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Q NGHIEN CflU GIAO DUC Ki NANG H0P TAC CHO TRE MAU GIAO 5 6 TUOI THONG QUA CAC HOAT OONG d T R U O N G MAM NON ThS VUTH! NHAN Tnrdng Bai hoc Thd B^u MAI BInh Bifimg I Datv ln t fe Hifn nay, mye t i fu[.]
Q NGHIEN CflU _ GIAO DUC Ki NANG H0P TAC CHO TRE MAU GIAO 5-6 TUOI THONG QUA CAC HOAT OONG d TRUONG MAM NON ThS VUTH! NHAN Tnrdng Bai hoc Thd B^u MAI - BInh Bifimg I.Datvlntfe Hifn nay, mye tifu hpc tap d e trfldng mam non da cd sfl thay ddi Ngfldi hpc khdng chi linh hdi kiln thflc cd san v i phat trien ning lyc tri tuf ma cdn hlnh thinh va phit triin d c ki ning (KN) gili quyet d e mdi quan hf x i hdi cd hieu qui KN hpp tie (KNHT) l i mot nhflng KN sdng eiia ngfldi nhlm gilt quylt hifu q u i cac van d l xly cupe sdng c i nhin, hpc tap v i cdng viec Dot vdi tre, die bift l i lila tudi mau giio, hpp t i c l i KN quan trpng d n dfloc nha trUdng df cao giao dye (GD) Do dd, viec GD, phit trien KNHT phai dflpc xle djnh theo quy trinh nhat djnh, bang d e phfldng tien ey the, d l tao difu kien cho giio vien (GV) mam non viee giflp trf phat triin KN Giao due ki nang hdp tac cho t r f mau giao S-6 tu6i thong qua cac hoat tfong drtrifcfng mam non 2.1 Khdi niim gido due kT ndng hop tdc cho tre mau gido (5-6) tuoi GD KNHT cho trf mlu giao l i qui trinh tic ddng sfl pham cd myc dieh, k l hoach efla nhi GD den trf nhlm hinh thanh, phit trien nang phdi hpp hanh ddng de cCing thfle hien hieu qui mpt nhiem vy dfla tren nhflng tri thflc v i vdn kinh nghifm da ed ^ l u kifn nhit dinh 2.2 Y nghia eda viic gido due ki ndng hop tdc eho tri mau gido 5-6 tuoi GD KNHT cho tre Id giup hinh thdnh vd phdt triin nhan edeh eho trt Cie mdi quan he xa hpi ma trf tham gia cang phong phii, da dang cing gdp phin via vifc hoan thifn nhin each cua trf Sy k i t hpp va phdi hop d c hoat ddng (HO) eiia tre nhdm choi da tao nhflng mdi quan hexi hdt dde dio, dien hlnh VI vly, tham gia vio d e HD chung, bing HO giao tilp, trf tich cflc chilm linh cie mot quan he xa hdi Day l i nen ting efla qua trinh phittrien nhan d c h GD KNHT cho tri Id tgo co hdi di tre dugc chai vd ren luyen cdc KN khdc qua chai: Trf ed t h i lam dfldc nhilu vifc m i thye t f khdng the lim dfldc Do dfldc thoi man nhu d u , tre cd nhilu niem vui, tinh thin sing khoai, phan khdi v i tang cUdng sflc khof Khi eflng choi nhdm, trf seco sat hoc hdi Iln Trf bilt thda thuan de phin vat choi, hinh ddng choi, bilt lang nghe y kiln va chia sf, Cd the ndi, ehoi nhdm ban l i nhu d u bflc thilt cua trf de nhen nhdm tinh cieh v i trd choi cung la ndi dung ehCi ylu de tap hop trf nhdm GD KNHT cho tri Id gidp tri budc vao cudc sdng xd hdj: Thdng qua HD vdi cie ban nhdm,'tre tU tim kifm sfl hoan thien eua nhflng quan he gifla ngfldi vdi ngfldi Vi vay, choi theo nhdm la eo sd ban dau d l trf xay dflng each flng xfl cCia minh GD KNHT cho trf la tao eho trf cic kinh nghiern vf quan he dao dflc, quan hf trich nhifm va giiip dd lan nhau, cung hfldng den muc tieu chung, lam niy sinh rung d m v l nhau, hinh ddng cd chung cua t i p t h i HD