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NGHIEN CCfU TRAO BOI Tdi nguyen nUdc mat ciia thdnh phd Can Tha co tiem ndng ldn vd Id nguon chu yeu de cdp nude sinh hogt cho ngUdi ddn Trong thdi gian gdn day, 6 nhiem nUdc mat tU nhieu nguon thdi d[.]
NGHIEN CCfU-TRAO BOI Tdi nguyen nUdc mat ciia thdnh phd Can Tha co tiem ndng ldn vd Id nguon chu yeu de cdp nude sinh hogt cho ngUdi ddn Trong thdi gian gdn day, nhiem nUdc mat tU nhieu nguon thdi da trd thdnh vdn de quan tdm cdp thiet cda cong dong De gin giit vd bdo ve tdi nguyen nude mat cdn phdi thuc thi cdc gidi phdp cong tdc qudn ly vd sd diing hieu qud nguon tdi nguyen ndy nhu bdo ve chinh sU sdng cua ngUdi I d T H A N H P H O J C A N THOf KS LLfU TAN TAI TT.Quan trae TN vd MT TP.Cdn Tha Tong quan Thanh phd' Can Thd (TP Can Thd) la pho' trung tam d ddng bang sdng Crfu Long (DBSCL), la effa ngd giao lffu chinh cua vung Tay Nam song Hau vdi vung Tff giac Long Xuyen, vung Bac song Tien va vung trgng diem phia Nam Dan so'Can Thd nam 2008 la 1.171.069 ngffdi vdi tdng dien tich 140.161,6 ba chie'm 3,46% tdng dien tich loan vdng DBSCL (Nien giam tho'ng ke, 2008), dja gidi banh chinh gdm ed 05 quan npi va 04 huyen ngoai gdm 84 phffdng, xa, thi tran Can Thd ed ngudn nffde mat phong phu, dffdc cung cap tff he thd'ng sdng ngdi kenh rach chang chit vdi tdng chieu dai khoang 3.405 km He thd'ng sdng rach ehinh tai Can Thd gdm cd: song Hau vdi chieu dai chay qua Can Thd la 55 km, lffu Iffdng nrfdc binh quan tai sdng Can Thd la 14.800mVgiay He thd'ng cac kenh rach nhd: rach Can Thd dai 16 km song Hau tai be'n Ninh Kieu, rach Binh Thiiy, rach Tra Ndc, rach Mdn, rach Tho't Nd't, kenh Cai San Day la nhffng kenh rach ldn dan nffde tff song Hau vao cac vung npi ddng va no'i lien vdi kenh rach cua cac tinh lan can TP Can Thd, ed nffde nggt quanh nam, vffa cd tac dung tydi nffde miia can, vffa cd tac dung tieu ting mCia lu va cd y nghia ldn ve giao thong Dien bie'n chat Iffdng nffde mat kha phffc tap, chiu sff chi pho'i tff dieu kien tff nhien, che' dp hau, thiiy van va boat dpng phat trie'n kinh te xa hpi ciia ngffdi Trong nhffng nam 26 gan day, cac boat dpng trf qua trinh dd thj hda, phat trien cdng nghiep, tham canh tang vu, nuoi trdng thiiy san nang suat cao, da phat sinh Irfdng chat thai ldn mdi trrfdng, lam cho chat Irfdng moi trrfdng dac biet moi trrfdng nrfdc mat Clia TP Can Thd cang suy giam, xu hrfdng se cdn gia tang gay anh hrfdng xa'u de'n sffc khoe ngrfdi, tai nguyen sinh vat va sif phat trien ben vffng Cac ngudn thai chinh gay nhilm nrfdc mat 2.1 Nguon thdi tU cdc khu thi: Lffdng nffde thai sinh boat ciia 1.147.067 ngrfdi dan phd' khoang 120.000 mVngay dem, bat ke la thi cu hay viing tan thj deu chrfa cd he thd'ng xff ly nrfdc thai tap rfung, dd trrfc tie'p kenh rach xung quanh Day la Nhd ddn sd'ng tren rgch Tham Tudng TAP CHI KHOA HQC CAN THd NGHIEN Clfu - TRAO BOI mpt nhffng ngudn thai cd ban nha't gay nen tinh trang nhiem moi trffdng nrfdc mat He thd'ng thoat nrfdc tdn tai chii ye'u d trung tam TP Can Thd va la he thdng cdng ehung Tdng chieu dai ed'ng ngam la 35,5 km, mrfdng lp thien 7,22 km binh quan dat 0,4 m/ngrfdi, drfde xay drfng tff lau va qua nhieu thdi ky khae nen chat Iffdng khong ddng deu va xud'ng cap (Dff an thoat nffde va xff ly nffde thai TP Can Thd, 2001) Hien pho' dang dffa vao dau tff cai tao, thu gom de xff ly Nffde thai tff cac khu dan erf, cac cd quan, nha may, benh vien drfde dd trrfc tie^p vao cac mrfdng, rach nhd be tho'ng kenh rach npi thi da gay nen srf qua tai ddi vdi kha nang ty lam saeh va eang P nhilm nang ne hdn Theo Sd Tai nguyen va Moi trrfdng TP Can Thd (2008), chat Irfdng nrfdc mat ciia he thd'ng kenh rach TP Can Thd dang bi nhilm chat hffu cd, amoniac, nitrit va vi sinh cang tram trgng hdn Ndng dp COD d kenh rach dao dpng tff 12,5 - 83,8 mg/l, gia tri trung binh 30,7 mg/l vffdt Quy ehua'n ky thuat qude gia ve chat Iffdng nffde mat loai A: 3,07 lan (QCVN 08:2008: