Một số vấn đề về lao động và việc làm trong khu vực nông thôn huyện phú lương, tỉnh thái nguyên

Ngo Xuan H Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 75(13): 19-28 MOT SO VAN DE VE LAO DONG VA VIEC LAM TRONG KHU VIJC NONG THON HUYEN PHU LUONG, TINH THAI NGUYEN Truang Cao dang Kinh le -Ky ihuat Ngo Xuan Hoang Dll Thai \guyen TOM T A T Huyen Phii Luong nam phia Bac ciia tinh Thai Nguyen co tdi 85% dan so sinh song va lam viec ITnh vuc san xuat nong nghiep va nong nghiep nong thon Kinh te phat trien cham tinh trang that nghiep nhieu Vi vay van de giai quyet viec lam, nang cao ddi song cho ngudi lao dong dac biet la lao dong d nong thon la rat can thiet Trong nhung nam qua huyen da co nhieu chu truong, chinh sach giai quyet viec lam cho hang nghin ngudi lao dong He so sir dung thdi gian lao dong d nong thon tang len chat luong nguon lao dong budc dau co tien bo tirng budc dap dtroc yeu cau ctia thi truong lao dong va ngoai tinh De giai quyet vice lam cho ngudi lao dong, thdi gian tdi huyen can tap trung giai quyet cac van de ve chuyen dich co cau cay hop ly va tang dien tich gieo liong: phat trien chan nuoi: phat trien cac nganh nghe phi nong nghiep: ciing co va xay dung co' sd tang; on dinh dat dai; tang cuong dau tu von; tang cudng khoa hoc ky thuat; ino rong thi trudng va day manh \iiat khau lao dong va dua lao dong dia ban ngoai huyen Til' khoa: Lao dong, viec lam, nong thon, Phii Luong DAT VAN DE Huyen Phii Luong nam d phia Bac ciia tinh Thai Nguyen cd tdi 85% dan sd sinh sdng va lam vice ITnh vuc san xiuil ndng nghiep Vii ndng nghiep ndng thdn Vdi sir phat trien nhanh chdng ciia khoa hpc ky thuat, ciing vdi viec irng dung cac tuu ciia khoa hpc ky thuat vao san xuat ndng nghiep cang nhieu va cd hieu qua, da dan tdi tinh trang giam di rd ret ve nhu can sir dung lao ddng hem vao dd ngudn lire diit dai ban che nhu cau phcit trien dd thi va mdi sd muc dich khiic dii dan Idi tinh trang du thira lao ddng li'ong ndng thdn Irong thiri gian vira qua huyen Phii Luong da cd mot sd giai phap huu hieu de giai quyet van de viec lam ndng thdn nhien vdi tdc dp dd thi hda va cdng nghiep hda cao, van de lao ddng viec lam can dupe licp tuc xem xet giai quyet, biii \ ict: "Mot sd vdn de ve lao dong vd viec Idm Irong khu vuc ndng thdn huyen Phd Luong tmh Thdi Nguyen" chimg tdi inudn de cap idi van dc^ lao ddng viec lain va dc xuat mdi sd giai phiip cd tinh kha thi nham d;ip irng nhu /(•/ 0912 140S6S cau viec lam ciia lao ddng ndng thdn htiven Phil Luong tinh Thai Nguyen nhung nam truxVc mat va lau dai PHUONG PHAP VA HE THONCi CHI TIEU NGHIEN CUU * Phiro'ng phd/J nghien ciiu: De tien hanh nghien ciru chimg tdi dii chpn xa dupe phfui bd o' cac vimg huyen Chpn 240 hd de dieu tra thu thap sd lieu, "frong qua trinh thu thap sd lieu chiing tdi da sir dung phuong phap chuyen gia, chuyen khao phuong phap danh gia nhanh ndng thdn (RRA So lieu dupe kiem tra chinh ly va khiing dinh dd tin cay sau dd dupe phan td va trinh bay o' bang thdng ke, bang tinh toan EXCEL Cac phuang phap phan tich thdng ke kinh te va nhieu phirong phap phan tich khac da dimg phan tich va du bao * lie thdng chi lieu nghien ciiu: Ti'ong qua trinh nghien ciru chiing tdi dii su dung cac chi tieu: Co' can lao ddng theo trinh dp van hda trinh dp chuyen mdn; Co ciui lao ddng theo ngimh nghe; Sd lao ddng binh qiuin/lao ddng/nam; Thu nhap binh qiian/hd/nam; riiti nhap binh quan/lao ddng/nam; Ihu nh;ip binh quan/lao ddng/ngay; i h u nhap binh qtiiui/ 75(13): 19-28 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Ngo Xuan Hoans chiem 6,29%) N h d m luc lupng lao ddng tre chilin ty le cao nhat 59,24%) Day la the manh ciia ngudn lao ddng huyen Phu Luong Nam 2009, dan so binh quan ciia huyen la 125.829 ngudi, sd ngudi dp tuoi lao ddng la 69.120 n g u d i Hang nam dan so huyen Phii L u o n g tang them khoang 9.000 ngudi Ngoai ra, cdn phai ke den sd ngudi ngoai tuoi lao ddng n h u n g thitc te van cd viec lam cung tang len (trong cang cd nhieu tre em) da tao mot ngudn cung ve lao ddng kha ddi dao Dan sd huyen Phu Liro'ng chii yeu la d ndng thdn, chiem % so vdi tdng dan sd ciia huyen Nam 2009, lao ddng ndng nghiep chiem ty trpng tuong ddi cao 85,71 %o, dd lao ddng nganh cdng nghiep lai chiem ty le qua thap l%o *Chdt lirong ngudn LD cua huyen Phii Luang lao ddng phan theo nganh nghe; Ty suat sir dung thdi gian lao ddng KET QUA N G H I E N C U U VA T H A Q LUAN