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SCIENCETECHNOLOGYl NHIEM Nl/dfCMATTa NGUON DIEMVA NGUON MAT TRONG KHU Vl/C NOI THANH HA NQI SURFACE WATER POLLUTION FROM POINT AND NON-POINT SOURCES IN THE DOWNTOWN OF HANOI Pham Van Quan ngap lut Ngap lut thudng xuyen dien Tom tdt gay cinh hUdng den ca sd tang, He thong song, ho cr Ha Noi dong vai tro rat quan doi vdf moi trifdng Chung khong nhiing tao nen nhijlig canh quan dep, mgt net dac m ^ g khong the thieu dugc cua thu Ha Ngi ma co vai tro Idn tfong h@ thong thoat va xQ' ly nudc thai, nuoi th^ ca, di^u hoa vi hau; la nai bao tdn sif da dang sinh hgc, noi nghi ngoi va vui chdi giai tri cho ngUdi dan khu vifc Mac dii da cd he thong thu gom nudc thai nhung hau het nudcth^l sinh hoat khong dtfcrc xilly ma t h i i tn/c tiep he thdng ao ho, kenh, mifcmg thoatnudc gay onhiem nudc mat cho khu vu'c noi Ha Noi.fiedanh gia mile doonhiem nudc mat nguon diem va nguon mat, mau nudc diioc thu thap va phan tich trang nam 2007 va 2008 giao thdng, mdi trudng va sdc khde ngudi He thdng thoat nudc chung duoc sCr dung bien khu vUe ndi thanh, nude mua ehay tran va nUdc thai sinh hoat dugc thu gom cung bdi mdt he thdng cdng va hoat ddng theo CO ehe t u chay (Anh N.V, 2005) Mdt K@t qua quan tik cho thay mi)c nhiem he thong thoat nifdc tai Ha Not da vucrt quy chuan Viet Nam danh cho nguon nude mat Phuong phap phan nhdm d nhiem da ducrc sil dung de danh gia mdc dd nhiem tai cac diem quan trac qua cd eac bien phap xO'ly, quan ly phit hop dae diem ndi bat he thdng thoat nudc tai day la cd su tham gia cua he thdng ao hd bao gom khoang 70 hd Ket qua phan tich cung cho tiily miJa mUa, nudc mUa chay tran kha d nhiem, dac biet la cac thong sdvi sinh nhuTdng Conform vaE.coli, Mdc d66 nhiem cdtheso sanh vdi nude thai sinh boat chua dugcxil ly va nddc tai mot so sdng nhiem trang khu vUc nghien cdu t u nhien hoac nhan tao, chiem khoang 15,2% dien tich, vdi chuTc nang nhu hd chiira Cd the ndi Ha Ndi la phd Tir khda; Ka Ngi, nguon diem, ngudn mat he thong thoat nudc, nudc mat cua ao hd nhiem tai cac eon kenh, muong Abstract thoat nude eua Ha Ndi da va dang t r d Lakes and rivers form a holistic system which plays many important environmental roles in the life of Hanoi dty such as a part of sewerage and purification system, fish forming, regulating microdimate, supplementing groundwater, recreafional areas, biodiversity conservation and so on Although a combined sewerage system functions in the downtown of Hanoi, almost all wastewater is not treated and directly discharged into water bodies such as lakes, ponds and rivers Water samples were collected both in dry and wet seasons in order to investigate the surface water pollution and to evaluate pollutant removal capacity of lakes in contributing for storage runoff water and wastewater nen nghiem trgng Hau het he thong cdng khdng dugc cai tao va m d rdng de dap dng vdi nhu cau dd thj hda Them vao dd, d nhiem tai cac sdng tiep nhan nUdc thai cua Ha Ndi khien cho cac khu vUc xung quanh khdng the sCr dung ngudn nudc tham chi eho The monitroing data showed that surface water quality exceeded the Vietnamese standard