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I AH CHI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM ISguyen Thanh ISggc Bdo V Ttr HirdNG DAN C H A M D I E M BAI VAN N G H I LUAN KI T H I T O T N G H I E P TRUNG H O C P H O T H O N G N A M 2014, GOfI Y MOT SO TIEU CHI LAM[.]
I AH CHI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM ISguyen Thanh ISggc Bdo V Ttr HirdNG DAN C H A M D I E M B A I VAN N G H I L U A N KI T H I T O T N G H I E P T R U N G H O C P H O T H O N G N A M 2014, GOfI Y MOT SO TIEU CHI LAM CO Sd DANH GIA NANG LlTC LAM VAN NGHI LUAN CUA HQC SINH N G U Y E N T H A N H NGQC B A O ' TOM TAT Doi mai cdn bdn, todn diin gido due phd thong Id nhiem vu cdp thiit hiin cua gido due Viit Nam, doi moi kiim tra ddnh gid Id mot khdu yiu Muc tieu chinh cua viec doi mdi la chuyen tit ddnh gid kiin thuc, ki ndng sang ddnh gid nang luc cua hoc sinh (HS) Tic huong ddn chdm diem bdi vdn nghi ludn ki thi tot nghiip trung hoc phd thdng (THPT) ndm 20 J bdi viit gai y mot so tiiu chi ldm ca sa de ddnh gid ndng luc ldm vdn nghi luan ciia HS Tir khda: danh gia theo nang luc, lam van nghi luan, ki nang viet, tieu chi ABSTRACT Proposing some criteria for assessing students' psersuasive essay writing competence based on the writing marking guideline for high school graduation examination in 2014 Fundamental and comprehensive renovation ofprimary and secondary education is urgent task of Vietnamese education-nowadays, and assessment renovation is an important stage The main goal of the renovation is to shift from assessing knowledge andskills lo assessing students 'competence Based on the writing marking guideline for high school graduation examination in 2014, the article proposes some criteria for assessing students' persuasive essay writing competence Keywords: competence-based assessment, persuasive essay writing, writing skill, criterion Dat vkn d l D6i mai can ban, toan dien giao due ph6 thong la nhiem vy cip thilt hien D6i moi kiim tra danh gia la mot khau yiu cua qua trinh d6i moi giao due ph6 thong noi chung; dinh huong danh gia nang luc cua HS la mpt yeu cku then ch6t Muc tieu chinh Clia viec d6i mai la tap trung phat triin nang lire ciia nguai hoc di nang cao chdt Iwong dao tao ciang nhu chat lugng cua nguon nhan luc tucmg lai cho dat nuac Tu dat v4n dl biic thiet khong chi doi voi bg mon Ngii van la c&i d6i mai day hoc nhu the nao dk phat triin nang luc cua nguai hoc Lam thi nao de luang, danh gia muc nang luc ma nguai hoc dat duac? Trong ki thi T6t nghiep THPT nam 2014, \kn diu tien Bg Giao due va Dao 'ThS, TrLP&ng Dgi hpc Su- phgm TPHCM; Email: chinlinhan13282@yahoo.com 135 Y Kien irao aoi lao (GD&DT) d6i mai c^u tnic di thi (b6 sung cau hoi dgc - hieu) va doi mai mgt s6 npi dimg phan huong dan cham diim nhu la buoc di dau tien dl doi mai each thuc kiim tra, danh gia mon Ngu van theo dinh huong phat triin nang luc Tuy nhien, d6i voi phln Lam van {nghj luan xa hgi va nghi luan van hgc), theo danh gia ciia chiing toi, phan Huong dan cham diem co de cap den van de kT nang lam van nghi luan nhung each huong dan cham van chua that su danh gia dupc nSng lire lam van nghi luan Ciia HS Neu c3n cu vao yeu cau doi mai ve kiem tra danh gia theo dinh huong phat trien nang luc sau nam 2015 Clia Bp GD&DT thi Huong dan cham diem can phai dugc thay doi cho phii hgp vai yeu cSu moi Vi nhung li tren, tir viec xem