So luong va chat lirong lao dong nong thon huyen Phii L u o n g * Sd luong nhan khau vd lao ddng cua huyen: Lao ddng la mot yeu td ciing vdi dat dai, CO' sd vat chat ky thuat lao ddng la luc lupng, la yeu td chii yeu nhat qua trinh san xuat Lao ddng la dieu kien cho xa hdi ton tai va phat trien De tim hieu tinh hinh lao ddng va nhan khau ciia huyen Phii Luong chimg ta qua bang Qua bang sd lieu cho thay: lire lupng lao ddng tang binh quan qua cac nam la 1,26%, nhan khau an theo tang 0.74% Nam 2007, Huyen Phii Lirong cd 64.501 lao ddng chiem 61,45%), den nam 2009 da len tdi 66.132 lao ddng va chiem 61.69% tdng sd nhan khau nhu vay lire lirong lao ddng nhung nam gan day cd xu hirdng tang nhe Luc lupng lao ddng d Phii Luang tuong ddi tre Nam 2009, nhdm luc lupng lao ddng tre (tir 15-34 tudi) cd 40.946.69 ngudi chiem 59,24% so vdi tdng sd; nhdm lire lupng lao ddng trung nien cd 16.692 ngudi, chiem 34,47%) va nhdm luc lupng lao ddng cao tudi cd 32.870 ngudi Ve mat trinh vdn hda: Trinh dp van hda la CO sd rat quan trpng de nang cao nang luc va ky nang lam viec cua ngudi lao ddng Sd ngudi biet dpc, biet viet tang dan Sd lieu bang cho thay: nhirng nam qua, sd ngudi tdt nghiep cac cap hpc phd thdng cd xu tang nhu'ng nam qua, sd ngudi tdt nghiep cac cap hpc phd thdng cd xu hudng tang dan qua tiing nam (bang 2) Bang I Co cau lao dong va nhan khau ciia huyen Phii Luang 2007 Nam 2009 2008 So luong Co cau (Ngudi) (%) So luong (Ngudi) Co cau (%) So luong (Ngudi) Toe tang, giam Co cau binh quan moi nam (%) (%) 104.965 100 106.257 100 107.200 100 1,06 Lao donsj 64.501 61.45 66.708 62,78 66.132 61,69 1,26 Nhan khau an theo 40.464 ,55 39.549 37,22 41 0,74 Nguon: Phong Thong ke huyen Phii Luong[4,9] Tong so Bang Trinh van hoa ciia lao dong huyen Phii Luong Chi tieu Khong biet clur Chua tot nghiep Tieu hoc Da tot nghiep Tieu hoc Da t6t nghiep THCS Da t6t nghiep THPT Ton" so: 20 2007 4,46 15,02 24,26 44,51 11,75 100 2008 3,80 14,07 25,09 44,92 12,12 Don vi: % 2009 3.10 13,32 24,71 44,46 14,41 ,., 100 100 Ngudn: UBND huyen Phii Luang [9] Ngo Xuan Hoang 75(13): 19-28 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE nam 2007: 80,52%, nam 2008: 82,93% va nam 2009: 83,58%) Ty le lao ddng chua h\k chir va chua tdt nghiep tieu hpc cang giam xudng tuong xirng Xu hudng trinh dp hpc van ciia ngudi lao ddng cang cao cho thay kha nang hpc nghe, dao tao nghe va nang cao lay nghe ciia luc lupng lao ddng d Huyen Phii Luong vao loai kha Day la mot tien de quan trpng ciia su phat trien ngudn nhan lire ciia huyen Tuy nhien, chiing ta thay ty le ngudi tdt nghiep cap THCS va THPT luc lupng lao ddng cua huyen cdn thap chi khoang 50% Ve trinh chuyen mdn ky thudl: Sd ngudi chua dupe dao tao nghe cdn rat Idn chiem 90% lire lupng lao ddng ciia huyen Ty le lao ddng da qua dao tao chuyen mdn ky thuat chiSm ty le rat th4p: 11,77% (nam 2007) va qua cac nam ty le lao ddng da qua dao tao chuyen bien rat cham, nam 2007 la 7,04%, nam 2008: 9,60%, nam 2009: 11,77% Chat lupng lao ddng chuyen mdn ky thuat ciia huyen cdn nhieu bat cap Lao ddng khdng dap ung dupe yeu cau ciia cdng viec Chua dupe dao tao dll trinh dp quy djnh, nang luc thich ung vdi viec lam nen kinh te chuyen ddi cdn yeu Ty le lao ddng chuyen mdn ky thuat cd trinh dp cao thap, co cau bac dao tao mat can ddi vdi nhu cau sir dung Xet tdng sd lao ddng chuyen mdn ky thuat nam 2009 ciia huyen, co' cau nhu sau: so c4p chiem 1,06%, cdng nhan ky thuat (CNKT) khdng bang: 2,99% CNKT cd bang: 2,4%, trung hpc chuyen nghiep (THCN): 2,71%, cao dang va dai hpc (CD-DH): 2,6% tren dai hpc: 0,01% Nhu vay, sd lao ddng cd chuyen mdn ky thuat trinh dp so cap va khdng bang cAp cdn 4,05% tdng sd lao ddng chuyen mdn ky thuat Trong khu vuc cdng nghiep va djch vu, ty le cdng nhan ky thuat cdn thap chi cd dudi 5% so vdi toan bd lire lupng lao ddng cua huyen Dieu dang luu y la hon mot nira cdng nhan ky thuat da dupe dao tao nhung khdng cd bang Rd rang, dao tao nghe dang la van de biic xiic ddi vdi luc luong lao ddng khdng chi d ndng thdn ma d ca thj Tinh hinh sir dung lao dong nong thon huyen Phii Luong a Su dung lao ddng theo ngdnh nghe La mot huyen chii yeu san xuat ndng nghiep nen so lao ddng ndng nghiep chiem ti trpng cao Tuy nhien, ciing vdi sir phat trien kinh te chung cd sir chuyen djch co' cau kinh te giua cac nganh la co cau lao ddng cung cd xu hudng giam Tdc dp tang binh quan ciia lao ddng qua cac nam la 