áp dụng hệ số ô nhiễm (bod,cod và ss) và mô hình streepter phelps để tính toán thải lượng ô nhiễm của một số nguồn thải chính và khả năng tự làm sạch của nước sông cầu (đoạn chảy qua TP thái nguyên)

j w NGHIEN COU ' Ap dung he so nhiem (bod, cod va ss) va mb hmh streepter - phelps de tmh toan thai lirang nhiem cua mot so nguon thaj chmh va kha nang tir lam sach cua nirdc song Cau (doan chay qua TP Thai Nguyen) CAl ANH TlJ Khoa Moi trUdng, Dgi hoc Khoa hgc TU nhien Sddung he sod nhiem nitdc thdi sinh hogt theo WHO deddnh gid nhanh mdc thdi litctng d nhiim nitdc thdi sinh hogt vd cdng nghiep cda mgt so ngudn thdi chinh tgi TP Thdi Nguyen Md hinh Streepter-Phelps duacsufdung dedi/bdo vekhd ndng tit Idm sgch cda nitdC sdng Cdu (dogn chdy qua TP Thdi Nguyen) Ket qud nghien cdu dda mdc dp thdi Iddng hien tgi vd xu hitdng bien doi den ndm 2020 cua mot so nguon thdi chinh* Ben cgnh do, viec sCfdung md hinh Streepter - Phelps cho thdy, degi&ditcfc nitdc song Cdu dogn chdy qua TP Thdi Nguyen dmCtc D0>5mg/lcdn phdi xdly BOD 82,1% Dieu ndy ddng nghia vdi khd ndng tdtdm sgch ciia nitdc sdng Cdu la 17,9 % dd WHO dl xuat vi md hinh hoat chUa qua xil ly trung Streepter - Phelps dupc sfl binh la: dyr^ dl tinh toan nai^ BODj = 50 g/ngUdi/ngay; g ^ oefficients of domestic tu lim sgch cua nUde sdi^ COD = 22 g/ngUdi/ngay; SS = ^ I wastewater pollution (by WHO) \ > are used to assess rapidly the Cau (dogn chay qua TP Thii 38 g/ngUdi/ngay amount of pollutants discharged in Nguyin) dupc ap dyng Tong thai liiong nhi^m domestic and industrial wastewater duoc tinh bang tich s6 giiia II DOI TUONG VA for some main sources in Thai Nguyen dan vi thai lifong nhilm va City Streepter-Phelps Model is used PHUONG P H A P so dan to predict the self-cleaning capacity NGHIEN cutr Mo hinh Streepter - Phelps of Cau river water (Thai Nguyen Danh gia nhanh thong de du bao yeu cau ve hi^u qua City passage) The study results qua he so nhiem nudc thai xfl ly nudc thai hay kha nang show current level of waste volume sinh hoat theo WHO duac ap tvf lam sach cua nudc song, mfi and the trends to 2020 for some of main sources In addition, the use of dung la; Vdi miic thai luong hinh Streepter - Phelps dU(?c Streepter-Phelps Model shows that nhiem nudc thai sinh sfl dung that to keep Cau river water (Thai K,xL, Nguyen City passage) with DO >5mg/l, •10-' D.^ -10-' ^D,xW'' ?