xet va danh gia hudng dan cham hien hanh cua Bg GD&DT ciing vai viec tham khao y kien ciia cac chuyen gia ve danh gia luong va hgc tap mo hinh Huong din cho diem bai van nghi luan ciia NAPLAN, chung toi xin ggi y mgt s6 ti§u chi nhim xay dung Huong dan chim diim theo tieu chi phan tich (Rubric phan tich) d6i voi bai van nghi luan ma theo chiing toi la CO the danh gia duoc nang luc lam van nghi luan ciia HS Hirong dan chim dilm phan Lam van nghi luan ki thi tfit nghiep THPT nam 2014 2.1 Hu&ng ddn chdm diim Ve mat bo cue H u ^ g din chim 136 thi mon NgG van ki thi tot nghiep THPT nam 2014 gfim co phan: Huong dan chimg va Huang dan cham cu thS Trong phan "Huang dan chung" nam nay, Bp dac biet lim y giam khao t r ^ tinh trang "dem y tinh diem" Chiing toi cho rang yeu cau da khai tu khuynh huang cham diem chi chii trgng vao mat npi dung ton tai lau Ve mat noi dung, phan "Huong dan cham cu the" dugc chia lam hai phan (Dpc hieu va Lam van) Trong pham vi cua van de tim hieu, chiing toi xin di sau vao Huang dan cham diem phan Lam van nghi luan Trong phan Lam van, Huong d§n cham chia lam phan: Yeu cau ve kT nang, Yeu cau ve kien thuc va Cach cho diem •I* Yeu cau ve ki nang dupc trinh bay nhu sau: Thl sinh biet each lam bai van nghi luan van hpc, tu trinh bay suy nghT ve mot van de cua dm song xa hoi; Van dung tot cac thao tac lap luan; Khong mic 16i chinh ta, diing tir, ngfl- phap; Khuyen khich nhimg bm viet sang tao *> Yeu cau ve mat kiln thirc (chung toi xin khong de cap) • Cach cho diem dupc trinh bay duoi hinh thiic thang chim diim gim mirc diem va moi muc diim dupc mo ta kl luong cac yeu ciu cin dat vi mat noi dung va dien dat nhu sau: TAP CHI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Diim 6-7 Diem 4-5 Diim 2-3 Diem DiSmO Nguyen Thdnh Ngoc Bao Phan tich khat vpng cua nhan vat H6n Truong Ba mot each thuyet phuc, bay to diTffc suy nghi sau sic ciia ban than ve vdn de ngudi cdn duoc song Id chinh minh Bo cue ro rang, lap Iuan chat che, dien dat lun loat, co cam Xlic va sang tao; co the co vai sai sot ve chinh ta, diing tis Cff ban phan tich duoc khat vgng cua nhan vat Hon Truong Ba, neu du-ffc suy nghT ciia ban than ve vdn di ngiedi cdn duac song Id chinh minh Bo cue ro rang, lap luan tirong dfii chat che; mic mot so loi ve chinh ta, dung tir, ngir phap Chu^ iam ro diroc khat vgng ciia nhan vat Hon Truang Ba; phan bay to suy nghT Clia ban than ve van de ngudi duac sdng Id chinh minhcbnsoe sai; mac nhieu loi ve chinh ta, diing tur, ngir phap Chua hieu de; sai lac kien thuc; mac rat nhieu loi dien dat Khong lam bai hoac ho&n toan lac de Ghi chu: Chiing toi in ddm nhirng tir ngir md td mdc khdc cua tirng thang diem de tiin theo doi 2.2 Nhdn xet Hu&ng ddn cham phdn Ldm vdn *> Nhgin xet phan "Yeu cau ve kT nang" Yeu cau dau tien ve kT nang theo "Huong dan cham thi" la Thi sinh biit cdch ldm bdi nghi lugn vdn hoc nhung khong neu ro the nao la "biet each" Thiet nghT, neu muon danh gia nang luc lam van nghj luan ciia HS thi cin xac djnh cac tieu chi lam can cir va cac miic dat dupc tieu chi Yeu ciu thii hai la Van dung tot cdc thao tdc lap ludn Yeu cau nham danh gia nang luc lap luan ciia thi sinh, mpt yeu cau co ban ciia van nghi luan Tuy nhien, mirc "van dung tot" la thi nao thi chua dupc neu ro Neu muon danh gia nang lire lap luan ciia HS thi chiing ta nen mo ta ro cac miic dp van dung cac thao tac lap luan, trinh bay li le cac can Cli xac thuc di thuyit phuc nguoi dgc - Yeu cau thii ba la yeu cau ve mat dien dat nhu khong mac loi chinh ta, dung tir, ngu: phap Day cung la yeu cau quan trgng de danh gia nang luc su dung ngon ngtr bai van nghi luan ciia HS Phin ••Cach cho diem" da mo ta kha chi tiet miic dp ciia yeu cau Khuyen khich nhimg bdi viit sdng tao la ngi dung cuoi cimg phan yeu ciu vi mat kT nang Chiing ta nhan thay "tinh sang tao" theo Huong din cham khong phai la mgt yeu ciu bit bugc, chi mang tinh khuyin khich thi nen chi dugc di cap mgt each chung chung Tuy nhien theo yeu ciu doi mai can ban, toan dien giao due thong sau 2015 thi nang luc sang tao la nang lire thugc nhom ''Ndng luc ldm chu vd phdt trien bdn thdn " (Du thao Chuang trinh tong the giao due thong sau 2015) nen can dupc quy mpt tieu chi danh gia cu the cham diem bai van nghi luan 137 Y Kien trao aoi • Nhan xet phin "Cach cho diem" Theo suy nghT ciia chiing toi, "Cach cho diim" Huong dan cham thi nam 2014 vl ban chat chinh la mot Philu hirong dan danh gia theo tieu chi ting thl (holistic rubric) hay thang diem ting thi dupc dimg de danh gia nang lire thirc hienmot each tong the (chiing toi nhin manh) Timg miic diem tren thang tong the deu bieu tnmg mot diem nhin t6ng thi; mgt diem tdng hgp gin voi nang luc thuc hien cua HS Nhin vao hinh thuc cham diem chiing ta dl dang nhan thay nhimg gi HS da lam tot Day la mgt phuang phap danh gia tuong dii nhanh nhung van dam bao chat lugng va tinh khach quan "Cach cho diem" dua tren hai yeu cau cu the la npi dung va each dien dat Ve mat ngi dung, huong dan cho diem chi de cap ngan gpn cac miic yeu cau phan tich khat vgng cua nhan vat va bay to suy nghT ciia minh ve van de "con nguai can dupc song la chinh minh" vi da trinh bay kha cu the o phan "Yeu ciu ve kien thiic" Ve mat dien dat, -huong dan cham da de cap cac yeu cau sau: bo cyc, lap luan, dien dat, yeu ciu vl nang luc su dung ngon ngu (chinh ti, dimg tir, ngtr phap) Thilt nghT vcri yeu ciu danh gia kT nang, kiln thiic va thai ciia HS thong qua bai van nghi luan, huong din cham da dap iing dugc yeu cau de Tuy nhien, chiing ta can thay dii hinh thlic phieu cham va bo sung mgt s6 tieu chi neu muon danh gia dupc nang lire lam van nghi luan cua HS Tom lai, Huong dan chim diim phan Lam van Ki thi tit nghiep THPT nam 2014 dugc thiet ke de danh gia ki^n thlic, kT nang lam van nghi luan ciia HS Hinh thlic cham diem la phii hpp n^u chiing ta muon danh gia kien thiic ki nang, thai dp ciia HS mot each rieng re thong qua bai van nghj luan The nhimg neu muon danh gia nang lire ciia HS voi tu each m khd ndng ldm chii nhOng he thong kien thirc kT ndng thai phii hap v&i lu'a tuoi vd van hdnh kit noi chiing ^pt cdch hop li vdo thuc hiin thdnh cong nhiem vu hoc tap gidi quyet hieu qud nhirng vdn de ddt cho chinh cdc em ti'ong cuoc song [2, tr.55] thi chiing ta can thay doi hinh thirc danh gia de dap ling yeu cau Goi y mot so tieu chi lam co' so xay du-ng Phieu huong dan diinh gia theo tieu chi phan tich (analytical rubric) 3.1 Ca s& de xudt 3.1.1 Ddnh gid theo ndng luc khdc gi voi ddnh gid theo kien thuc, kT ndng? Nhu chiing ta da biet, pham trii nang luc thudng dupc hieu theo nhieu each khac va moi each hieu c6 nhung thuat ngu tuong irng Tir viec tim hieu khai niem '•nang lire" chung ta can lam ro khai niem ••nang lire" va "kT nang" CO sir phan biet nao khong Hieu theo nghta rpng kT nang bao