nhdm day trf nhflng bai 42 •KHOAHOCGlAODUC hpc cd g i i trj, hlnh thinh nhflng KN x i hdi, dem lal sy t h o i man v l ning cao hflng thfl choi cho trf 2.3 Phuang tiin gido due kindng bgp tdc cho tri mdu gido (5-6 tuoi) Vui chai, hpc tap, lao ddng l i ba dang HO co bin eua eon ngfldi va eung la ba HD co b i n trfldng mim non t h i htfn cic trinh dd phit triin theo bic thang 2.3.1 Hoatddng vuiehal d Ifla tu^i mau giio ldn, trd ehoi chung dflpc cdi li sfl kft hpp gifla mdn hpc va trd chdi, ddi thoai dfla trfn eic vai trd khac va giao tilp Trd chdi dupc long ghep vdi ehfl dilm chung, chdi thed chfl de, chti dilm vdi d c dung va nguyen vat heu theo chfl diem dd Vf du: Chfl dilm "the gidi ddng vit", " t h i gidt thyc vit" "mfla xuin" thi dd choi cic gdc choi phin inh theo chfl df chfl diem Ddng thdi ndi dung choi cung theo dting chii de, chfl diem Chdi la HD quan trpng doi vdi sy phit trien tam li trf em Choi la HO phin Inh lao dpng va cupe sdng ciia ngfldi ldn HO lifn quan chat che vtS sy phit triin xa hpi va vdi sfl thay doi vj tri efla trf cac mdi quan hf xa hdi Do vly, trd choi dfldc coi la HO ehfl dao efla trf mau giao, la mdt phUPng tien GD tre em mpt d c h nhe nhang va hufl hifu 2.3.2 Hogt dgng hgc tap dtudi mau giao, IHO hoc t i p ehfla dfloc hlnh thinh day dCt Trong nhieu HO, die biet l i HO vui choi, d tre mau gllo da xuat hien nhflng yeu td ciia HO hpctip Trong eupc song hang ngay, tre da tilp thu dflOe mdt Iflpng tri thflc ding k l v l t h i gidi xung quanh trf trye tiep nhin thay, nghe thay v i sd thay hoac ngfldi Idn ke lai Tfl dd, the gidi bieu tflpng ctia trf cung phong phfl d i n len va lim niy sinh tfnh ham bilu b i l t hflng thti nhin thflc, mudn kham pha nhflng dilu mdi la De hinh nhflng hflng thii ben vflng v i niy sinh nhflng KN tri tue, GV day trf cie hlnh thflc to chfle die biet gpi la "tilt hpc" Trong "tiet hpc", GV day eho trf nhflng tri thflc, KN tflOng ddi ed he thong v l eic linh vyc cOa ddi sdng ty nhifn va xa hdi theo chfldng trinh nhit djnh Ddng thdi GV b i t dau df nhflng yeu d u nhit djnh vf mfle dp va chat Iflpng linh hdi cac tri thflc, luyfn t i p cho tre nhflng KN nghe va lam theo Idi ch! din efla GV de thye hien nhiem vy cu t h i Viec day hpc cie tift hpe cd y nghia quan ddi vdl vifc niy sinh cae yeu td cua HO hpc tip d trf mau giao Tiet hpe d trfldng mlu giio duqc td ehflc linh hoat mang tinh tdng hpp, dd trd chdi hpe tip gifl vj trf quan trpng Trong "tilt hoe", ehfl ylu l i thdng qua d c trd choi hpc tap, nilm hflng thfl ddi vdi d e linh vflc ty nhifn v l xa hdi cd nang xult hifn d hiu hit trf mau gtao GV da day trf nhflng tri thfle mang tmh he thdng nhit dinh, nhflng quan he chfl ylu ctia cac hifn tflong vdn cd d mdi ITnh vyc hifn thflc dflOc bde Id Ciing vdi trd chcri, "tilt hpc" giflp trf hinh thinh NGHIEN couCQl xic ^ n h nhflng diem gidng v l khie, nhiing diem ddng •jf v i khdng t i n vdl cic ban choi Tfl dd, trf ed nhu d u chia sf nhflng suy nghi rifng cfla mlnh vdi d c vifn nhdm -S/ef thdo/udn Trong choi, trf phli bilt t h i o luln, b i n bac vdi d c ban d