//)(!) it is necessary to treat 82.1% of BOO This means that the self-cleaning capacity of Cau River water is 17.9% At 1^(2) Kj = K I MO DAU Chat liictng nifcfc song noi chung, song Cau noi rieng dang bi nhiem, nhieu doan song khong dat QCVN 08/2008/BTNMT quy dmh sil dyng vao cac muc dich cu the dap iing vdi nhu cau tai dja phuang Danh gia kha nang txj lam sach ciia luu v\Ic co vai tro quan trong viec quan ly va BVMT dong song Vdi muc dich gop phan bao ve chat luong nudc song, phuang phap danh gia nhanh thong qua he so o nhiem 561 Hoi trtidng So X L — D - 2,3x&txD (3) Trong do: Dt: Dp suy giam (hay dp thieu hyt) DO d thdi dilm t (mg/I) Kj: Tdc dp tilu thy DO (ngay-1) K^: Tdc dp bo sung DO (ngiy-1) t: Thdi gian tU lue bit dau nhgn thii (dilm khio sit thii den diem khio sat thd 2) t: Thdi gian di chuyen (tU dilm khao sat thii den dilm khao sit thU cua ddng sdng (ngiy)) D^: Dp thieu hyt DO d diem khio sit thU (mg/1) NGHItNCCru i Dg: Dd thilu hut DO d dilm khio sat thd (mg/1) D: Trung binh cdng cua dp thilu hyt DO tren dogn sdng khio sat (mg/1): D = (DA + DB)/2 (4) Trong do: D: Dd l|ch giiia dp thieu hut DO d dilm khio sit thii nhat vi diem khid sit sau (mgA) LA: BOD tdi da d diem khio sat thd nhat LB: BOD tdi da d diem khio sit sau dd L: Trung binh cdng cua BOD tdi da tren doan sdng khao sat: L = (LA + LB)/2 BOD3 Ob/ngay) = BOD (mg/1) x 8,34 x lUu lupng (mg/ngay) DO (Ib/ngay) = DO (mg/1) x 8,34 x lUu lupng (mg/ ngay) (mg/1 = ppm; 8,34: H | sd bien doi Ib/ngay thinh mg/1) BOD toi da = 1,46 x BOD^ (theo nghien eUu thyc nghi|m) Ddi tupng ip dyng h | sd d nhiem nude thai vi md hmh tinh toin li cac nguon rthari chinh (nguIn thai sinh hoat, cdng nghi|p) vi dogn sdng C^u chiy qua TP Thii Nguyin Thii lupng d nhilm nha miy trin li: 367.520 mV BOD3 ngiy, cao nhat li Nha Ham lupng BOD = (50g/ may di|n Cao Nggn (chilm ngUdi/ngiy x 330.700ngUdi) 49,1 % tdng lupng nUdc thai x 10% (50 g/ngUdi/ngiy x cua Nhi miy), tilp theo 330,700ngUdi) x 90% x 35% = la Nha may Gang thep Thai 6.852.025 g/ngay = 6.852,025 Nguyin (chilm 47,8% tong kg/ngay = 2.500.989,1 kg/nam lupng nudc thii cua Nha = 2.501 tan/nim may), thap nhat li Nhi miy - Thai lupng d nhilm giay Hding Vin Thu (chiem % tong lUdng nudc thai cua COD Ham lupng COD = (22g/ Nhi may) ngUdi/ngay x 330.700 ngUdi) Tinh todn thdi lUdng X 10% (22g/ngUdi/ngiy x nhiim 330.700 ngUdi) x 90% x 35% - Thai lupng d nhiem khu 3.019.291 g/ngay = 3.019,291 gang thep Thai Nguyen: kg/ngay = 1.102.041,215 kg/ DUa theo kit qua quan nam = 1.102,041 tan/nam trie, 2013 cho thay, gii tri cic - Thii lUdng d nhiem SS thdng so d nhiem trung binh Him lupng SS = 38 g/ thai mdi trUdng bin ngUdi/ngiy x 330.700 ngUdi) ngoii cua Nhi miy gang thlp X 10% (38 g/ngUdi/ngiy x Thii Nguyin vdi BOD3 li 18,6 330.700ngUdi) x 90% x 38% - mg/1, COD li 72,7 m^l vi SS 215.139 g/ngay = 5.215,139 la 25,5 mg/1 kg/ngiy = 1.903 525,735 kg/ TU do, cd thi dUa thii nam - 1.903,525 tan/nam lupng nhilm cua nhi miy 1.2 Hien trgng thdi