hdm nhung kien thirc/nhimg hieu biit giup cd nhdn thich dng v&i hodn cdnh dieu kien thay ddi cdch hieu kT ndng giong nine la ndng luc [2 tr.54] Neu hieu theo nghla hep thi ki ndng Id nhihig thao tdc, nhuvg cdch thirc thuc hdnh van dung iri thirc/kinh nghiem ihuc hien mot hogt dong ndo moi trudng quen I ttr v^ni rs.nUA M U U tJI-Ibh* I KMUIVI thuoc [2, tr.54] KT xao la nhitng hdnh dong da tra nin tu dong hoa nho luyin tap [2, tr.54] Tir khai niem kJ nang va kT xao, chiing ta nhan thay kiin thiic, kT nang va kT xao la nhung to can thiit dl hinh nang lire mgt hoat dpng hay IThh vuc nao No la nhGng yeu to can (nhung chua du) di hmh nang lire Tiep thu nhimg hat nhan hgp li tir nhiiu each hieu vi nang luc, Nguyin Cong Khanh [2, tr.53] dinh nghia nang luc nhu sau: Ndng lyre la khd ndng ldm chu nhitng h$ thong kiin thuc, ki ndng, thdi vd van hdnh (ket noi) chung mgt cdch S' TiSu chi so sanh ^: lyguyen i nann jygoc oau hap li vdo thuc hiin thdnh cong nhiim vu hoac gidi quyit hiiu qud vdn di ddt cua cuoc song Tir dinh nghia lam ca so chiing ta nhan thay viec danh gia nang lyc lam van nghi luan cua HS bao ham ca viec danh gia kien thirc, kl nang lap luan, thai do, niem tin, gia tri, trach nhiem xa h9i, kha nang giao tiep, kha nang giai quyet van de, kha nang sang t^o , cua HS Bang duoi day tong hgp mgt so dau hieu CO ban giira danh gia nang luc nguoi hpc va danh gia kien thiic, kT nang cua ngucri hpc (chiing toi co lupc bo mgt so tieu chi so sanh va nhiing npi dung khong cin thiet doi vol de tai dang tim hieu) [2, tr.59] Danh gia kien thirc, - Danh gia kha nSng HS van dxmg - Xac dinh vi6c dat kien chii kien thuc, kT nang da hpc duoc vao thuc, kT nang theo muc tieu giai quyet van de thuc tien cua cugc ciia chuang trinh giao due song Gin voi ngi dung hpc tap (nhiing kien thuc, kT nang, Ngu canh danh Gan voi ngu canh hpc tap va thuc thai do) dugc hpc nha tiln cupc song ciia HS gia trucmg - Nhihig kien thiic, kT nang, thai dp - NhiJng kien thiic, kT nang, nhieu mon hgc, nhieu hoat dgng giao thai dp o mgt mon hpc cu due va nhung trai nghiem cua ban thi Npi dung danh than HS cupc song xa hgi (tap trung vao nang lire thuc hien) gia - Quy chuan theo cac miic phat - Quy chuan theo viec nguoi CO dat hay khong mpt ngi trien nang lire cua nguoi hgc dung da dupc hpc Cau hoi, bai tap, nhiem vu Nhiem vu, bai tap tinh huong, tinh huong han lam Cong cy danh gia boi canh thuc hoac tinh huong thue Muc dich yeu nhat Y Kien trao aoi Nhan xet: Nhu vay chiing ta thay tir sir khac biet v i muc tieu danh gia da dan din su khac biet co ban ve npi dung va cong cu danh gia Can dac biet luu y voi danh gia nang luc thi quy chuan danh gia la theo miic dp phat trien nang luc, voi danh gia kiin thiic, kT nang thi quy chuin la viec nguoi co dat hay khong mpt npi dung da dugc hpc Tir do, nlu muon danh gia nang luc lam van nghi luan Clia HS thi chung ta nhit thiit phai xay dung lai mgt hinh thiic danh gia (huang din cho diem) phii hpp voi muc tieu cua minh 3.1.2 Ddnh gid ndng luc viet la ddnh gid nhitng gi? Theo Bill Manh Hiing [3, tr.38] thi hinh thirc vd npi dung ddnh gid kit qud hQC tap cua HS phdi tuang thi'eh v&i quan diim xdy dung chuffng trinh theo dinh hu&ng phdt trien ndng luc vd dgy hoc tich hap, tap trung chu yiu vdo ddnh gid ndng luc dgc, viet, noi, nghe vd ndng luc tu cua HS, phu hop v&i hi thong chudn cdn dgt dat cdc bdi hgc a timg l&p [ ] Muon vdy, viic