l cflng thdng nhat v l bilu dfldc myc dich chung cfla HD.ThIo luan cdn de thdng nhit ndi dung v i k l hoach thyc hifn nhflng cdng vifc chung, giao tiep gifla d c vai de thye hifn hinh ddng choi Trong chdi, trf phli dung tfl d l chi nhiing hinh ddng cfla minh, the hifn nhijng ^ djnh, tfl tfldng niy sinh Ifle ehoi Trong q u i trinh ehoi, tre sfl dyng Idi ndi l i m cdng cy giao tiep de phdi hpp hanh ddng vdi nhiing ngfldi cflng tham gia Nhdm chi HD hifu q u i cac vien ]? thflc Trf em l i m quen bflde dau vdi HO quan sit dfldc mlnh la vifn cfla nhdm v i nhidt tinh ddng ngudi Idn lam vife hay thdng qua k l chuyen, tranh ve gdp cdng sflc Qui trinh b i n bae, thio thuin ehi di tdi Trong nhflng eude choi, trf tai tao lai nhflng hanh ddng thdng nhat ed sfl ddng thuin gifla cae thinh vifn VI lao ddng v i nhung mdi quan he gifla ngudi lem vdi viy, hinh thinh KN niy nghia ia lam cho trf bilu dflpe Qua do, trf thu nhan nhflng bilu tflOTig d n thiet ve lao g i i tri cfla sflc manh t i p t h i , bilt d i t lpi ieh ctia tap t h i d$ng,)/ nghia xa hpi va tfnh chat tap the cOa nd Thdng Ifn trfn sd thieh va nhflng mdi quan t i m rifng cfla bin qua trd choi, trf hinh nhflng hlnh thflc d i u tifn thin Thii dp tdn trpng ban be v i y thflc sin sang hpp ciia sy phan cdng hpp tae cfla nhiing ngfldi lao ddng t i e vl myc tieu ehung se giflp trf nhanh chdng tim Trong nhflng hinh thflc HD cd sin phlm, trf mlu cich thflc hieu qui nhit t i l n hinh nhflng HO efla nhdm giio da biet thye hifn nhflng hinh ddng nhlm tao - Biit phdn cdng edng viic hgp li indt kft q u i nhat dinh, Vife thyc hifn nhflng nhifm vy Trong HD nhdm, trf phli bift phan cdng cdng hoctip don giin gdp phin hinh d trf sfl tfl kiem vifc hop li cho tflng thinh vien Moi nhdm trf ludn cd sy tra, dinh g i i cdng vifc efla minh Dd l i t i l n d l d n thilt da dang ve KN v i nhin d c h gifla d c vifn Trong d l hinh thinh HD lao ddng cic HD tap the, mdi nhiem vu dflpc hoan thinh ludn la Hfldng din trf em hpp tie vdl nhifm vy kft q u i cfla sfl nd ifle chung ciia c l nhdm Khi cung tham lao ddng chung cd )/ nghia quan tt-png vi nd tao eho trf gia HO, trf phli bilt tfl dinh g i i nang rieng cfla b i n ]? thflc hpp tie, tinh t h i n trich nhifm v i sfl quan t i m den than ciing nhfl sd thfeh, nguyen vpng v i nang efla cdng vifc chung CBC ban nhdm Tfl dd, trf dfla nhflng i/ kiln phfl Do dac dilm phit triin v l t h i chat va tam li eua hgp nhit vdi vifc phin edng eic phin vide cu t h i eho trf mau giao, nhflng nhifm vu lao ddng dfldc to chfle tflng ban gin liln vdi trd ehcJi GV d n td chfle cho trf tham gia -Biit chia se nhflng hinh thflc lao dpng don giin nhlm tao sfl xult Khi HO nhdm, trf phli biet phdi hpp, giiip dd v i hifn nhCCng tien di efla HO lao ddng cung gili quylt xung dot Sy phdi hpp khdng HD lao dpng cung nhfl hpc tap hay HO vui chdi chi t h i hifn y thfle, trich nhifm ddi vdi nhifm vy ehung dfu trd thinh phfldng tifn GD KNHT cho trf vi trf cd t h i ma edn bao gdm sy quan s i t dinh gii HD cua d c ban, cdng thflc hien d l dat k i t q u i chung.Tuy nhifn, du giflp