KHA NANG TIEP NHAN VAN HOC CUA TRE MAU GIAO 5 6 TUOl O PGS, TS H A NGUYEN KIM GIANG* Kha ndng tiep nhqn van hoc cua tre mau qiao tri tu tuong phu hgp vai tre ma con can huong tre duoc phat trien cung[.]
KHA NANG TIEP NHAN VAN HOC CUA TRE MAU GIAO 5-6 TUOl O K PGS, TS H A NGUYEN KIM GIANG* ndng tiep nhqn van hoc cua tre mau qiao tri tu tuong phu hgp vai tre ma can huong tre duoc phat trien cung voi sy tich luy kinh nghiem xa hoi va sy phat trien doi song tam li cua chinh duo tre Doi voi tre mau giao 56 tuoi, cdm nhqn tha'm mT dd co mqt buoc phat trien ddng ke Tre tiep nhan tdc phd'm vdn hoc d6y du, hodn thien hon, bilu hien truoc tien Id von hieu biet vdn hoc (nhung cdu chuyen co tich, bdi tho, nhCrng doqn vdn xuoi hay) vd tinh cdm duoc Idm gidu quo qud trinh tich luy hinh tuqng nghe thuqt Dieu quon trqng Id can phdt trien o tre sy huong tai mqt cdch tham mT cdc gid tri tac phd'm, thu doi vdi viec nghie, suy nghT ve hinh tuqrng nghe thuqt de phan biet duqc hinh tuqmg nghe thuqt vdi hien thye cuqc sd'ng Bang nhCmg tdc dqng su phqm, chung to se hinh thdnh vao cam nhqn gia tri hinh thuc cua cac tac pham van hoc Tre co khd nang suy nghi sou ve noi dung tac pham van hoc va hieu mot so dqc trung hinh thuc the hien nqi dung, phan biet duqc cdc the loai vdn hoc vd ddc trung cua tung the loai Chung d l ddng phdn biet vdn xuoi vd tho, chi tho Id nhung ddng ngdn co sy nhjp nhdng, co giai dieu, tinn cdm, duqc viet o giOo trang Dieu cung c6 nghTa Id tre dd nhdn duqc tfnh nhip dieu vd cdu tqo van, sy ngdn ngo cua nhung cdu tho Cdn vdn xuoi cd ngu dieu bieu cdm gan voi nhip d'?u gipng "oi, chodn cd chieu ngang trang gidy Tre phdn biet truyen co' tich tu cdng thuc md ddu «ngdy xua ngdy xua" vd Id'i ket thuc cd hdu cdc nhdn vdt nhd be, luong thien nhdn vqt, tinh cdch cua nhdn vdt vd duo ro cdc nhdn x6t ddnh gid cua minh Cung voi nhung kinh nghiem cd duoc, sy quan tdm toi tdc phd'm vdn hqe se giup tre hieu duoc ndi dung tdc phd'm, ede nhdn vdt trd nen gdn gui de hieu hon Sy cdm thdng voi nhdn vdt, su lo long eho so' phdn cua nhdn vdt d tre cung mang ddc diem ed tinh hon Trong lo long vd suy nghTve nhung gi diln ro tdc phd'm, tre em dd suy nghT, ddnh gid ve hien thuc chung dong song, hoe cdch so sdnh, dd'i chieu nhi/ng su kien eude song don gidn, d l hieu vdi su the hien cdc hinh tuong nghe thudt • a luo tud'i 5-6, cdm nhdn ve hinh thue nghe thudt tdc phd'm d tre tdng len rd ret, hinh thdnh su chuy tdi cdc phuang tien ldi ndi diln cdm Trong ndm bdt dm dieu, nhoc tinh eua bdi tho, tre so sdnh «tho cu nhu hdt"' Su phdt triln vd hodn thien cdm nhdn v l hinh tuong nghe thudt Idm tdng them cdm hu^ng cua tre, giijp tre' hilu ndi dung cdc tdc phdm vdn hoc Trong qud trinh ndy, nhd su phqm khdng ehi don thudn giup tre nhqn ra, hilu biet sdu sdc gid tri nqi dung, ddc biet Id gid hqe Cung vi vqy, dqj: vd ke cho tre nghe, nhd't thiet phdi cho tre hieu yd rung cdm khdng chi nqi dung tu tudng tdc pham md cd nhung gid ^" ngli? thuqt, ddc trung cd'u true the loqi phu hqp vdi khd ndng cua tre bang viee gidi thieu ten the loqi gan vdi ten tdc phd'm, hudng tre vdo nhung hinh tuong, nhung tu ngu nghe thuqt Muc phdt trien ldi ndi, tri tue, kinh nghiem cua tre 5-6 tudi dd phdt trien Khd ndng quan sdt the gidi xung quonh d trinh coo hon dd dan den mot thye te Id nhung tdc phdm mang nqi durig^gdn vdi hi$n thye cuqc sdng md d tre ed the tim thd^ nhung sy kien vd hodn cdnh quen thuqc cd the md rqng, cuna cd, dinh hinh ^^^^9 "'eu biet cua minh Id tdc pham md chung rat thich Cdc em thu that sy duqc nghe ^J'^^ tpc phdm ke ve thien nhien, cdc van de ^^^^ ^e kT thuqt, mdt sd hien tuqng ddi ^dng xd hqi Cdc cdu hdi tre ddt cdng ngdy «:°"9 ^ ^^ ^'^> ^^^""9 | " " " ""^ "^'eu nguyen "^^^n nhung sy kifn md chung quan sdt duoc vd tim cdch dy dodn ket qud Nhieu em troi rdt quan * Tnrdng Bai lipc stf pliam Ha Noi Tap chi Giao due