xdy dung cdc cdu hdi ddnh gid phdi dua vdo hi thong chudn cdn dgt doi v&i cdc kT nang doc, viit, ndi nghe Viic xdy dirng ddp dn clio cdc cdu hdi ddnh gid phdi dua tren cdc tiiu chi riing ddi v&i tirng hi ndng (dgc, viit, ndi, nghe) vd titng kieu bdi, tung kiiu vdn bdn (Chung toi nhin manh) Tac gia da de xuat bon tieu chi danh gia kT nang vilt nhu sau [3, tr.38]: Ve noi dung: khd ndng hiiu van bdn chu di tu tu&ng quan diim vd y dinh ciia tdc gid vdn bdn; khd ndng ndm 140 duoc sdng trinh dang ddc tnrng the loai vdn ban: linh tgo dgc ddo ciia cdc y tir&ng dir^ bdy; khd nang tap tnmg vdo di tai bdn vi hinh ihirc ngdn ngu chudn muc vi chinh ta tir virng ngu- phdp, phong cdch vd ngu dung (phit hap voi ngir cdnh, nhdt la v&i doi tirong tiep nhqn vd muc dich viit) Cdn chit y den kha ndng diing tir ngu va cdu true edit da dang ciia nguoi viet vi kit cdu muc phii hap VOT cdc the logi van ban nhu vdn bdn mieu td, vdn bdn tir su vdn ban bieu cdm, van bdn thuyet minh vdn bdn nghi lugn van hgc vd xd hoi: linh lien kel vd mgch lgc phgm vi mgt doan vdn vd giua cdc doan vdn mgt van bdn vi kha ndng biiu dat vd lap luan: miec bieu clot ro rdng logic vd co hm qud cdc y tirdng khd ndng phdn tich, siiy dodn, lap ludn vd sir dung cdc li le bdng chirng (chl tiit, so lieu hay cdc vi du ve nguoi thdt viec that ) ho trg cho cdc qud trinh Nhan xet: Doi chieu vai cac lieu chi danh gia nang lire viet theo gai y ciia Biii Manh Hiing thi hinh thirc Huong d^ cham diem bai van nghi luan nam 2014 hien chii yeu thien ve danh gia noi dung kien thirc, co de cap den kT nang van dung cac thao tac lap luan theo dac tnmg the loai van ban nghi luan nhung chua chli trpng diing miic kha nang bieu dat va lap luan cung nhu kha nang ihuyet phuc nguai dpc ciia bai viet Do la nhirng diim chiing ta cin thay doi a hinh thitc danh gia mai 3.1.3 Rubric Id gi?" Vi nen su dmg J I AK um KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM hinh thirc ddnh gid rubric? Theo Nguyin Thi H6ng Van [4, tr.l55] doi v&i bg cong cu la cdc cdu hoi mo thi mgt nhiing cdch chdm diem Id xdy dung rubric, Id mgt tap hop cdc tiiu chi vd minh chirng xdc dmh cdc cdch trd l&i cua HS ciing v&i nhirng chi so thuc hien doi v&i moi kit qud dgt duac quy dinh & mot mirc chudn cu thi Nhitng chi so ndy duoc trinh bdy ro rdng di tdt cd mgi nguoi co the hiiu HS cdn phdi ldm gl, ket qud vd minh chung duoc kit qud hgc tap & mdi mpt miec dp (tot, khd, trung binh hay khong dgt) Viic chdm diim theo rubric cung c&p nhirng thdng tin cu thi, xdc thuc giup cho viec phdn tich, xir li kit qud ddnh gid duac chinh xdc, khdch quan (Chiing toi nhan manh) Nhan xet: Mpt nhimg yeu cau CO ban doi voi viec danh gia la phai chinh xac, khoa hpc va khach quan Rubric la hinh thiic huang dan cho diem dap ling tot nhung yeu cau Mat khac, tir vice rubric co the minh chimg ket qua hgc tap o moi miic dp khac co the han che dupc tinh trang chenh lech diem kha lon giira hai giam khao Idii cham mgt bai van nghi luan - tinh trang kha nhiic Nguyen Thdnh Nggc Bdo nhoi cong tac cham thi ma den van chua co bien phap khac phuc hieu qua 3.1.4 Phiiu hu&ng ddn chdm diem bdi vdn nghi lugn cita NAPLAN NALAN la Chuang trinh danh gia quoc gia mon Van va Toan hang nam ciia Uc (triin khai tir nam 2008) danh cho HS cac lop 3, 5, va Toan the HS cac cap se lam cac bai kiem tra ve Dpc, Viet, Quy ucrc ngon ngir (chinh ta, van pham va phep cham cau) va mon