1,26%) tdc dp giam lao ddng ndng nghiep binh quan qua cac nam la 0,11%, nhung tdc dp tang binh quan qua cac nam ciia lao ddng phi ndng nghiep len tdi 10,77% nhu vay lire lupng lao ddng da va dang cd xu hudng chuyen djch co' cau sang ITnh vuc san xuat phi ndng nghiep Bang Trinh chuyen mon ky thuat ciia lao dong huyen Phu Luont Chi tieu 2007 2008 Don vi: % 2009 Khong CO chuyen mon ky thuat 92,96 90,40 88,23 Trinh so cap 0,85 1,06 1.06 Cong nhan ky thuat khong bang 1,03 2,21 2,99 Cong nhan ky thuat co bang 1,13 1,78 2.40 Trung hpc chu>en nghiep 2,64 2,50 2.71 Cao dang va dai hpc 1,38 2.04 2,60 Tren dai hoc 0,01 0,01 0,01 100 100 100 Tong so: Nguon: Phong Lao dong TBXIl huyen Phii Luong 14.6] Tl 75(13): 19-28 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE N>>6 Xuan Hoan a Bang Co cau lao dong nganh san xuat ciia huyen Phu Luong Nam 2007 Nam 2009 Nam 2008 Toe tang, giam binh quan moi nam (%) Chi tieu So luong (Ngu'oi) C c cau (%) So iu'ong (Ngu-oi) Co' cau (%) Soluong (Ngu'oi) Co' cau (%) Tong so Lao dong nong nghiep 64.501 100 66.708 100 66.132 100 1,26 56.761 88,00 57.329 85,94 56.635 85,64 -0.11 7.740 12.00 9.379 14.06 9.497 14,36 Lao dong phi ndng nghiep * Ngdnh ndng nghiep: Trong nhung nam qua san xuat ndng nghiep huyen Phii Luo'ng da dan di vao dn djnh va phat trien vdi nhjp dp cang nhanh San xuat ndng nghiep d nhieu dja phuong huyen da bat dau chuyen sang hirdng san xuat hang hda md hinh kinh te VAC kinh te trang trai phat trien hau het o' cac dja phuong Xuat hien nhieu gia dinh cd quy md chan nudi Idn: hang ngan ga, hang chuc Ipn theo phirong phap cdng nghiep mang lai thu nhap cao Chan nudi ca theo phuong phap tham canh vdi cac gidng cd nang suat cao chat lupng tdt va chan nudi cac dac san da dan dan tha> the tha ca theo kieu quang canh Co' cau nganh ndng nghiep chuyen djch theo hudng ty trpng chan nudi va djch vu ndng nghiep cang tang, ty trpng nganh trdng trpt giam tuong irng '*Ngdnh cdng nghiep: Nganh nghe cdng nghiep - tieu thu cdng nghiep tren dja ban huyen phat trien dudi nhieu hinh thirc da dang Den cudi nam 2009 toan huyen cd 29 HTX, 32 doanh nghiep tu nhan va 21 doanh nghiep hdn hop Nganh cdng nghiep va xay dung tao dupe 356.2 ty ddng sir dung mot lupng lao ddng la 2.596 ngudi *Ngdnh dich vu: Nganh djch vu tao dupe 183.000 trieu ddng thu hiit sd lao ddng tham 10,77 Ngudn: [4.9] gia la 5.199 ngudi Hoat ddng dich vu o' ndng thdn nhung nam gan day cd budc phat trien mdi, nhieu loai hinh kinh doanh, djch vu nhir: cung ung hang tieu diing, vat tu thu gom ndng san, siia chua cdng cii, dimg phuc vu sinh hoat, xuat hien phd bien tirng thdn xdm Tir dd da va dang hinh cac tu diem kinh te, cac thj tir, thj tran o' ndng thdn gdp phan chuyen ddi ca cau kinh te ciia huyen b Su dung lao ddng theo phan kinh le Ddi vdi phan kinh te Nhd nude: quy mo nhd, nhung nam 2007-2009 luc lupng lao ddng lam viec khu vuc thap chi chiem khoang 5% Ddi vdi ihdnh phan kinh te ngoai Nhd nude: kinh te hd gia dinh va ngoai quoc doanh giu vai trd chu yeu tao viec lam mdi (chiem 95% did lam viec mdi dupe tao hang nam), cac doanh nghiep vira va nhd, vdn dau tu cho cdng nghe cdn it, dau tu cho chd lam viec cdn thap, nhung dang the hien mot tiSm nang va uu the tao viec lam Nam 2009, cd 156 CO sd san xuat cdng nghiep, thu hiit 42.630 lao ddng; dd, cd DNNN thu hilt 5.440 lao ddng, HTX thu hiit 2.431 lao ddng, 22 cdng ty TNHH va doanh nghiep tu nhan thu hiit 690 lao ddng, 10.309 hp ca th^ thu hilt 32.620 lao dona Bang Viec lam chia theo phSn kinh d Dan vi: ngirdi Chi tieu Tong lao dong xa hoi - Nha nude - Ngoai Nha nude 22 2007 67.926 3.396 64.530 2008 2009 68.605 69.120 3.430 3.456 65.175 65.664 Ngudn: UBND huyen Phii Luong [9] Ngo Xuan Hoana Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE c Sir dung lao ddng theo khu vuc * A.77;/ vuc ihdnh thi: Phii Luong la mot huyen ndng nghiep phan Idn dan cu sdng d ndng thdn Sd ngudi sdng d thj chi cd 17.344 ngudi, chiem 13.8 Ngoai luc lupng lao ddng tai chd, hang nam cd mot luc lupng lao ddng dang ke tir cac vimg ndng thdn vao cac khu cdng nghiep cac dd thj tim kiem viec lam, dac biet tir chuyen ddi sang che che thj trudng Van de sii' dung ngudn lao ddng khu vuc thj thdi gian qua: Ty le lao ddng cd viec lam thdi ky 2007-2009 ciia khu vuc Oianh thi la 93% (trong dp tudi lao ddng) Ty le lao ddng khdng cd viec lam dp tudi lao ddng o' khu vuc thi giam tii' 7% nam 2007 xudng 6% nam 2009 Ty