lUdng nhu sau: Him lUpng B0D5 III KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ d nhilm nUdc thdt cong nghiep la 18,6 mg/1 x 176.000.000 lit/ mot so nguon thdi chinh tgi TP.ngiy - 3.273,6 kg/ngiy - 3,273 Hiln trang thai lUdng nhilm nUdc thai tan/ngiy 1194,86 tan/nam Thdi Nguyen m0t so ngudn thai chinh tai TP Thii Nguyen Ham lupng COD la 72,7 l.i Thai lUdngo nhiem nUdc thdi sinh hoat Tinh todn lUdng nUdc thdi tgi TP Thdi Nguyen LUdng nUdc thai cdng mg/I X 176.000.000 lit/ngiy nghilp dupc thUc hi|n doi 12.795,2 kg/ngay = 12,795 tan/ Tinh todn lUdng nUdc thai vdi nhdng nha may Idn cd he ngiy - 4670,24 tan/nam Theo quy dinh, lUpng nUdc thai tU sinh hogt thdng cung cap nUdc Do ta Ham lupng SS la 25,5 (kl ci v| sinh) dupe tinh bang 70% lUdng nudc cic Nha miy: Gang thep Thii mg/1 X 176.000.000 lit/ngiy cap cho sinh hogt LUdng nUde cap trung binh Nguyin, diln Cao Ngan, giay 4.488 000.000 mg/ngay = cho sinh hogt li 100 Kt/ngUdi/ngay, Hoang Van Thy LUdng nUdc 488 kg/ngay - 4,488 tan/ 80% s6 dan dUdc sd dyng nUdc cap NhU viy, thai cdng nghilp dUpc Udc ngay- 1.638,12 tan/nim neu chap nhgn lUdng nudc cap tren thi vdi dan tinh bang 80% lupng nUdc s6 hi|n tgi khoang 330.700 ngUdi, tdng lUdng - Thai lUdng d nhiem Nhi cap DUa tren kit qui cung cap miy di|n Cao Ngan nude thai tU smh hdat cua TR Thai Nguyin: vl lupng nUdc cap ciia Nhi DUa theo kit qui quan 70/100 X 100 (lit/ngUdi/ngiy) x 330.700 may tren, cu thi la trac, 2013 gia tri cic thdng so ngudix80/100= 18.519.200 mVngiy • Nha may gang thlp Thai d nhiem trung trung binh Hnh todn thdi lUdngo nhiim Nguyin: (80 x 220.000)/100 = thai mdi trUdng ben ngoii Thed tdng kit nghiin cdu cua Ngan hang cua Nhi miy di|n Cao Ngan 176.000 mVngay thi gidi (WB, 2013) tai cac TP cua Vi|t Nam, dd cd TP Thii Nguyin, trung binh cd Nhi miy di|n Cao Ngan: vdi BOD li 7,6 mg/1, COD la 90% ngUdi dan dupe sd dung bl ty hoai de xU (80x225 600)/100^ 180.480 9,8 mg/1 va SS li 84 mg/1, TU dd, cd thi dUa thii lUpng \f chit thii sinh hoat Theo kinh nghi|m, thdng mVngiy thudng hi|u qua xd ly bing be tu hoai trung • Nha may giay Hoang nhicm ciia nhi miy nhu sau; binh si dgt khoang 65% so vdi mUc dp d nhiem Ham lupng BOD, li 7,6 Vin Thy (80 x 13.800)/100 = ban diu NhU vgy, hien tgi mUc dp d nhiem mg/1 X 180.480.000 lit/ngay = 11.040 mVngay sinh hogt eiia TP.Thii Nguyin li: 1.371.6 kg/ngay = 1,371 tin/ Tdng lupng nUdc thii ciia Sol 1/2014M61 t n i d n g 57 # NGHIEN C0U ngiy = 500,05 tan/nim 7,6 mg/1 \ 180.480.000 1/ngay 1.371.648.000 mg/ngiy = 1.371,6 kg/ngay = 1,371 tan/ngay = 500,05 tan/nim • Ham lupng COD Ia9,8mg/lxl80.480.000 lit/ngay - 1768,7 kg/ngay = 645,57 tan/nam Ham lupng SS la 84 mg/1 x 180.480.000 