Cluster analysis gave insight in evaluating the similarity of surface water quality to those of untreated and treated wastewater in sewage water treatment plant mye dich tudi tieu (Cau, 2007) Hau het cac cda xa t d he thdng thoat nude Ha Ndi la eac ngudn diem Keywords: Hanoi, point source, sewerage system, surface water gay d nhiem eho nudc mat ca dieu kien cd hay khdng ed mUa Nguon TS PhamVan Quan Vu Phattrien ngufin nhan lire, B6 CongThirong Email: quanpv@moitgo«.vn Ngaynhanbai: 22/01/2014 Ngay chap nhan tflng: 26/3/20U diem tU he thdng cdng thoat nudc cd the coi la ngudn gay d nhiem vi sinh Idn nhat (O'Keefe, 2005; Gordon, 2005) 1.GldlTHl£U Ha Ndi, thu 1000 nam tudi, cd dan sd vao khoang 7,1 trieu ngildi (2013) He thdng thoat niidc eu, thieu Ben eanh do, ngudn mat, ngudn ddng bd va dia hinh kha bang phang gay d nhiem nudc mUa chay tran lam cho Ha Ndi de bj tac dong bdi cung cd the coi nhu mdt cac So21.2014•TapdiiKHOAHOC&CONGNGH^ umamaacoNGNGHE C'-i'-'^ Bang I.Vitricac diem lay mau ,„ sit s g ID 11 E Vidg l l n h 3a K«hleu R-KN 2IJWB93 R-MD a-iR R-V6 I 20S9601 21.011 H 2098974 10583070 105 84350 I 2103696 2100872 105 806(0 X 10581410 105 86330 J 105B4340 I R-VS L-7Uin 20 95761 21 PI 435 [)iu[a,hiUvMau DSuvJo.hoBjMSu l-3Min 21 02163 21 01557 105.83874 L-TOoul L-ND in 21.01854 105 84720 105 82903 l-NDoul L-LQou( l-TNl gut 21018S3 105 82954 105 83370 L-IN2ou( L-WLin 21 0030S 21 04374 5-TDT 2103346 S-LO S-MB 21 03333 2102440 Oiuta.hoB^MSu IS 16 17 IS 19 Oiu[j,)icIhifiiauBiiq DJu via, hf Nam Dong SJu IB, ho Ham Ddng Oiu la, hi linh Quang Oju ra, hd Ihinh Nhin Sliura.hd Thanh Nhan2 DJuvinhiTiv 20 21 22 M n g Tin M Thing Q uiing Li DuJn 23 DUimg N Luong BSnq 8/2007 24/2008 21 02091 2100099 "«.M 8,10/2008 N ^"="J =— X.'"™" vJ mJ^& t > ô I > -,Ơã m, ""jicS-.o, >'"• /r X i i • \s3_J^ X 10585670 105 85750 105 83460 105 33639 Ij r 105 S3759 105 34720 LTD in IJ 3/2007 105 85980 105 36220 TrjmbomVinSi.sinqrolidi {lJiivli),hiBi«h1Sii Muamifa Mua kho ?=;:— ^^^^ Thm diem thu mau Tosas N 105 83193 105 84000 X 10582765 X "^« ~^^^i.=r>-%ljl Hinh Vj tri lay mau de danh gi^ chat Ghi chu: (R sdng;L: Ho, S: DUdng) \m^ "^'^'^ '^^ ^'^ ^^^' " " ^ kho, nam 2007 B k g Ket qui piian tich nudc thai dau vao tai nha may xir ly nudc thai True Bach Dau vao Thong so COD (mg/Ll SS(mg/l.| T-P (mg/Ll T-N (mg/L) Chi tieu thiet ke Ngay thuimg Ngay cuoi tuan (27/3/2008) (28/3/2008) 196 364 8,3 81 222 531 5,7 37 E.coll{MPN/IOOmU 3,4.10* 3,3.10' TangColiform{MPN/100ml) 2,5.10' 11,2.10' Dau vao Daura 225 180 40 35 20 15 lO'-lC 2.10" (-) khdng cdsdlieu ngudn gay d nhiem chinh lam chosuy thoai chatlUdng ngudn nude tiep nhan (Marsaiek, 2004; IVIichael and John, 2008; Mingteh, 2004) Khi cd mUa Idn, ca nudc th^i va nudc mUa chay tran deu ed the vao he thdng ao hd, sdng ngdi cua Ha Ndi he thdng thoat nudc khdng du kha nang dap Ung cho nhu cau hien tai Mdt sd tac giS da chi mUc d nhiem nudc mat tai Ha Ndi ve mat hdu CO (Ha, 2005), nhien d nhiem ve khia canh vi sinh va d nhiem ngudn mat hau nhu chua dUcfc de cap Trong bai bao nay, tac gia da thu thap m l u nudc tai cac ho, sdng, nudc mUa ehay tran ca dieu kien thdi tiet cd va khdng cd