le that nghiep a khu vuc thj da giam lien tiic tir 5,57% nam 2007 xudng 5.28Vo nam 2008 va 4,33% nam 2009, * Khu vuc ndng thdn: Hien nay, dan cu ndng thdn Huyen Phu Luong cd 108.329 ngudi chiem 86,2% dan sd ca huyen, lao ddng ndng thdn cd 44.928 ngudi chiem 65% lire lupng lao ddng huyen, dd lao ddng cd chuyen mdn ky thuat chi cd 8,05% Nhu vay, lao ddng ndng thdn dai bd phan la lao ddng phd thdng, khdng cd trinh dp chuyen mdn ky thuat Ve chat lupng ngudn lao ddng d khu vuc ndng thdn: Lao ddng d khu vuc ndng thdn da qua dao tao chi chiem 8,05%, cdn lai tren 90% chua qua dao tao Lao ddng ndng thdn qua dao tao chiem mot ty le thap, nhirng lai phan bd khdng deu Cac khu vuc cang xa khu dd thi thi lire lupng lao ddng khdng qua dao tao chiem ty le cang cao Ve phan bd va sir dung ngudn lao ddng d khu vuc ndng thdn: l i o n g ndng thdn, co cau lao ddng xa hdi cd sir chuyen djch theo hudng tang ty trpng lao ddng cdng nghiep va djch vu, giam ty trpng lao ddng ndng nghiep; nhien d mire dp cdn cham Ket qua dieu tra nam 2007 cho tluiy, ty le lao ddng ndng nghiep chiem 65%, cdng nghiep va xay dung chiem 14% djch vu chic^n 12.4% (/ Kit (put san xudl kinh doanh ngdnh Irong Irol vd chdn nudi cua huyen Sd lieu cho thay gia trj san xuat nganh trdng trpl tang binh quan la 22,53% nam 2007 la 192.697 trieu ddim den nam 2009 tang len 75(13): 19- 289.324 trieu ddng dd gia trj san xuat ciia trdng liia nam 2007 la 82.325 trieu ddng den nam 2009 tang len 123.532 trieu ddng chiem 26,f cua cav luong thuc cd hat Gia trj san xuat cay lau nam chiem 19.48% cua dat ndng nghiep dd gia trj san xuat cua cay che chiam 30.48% nam 2007 la 45.936 trieu ddng den nam 2009 len tdi 78.209 trieu ddng Trong nhdm cac cay laii nam nhan thay cay che cd hieu qua kinh te kha cao Chan nudi ciia huyen tang binh quan la 46.46% dd chan nudi gia siic nam 2007 la 53.185 trieu dong nam 2009 ki 120.081 trieu ddng tdc dp tang binh quan la 50.26% Chan nudi gia cam tang binh quan ki 40,40% va chi chiem ty le 10,45% nganh chan nudi Ket qua mot so chuong trinh giai quyet viec lam cho lao dong nong thon huyen Phii Luong Chifovg Irinh day nghe ngdn hem Dupe sir chi dao ciia Sd Lao ddng TBXH va Ban chi dao xuat khau lao ddng huyen trung tam Day nghe trung tam Gidi thieu viec lam ciia huyen da trien khai dupe mot sd chuong trinh nhu dupe trinh bay bang Sd lieu qua cac nam cho thay ve quy md dao tao va tu van viec lam ciia trung tam cang rpng hon, cu the nhir, nani 2007 tu van viec lam cho 400 ngirdi den nam 2009 da tu van len tdi 700 ngudi Dac biet ve dao tao nghe nam 2007 mdi chi cd 900 ngirdi nhung den nam 2009 da len tdi 1.505 ngudi hon niTa nam 2009 trung tam da ket hpp vdi trudng DH NL Thai Nguyen ino' Idp dao tao ve quan ly kinh te hd gia dinh cho 194 can bd cap xa va ndng dan Ve xuat khau lao ddng nam qua trung tam da tu van gidi thieu viec lam cho 212 lao ddng di xuat khau lao ddng d cac nude: Dai Loan, Indonexia, Han Quoc cd mire lutrng binh quan khoang trieu ddng/thang Ve tin dung ndng thdn Chuong trinh cho vay ddi vdi hd ngheo: Theo thdng ke thi toan huyen cd 7.943 hd ngheo chiem ty le 3,5% sd hd tren toan huyen, d4 day nhanh chuong trinh muc tieu xda ddi giam ngheo tren dja ban huyen nghi quyet Dang bd hdi ddng nhan dan huyen Phii Luong da de mdi nam phan dau giam ty le hp ngheo xudng tir 2.5 den 3% 23 Tap ch i KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Ngo Xuan Hoang 75(13): 19-28 Bang Mot so ch uong trinh tu van va 1dao tao cua trung tam Gidi thieu viec lam giai doan 2007-2009 Dvt: Ngudi 2007 2008 2009 Tu van viec lam 400 550 700 Gidi thieu viec lam nude 50 50 120 Xuat khau lao dong 62 80 70 Giao due djnh hudng 66 130 140 Dao tao nghe 900 1.245 1.505 Hoi thao tu van viec lam 200 660 557 0 194 Chi tieu Dao tao quan ly kinh te ho gia dinh Nguon: Trung Idm Gidi thieu viec lam huyen Phii Luang [6] Chuong trinh cho va\ hd san xuat kinh doanh vimg khd khan, dupe trien khai thuc hien nam 2007, NHCSXH huyen da trien khai cho vay thi diem xa: Phii Dd Tuc Tranh Ddng Dat Chuong trinh tin dung cho vay ddi vdi hd gia dinh san xuat kinh doanh, kinh doanh viing khd khan, dupe thuc hien vdi mire lai xuk thap ban ngan hang thuong mai, thu tuc don gian ddi tupng vay vdn rpng, mu'c vay vdn hd san xuat 30 trieu ddng tren hp khdng phai lam thii tuc the chap tai san, phuong thirc cho vay theo td lap thdn ban thdng qua cac td chu'c hdi Thuc hien chinh sach dan tdc va ton