lit/ngiy = 15.160 kg/ngay = 15,16 tan/ngay 5.533,4 tan/nam - Thai lupng d nhilm sau Nha may giay Hding Van Thy Dya theo kit qua quan trie, 2013 gia tri cac thdng sd d nhiem trung trung binh thai mdi trudng bin ngoii cua Nha may giay Hoang Van Thy vdi BOD, li 74 mg/1, COD la 128 mg/1 va SS la 175 mg/I TU cd the dUa thii lupng d nhilm cua Nhi may nhu sau: Him lupng BOD^ la 74 mg/1 x 11.040.000 lit/ngiy = 816,96 kg/ngiy = 0,816 tan/ngay = 298,19 tan/nam Him lupng COD la 128 mg/1 x 11.040.000 lit/ngay = 1.413,12 kg/ngay = 1,413 tan/ngay = 515,79 tan/nim Him lupng SS la 175 mg/1 x 11.040.000 lit/ngiy = 1.932 kg/ngay = 1,932 tan/ngiy 705,18 tan/nam 13 Hien trgng thai lUdng nhiem mgt so nguon thai chinh nUdc thdi sinh hogt vd cong nghiep Hipn trgng thai lUdng d nhiem nUdc thai sinh hogt vi cdng nghilp tgi TP Thai Nguyen dupc thi hi|n (Bing 1) cho thay: Ham lupng BOD^ = 12314,185 kg/ngay = 4494,1 tan/nam Ham ludng COD - 18.996,311 kg/ngiy = 6.933,641 tan/nam Him lupng SS = 26.795,139 kg/ngay = 9.780,225 tan/nim Xu hudng bien ddi thai lUpng d nhilm cua mot so nguon thai ehinh den nam 2020 tai TP Thii Nguyin 2.1 Vidi lUdng nhiem niidc thdi sinh hogt Theo quy hogch phat triln kinh te - xa hdi cua TP.Thai Nguyin, din sd nim 2020 dU kiln ii 600.000 ngUdi Den nim 2020, dU kiln sd ham tu hoai dUdc ip dyng tai TR Thai Nguyin khoing 95% tdng sd hd DUa tren cic ylu td niu trin, xu hudng biln ddi chat lupng nudc sdng Cau (doan chiy qua TPThai Nguyin) din nam 2020 si li: - Thii lupng d nhilm BOD_ Him lupng BOD, = (50 g/ngUdi/ngiy x 600.000 ngudi) X 5% (50g/ngUdi/ngiy x 581 Mol trddng So 11/2014 330.700i^di) x 95% x 35% = 11.475.000 g/ngiy = 11.475 k g / i ^ y = 4.188.375 kg/nam = 4.188,375 tan/nam Thai lupng d nhiim COD Ham lupng COD = (22 g/ ngUdi/ngay x 600.000 ngUdi) X 5% (22g/ngUdi/ngay x 330.700ngUdi) x 95% x 35% = 5.049.000 g/ngiy = 5.049 kg/ = 1.842.885 kg/nam = 1.842,885 tan/nim - Thii lUdng d nhiim SS Ham lupng SS = 38 g/ ngUdi/ngiy x 600.000 ngUdi) X 5% (38g/ngUdi/ngiy x 330.700ngUdi) x 95% x 38% = 8.721.000 g/ngiy = 8.721 kg/ ngiy - 3.183165 kg/nim = 3183,165 tan/nam 2.2 Thdi lUdng nhiim nUdc thdi mgt sd nguon thdi cong nghiep chinh Trong tUdng iai, TR Thii Nguyin tap trung dau tU cd sd hg tang cac cym cdng nghilp, cdng nghl cao (KCN Quylt Thing), dau tU md rdng giai doan II Cdng ty Gang thep Thii Nguyen, cae d\f in cdng nghilp che tgo miy, di|n tii, gia cdng kim loai vi cd lap rap, eac dM an sin xuat hii^ tieu dung, eae dy in trung tam thuang mgi, siiu thj Ve BVMT, Thii Nguyen cung dUa dinh hudng din nim 2020 ed 85 - 90% khu cdng nghilp, cum cdng nghi|p tgp trung cd h | thong xil ^ nUdc thii rilng (dat 100% vio nam 