dd ban gap khd khin hoic nhd ban ho trp neu lira chpn HD n i o di GD KrJHT cho trf, GV cung phit tuin dn, tfieo quy trinh nhit djnh - Biit gidi quyit xung ddt 2.4 Nhdng biiu hiin cua kfndng hgp tde eda tri Qui trinh trf HO eiing nhdm thfldng miu gido 5-6 tudi xly xung dot Moi trf phli ed ning tfl kilm che, tApt dda trf cd KNHT se cd nhflng bilu hien cd bin phyc tung nhflng quy djnh ehung, bift giii quylt mau nhfl sau: thuin trfn co sd tdn trpng v i nhfldng nhin Iln -Biit Idng nghe 2.5 Quy trinh hgp tde cin gido due eho tri mau Ling nghe II mdt KN d n thilt trf hpe d bat ki gido (5-6 tuoi) mdi trfldng hpe t i p nio Ling nghe cdn la mpt KN quan KNHT niy sinh HO ehung O l phit trien trpng giflp trf thiet lip mdl quan hf ban bf KNHT, d e vifn phli nhin thflc v l thye hien dfldc chdi va tri mdi quan hf tdt dep vdi ban bf, thay cd, quy trinh HD chung nhflng ngfldi xung quanh Budc 1:Xdc dinh mue tiiu HD Trf d dd tudi m l u giio rat bilu ddng, chl tap trung NhCfrig nhifm vu glad eho trf phli dflpe don giin chu y khoing thdi gian ngin v i thfeh the hifn cai hda de trf chifm ITnh Myc tifu HO chung II thinh td tdi cfla mlnh d l chflng td minh da Idn HD nhdm se tap trung tam efla d u trfle HD, dflpe hiiu la kit q u i litUdng cho trf bift chu y Ilng nghe Idi GV gili thich, hfldng dan ma d c ea nhin hfldng tdi Myc tifu ehung cd the tieh d l biettd ehflc cich choi theo nhdm hifu qui Trong d e nhifm vy rifng v i eu the 6i tre dat dfldc choi, trf phii Ilng nghe;? kiln cfla d c thinh vifn Budc 2: Lin ki hogch eho HD nhdm ehoi di trinh nhflng miu thuan, xung ddt bat Lf n k l hoach cho HD chung la sy the hifn bfn ddng )i kiln ngoai "ke hoach ben cfla HO" bing sy phdi hdp Cho trf HO theo nhdm de trf tap d c h Ilng nghe v i cfla mdi thinh vien Trf mau giao tdn ed nang cflng nhflng KN ban dau cfla hpc t i p Vifc td chfle d c "tilt hoc' vfla sflc, phfl hpp vdi die diem phit triin cfla trf mlu giio se thtic d l y nhflng y l u td cOa HD hpc tap niy sinh mdt cich thuin Icfi, chuin bj tdt cho trf hoc tap d trfldng phd thdng sau niy, 2.3.3 Hogt ddng lao ddng HD Iao ddng I I loai HO tao nhflng sin phlm ed feh cho xa hdi, nhflng g i i tri v i t chit v i tinh t h i n can thilt eho loii ngfldi Dd chinh l i hinh thfle HO co b i n efla ngfldi Idn, ddi hdi nhflng difu kifn t h i lye v i tam If cao Nhflng phlm chat t i m li efla ngfldi lao dpng ehfla t h i cd dflpc d tuoi mau giio nhflng nhflng tifn di cua chflng dang dflpe hinh thinh d Ifla tudi Viec hinh nhiing t i l n d l d n t h i l t cho HD lao ddng d Ifla tuoi m l u giio duoc diln chti y l u d ben ngoai vife thUe hifn nhifm vy lao dpng Slf 12B-THANG 5/2016-43 C Q N6HlgN CflU - Trong cich thii'c phot hpp hlnh ddng hpp tie niy, len k l hoach cho HO chung dflpc dinh hfldng ve van de HD chung, viec ten ke hoach phli tre khdng chi xac djnh mue tieu chung ma cdn phli thUc dfla Ifn vj trf hing dau Dieu chflng td edng hien nhat quan d c hanh ddng giQa nhting ngfldi tham cua HO phu thude trfle tiep vao viee tre tfch eye tham gia Khi mdt HO vdn dfldc thflc hifn bdi mdt ngfldi lai gia d