so (ki i 7/2011) tdm den cdc vdn de kl thudt vd mudn biet xem: «cdi nd chqy nhu t h i ndo ?", «cdi ndy Idm bdng gi nhi ?" Thien nhien xung quanh, nhung mdi quon h§ ddu tien thdn thilt vd cd nhi/ng mdu thudn cuqc sdng, sy lya chqn bqn b6, kit bqn rdi chia toy tdt cd ldi keo tr^ vdo mqt loqt nhung quan h§ mong tfnh ngudi phuc tqp Nhung tdc phdm md de tdi Id nhung bqn cung lua tudi, quon he gia dinh, thien nhien duoc t r i ySu thfeh Cdc em cung thich nhdn vdt duqc d$t vdo nhung hodn cdnh khd khdn, bdt ngd khdng dodn dugc sd phdn Trqng tdm chu y cua chung \6 hdnh dqng nhdn vqt chu khdng phdi nhung mieu td cung nhu ndi tdm cua nhdn vqt Mdt y l u td rdt quon trqng viec Idm cho t r i lua tudi mdu gido quon tdm d i n vdn hqe Id hudng cho chung quan tdm d i n ldi ndi vd tu Tr6 rd't thfeh cdc bdi luyen tdp kilu «ndi ddng ndu dc, ndi ddt nd'u Ich", cdch md ddu dqi loqi: «Ngdy xua ngdy xua, mqt ngdi nhd nhd, mdt Idu ddi nq , cd mdt chdng trai khdi ngd vd tudn tu, ed mdt ndng cdng chua eye ki xinh dep " Tre hilu vd phdn tich tdc phd'm vdn hoc thdng quo vdn kinh nghiem vd trinh tu cua chung, dieu ndy ddi Idm meo md tdc phdm Bdi, y thuc eua ddc gid tre tud'i ndy, dilu quon trqng khdng phdi Id y tudng nhd vdn mudn t h i hien md quan trqng hon Id cdi md ddc gid tim thdy phu hqp vdi kinh nghiem bdn thdn Trong mdt cdng trinh nghien cuu, sou nghe cd gido ke, dqc, duofc hdi v l nhOng sy kien budn cdu chuyen «Cd be bdn diem" cua H.C.Andecxen, cdc em da sdp xIp thu ty nhu sou: 1) E)dnh mdt gidy de cdu be eudi eho; 2) Bi Iqnh cdng; 3) Cdy thdng Nd-en vua xudt hien dd biln mdt; 4) Khdng cd eho me; 5) Bi chit Trong trudng hqp ndy, rd rdng tre em phdn tich tdc phd'm theo kinh nghiem cuqc sdng cuo minh, dua len tren nhung vdn de md chung cdm nhdn duqc cung nhu trdi quo, duo xudng hdng thu y l u nhung sy kien truu tuqng vd xo Iq vdi thye te cuqc sdng cuo ehiing Cd gido cdn chu y giup dd, hudng dan tre tilp nhqn tdc phdm de v i ^ hilu ndi dung tu tudng tdc phdm cuo t r i duqc ddy 6K), sdu sdc Tuy nhien, thu vdn hoc d t r i lua tud'i ndy mqt mdt duqc tqo nen bdi nhimg cdi gdn gui, quen thudc vdi tre, mdt khdc Id sy tim thu cua tdm li hoc hien dqi Sy kit hqp dung ddn hoi ylu td tren dem vdn hqe d i n eho tre se dem d i n nhCrng kit qud ddng mung O lua tudi mau gido, tr^ thudng coi nhung gi nghe duqc truyen Id cdi cd thuc ngodi ddi Qud trinh phdn biet hu cdu vdn hoc vd cuqc ddi that y thuc cua tr^^phy jhuqc vdo muc thdng minh, cung nhu diln biln eua nhOng cuqc tilp xuc cua t r i voi vdn hqe vd dnh hudna cua moi trudng gido dye Tre cd khd ndng phdn biet duqc hinh tuqng vdn hqe voi hien thye cuqc sd'ng nhd qud trinh huong ddn cua nhd su phqm Nhung tri thuc, kinh nghiem md tre cd duqc se tqo cho tre khd ndng phdn biSt vd ddnh gid hinh tuqng nghe thudt tdc phdm vdn hoc Viec td chuc cho tre trdi nghi§m nghe thudt quo dqc tho dien cdm, ke Iqi truy§n vd nhdp vai trd choi ddng kich se Idm cho sy tilp nhqn vdn hoc cua tre tro nSn sdu sdc hon Tri em lua tudi ndy rdt de ndm bdt nhung hodn cdnh duoc de cdp d i n vdn hoc, tiep tuc phdt triln chung cdc trd choi Su nghe cd tdp trung se b i l n ddi ve chdt su ehu y cua tre Nd trd thdnh tuong ddi ben vCmg vd keo ddi mdt thdi gion neu viec dqc, ke tdc phd'm cua cd giao cd sue ldi cudn tre Phat triln tfnh tdp trung nghe tdc phdm cuo tre Id mot nhung nhiem vy quon trqng eua gido dye tre em Dieu ndy se tqo dieu kien, ndng coo trinh tilp nhdn vdn hqe cua tre Kha ndng tqp trung nghe vdn bdn nghe thuqt cua tre phdt triln neu ngudi ta dqc tdc phdm cho tre nghe nrjqt cdch co he thdng, khdng cd cdc ki gidn doqn N l u viec dqc, ke duqc thuc hien mqt each thudng xuyen, lien tuc, cd k l hoqch d trudng mdm non cung nhu d nhd thi se hinh thdnh mqt cdch nhonh chong thu dqc d tre Vd d t r i , sue nghe duqc cung cd, phdt trien dieu kien nghe tqp the Idp Tren co sd dd tre bilt Idng nghe