giao Dang, nha nude da cd chinh sach cho vay von ddi vdi hd ngheo ddng bao ddn tdc thieu so, chuong trinh the hien su quan tam cua Dang, nha nude, ddi vdi ddng bao ngheo dan tdc thieu sd, dupe vay vdn de djnh canh djnh cu; dn djnh cupc sdng tiing budc phat trien kinh te gia dinh, vuan len thoat khdi ngheo ddi ciing hda nhap vdi cdng ddng Chuong trinh cho vay giai quyet viec lam: Day la chuong trinh quoc gia nham muc dich giai quyet viec lam, giam ty le th§t nghiep xa hdi Nam 2003 NHCS nhan ban giao 2.997 trieu ddng ngudn vdn quy quoc gia giai quyet viec lam tii' kho bac huyen chuyen sang NHCS huyen quan ly, vdi 23 du an Sau nam hoat ddng NHCS huyen Phii Luong da phoi hop vdi phong Npi vu huyen, cac nganh chuc nang, doan the xa hdi tham djnh giai quyet cho 116 du an ket qua thuc hien Doanh 24 sd cho vay nam la 9.250 trieu ddng, doanh sd thu no nam la 1.312 trieu ddng, du no dSn 31/12/2007 la 4.601 trieu ddng, bao gom 116 du an, Cdng tac cho vay vdn giai quyet viec lam cho nien: Thuc hien quyet djnh so 71/2005/QD-TTg 05/4/2005 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu "ve co' che quan ly, dieu hanh vdn cho vay cua quy quoc gia ve viec lam", nam 2007 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Thai Nguyen da phan bd vdn vay 120 cho Tinh doan nien vdi sd vdn la 200 trieu ddng Vdi sd tien tren, nam 2007 da hd trp dupe 03 dir an nhdm hd va da thu hiit giai quyet viec lam dn djnh cho 39 lao ddng Danh gia chung ve giai quyet viec lam 6' huyen Phii Lircng a Nhirng ket qua dat duoc + Nhan thirc, quan niem ciia ngirdi lao ddng ve viec lam da dupe thay ddi co ban Ngudi lao ddng tu chii viec tu tao viec lam cho minh va cho ngudi khac cac phan kinh t l Ngudi sir dung lao ddng dupe khuven khich dau tu phat trign san xuat, kinh doanh djch vu tao md viec lam Mat khac chu truong tao viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng cting dupe thay ddi Nha nude tap trung ban hanh CO che, chinh sach xay dung hanh lang phap luat, tao mdi trudng thuan Ipi de mpi ngudi lir tao viec lam cho minh va cho xa hdi + Chuong trinh giai quyet viec lam dupe trien khai thuc hien cd ket qua vdi sir quan tam ciia cac nganh, cac cap, su hudng irno lidi cue Ngo Xuan Hoang Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE cua cac td chirc, doan the va mpi tang Idp dan cu Ket qua la giam ty le that nghiep tii' 5,57% (nam 2007) xudng cdn 4,33% (nam 2009) + Da phat trien va da dang hda cac hinh thuc kinh doanh tao nhieu viec lam mdi cho lao ddng cua huyen: kinh te hd gia dinh, doanh nghiep vira va nhd, khdi phuc va phat trien lang nghe truyen thdng + cac Trung tam djch vu viec lam tren dja ban huyen da thuc hien tdt viec gidi thieu viec lam cho cac phan kinh te; td chirc dao tao nghe cho ngudi lao ddng, giup hp tu tao viec lam va tim kiem viec lam + Cdng tac giai quyet viec lam da gan vdi viec chuyen djch co' cau kinh te va co cau lao ddng Co' cau lao ddng va ca cau viec lam da cd chuyen bien theo chieu hudng tich cue Ty trpng ndng nghiep giam dan, ty trpng cdng nghiep, xay dung va djch vu cd chieu hudng tang len rd ret + cac hinh thirc dao tao nghe da dupe ddi mdi va chat lupng ngudn lao ddng da dan dupe nang cao hon + Cdng tac dau tu vdn tin diing cho ngudi ngheo, giiip cac hd ngheo dn djnh va cai thien ddi sdng, giai quyet them viec lam va viec lam mdi cho ngirdi lao ddng b Nhimg hem che vd ton lai: +Ty le that nghiep d thj cdn cao 4,33% (nam 2009) Tinh trang that nghiep d khu vuc ndng thdn khdng Idn, nhirng tinh trang du thira lao ddng lai kha cao, he sd sir dung thdi gian lao ddng d ndng thdn mdi chi cd 74,7% (nam 2009) + Co' can lao ddng ciia huyen mat can ddi, thieu lao ddng ky thuat, lao ddng da qua dao tao Vi vay, gay nen tinh trang vii'a thira lai vira thieu lao ddng Sd ngudi khdng cd viec him d Phil Luong hau het la lao ddng phd thdng, khdng cd trinh dp chuyen mdn ky thuat, dd chua dap irng dupe yen cau phat trien kinh te hien ciia huyen + cac CO' sd day nghe chua thuc sir dupe dau lir dimg mire ve chuong trinh, muc tieu dao tao Cling nhu co' sd vat chat, trang thiet bj day nghe Do vay, chat lupng dao tao cdn thap, chua dap irng dupe Ihj trudng lao ddng Cdng 75(13): 19-28 tac dao tao, day nghe chua that su gan vdi nhu cau thieu thdng tin thj trudng lao ddng, Trung tam chua day nhung cai ma thj trudng can, cho nen thiia ca nhung lao ddng sau da dupe dao tao -I- Cac trung tam djch vu va gidi thieu viec