c qui trinh phin tieh - tong hpp cua viec tfl duy, trd muc tieu HD cua ngfldi khic sf ddi hdt sy giao suy nghi can nhae nhiem vy Vife Ifn ke hoach cho HO Iflu, hdp tie gifla nhiing ngfldi tham gia - HD theo "day chung ddi hdi sy bilu biet v l mue dich nhifm vu, tim chuyen sin xuat" hiiu dac trflng ddi tfldng ctia HO nhlm dat dfldc kit qui d cieh thflc phdi h ^ hinh ddng theo kieu "day chuyen sin xult", tre phit triin nang phdi hdp, dilu BUdc 3: Phdi hap hdnh ddng vdl Bin chat cua phdi hpp hlnh ddng la sfl thdng nhat chinh cdng viec chung theo nhip dp lam viec thdng no lue etia d c ben tham gia nhlm dat duoe muc dich nhat Trf nang cao nhan thflc ve mdi lifn he gifla chat chung Cie d nhin cd sy phan chia rd rang ehflc Iflpng cdng viec cua b i n than, cua d c ban cting tham gta va k i t q u i chung cua nhifm vy nang, vai trd hay nhifm vy - Kiiu 3: Phdi hgp hdnh ddng theo kiiu "phdi kit hgp" Oe hpp tie, d c vien phai thau hieu nhflng Trong each thflc phdi hpp hanh ddng theo kilu hinh ddng phdi hpp ehfla dflng nhflng td hfldng tdi sfl hoan d e nhifm vu qua trinh.Dl hoan "phdi ket hpp" tre se len k l hoach edng vifc v l thye hifn nhifm vu, eac vien d n nhan thflc rd muc dieh efla cdng vife theo cap trfldc di hoin mdt phin cdng HO chung, he thdng cac hanh ddng c i nhan, hanh dpng viee, sau dd phdi hpp eung d l dat kit qui cuoi phdi hpp, difu ehinh hlnh vi ctia eae vien tham cung Di thflc hien dflpc each thflc hop tie nay, trf phli gia mdi tflpng quan ciia HD, so sanh ket q u i hinh cd kinh nghifm vifc thye hifn hai kilu phli hop hanh ddng "myc rifu - k i t qua" va "day chuyen sin xult" ddng vdi mye tieu dat Trong cieh thflc phdi hap hinh ddng nay, trf se Budc 4: Hodn thdnh kit qud HD Kft q u i ehung dat dflpc kht cac bfn tham gia da ning eao nang ten ke hoach cdng viee, phdi hpp hoan tat nhflng cdng viec hfldng vao muc tieu HO Kit hanh dpng, danh g i i k i t qui trung gian va ed kinh q u i ehung ludn dflpc so sanh ngflpe lai vdi mue tifu nghifm hpp tie Trong qua trinh lam viee theo cap hay nhifm vu ban dau Kit q u i HD gdp phan phin anh tinh gpi la "nhdm hat nhin" d e em ed the linh hoat sfl dung cac kilu phdi hap hinh ddng "myc tieu - ket qui", "diy thin hop tie v i KNHT ctia d c thinh vien chuyen san xult" de thyc hien, sau se phoi hpp vdi 2.6 Cdc cdch thdc phoi hgp hdnh dpng qud di dat dflpe ket q u i chung So vdi hai cieh thfle trinh hop tdc can gido due cho tre mau gido 5-6 tuoi phdi hpp hanh ddng trfldc, d e h thflc phdi hdp hlnh Vifc hinh va phat trien KNHT cd sy to chfle dpng niy phu hpp vdt nhflng nhifm vy phfle tap, tdng HO chung theo mdt quy trinh, he thdng khoa hpc vdi sfl hop eho phep kit hdp d c ndi dung GD khac phfle tap dan cac nhiem vy nham giflp tre tfch luy kinh Kit luln nghifm HO chungtheotrinhtflnhatdinh, nim bat dflpc KNHT ctia tre mau giao chi sinh trf dflpe HO cae each phdi hpp hanh dpng Cle kilu phdi hpp hlnh chung cung Viec xac djnh quy trinh HD hc^ tae, ddng sau HO chung: cic phudng tien dung diGD KNHT cho tre giiip GV mim -Kieu U Phdi hgp hdnh ddng theo "muctieu ~ kit qud" non