Tap chi Khoa hoc va Phat trian 2010: Tap 8, s6 3: 367 - 374 T R U Q N G DAI HOC NONG NGHIEP HA NQI ANH Hl/GfNG CUA LIEU LlTONG PHAN BON DEN SINH TRlTOfNG, PHAT TRIEN VA NANG SUAT LAC TREN DAT HUYEN VIET YEN - BAC GIANG Effect of Fertilizer on Growth Development and Yield of Peanut at Viet Yen - Bac Giang Vii Dinh Chinh, Do Thanh Trung Khoa Ndng hgc, Truong Dgi hgc Ndng nghiep Ha Noi Dia chi email tie gia lien he.' vdchinhhau(cb,yahoo.com Ngay gid ddng: 6.01.2010: Ngay chdp nhan : 28.01.2010 TOM TAT Nghien c i i u anh hu'O'ng ciJa phan bon d i n sinh tru'O'ng, phat t r i l n va nang s u i t ciJa mot so gidng lac d i i u kien vij xuan tai Viet Yen ( B i c Giang) n h i m muc tieu xac ajnh li§u lu'O'ng phan bon thich ho'p d§ lac sinh tru'O'ng phat t r i l n tdt, cho nang s u i t cao d i i u kien vu xuan Nghien cii'u du'O'C t h i j c hien tren hai gidng lac m a i L14 va MD7 Thi nghiem du'O'c bo tri theo k i i u nhan to Split Plot Design vcf\ l l n n h i c lai Theo doi cac chi tieu sinh tru'O'ng va nang s u i t K i t qua nghien cii'u ciJa thi nghiem da xac djnh du'O'c l i l u lu'O'ng phan bon da anh hu'O'ng d i n tho'i gian sinh tru'O'ng, c h i i u cao cay, phan canh, chi s6 dien tich la, tich luy c h i t kho, s6 lu'O'ng n i t san, so lu'O'ng qua va nang s u i t L i l u lu'O'ng phan bon thich ho'p cho ca g i l n g L14 va l\/ID7 d i i u kien vij xuan tai Viet Yen ( B I C Giang) la 10 t i n phan chudng + 500 kg vdi bdt + 30 kg N + 90 kg P2OS + 60 kg K2O tren Ti> khoa: Cay lac, nang s u i t , phan bdn SUMMARY The effect of fertilizer application on growth development and yield of two peanut cultivars, L14 and MD7, was studied in order to determine optimal fertilizer rate for peanut growth and yield in spring season in Viet Yen, Bac Giang province Fertilizer levels exerted clear influences on growth duration, plant height, branching, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, nodule number, pod number and yield Optimum fertilizer dose for both two spring peanut cultivars was determined as follow: 10 tons organic fertilizer + 500 kg CaO + 30 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 + 60 kg K20/ha Key w o r d s : Fertilizer rate, peanut, yield DAT V A N D E Cay lac la cay cong nghiep n g i n ngay, cay lay dau co gia tri kinh te cao, cay nguyen lieu quan trong cong nghiep che bien Lac dUdc bien d nUdc ta va nhieu vung tren the gidi nhU chau A, chau Phi va chau My Lac la cay de ti'nh, co kha nang thich itng rong, khong ken dat, ngoai co vai tro eai tao, boi dUdng dat nhd vi khuan not san song cong sinh tren re Cay lac CO kha nang tao tinh da dang hoa cho san xuat nong nghiep b i n g cac hinh thiJc thuan, xen canh, goi vu n h i m nang cao hieu qua san xuat nong nghiep Cay lac cung la mat hang nong san xuat khau dem lai ldi nhuan cao Chmh vi vay, cay lac la mot nhiing cay ho dau an hat quan ciia nudc ta Tai huyen Viet Yen (tinh Bic Giang), cay lac da 367 Anh hygng cua li§u lu'O'ng phan bon den sinh tofong, phat trien va nang suat lac tren dat trd cay Uu the cac cong thiic luan canh va he thong cay trong, gop phan tang thu nhap kinh te tren ddn vi dien tich Tuy nhien san xuat lac tai day ccn rat nhieu han che chUa c6 bo giong thich hdp, lieu liiOng phan bon va each bon phan cho cay lac v i n theo phUdng phap truyen thong Vi vay, viec tim