lam chua phat trien Cac hinh thu'c tu van va gidi thieu viec lam chua dupe md rpng Trinh dp chuyen mdn nghiep vu ciia dpi ngu can bp, nhan vien cac trung tam chua dap iing dupe yeu cau cang cao va da dang cua thj trudng lao ddng -I- Cdn thieu nhu'ng chinh sach dii manh de khuyen khich dau tu, huy ddng mpi ngudn luc, phat trien cac thj trudng (nhat la thi trudng lao ddng) de tang trudng kinh te va tao md viec lam Mot so giai phap chQ yeu giai quyet viec lam cho LD nong thon huyen Phii Luong Gidi phdp ve chuyen dich ca cdu cdy trdng hap ly vd tdng dien tich gieo trdng Xa Vd Tranh va xa Ddng Dat la xa cd nhieu ddi nui vdi dp doc thoai thoai, hon nua chat dat d day rat thich hpp vdi cay che Trong cac loai cay trdng da dupe phan tich d phan thuc trang cho thay gia trj san xuat ciia cay che la kha cao va sir dung khdng nhieu cdng lao ddng trdng che cd the dem lai gia tri san xuat trieu ddng/cdng lao ddng/nam dd cac cay trdng khac khdng cd dupe Viing trdng lua nude xa Ddng Dat va Yen Trach cd dja hinh bang phang nen sir diing phuo'ng phap luan canh, trdng xen canh gdi vu Khuyen khich cac hd trdng rau sach vi thj trudng hien rat khan hiein ngudn rau sach va cii, qua cd gia trj dinh dudng cao Xa Yen Trach la xa vimg cao cd dja hinh phuc tap, cd nhieu mil cao thich hpp cho trdng rirng, viia chdng xdi mdn vira dem lai hieu qua kinh te cao cu th^ nhu trdng cay Keo, Md, Bach dan Viing trdng liia nude cd quy md manh miin nen dimg phuong thuc ddn dien ddi thua de thuan Ipi cho viec canh tac se giam thieu dupe cdng lao ddng, chuyen lao ddng sang cdng viec khac Nhung vimg dat ddi thoai hon nen trdng che cd nang suat cao nhu che canh, che Bat tien 25 Ntjo Xuan Hoan a Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Giai phdp ve phdt trien chdn nudi Cu th^ ve chan nudi theo hudng san xuat hang hda nhu nudi ga sach, dac biet la gidng ga lai chpi hinh thirc nudi nhu gidng ga chuyen thdng vira nhanh Idn lai vira cd gia trj sir dung cao Nhu cau cua thj trudng sii' dung san pham hudng nac va san pham thit Ipn quay bang Ipn sieu nac dang dupe thj trudng ira chuong, vay phat trien md hinh nudi Ipn sieu nac vdi quv md Idn tiep can hpc tap kinh nghiem a mot sd trang trai nudi loai sieu nac d huyen Phd Yen Vdi dja hinh va khdng gian rpng va cd nhieu ddi niii de chan tha nhu huyen Phii Luaiig nen md nhung trang trai nudi tha tiiu bd de lay thjt ben canh dd md nhung CO sd che bien thjt xd va thjt Ipc cung cap cho thi trudng \a ngoai huyen se thu hilt dupe mot sd lao ddng du thira lao ddng ndng thdn Gidi phdp ve phdt trien cdc ngdnh nghe phi ndng nghiep Phat trien cac nganh nghe phi ndng nghiep, da dang hda nganh nghe, chuyen djch co' cau kinh te ndng thdn theo hudng giam ty trpng ciia nganh ndng nghiep, tang nhanh ty trpng ciia nganh tieu thii cdng nghiep, djch vu va thuong mai la bien phap co' ban, lau dai de giai quyet viec lam va tang thu nhap cho ngudi lao ddng ndng thdn Phat trien nganh nghe may tre dan de tao dieu kien cho nhung lao ddng cd su kheo leo va sire khoe kem dac biet la lao ddng nir khdng du dieu kien lam nhung viec nang nhpc, nhung lao ddng thudng khdng cd co' hdi de tim duoc viec lam ngoai xa hdi hoac chi lam duoc nhung cdng \ iec cd thu nhap thap Giai phdp ve cung cd vd xdv dimg ca so' Icing Cung cd va phat trien co' so tang la giai phap quan trpng de phat trien kinh te va giai quyet viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng huyen Phii Luo'iig Nhung khd khan ve ca sd tang nhu hien da can trd rat Idn den chuyen djch ca cau san xuat den kha nang tu tao viec lam va tim kiem \ iec lam cua ngirdi lao ddng huyen Mudn phat trien nghe trdng rirng can phai lam mdi, lam kien cd nhung duiing de phirong tien N'aii tai vao dupe tan viing khai thac 26 75(13): 19 Giai phdp ve dat dai Hien na>, dat canh tac ciia huyen vira it vira manh iniin lai viia chua dupe sir dung hpp ly Vi vay, huyen can phai cd chinh sach khuyen khich ngudi dan khai hoang phiic hda dua dien tich dat chua sii' dung vao san xuat Khuyen khich va tao dieu kien thuan Ipi de ngudi dan ti^n hanh ddn dien ddi thiia cho d^ cd dien tich canh tac tren manh Idn hon tao dieu kien thuan lai cho viec ap dung tien bd khoa hpc ky thuat vao san xuat va phat trien san xuat hang hda NhCing khu dat d ven quoc Id ven cac dudng true chinh va khu trung tam nen quy hoach chuyen vao dat tho cu de phat trien nganh nghe va djch vu Can cd nhiing chinh sach ve dat