Toan Chucmg trinh NAPLAN khao sat nhirng kT nang thiet yeu ma moi HS can phai co de tien bp truang va cupc song Rieng de thi Viet yeu cau HS phai viet bai van de tra loi de bai Cau hoi mau va de bai thi Viet mau cting nhu Huong dan cham diem deu dupc thong bao cong khai truac ki thi bat dau Nhan thay muc tieu kiem tra va hinh thiic cham diem mon Viet cua NAPLAN co nhieu diem tuong dong voi Viet Nam nen chiing toi chpn tham khao mo hinh Bai viit cua HS dupc NAPLAN danh gia bSng each sir dung Phieu huong dan cham diem theo tieu chi (rubric kieu phan tich) gom 10 tieu chi sau [5]: Kha nang tap trung, lien he va thuyet phuc ngucri dpc ciia ngucri viet To chiic,cac phan ciia bai van nghj luan (giai thieu, than bai, kit luan) mot van ban co cau tnic thi'ch hpp va hieu Cau triic van ban qua Lua chpn, sap xep va xay dung cac y tucmg lap luan Y tuong thuyet phuc Phuang thlic l$p Sir dung hang loat cac phuang tien lap luan de phat trien y kien 4' Clia nguoi viet va thuyet phuc nguoi dpc lu|ui Nguoi dgc Y kien trao doi ijtf o[ /J,) nam luil Tir ngii Su lien mach lac Su phan doan Cau tnic cau Dau cau 10 ket Chinh ta Pham vi va dp chinh xac ciia su lua chpn ngon ngir thich hpp theo ngu- canh Lam chii dupc cac tieu chii de va cac moi lien he xuyen van va ban bing each sir dung nhiing tir ngii lien ket, phep tinh lupc, lien kit van ban, tirhoac to hgp tir thay the Phan chia van ban cac doan hgp li giiip ngucri dgc theo doi dugc mach lap luan Viet cau diing ngu phap, cau tnic chat che va co y nghTa Sir dung diu chim cau diing va phii hgp de ho trp viec dpc van ban Dp chinh xac cua chinh ta va dp kho cua tir dugc sir diing Bang duoi day cho thay pham vi diem so ciia timg tieu chi (TC:48 di8m) NguM dpc 0-6 C i u " :-3^ tnic Y van tucmg ban 0-4 0-5 Phucmg; ti?n l§p lu3n 0-4 Tir ngii 0-5 So sanh hinh thirc cham NAPLAN va cua Viet Nam: - Ve mat hinh thiic, NAPLAN cham diem bai van nghi lugn bang hinh thuc rubric phan tich Hucmg din chim diem cua Viet Nam duoc bo cue phan; Yeu cau ve icT nang, Yeu ciu vh kien thiic va Cach cho diem (co miic diem dugc mo ta ro rang ve miic can dat ve ngi dung va dien dat) Khi so sanh 10 tieu chi danh gia nang luc lam van nghi luan cua HS thong qua bai van nghi Iuan ciia NAPLAN voi phan Yeu cdu ve ki n5ng va Cach cho diem ciia Hucmg dan chim diSm bai van nghi luan cua Viet Nam ki thi nam 2014 ta thiy co den didm tuong dong DiSm khac nhit la tieu chl "NguBi doc" o Huong din cho diSm ctia Viet Nam khong co Tieu chi theo chiing toi co vai tro rat quan trgng vi yeu 142 • s v •' Sv • , liSn; • • phan kir dogn 0-4 0-3 ciu ,'DAU' tnici), 'cau cSu, i 0-6 0-5 Chiiih Ik ' 0-6 cau CO ban ciia van ban nghi luan la tinh thuyet phuc doi vai nguoi dgc Bo qua tieu chi se khong danh gia chinh xac dugc nang luc thuyet phuc nguoi dgc cua ngucri vi6t 3.2 Ggi y mot so tieu citi xay dung Rubric cliim diem tlieo tieu citl ti Unit gid nang luc Idm van nghi luan cia HS Tir viec phan tich Huong dfa cho diem bai van nghi luan ki thi t6t nghiep THPT nam 2014, tham khao hinh thiic chim diam theo tieu chi phan tich cua NAPLAN ciing nhu cac y kiSn cua cac chuyen gia ve chuong trinh va kiSm tra danh gia, chiing toi xin trinh bay mgt s6 ggi y nhu sau: 3.2.1 Phieu Hu'ong din cho diim nen du-gc thilt ke iuin hinh thiic Phieu hu'dng din danh gia theo tieu chl phan tich (analytical rubric) Rubric phan tich la mot tap hap cdc tieu chi dime cu TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyen Thdnh Nggc Bao the hoa thdnh cdc chi bdo, chi so hay cdc biiu Men hdnh vi cd thi quan sdt duoc, dim duoc, thi hiin muc dgt duac Clia muc tiiu hoc tap vd duac sir dung de ddnh gid hogc thong bdo ve sdn phdm, ndng luc thuc Men, hodc qud trinh thuc hiin nhiim vu ciia nguoi hgc" [2, tr.21] Tu ta thay hinh thuc danh gia co the dap iing dugc yeu cau danh gia nang luc lam van nghi luan cua HS Buoc dau tien de xay dung mgt rubric danh gia la phai xac djnh dugc muc tieu danh gia, tiic tra loi cau hoi "GV muon danh gia nhung nang lijc nao cua HS san pham cuoi ciing?" Sau tiep tuc dat cau hoi "GV muon danh gia san pham cua HS o' nhihig khia canh nao?" Rubric theo tieu chi phan tich co the bao gom mpt hoac nhieu khia canh nang lire thuc hien dupc danh gia, cac dinh nghia/vi du lam Hinh thuc ^ngon dung Tuy vao yeu cau cu the Clia debai Ket cau - Diy dli - Chinh ta - Tir vimg phin: mcf bai - Ngu phap Phong each than bai ngon ngii phii hop ket bai - Ngon ngu phu -Phan hop vcri doi tuong dpan hgp ll tiep nhan sang to nhung yeu to dang dugc danh gia va mpt thang diem cho timg khia canh Cac khia canh thuang dugc gpi la tieu chi, thang danh gia dugc gpi la mirc dp va dinh nghia dupc gpi la thong tin mo ta Muc tieu danh gia lam van nghi luan ki thi tot nghiep thong sau nam 2015 chinh la danh gia nang luc lam van nghi luan ciia HS Nang lire phai dupc xac dinh thong qua cac tieu chi Cac tieu chi can co thong tin mo ta va dugc xac dinh ro qua thang danh gia 3.2.2 Tic viec tham khao 10 tieu chi Phieu huang dan cham diem bai van nghiluan ciia NAPLAN, chiing toi xin ggi y tieu chi danh gia de xay dung Phieu huang dan cho diem bai van nghi luan theo huang danh gia nang luc phil hpp voi tinh hinh Viet Nam nhu sau: Kha nang lap mach lac lu^n van b i n : * Kha nang - Co sir dung cac phan tich, suy phucmg tien va doan phuong thlic lien - Kha nang lap kit iuan va su- - Van ban mach lac vi CO lien ket dung if ie - Kha nang dua npi dung va lien bing chiing ket hinh thiic thuyit phuc Doi chieu voi cac tieu chi ciia NAPLAN, chiing toi gdp tieu chi: "Diu cau, c i u triic cau, Chinh ta" mpt tieu chi chung nhu truyin thing danh gia bai van nghi luan tir truoc din Viet Nam la '"Hinh thirc ngon ngii" Tinh sang tato - Co y tuang sang tao - Co su dung cac hinh thuc ngon ngii sang tao Cac tieu chi "Cau tnic van ban" va "Sir phan doan" ciia NAPLAN dupc chiing toi gpp mpt tieu chi chung la "Ket cau" de danh gia nang luc ket cau va to chlie npi dung bai van ciia HS Con tieu chi "Nguoi dpc" tham 143 Y kien trao 66\ khao tir NAPLAN chung toi dua vao nhu mpt npi dung phan ciia tieu chi "Hinh thlic ngon ngii", cu the la kha nang su dung ngon ngii ciia HS cho phii hgp voi dii tugng tiep nhan Bai vi co quan tam din dii tugng tiip nhan thi HS mai iua chgn ngon ngu va gipng dieu cho phil hop voi thj hieu tham mT ciia doi tupng ay Cac tieu chi lai nhu: "Npi dung, Kha nang lap luan, Lien ket va mach lac van ban", chiing toi chi ke thua tir truyen thong danh gia bai van nghi luan tic truoc den a nuoc ta Rieng tieu chi "Sang tao", chiing toi lira chpn nham danh gia nang lire sang tao Clia HS the hien a nhihig bai van co y tuong mcri me va hinh thirc ngon ngii phii hgp, sang tao truyen tai quan diem cua nguoi viet den ngucri dgc Sau xac dinh dupc cac tieu chi cu the, chung ta se tien hanh phan chia timg buoc cac miic dp chat