2025) Thii nguyin phan dau 100% cac nguon nudc trin dia ban tinh khdng hi o nhilm TP tap trung diu tU mpt so du an trpng dilm nang cao tang cd sd, dd co h | thdng thoat nUdc Nhin chung, miic dd o nhiem cdng nghi|p din 2020 mac dil tdc dd tang song ap dung cac bi|n phap giam thieu d nhiem nin van dUpc danh gia la gifl d mdc nhU hi|n (Bangl) Bang Hien trgng mute dp thai lUtfng nhiem nUdc thai tU mot so ngudn thai chinh tai TP Thai Nguyen BOO, Nguon NUiic thai anh FJUddhai cdng nghlip Ting kg/ngay COD tan/nam kg/ngay SS tan/nam kg/ngjiy 6.SS2,II25 2.501 J 019,291 1102,041 5215,139 5462,16 1993,1 15977,02 5831,6 21iEa 12J14,1BS 4/94,1 18.996,111 6.933,641 26.795,119 tSn/nam 1,903J25 787W i.mia Bang Tdng thai lUdng nhiem nam 2020 Nguon thai Huiicthaisinh NUocihaicong nqhiep Ting BOD, 11475 462,16 16.937,16 SS COD Kg/ngay < tan/nam kg/ngay tan/nam 4188,375 J tan/nim 5049 1.342,335 8721 15977,02 5831,6 21JgO 7876,7 21026,02 7674/485 30J01 11.059^ 993,1 6181,475 kg/ngay Danh gia kha nang tu lam sach cua nUdc sdng thdng qua md hinh Streepter -Phelps Tu lam sach dUpc hil'u la tap hpp cac qua trinh vat ly, hda hoc, vi sinh hpc vi thuy 1181,165 sinh hpc giy nin sU phin hiiy sd dung cic chat d nhiem va dan den phyc hdi chit lUpl^ nudc Qui trinh quan trpng hPn ca cua qui trinh ti^ lim sach li sU phan buy hilu cac chat hUucd bdi vi sinh vgt NGHIEN c a u KhUng vi khu5n sii dung chat Bu as lim thijte an, phin tich cae pp (hSt phijte tgp tao thinh cae sin pham cuoi eiing ddn giin hpn va it dpc hai Lupng chat hiJiu cd cua mdt ddng diiy ed the bj ddng hda bdi vi khuan gidi hgn bdi lUdng dxy hda tan san ed ngudn nUdc Do dd, qua trinh niy phy thudc vio tdc dp tilu thu dxy cua qua trinh oxy hda sinh hda va tdc hda tan ciia dxy trdng quyen vio ngudn nUdc va phy thudc it hdn vao cae qua trinh idiae nhU sM quang hpp vi vile dxy hda cac cMtlai^ dpng dudi day thuy vUc tan cung nhU nang ty lim sach cua cac doan sdng De tinh toan yeu cau ve hilu qui xU ly nUdc thii (hilu qui loai BOD5 phai dgt dupc dl gid cho mUc DO nUdc sdng Cau > mg/1) cdng thfle tinh Streeter Phelps dupe sfl dyng de tinh tdin Cac gia tri BOD^ va DO dupc tinh tai dogn sdng Cau, thUpng lUu gan cfla xa khu gang thep vi lUu sdng gan khu vUc Cam Gia Kit qua tinh toan nhu sau: Tdc tilu thy K^ = 0,2999 ngay'; Tdc dp bd sung K^ - 2,55 ngay' O nhiet dd 30°C, dxy hda tan Cic Uu diem va han che cua bao hda bang 7,57 Dl DO > md hbih Streeter - Phelps mg/I thi dp thieu hyt DO d dilm Uw diem: Md hinh Streeter - khao sat thfl 2, Dg theo tinh toin Phelpsdiing di milu ti qua trinh seli: tilu thy oxy cae phan Ung D^.