dai hpp ly nhu giai phdng mat bang, hd trp tien thue dat, de khuyen khich cac nha dau tu vao san xuat tren dja ban nham tao nhieu viec lam cho lao ddng huyen Giai phdp ve vdn Ve phia nha nude can md rpng hon nua cac chuong trinh cho vay vdn den tan tay ngudi dan thdng qua cac td chirc tin dung, cac ngan hang, cac td chirc doan the d dja phuong nhu hdi phu nu, hdi ndng dan doan nien viec cho vay vdn phai xac djnh dimg ddi tupng dupe vay sd lupng vdn vay phai dam bao cho ngudi di vay cd du kha nang tai san xuat md rpng, cac phuong thirc thu hdi vdn phai phii hop vdi dac diem va chu ky ciia san xuat ndng nghiep Ciing vdi viec cho vay vdn thi can lam tdt cdng tac khuyen ndng, hudng dan va tu van cho ngirdi dan each thirc dau tu va sir dung vdn vay de viec dau tu mang lai hieu qua cao va phai giam sat \'iec sir dung vdn vay thdng qua cac td chirc doan the o' dia phirong Tranh tinh trang sir dung vdn vay khdng dimg muc dich va khdng cd kha nang hoan tra Ngoai cd the cho nguiTi ndng dan vay vdn bang hien vat thdng qua boat ddng ciia hop tac xa djch vu nhu cac tir lieu san xuat ndng nghiep Ve phia ngirdi lao ddng trirdc het phai biet huy ddng vdn tir ngudn vdn tu cd ciia ban than, cua gia dinh va quan trpng la xac djnh dupe ke hoach sii dung \a phan bd sd vdn vay dd cho tirng khau cua qua trinh san xuat cho hop ly va dem lai hieu qua ddng vdn cao nhat Ngo Xuan Hoant Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Giai phdp ve khoa hoc ky thuat Ddi vtVi ngudi lao ddng ndng nghiep can tap trung nang cao ky nang san xuat cua hp, tii khau chpn gidng, lain dat canh tac, cham sdc va thu hoach De thuc hien tdt dieu can tang cudng cdng tac khuyen ndng, can trp giiip cho hp khau ky thuat quy trinh san xuat thu nghiem xay dung md hinh dien hinh de chuyen giao khoa hpc ky thuat cd hieu qua Ddng vien va khuyen khich cac hd san xuat gioi tham gia vao cdng tac khuyen ndng de viec chuyen giao khoa hpc ky thuat dat ket qua cao va se de thuyet phuc hon Ddi vdi lao ddng cd tham gia boat ddng nganh nghe tieu thu cdng nghiep can khuyen khich hp md rpng quy md dau tu theo chieu sau lira chpn ap dung cdng nghe phii hpp vdi mot sd khau de cd dieu kien nang cao nang suat, chat lupng san pham Ben canh dd can cd bien phap nhan rpng cac hoat ddng nganh nghe toan huyen Cd chinh sach thda dang khuyen khich ngudi lao ddng cd trinh dp chuyen mdn ky thuat ve dja phuong lam viec va cdng tac Thdng qua cac td chirc doan the gidi thieu nhiing nganh nghe mdi phii hop vdi dia phuong de ngudi dan ap dung vao san xuat nham giai quyet viec lain cho ngircTi lao ddng va lao dieu kien thiic day chuyen djch CO' can kinh te ndng thdn (^iiai jihdp vi} thi trudng Md rpng thj trudng tieu thu la giai phap quan trpng phat trien kinh te va tao viec lam cho ngucii lao ddng Khi san pham ngudi lao ddng lam dupe tieu thu tdt thi mdi kich thich dupe san xuat hang hda kich thich dupe dau tir san xuat da dang hda nganh nghe va mdi lao dupe vice him cho ngui'ii lao ddng Khuyen khich hd trp cac td chirc trung gian tieu thu sail pham ngudi lao ddng huyen san xuat ra; Lhanh lap cac hpp tac xa dich vu dc cung irng dau vao va tieu thu san pham dau cho ngiriri dan; Hiiveii can tao dieu kien hd Ira hii)en viec xay dung mdi clip, hoan thien co' so' tang, dac biet la he thdng dudng giao thdng, he thdng thdng tin lii;n lac de san pham ngudi dan huyen san xuat dupe nhanh chdng chuyen den imirdi tieu diiim; Dav manh cdng tac du 75(1 19-2S bao phd bien rpng rai thdng tin thj trudng cac thdng tin ve khoa hpc cdng nghe de ngudi dan nam bat kjp thdi va cd nhiing quyet djnh dimg dan san xuat kinh doanh Giai phdp ve day mcinh xudl khdu lao ddng vd dua lao ddng ngodi dia bdn Idm viec Chinh quyen dja phuong can hpp tac tdt vdi cac CO' quan chirc nang viec tu van dao tao hd trp de ngudi lao ddng dupe tham gia xuat khau, dua xuat khau lao ddng giai phap hieu qua cdng tac tao viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng ndng thdn tren dja ban huyen Ben canh cdng tac xuat khau lao ddng nude ngoai thi viec hpp tac vdi cac cdng ty, cac td chirc nude de tim va giai quyet viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng dja phirong ciing ki mot giai phap tdt va cd hieu qua cao Tuy lam viec d nude khdng cao bang tham gia xuat khau lao ddng nhung tao dupe viec lam cho nhieu lao ddng hon va de thirc hien hon Day cdn la giai phap tao dupe sir chuyen djch manh me co' cau lao