hieu anh hudng ciia phan bon den sinh trUdng, phat trien va nang suat cua cay lac la rat c i n thiet, giiip cho ngUdi dan CO cd sd dau tut nang cao hieu qua san xuat lac Nghien ciiu che bon phan cho cay lac da CO mot so' tac gia de cap tdi Theo Duan Shufen (1998), d Sdn Dong (Trung Quoc) de CO tan lac qua, can bon 52 kg N, 10,8 kg P,05, 25 kg K , Dudng Hong Dat (2007) cho biet, de dat tan lac qua, cay lac can lay 46 52 kg N theo loai dat, Nguyin The Con va cs (2001) cho rang, hieu suat kg N bon lam tang them 10,7 - 21,8 kg lac qua, do'i vdi kg P2O5 la 3,3 - 5,0 kg va vdi kg K2O la 8,3 - 9,1 kg lac qua Du Ngoc Thanh va cs (2006) xac dinh lieu liidng bon phan hdp ly cho lac tren dat Thai Nguyen la 30 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 + kg K , tren Tran Thi An va cs (2004) thay ring, lieu luong bon phan hdp ly cho cay lac la 45 kg N+ 135 kg P,05 + 90 kg K , tren vdi dieu kien co che phu nilon d vung dat cat bien Thanh Hoa ngheo dinh dUdng Theo Le Song Dii va cs (1995), sxi dung loai phan hon hop N, P, K ty le 5:10:3 bon cho lac, ket qua cho thay co tac dung thiic day cay sinh truldng tot phat trien can doi, lam tang so' tia so' qua dan den nang suat cao hdn doi vdi bon rieng re cac loai phan hoa hoc tii 12% MiJc bdn thich hdp la 600 kg N, P, K ty le 5:10:3 cho ha, bdn lot 50%, bdn thiic 50% d thdi ky - la Ngoai ra, cac tac gia cho r i n g bon phan vi liidng qua la se lam tang nang suat tii - 18% Muc dich cua nghien ciiu nham xac dinh lieu lUdng phan bon cho cac gio'ng lac mdi tren dat bac mau Viet Yen 368 VAT LIEU VA PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtr 2.1 V a t lieu n g h i e n cijfu Gidng lac: Nghien ciiu sii dung gio'ng lac MD7 va L14 Phan bon: + Dam ure (46% N) + Super l a n - 16% PoOs) + Kah clorua (60% K,0) + Phan chuong hoai muc + Voi bpt Dia diem nghien ciiu: Huyen Viet Yen tinh B I C Giang Dat thi nghiem cd pH = 5,2; ham lUdng mCin 1,9%); dam tong so' 0,16%; lan tong so' 0,03%; k a h tong so' 0,2% Thai gian thiic hien: 2008-2009 2.2 Phifoing p h a p n g h i e n ctjfu Thi nghiem hai nhan to' dUdc bo' tri theo phiidng phap Split - Plot vdi lan nhIc lai: Nhan to' chinh (phan bdn) gom cac cong thiic sau: CTl: 10 tan phan chuong -1- 500 kg voi bot (do'i ehiing) CT2: 10 tan phan chudng -1- 500 kg voi bot -1- 15 kg N -I- 45 kg P2O5 + 30 kg K2O CT3: 10 tan phan chuong -1- 500 kg voi bot 4- 30 kg N -I- 90 kg P2O5 -1- 60 kg K2O CT4: 10 tan phan chuong -1- 500 kg voi bgt -I- 45 kg N -H 135 kg P2O5 + 90 kg K , Nhan to'phu (gio'ng) gom gio'ng: L14 va MD7 Tong dien tich thi nghiem (10m" x 8) x = 240 m l PhUdng phap bdn phan nhu sau: + Bdn lot: Bon toan bp liidng phan chuong, phan lan, phan kali va 50% voi hot -I- Bdn thiic: Bdn thiic N vao thdi ky cay cd tii - la, bon thiic 50% liipng voi bpt eon lai cay b i t dau hoa Mat dp gieo trong: 35 eay/m~ Vu Dinh Chinh, Do Thanh Trung 2.3 Cac chi t i e u t h e o d o i - Xac dinh thdi gian va ty le mpc mam, thdi gian qua cac giai doan sinh triidng (ngay); chieu cao than chinh (cm), chieu dai canh cap (cm), tong so' canh/cay; tong so not sin, so'not san hiiu hieu (not/cay); chi sd dien ti'eh la va kho'i lUdng chat kho tren cay (g/cay); cac yeu to'cau nang suat: Tong so' qua/cay, ty le qua chic (%), kho'i lUdng 100 qua (g), khdi liidng 100 hat (g); nang suat ly thuyet (ta/ha) = (P qua /cay x mat dp cay/m^ x lO.OOOm^); nang suat thiic thu (ta/ha) = (Nang suat d / lOm^ )x lO.OOOml Miic dp nhiem mot sd'benh hai dUdc tinh theo ty le benh va cap benh (ap dung theo 10 TCN 340: 2006) So^ lieu dupe xii ly theo phUdng phap thong ke sinh hpe bang phan mem IRRISTAT 4.0 va Excel KET QUA N G H I E N C U t l 3.1 Anh h i i d n g ciia lieu lifofng p h a n b o n d e n thoii g i a n s i n h trifoing ciia c a c giong lac Ket qua theo ddi thdi gian hoa va thdi gian sinh trudng cua cay lac d cac lieu lupng phan bdn khac (Bang 1) che thay, d lieu lulpng phan bdn CT2 cd thdi gian hoa tap t r u n g khoang 18 - 19 ngay, cac cdng thiie va ed thdi gian hoa dai hdn - 2 NhU vay viec bdn bd' sung cac loai p h a n cho lac ciing da ed tac ddng lam cho lac hoa sdm hdn, thdi gian hoa tap t r u n g hdn Tuy nhien, CT4 bdn lupng phan khoang cao da cd thdi gian sinh trudng dai hdn (121 ngay), dd cong thiic do'i ehiing la 115 Do bdn nhieu phan, cay sinh trUdng than la manh chin mupn hon 3.2 A n h hiidrng c u a lieu lifpfng p h a n b o n den chieu cao t h a n chinh va k h a n a n g p h a n c a n h ciia c a c g i o n g lac Kha nang phan canh eua lac la mot nhiing nhan to' ed vai trd quan trpng tdi nang suat cua cay vi hau het nhiing hoa mpc d cac canh c&'p I, cap II la nhiing hoa cd kha nang hinh qua cao So' lieu tren bang cho thay, gio'ng L14 cd so' canh cap tiidng diidng vdi gio'ng MD7 Tuy nhien, b eac lieu liidng phan bdn khac thi kha nang phan canh ciing nhii chieu eao than chinh ed sii khac va cd xu hiidng tang dan theo cac lieu Ivfdng phan bdn, nhUng neu lieu liidng phan bdn tang eao (d CT4) thi kha nang phan canh ciing nhU chieu cao than chinh cua cay lai cd chieu hudng giam di (Hinh 1) B a n g Anh hifoing c u a lieu \\idn% p h a n b o n d e n t h d i g i a n s i n h trtioing c u a c a c gio'ng lac Gi6ng Thai gian ti> gieo • hoa Thoi gian hoa Thai gian sinh tru'O'ng (ngay) (ngay) (ngay) C T l (d/c) 48 17 115 CT2 46 18 116 CT3 46 20 119 CT4 44 21 121 CT1 (d/c) 47 16 115 CT2 46 19 118 CT3 45 21 120 CT4 43 22 121 Cong thi>c MD? L14 369 Anh hu'O'ng ciJa lieu lu'O'ng phan bon den sinh tru-gng, phat trien va nang suat lac tren dat B a n g A n h hvfdfng ciia lieu Ixidng p h a n bon den chieu cao t h a n c h i n h va k h a n a n g phan canh cua cac giong lac Phan canh Gidng Ch l u cao than chinh Cong th j-c C T l (d/c) Canh cap (canh) (canh) 3,6 1,8 CT2 35,7 4,2 2,0 CT3 39,0 4,4 2,6 CT4 35,6 4,1 2,4 C T l (d/c) 27,3 3,5 1,7 CT2 31,7 3,8 2,0 CT3 40,4 4,3 2,7 CT4 38,5 4,1 2,6 5,6 5,5 6,9 - 0,2 0,1 0,3 0,2 0,4 0,3 cv% Gidng LSDoos Canh cap 28,3 MD7 L14 - Phan bon Giong & phan bon c h i e u cao (cm) 4.'i.0 -MD7- MD7-2 MD7-3 MD7 - L14 - L14 - L14 - - L14 - ' Sau j^ieo (ngay) 28 3K 4K 5H 6H 7« 8K Thu hoMch Hinh Anh hifcfng lieu Ivfcfng phan bon den dong thai t a n g triidng chieu cao than 3.3 Anh hiidfng cua lieu liidng phan bon den chi so d i e n tich la Theo ket qua bang 3, chi so' dien tich la ciia lac thdi ky qua may tren ca gio'ng d 370 cdng thiic CT3 va CT4 deu cao hdn cdng thiie CTl, CT2 vdi LSD^os = 0,2 m' la/m- dat Hai gio'ng khong ed sii khac ve chi so' dien tich la tren ciing miic phan bdn Vu Dinh Chinh, Dd Thanh Trung Bang Anh hiicfng cua lieu liitfng phan bon d e n chi so d i e n tich la (m^la/m^ dat) Gidng Cong thLPC CT (d/c) CT2 CT3 CT4 MD7 Thai l