< 7,57-5 - 2,57 mg/1 = 2,57 x smh hoa cua chat d nhiem hflu 8,34x79,4= 1.701,8 Ib/ngiy cd va qua trinh gia tang dxy BOD3 (Ib/ngiy) = BOD (mg/1) x cac phan Ung tai tgo khi, tinh toan 8,34 X lUu lupng (mg/ ngay) tii lupng BOD tdi da eho phlp DO (Ib/ngay) - DO (mg/I) x dl vio sdng nham danh gii 8,34 X luu lupng (mg/ ngiy) nang ty lim sgch ciia cic doan (mg/1 = ppm; 8,34: H | so biln sdng Md hinh phan nad the hi|n doi Ib/ngiy thinh kg/ngiy) dupe nang tiep nhgn cac chat Dg = 0,2999 X (L^./2,55-0,2999) x nhiem hflu ca trdng nang QQ-0.29M X 1,16 -10-2.55 >:l,16J ^ i _ , tu lim sgch cua nUdc sdng X 10-2,55.1,16 Hgn che: Md hinh Streeter - Dg ^ 0,13328 x L^ x (0,77503 Phelps chi kl din cic yeu td tilu - 0,001) -I- 1,549 = 0.103 LA* + thy oxy qua trinh hd hap cua 1,549 (6) vi sinh hilu tang nUdc vi TU (5) va (6) suy ra: hda tan dxy qua be mat thoang Dg = 0,103 L^ + 1,549 < 1.701,8 nUde cd sU thilu hyt Ib/ngiy oxy hda tan, Md hinh Streeter L^ < (204,06 - 1,549)/0,103 = - Phelps chUa xem xet den cic 16.507,29 (Ib/ngiy) ylu to nhu cau dxy qui trinh L^ < (1.701,8 - 1,549)/0,103 = nitrat hda va nhu cau dxy cua 16.507,29 (Ib/ngiy) trSm tich qua trinh tU lam Gpi X li phan trim BOD can xd sgch ciia sdng Day la nhflng yeu ly, ta cd: td cd inh hudng den qui trinh L^ - (16.223,8 X 1,46) - (9,04 dxy hda eac hpp chat d nhiem X 8,34 X 1,46 X 79,4) x X % hflu CO nUdc Bin canh dd, 82,1 % vi cac qui trinh niy cung anh L^, BOD tdi da d dilm khio sit hudng din dudng cong dxy hda thd nhat J ^ Nhu vgy, xu hudng biln ddi thii lUpng d nhilm cua mdt so ngudn thii chinh (sinh boat vi cdng nghilp) din nam 2020 tai TR Thii Nguyen li BOD^ - 16.937,16 kg/ngiy, COD = 21026,02 kg/ngiy, SS = 30.301 kg/ngay (Bing 2) So vdi nam 2013, thii lUdng cic chat d nhiem dial tUdng lai 2020 se Idn hdn, cu the: Him lUdng BOD^ gap 1,375 lan, COD gap 1,107 lan, SS gap 1,13 lan (Hmh 1) Do thj - So sanh thai Ikr^ngonhiimnircrcthal hien tai (nam 2ai3)ua lu htrifng bien doi dan nam -2020 tai thin • Hinh So sdnh thdi lUdngo nhiim nUdc thdi cua mot so nguon thdi chinh giUa hien tai (ndm 2013) vd xu hUdng bien doi den ndm 2020 tgi TP Thai Nguyen (Trgc tungtd thdi lUdngo nhiim-tan/ndm, true hodnh id ndm 2013 vd 2020) L BOD tdi da d diem khio sit sau (L^ = 9,04 X 8,34 x 1,46 x 79,4=8.739,93 lb/ ngay) L^.: Li hi|u sd gii tri BOD giUa dilm khao sit thU nhat va dilm khao sit sau dd (Gii tri tinh toin theo Ib/ngay la theo quy dinh tinh toin cua cong thUc) TU kit qui tinh toin niu trin cd the nhan thay, ty le BOD can xd ly li 82,1 %, til suy kha nang tU lam sach cua ddng nudc d dogn sdng Cau chiy qua TP Thii Nguyen (tU thUdng luu gan cUa xa kliu gang thep den lUu song gan khu vUc Cam Gii) thap, cd ty 1| li 17,9 % (100% 82,1% =17,9%) Kit qui nghiin cUu gdp phan cii