ddng, dem lai thu nhap cao va dn djnh hon so vdi san xuat ndng nghiep Vi vay, day cung la giai phap ma cac cap chinh quyen can coi trpng va lam tdt de tao theni dupe nhieu viec lam cho lao ddng huyen KET LUAN Phil Luong la mot cac huyen ngheo, kinh te chii yeu dua vao ndng nghiep, ximt phiit diem ciia nen kinh te thap tai nguyen cd han tdc dp phat trien kinh te cham tinh trang that nghiep cdn nhieu Vi vay van de giai quyet viec lam nang cao ddi sdng cho ngud'i lao ddng dac biet la lao ddng d ndng thdn chiem la luc lupng lao ddng la rat can thiet Trong nhung nam qua huyen da cd nhieu chu trirong chinh sach de giai quyet viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng, tao viec lam cho hang nghin ngudi lao ddng He sd su dung thdi gian lao ddng d ndng thdn tang len chat lupng ngudn lao ddng budc dau cd tien bd tirng budc dap dupe yen cau cua thi trudng lao ddng va ngoai linh Dc giai quyet viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng huyen thdi gian tdi huyen can tap trung giai quyet cac van de sau: chuyen djch CO' can cay trdng hpp ly va tang dien tich gieo 27 Nsjo Xuan Hoans 75(13): 19-28 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE trdng; phat trien chan nudi; phat trien cac nganh nghe phi ndng nghiep; cung cd va xay diing CO sd tang; dn djnh dat dai; tang cuo'ng dau tu vdn; tang c u d n g khoa hpc ky thuat; md rpng thj trudng va day manh xuat khau lao ddng va dua lao ddng dja ban ngoai huyen TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O [I].86 Lao dong Thuong binh va Xa hoi (2007), Bao cao ket qua dieu tra lao dong viec 1dm 1-72007 [2].Hoang Van Luu 2003, Giai quyet viec lam a ndng thon tinh Ninh Binh Irong glal doan hien Luan van thac sT - Dai hoc KTQD, Ha Noi [3] Phan ST Man, Giai qiiyel viec idm o ndng thdn glal doan hien Tap chi Nghien cint kinh tisd 225-2/1997 [4].Phong thdi.g ke huyen Phu Luong, Nier :'im thdng ke huyen Phii Luang nam 2007 -2009 [5].Vu Van Phuc (2005), "Glal quyet viec 1dm va sif diing hop ly ngudn nhdn luc lao dong nong thdn Viet Nam hien nay" Tap chi Kinh te chau A Thai Binh Duong [6].Trung tam gidi thieu viec lam huyen Phii Luong tinh Thai Nguyen, Bao cdo cudi nam 2005, 2006, 2007 [7] Nguyin Qu6c Tuan Mot sd gidi phdp lew viec lam cho lao ddng ndng thdn xd Thgch Xd - Thach Thai - Hd Tciy, DHKT&QTKD [8].Ta Dinh Tii' (2007 ), Thuc trang vd mot so gidi phdp nhdm glal quyet viec idm ndng cao thu nhcip cho ngudi lao dong xd Luong Son -TP Thdi Nguyen [9].UBND huyen Phii Lucmg (2007): Bao cdo thuc hien ke hoach KT-XH nam 2007 SUMMARY S O M M E P R O B L E M S ON L A B O R S AND W O R K I N G IN R U R A L ZONE OF PHU L U O N G D I C S T R I C T , T H A I N G U Y E N P R O V I N C E Ngo Xuan Hoang College of Economics and Technology - TNU Phu Luong district in the northern province of Thai Nguyen to 85% of the population living and working in the field of agriculture and rural agriculture Slow economic development, more unemployment So the issue of jobs, raise living standards for workers, especially workers in rural areas is essential In recent years many districts have policies to create jobs for thousands of workers Score labor tiiTie used in rural areas increased, the quality of the workforce initial progress, gradually meeting the requirements of the job market within and outside the province To create jobs for workers, the district needs time to concentrate on solving the problem of restructuring and a reasonable increase crop sown area, livestock development, development of non agriculture and strengthen infrastructure construction, land stability, boost investment and enhance science and technology, expanding markets and boosting the export of labor and labor to areas outside the district Key words: Labor, employment, rural Phu Luong Tel: 0912 140868 28 ... thj thdi gian qua: Ty le lao ddng cd viec lam thdi ky 2007-2009 ciia khu vuc Oianh thi la 93% (trong dp tudi lao ddng) Ty le lao ddng khdng cd viec lam dp tudi lao ddng o' khu vuc thi giam tii'... deu Cac khu vuc cang xa khu dd thi thi lire lupng lao ddng khdng qua dao tao chiem ty le cang cao Ve phan bd va sir dung ngudn lao ddng d khu vuc ndng thdn: l i o n g ndng thdn, co cau lao ddng... dan sd ca huyen, lao ddng ndng thdn cd 44.928 ngudi chiem 65% lire lupng lao ddng huyen, dd lao ddng cd chuyen mdn ky thuat chi cd 8,05% Nhu vay, lao ddng ndng thdn dai bd phan la lao ddng phd thdng,