mUa nham muc tieu nghien cdu: Ngudn diem gay d nhiem t d he thdng thoat nUdc; Ngudn mat gay d nhiem ed mua; Phan nhdm d nhiem tai cac diem quan trac de thuan tien cho edng tac quan ly, xCf ly d nhiem 0 Tl/pNG VA PHUONG P H A P NGHIEN CCTU 2.1 Lay mau trongrnCiakho 2.1.1, nhiim n&dc mat mua kho Thu mau nUde de danh gia tong the chat luong nudc mat cua Ha Ndi duerc tien hanh thang 3/2007, Vj tri cac diem thu mau duoc the hien 601 Tap diiKHOA HOC&CONG NGHE S b^ng va hinh Luu vUc S1-L1,dau ngudn cua sdng LCf va sdng Set diicfc lua ehpn de danh gia mdc tac ddng den chat luong nUdc mat t d h^ thong thoat nudc Thiet bi hien trUdng duoc sd dung de pH, DO, cdng cu m-ColiBlue24 Broth ducJc sCf dung de dem ddng thdi tdng coliforms va Escherichia coll (E coli) Chat liiflng nudc duac so sanh vdi quy ehuin Viet Nam danh cho ngudn nUdc mat (QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT) {bSng 2) Do muc dich ngudn nudc mat khdng duac sd dung cho muc dfch cap nudc nen loai A2v& Bl dupc sd dung de so sanh 2.1.2 Phan nhdm cdc nguon gdyd nhiem ni/cfc mat Tac gia da thu mau dau vao tai nhi may xCr ly nudc thcii Trdc Bach 24 gid, Cei thudng va cudi tuSn de lam can edso sanh, ket quS dUdc trinh bay b^ng Chat lUong nUdc t^ cac diem quan tr^c se dUcfc so s^nhvdi mau nUdc tai nha maylruc Bach de eho ta thay mdc dp d nhiem tai c^c dilm De phan nhdm mdc dd d nhi^m, SCIENCETECHNOLOGYl Hinh 2.Thcfi diem thu mau cac tran mUa Nl*6ch6 TQOVHOi lo I M >5 nfl • ''•"•"™ "" QCVN DB, Bai B1,3Qm9IL NlrAc ho |:;'r'"-| sr—'™"™«,»,I„.»!C ^ Hinh Chat li/ffng nUdc mat so sanh vdi QCVN 08:2008/6TNMT ket qua quan trie dupc chuan hda, so lieu coliform dupc chuyen dang logarit va sCf dung phuang phap Ward de phan nhdm (Cluster analyis) Sau so sanh, mdc dd tUPng dong cCia chat lirpng nudc tai cac diem quan trie so vdi nudc thSi cd the coi la mdt chi sd ve mdc d nhiem va cd the sd dung cdng tac quan 1^ 2.1.3.6 nhiem dieu kien th&i tietcom&a Vdi muc tieu danh gia ngudn mat giy nhiem, mau nUdc dupc thu thap lan dieu kien trdi mUa, thang 8/2008 (luang mUa 16 mm) va thang 10/2008 (lupng mUa 17 mm) Cac thdng sd phan tich tuong t u nhu cac mau mua khd de tien so sanh Bieu dd mUa eua cae dot lay m l u (hinh 2) Cae diem lay mau duac ehi hinh 3 K^T QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Ket q u i phan tich mau mua kho 3.1.1 Tong quan ve nhiim n&dc mat nguon diem Trong mua khd, nUdc cac hd dupe g i d d mUe dam bao cho cac yeu td ccinh quan va dieu hda vi hau Nudc hd kha tTnh, it cd sU trao doi dan den tich luy cac ehat d nhiem Hinh t h ^ hiin mdc dp d nhiem eda cae thdng Hinh Vl tri cac diem thu mau trangffieukien trcri cd mua, 2008 sd DO, COD, T-N va tdng Coliform so sanh vdi Quy chuan Viet Nam 2008 (QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT) Nhin chung DO tai eac diem lay mau tren sdng, dau vao cua cac ho deu khdng dat quy ehuan DO nhin chung la kha tdt tai cac hd mdi ducfc eai tao du an thoat nudc giai doan I nhuThanh Nhan 1, 2, hd Thien Quang Tai toan bp cac diem quan trac, COD deu khdng dat QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT (
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