tb|n chat lupng nUdc sdng Cau va dinh hudng phit triln kmh tl, BVMT cho TP Thii Nguyen vi lUu vUc sdng Cau IV KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI Ihai lupng o nhiem cua mpt so ngudn thai chinh (sinh hogt va cdng nghilp) nam 2013 tai TP Thii Nguyin li BOD, = 12,314,185 kg/ngiy, COD = 18 996,311 4M61trtfdaK S9 m NGHI£NC0U kg/ngiy, SS = 26.795,139 kg/ngiy Xu hudng biln ddi thii lupng d nhiem cua mpt sd nguon thii chinh (sinh hogt vi cong nghilp) din nam 2020 tgi TPThai Nguyen li BOD3 = 16.937,16 kg/ngiy, COD = 21026,02 kg/ngiy, SS = 30.301 kg/ngiy Dl gifl dupc nUdc song Can dogn chiy qua TR Thai Nguyin d muc DO > 5mg/l thi can phai xii ly BOD 82,1% Dilu niy ddng nghia vdi kha nang tU lam sgch ciia nUdc sdng Cau la 17,9 % Do mo hinh Streeter - Phelps dudc thUc hiln theo dilu kiln quy dinh (Toe phan buy cac chat hiiu ca tuin theo quy luit phan ling bac nhat, sU thieu hyt oxy hda tan (D) ddng chay su phan buy cic chat hflu cd, chl dd lan truyin chat ddng chay on dinh) nen can dUpc thUc hi|n phoi hpp ciing vdi mdt sd md hinh khic (nhu Qual-2E ) d l dUa kit qui xic thUc vdi dieu kiln thUc tl ciia luu vUc sdngB TAI UEU THAM KHAO Vii 1hiH6ngN^f\a, 2QllN§uen ciiu qudn ly chdt iUdngnUdc sdng Cdu tren dsa bdn tinh Thai Nguyen, Ludn vdn Thac sy, DHKUT Hodng Thi thu Trang Trdn Hong Viai Pham Vdn Hdi, Le Viet Phong 2009 Danh gia cua sKphdt trien KT-XH tdi chdt iMng niidc song Cdu bdng cong cu toan hoc, Tuyen tdp bao cao hoi thdo khoa hoc lan thii 10 - Vien KHKTTVMT Trung tdm Quan trac vd Cong nghe tnoi tnidng Thai Nguyen, 2014 Tim gidi phdp qudn ly tdi nguyen niidc song Cdu Trung tdm quan trdc Moi tnidng 2013, Kit qud cjuan trdc chdt lUdngnUdc song Cdu Quyit dinh s5:278/2005/QD-TTG Phe duyet dieu chinh Quy hoach chiing xdy diing TPViai Nguyen, tinh Thdi Nguyen den ndm 20 Ngdn hdng thegiOi (WB), 2013 Ddnh gid hoat dong qudn lynUdc thai thi tai Viet Nam, 2013 UBND TP Thdl Nguyin, 2011 Phdt tnen KT- XH TRViai Nguyen den 2020 WHO, 1993 Rapid Assessment of source Vol 1, Geneva H W Streeter, Earic B Phelps, 2025 itsng Ihe model Streeter - Phelps m study water quality of Ohio River U.S Public Health (Tiep theo trang 55) Co che ho tro cac doanh nghiep nho va vira ap dyng cho cic DN thudc dia bin 20 tinh cua Trung Qudc CNAO thUc hiln td nam 2007 - 2009; vi cic chUdng trinh quin ly mdi trUdng tu nguyin nhU: Cap chUng chi ISO 14000, thiet kl sinh thii, phan tich vdng ddi sin phi'm, sin xuat sgch hPn dUpc Cdc DN thuc hicn tich cUc B A I HOC KINH NGHIEM CHO VIET NAM Qua nghiin cUu vi phin tich cd chl hd trp thUe hi|n KTMT vi quin ly sinh thai tai mdt sd qudc gia nhU My, Anh va Trung Qudc, co the thay, hau bet, cae nudc da