to ehflc d c HD chung cho trf Gdng thdi, xac djnh Trong d c h thflc phdi hpp hanh ddng hpp tie theo cho trf "Id trinh" lam viec chung ciing kilu "myc tieu - k i t qua" tre se ty hoan nhiem vy cua minh tdng the nhiem vy chung mpt d e h doe TAI Lieu THAM KHAO lap Trong qua trinh hoan nhiem vy, nhifm vy ca [11 CaoThi Cue, Ren luyin kindng hogt dgng nhdm nhin se trd mpt phin cua ket qua eudi cung Sfl cho tri 5-6 tudi d trudng mdm non, Tap chl Giio dye, sd phdi hpp hanh ddng gifla d c tre dfldc thflc hifn d giai 280, tr.20-22 doan dau - xac djnh myc tieu, len k l hoach cho HO va [2] Mary Renck Jalongo, (2008), Learning to Listen, giai doan cudi - tdng kit k i t q u i HD Listening to Learn, Building Essential Skills in Young Cach thfle phoi hpp hanh dpng hdp tie "myc tieu Children -kit qua" l i each thflc don giin nhat mang y nghia nen [3] Nguyen Thj Hda, (2009), Gido trinh Gido duchgc ting viec phit trien cac each thflc hpp tie tilp mdm non, NXB Oai hoc Sfl pham Ha Npi theo Mdi quan he gifla muctieu, kit q u i dfldc nhan bilt [4] Johnson D.W - Johnson R.T and E Holubee de dang, cho phep tre nhin thflc ve tam quan trpng ciia (1992), Advanced cooperative learning, Edina, Minn, vifc phdi hpp vdi de ed dupe kft qui HO ehung Interaction book company tdt nhit Khi hoin phan cdng vifc ctia mlnh, trf nhan phan viee efla ea nhan tdt se keo theo kit q u i SUMMARY ciia nhdm tdt Difu khuyen khich ning HO trf Cooperative skill is an important life skill for children Trong each thflc phdi hpp hanh ddng niy, trf phat to be prepared before entering grade Basing on research trien dupc nang dfla muc tifu chung, tham gia "instructing cooperative skill for children aged 5-6 through vao q u i trinh \in k l hoach HO Sau dd HO song song vdi activities in presehools", the article defines concept of ban eflng nhdm, gifl mdt nhip dd can t h i f t on dinh va collaborative skill education; means for instructing children's cooperation skill; Its basic signals; process cudi Cling eiing danh gia k i t qua - Kieu 2: Phdi hgp hdnh ddng theo kiiu "ddy chuyin and collaborative forms Thus, the organization of joint activities for preschoolers will help them practise these sdn xudt" Trong each thu'c phdi hdp hanh dpng hdp tac theo skills and develop their behaviors Keywords: Cooperative skill; children aged 5-6; kieu "diy ehuyin sin xuat", tre se hoan nhifm vy activity lan luot Oieu niy dot hdi sfltflOng tie gifla cac tre 44>KH0AH0CGlA0DUC ... ket qua eudi cung Sfl cho tri 5- 6 tudi d trudng mdm non, Tap chl Giio dye, sd phdi hpp hanh ddng gifla d c tre dfldc thflc hifn d giai 280, tr.20-22 doan dau - xac djnh myc tieu, len k l hoach cho. .. nhiing t i l n d l d n t h i l t cho HD lao ddng d Ifla tuoi m l u giio duoc diln chti y l u d ben ngoai vife thUe hifn nhifm vy lao dpng Slf 12B-THANG 5/ 20 16- 43 C Q N6HlgN CflU - Trong cich thii''c... hien, sau se phoi hpp vdi 2 .6 Cdc cdch thdc phoi hgp hdnh dpng qud di dat dflpe ket q u i chung So vdi hai cieh thfle trinh hop tdc can gido due cho tre mau gido 5- 6 tuoi phdi hpp hanh ddng trfldc,