lugng cu the Cac miic dp phan bac can phai mo ta chinh xac miic chat lupng tuong iing tir kem den tot Tuy nhien, viec phan chia va mo ta vo ciing phiic tap va kho khan nen pham vi hep ciia bai viit chiing toi chua the trinh bay Sau xay dung dugc rubric kiiu phan tich can thiet ke cac bai chim miu va hucmg dan cham cac trucmg hgp thuang gap de giam khao tien tham khao CJ Viet Nam hien truoc bat diu cong viec cham thi, chung ta cung ti chiic cham mau truoc hpi ding giao vien va thao luan dap an nhim thing nhit each cham diem Tuy nhien, chiing toi nghT nen dinh kem theo huong din chim 144 JO i}\/£,) nam ID i^ thi nhiing bai cham miu dua tren cac trucmg hpp tieu bi-iu thi se hieu qua hon Ket luan 4.1 Hinh thiic cham diem Lam \an ki thi tot nghiep thong nam 2014 da dap ling dugc muc tieu danh gia kiin thiic va kT nang lam van nghi luan cua HS Tuy nhien, neu muon danh gia duoc nang liic lam van nghi luan cua HS theo dinh huong doi moi kiem tra danh gia tir sau nam 2015 cua Bp GD&DT thi chiing ta khong the khong doi moi hinh thiic chim diem Bai viet da trinh bay hinh thiic cham diem van nghi luan hien o Viet Nam va nhan xet ca uu diem va nhuoc diem de dat van de can phai thay doi hinh thirc cham diem bai van nghj luan cua HS cac ki thi tot nghiep tir sau nam 2015 trodi 4.2 Tren co so tham khao y kiSn cac chuyen gia ve kiem tra danh gia Viet Nam hien ciing nhu hpc hoi tir mo hinh "Phieu huong dan cham diem bai van nghi luan" cua NAPLAN, chimg toi da ggi y tieu chi can thiit de xay dung mgt hinh thiic cham diim co the danh gia toan dien nang luc lam van nghi luan cua HS la rubric kieu phan tich (Huong din chim diim theo tieu chi phan tich) B^i viet chi la nhiing ggi y buoc dau, chua phai la mgt cong trinh nghien ciiu trinh bay mgt Rubric chim bai van nghi luan hoan chinh nen chic chin khong tranh khoi tinh chit so lugc Chiing toi se tiep tuc nghien ciru de xay dung mgt Huong dan cham diem theo tieu chi phan tich hoan chinh de viec danh gia nang li;c lam van nghi luan ciia HS dupc chinh xac va hieu qua hon TAP CHI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyin Thdnh Nggc Bdo TAI L l f u THAM KHAO Bg Giao due va Dao tao (2014), Xdy dung chuong trinh gido due phd thdng theo dinh hu&ng phdt triin ndng luc hqc sinh Nguyen Cong Khanh (chu bien) (2014), Tdi lieu kiem tra ddnh gid gido due (ddnh cho gido vien thong), HaNgi Biii Manh Hiing (2014), "Phac thao chuong trinh Ngii van theo dinh huong phat triin nang luc" Tap chi Khoa hoc Tru&ng Dai hoc Su pham TPHCM 56(90) Nguyen Thi Hong Van (2014), "Danh gia ket qua hgc tap mon Ngu: van theo dinh huong danh gia nang luc" Tap chi Khoa hgc Truong Dai hgc Su pham TPHCM 56(90) http: //www nap edu.au (Ng^y Tda so?n ntiin duuc bii 30-01-2015; phan bien dinh gii ngiy chip nh$n dSng: 22-6-2015) 10-4-2015: ... "Huong dan cham thi" la Thi sinh biit cdch ldm bdi nghi lugn vdn hoc nhung khong neu ro the nao la "biet each" Thiet nghT, neu muon danh gia nang luc lam van nghj luan ciia HS thi cin xac djnh... ciu thii hai la Van dung tot cdc thao tdc lap ludn Yeu cau nham danh gia nang luc lap luan ciia thi sinh, mpt yeu cau co ban ciia van nghi luan Tuy nhien, mirc "van dung tot" la thi nao thi chua... [3, tr.38] thi hinh thirc vd npi dung ddnh gid kit qud hQC tap cua HS phdi tuang thi'' eh v&i quan diim xdy dung chuffng trinh theo dinh hu&ng phdt trien ndng luc vd dgy hoc tich hap, tap trung chu