cd he thong chinh sich tuong ddi rd rang ve mit phip ly, ky thuat dl ho trd cac DN KTMT ncSi rieng va BVMT ndi chung Dl hoan thien hon nda he thdng quin ly mdi trddng tai Vi|t Nam, cd thi rut mpt so bii hpc kmh nghi|m phuc vu cho vi|c xay dflng cd chl hd trd cic DN viia vi nho thUc hi|n KTMT va quan ly sinh thii nhU sau: Xdc dinh rd doi tuong nhdn Iw trd Cac DN vUa va nhd dlu dUpc hudng nhflng uu dai hay chi nhflng DN dat dfloc nhflng tieu chi nhat dinh vl BVMT gidng nhu quy dmh cua Cue BVMT My Vi vgy, can xdc dinh rd cac tieu chi eho cic DN dl hp cc the nhin dUdc su ho trp cua cac ed quan Nhi miiVc 601 Mol trtidng sd n /2014 Ban hdnh cdc Lugt/chinh sdch hd trd cho cdc DN: Trong ca ba trudng hdp niu trin dlu cd nhflng chinh sach va luit cu the quy dinh vl cP chl ho trd cho cic DN thUc hien KTMT va quan ly sinh thai, Hiln nUdc ta chUa cd nhflng chinh sich cu the quy dinh van de Bp TN&MT di ban hanh Bd tilu chuan vl ISO 14000 dd cd nhflng hfldng din ve xiy dung he thong quan ly mdi trudng vi thUc hiln KTMT cho cic DN nhUng chUa du dc hd tro va khuyen khich cho cac DN, Ngoai ra, Vilt Nam cung co Luat Kilm toan va cd quan kilm toan Nhi nflde, nhien chflc nang KTMT chUa dfldc quy dinh ro rang Khi xay dflng cic chinh sich ho trp, can tip trung lim ndi hat rd nhflng ldi ich mi cac DN dUoc hudng ho tfl nguyen tien hanh KTMT hoac ip dung h | thdng quin ly mdi trddng tgi c(i quan cua ho (^ic ldi ich phai du Idn de c6 thi hap dan dUOc cic DN ThUc hien cdc chUdng trinh truyen thdng, gido difc de hd trd ve ky thugt thUc hien KTMT vd qudn ly sinh thai cho cdc DN Bd TN&MT can phoi hpp vdi Bd Cong ThUPng va cac cd quan/ban/ nginh khac xay dUng vi biln cac tai lilu ky thuat, so tay hudng din, sach tham khao, tai lieu dio tgo ve KTMT va quin ly sinh thai de hudng dan va hd trd cic DN thUc hi|n cic cdng vile cy the Chfldng trinh KTMT vi quan ly sinh thai d ( ho Ben canh do, vi| cic cupc hpi thao, chuyin mdn va cic trinh hd trd cu thi can thilt dl tao hinh diem hoic tgo i cho cic DN ban bgc vi hoc tap lan t trinh thUc hien chU( KTMT va quin ly sii ... 6181,475 kg/ngay Danh gia kha nang tu lam sach cua nUdc sdng thdng qua md hinh Streepter -Phelps Tu lam sach dUpc hil''u la tap hpp cac qua trinh vat ly, hda hoc, vi sinh hpc vi thuy 1181,165 sinh hpc... Do dd, qua trinh niy phy thudc vio tdc dp tilu thu dxy cua qua trinh oxy hda sinh hda va tdc hda tan ciia dxy trdng quyen vio ngudn nUdc va phy thudc it hdn vao cae qua trinh idiae nhU sM quang... bang 7,57 Dl DO > md hbih Streeter - Phelps mg/I thi dp thieu hyt DO d dilm Uw diem: Md hinh Streeter - khao sat thfl 2, Dg theo tinh toin Phelpsdiing di milu ti qua trinh seli: tilu thy oxy cae