vdi gia cam sdng thu thip dich nhdp ehi phit hidn 29,2% nhilm Salmonella, ngupc lgi da eiia gia cam da md ed ty Id nhidm 40,6% cao hon so vdi gia eim s^ng Kit qua niy cho... Kit qua niy cho thiy, ty 1| nhilm cao han l i bi d nhilm qui trinh gilt md - Nhu vay, qui trinh gilt mo khdng lim "sach" va lam giam nhidm Salmonella b than thjt, m i ngupc lai cd thi ting q u i