GIAO DUC Ki NANG HOP TAC CHO TRE IVIAU GIAO 5 6 TUOI THOIUG QIIA IRO CHOI DiGVAICdCHOflEOTRUilGMAMNOni O ThS VO THI NHAN* G ido dye kT ndng hqp tdc (KNHT) eho tre mdu each Cdc md''''i quan he xd hdi md t[.]
GIAO DUC Ki NANG HOP TAC CHO TRE IVIAU GIAO - TUOI THOIUG QIIA IRO CHOI DiGVAICdCHOflEOTRUilGMAMNOni O ThS VO THI NHAN* ido dye kT ndng hqp tdc (KNHT) eho tre mdu each Cdc md'i quan he xd hdi md tre tham gia gido (MG) Id mdt qud kinh tdc dqng su phqm cd myc dfch, cd ke hoqch eua nhd gido dye dd'n trd nhdm hinh thdnh vd phdt trien d kd khd ndng tuong tdc, cung thye hien cd hidu qud mot hdnh ddng, mdt cdng vide ndo dd dya kdn nhOng tri thuc vd vdn kinh nghidm dd cd dilu kidn nhdt djnh Ddi vdi tre mdm non (MN), gido dye KNHT Id rdn eho \T& bilt thdo thudn, ldng nghe, tdn trqng, giao tid'p, chia sd Ddy Id nhi/ng KN rdt quan kqng Nhi/ng KN ndy cdn duqc quan tdm gido dye Kr lua tudi MN Gido dye KNHT eho tre edn hdm chua mdt tiim ndng to Idn eho nhd gido dye kong vide xdy dung y thuc tdp t h l , xdy dung tinh bqn, phdt k i l n ddng eo choi vd ddng co hqc tdp eua tre d trudng tieu hoc sou ndy Y nghia cua vide gido dye KNHT cho ke M N Xu hudng cua xd hdi hidn Id hdi nhdp, todn cdu hdo vd 6e eao gid trj cuo sy hqp tdc, eung ldm vide, tdn trqng vd hieu bilt Idn Vi vdy, myc tidu hqc tdp kong nhd kudng, kong dd ed trudng MN dd cd su thay ddi Ngudi hqc khdng ehl h'nh hdi kiln thuc cd sdn vd phdt k i l n ndng lye trf Kjd md quon trqng hon Id hinh thdnh vd phdt k i l n cdc kT ndng (KN) gidi quylt cdc mdi quon he xd hdi ed hidu qud Chinh vi vdy, vide ehu trqng khoi thde tiim ndng eua trd, phdt triln cdc KN xd hdi cho \r6, kong dd cd KNHT Id rd't edn thilt Hqp tdc Id ydu cdu edn thiet ddi vdi mdi ngudi Tdt cd cdc hoqt dqng hdng ngdy cuo kd d i u phdi cd su hqp tdc Cd duqc y thuc vd KN cung hda nhdp vdo cdng ddng vd nhdn duqc chfnh minh dd Id mot budc phdt trien vd eung quon trqng dd'i vdi \rL Phdt k i l n KNHT cho \T6 cdn phdi duqc quan tdm thfch ddng bdi y nghTa quan trqng cuo nd ddi vdi sy phdt triln todn didn cuo \r&: 1) Giup tre hinh thdnh vd phdt tridn nhan cdng phong phu, da dqng, cdng gdp phdn vdo vide hodn thidn nhdn each cua trd Su kit hqp vd phdi hqp cdc hoqt ddng giCra cdc tre nhdm choi dd tqo nhi/ng md'i quan he xd hoi h i t sue dqc ddo vd dien hinh Vi vdy, tham gia cdc hoqt dqng chung, bdng hoqt ddng giad tiep eua minh, mdi tre dd tfch cyc chid'm h'nh cdc md'i quan he xd hdi V l thuc chd't, ddy Id n i n tdng cuo qud trinh phdt triln nhdn cdch Co the ndi rdng, gido dye KNHT hdm chua mdt tiim ndng to Idn cho nhd gido dye vide xdy dyng y thue tdp the, xdy dyng tinh bqn, phdt trien ddng co choi cho tre 2) Tgo ca hgi de tre dugc chai vd ren luyen cdc KN khac qua ehd Doi vdi ke nhd, choi Id nhu edu cua mdt co the dong phdt k i l n Id «trudng hqc cuo cudc sd'ng' Khi choi, ke trd ndn «cao hon" chfnh minh vd chung ed the ldm duqc nhilu vide md thyc td khdng the ldm duqc Tro choi mang Iqi nilm vui cho ke, ldm eho tinh thdn cua tre sdng khodi, phdn khdi yeu td quan kqng de tdng eudng sue khde eho ke Khi duqc eOng choi vdi kong nhdm, trd se cd sy tuong tde, hqc hdi Idn Trong choi, ke biet thda thudn vdi de phdn vai choi, hdnh dqng choi, bilt ldng nghe y kiln cuo nhau, biet chia sd Cd t h l ndi, choi nhdm bqn Id nhu cdu buc thiet cuo ke vd k d choi cung Id eo hdi chu yd'u d l tdp hqp ke thdnh nhdm Phdn Idn cdc net h'nh cdch cuo ke duqc hinh thdnh kong nhdm bqn choi Ddy Id mot d i l u vd cijng quan trqng dd'i vdi kd 3) Giup tre buac vao cugc sdng xd hgi Thdng qua hoqt ddng vdi cdc bqn kong nhdm, trd h/ tim kilm su hodn thidn cua nhOng quan he giua eon ngudi vdi eon ngudi Vi vdy, khdng ndn eho rdng choi theo nhdm chi giup tre h'nh hdl kiln thuc hay mot tidu chudn ung xu ndo G * Tnrdng Bai bpc Tliu Dau Mot • Binh Duong Tap elii Giao due so (ki i • 10/2011) dd, ndn coi dd Id eo sd ban ddu de tre xdy dyng cdch ung xu cua minh de budc vdo the gidi mai sou Phdt triln KNHT Id tqo eho trd nhCrng kinh nghidm v l quan he dqo 6\jc, quan he trdch nhidm vd giup dd Idn nhau, cung hudng dd'n mye tidu chung, giup tre ndy sinh rung edm v l vd hinh thdnh dqng co chung eua tdp the Hqp tdc dqy tre nhCrng bdi hoc, nhCrng trd choi, dem Iqi su thda mdn vd ndng cao thu choi cho tre, tu dd hinh thdnh d trd nhOrng KN xd hdi edn thilt Nhirng ndi dung co bdn ve gido dye KNHT cho tre M N Gido dye KNHT Id mot nhCrng ndi dung quan trqng gido dye tinh edm dqo 6uc xd hdi eho tre, thl hidn gido trinh Giao dye hgc MN hidn hdnh vdi ndi dung: phdt trien mot sd net tfnh cdch cdn thiet cho tre nhu sdn sdng hqp tde chia sd vdi mqi ngudi, K/ tin vdo bdn thdn vd khd ndng cua minh, ddm suy nghT vd hdnh ddng mot cdch dqc ldp Trong myc tidu eua Chuong kinh gido dye MN Bd GD-DT ban hdnh theo Quyet dfnh sd 17/ 2009/TT-BGDDT 25/7/2009, ndi dung ndy duqc t h l hidn ey the phdn mye tieu phdt triln tinh edm xd hdi eho tre, dd Id: Hqp tde, chia se vdi bqn be cdc hoqt ddng; Cd hdnh vi ung xu dung vdi bdn thdn vd mqi ngudi xung quanh; Cd hdnh vi, thdi t h l hidn sy quon tdm din nhtrng ngudi gdn gui; Vui vd nhdn vd thyc hidn cdng vide duqc giao d i n ci/ng; Thye hien mdt sd quy djnh kong gia dinh, trudng Idp M N , noi cdng cdng; - Git; gin vd bdo vd mdi trudng: bd rdc dung noi quy djnh, chdm sde cdc vdt nudi, cdy cdnh, gitr gin 66 choi, 66 dijng, ed y thtrc tilt kidm Ndi dung ndy edn duqc t h l hidn bq Chudn MN tudi cua Bq GD-DT ban hdnh [chudn / / hqp tdc vdi ngudi khde): Bilt Idng nghe y kiln eua bqn; Bilt kao ddi y kiln eua minh vdi cdc bqn; - Bilt tim cdch 6e gidi quyet mdu thudn (dung ldl, nhd sy can thidp cua ngudi khde, chdp nhdn sy thda hidp); Chdp nhdn sy phdn cdng eua nhdm; Sdn sdng thyc hidn nhidm vy don gidn cung ngudi khde Dya vdo nhCrng co sd ndu trdn, chting tdi dua ngi dung ca bdn ve giao dye KNHT eho tre MG nhu sou: Biet chia se kinh nghidm, thdo ludn vdi cdc bqn de cung thuc hidn nhidm vy cua nhdm, cua tdp t h l ; - Bilt chdp nhdn su phdn cdng cua nhdm, cua tqp the; - Bilt phdi hqp hoqt dqng Tap clii Giao due so (ki i • 10/2011) vdi cdc bqn nhdm; Bidt tim cdch thuong luqng vdi bqn de gidi quydt mdu thudn; Cd trdch nhiem ddi vdi cdng vide chung Vol trd cuo gido vidn (GV) vide gido dye KNHT cho trd thdng qua trd choi ddng vol cd chu 6e d kudng M N Vui choi Id mdt hoqt dqng edn thilt d mqi lua tudi Dd'i vdi trd em, ddc bidt Id trd lua tudi MG, vui choi Id mdt nhu cdu khdng thl thilu Vui choi chfnh Id hoqt dqng ehu dqo eua tre em lua tudi MG khdng phdi vi nd chiim nhilu thdi gian nhdt, md vi hoqt dqng ndy dd tqo ta nhung biln ddi v l chdt sy phdt triln todn didn eua tre Hoqt dqng vui choi giup tre Idn ddu tidn duqc tham gia nhu nhung thdnh vidn cua xd hdi Nhd cd hoqt dqng vui choi, nhung net nhdn cdch ddu tien duqc hinh thdnh nhu: y thue vd tu y thue, hoy xud't hidn ddng eo hdnh vi ldm cho hdnh vi eua trd mang tfnh xd hdi, tfnh nhdn cdch Hoqt ddng vui choi cua tre boo gdm nhilu kd choi khde nhu: trd choi ddng vai theo ehu 6e, trd choi ddng kjch, trd choi Idp ghep, trd choi hqc tdp, trd choi dm nhqc, trd choi vdn ddng Trd choi Id ndi dung chu ylu d l tdp hqp ke thdnh nhdm Vi vdy, mud'n trd cd KN hoqt ddng nhdm cung bqn be, trude hit phdi td chuc td't cdc loqi trd choi eho tre tham gia, ehu trqng nhirng kd choi ddi hdi d tre KN phdi hqp eao, nhu: trd choi xdy dyng - Idp ghep, trd choi vdn ddng vd ddc bidt Id tro choi dong vai eo ehu de Ddy Id kd choi cd vai trd trung tdm Id mdt hinh thuc ddc ddo cua sy tilp xuc giCra ke em vdl cudc sd'ng cua ngudi Idn De gido dye KNHT cho trd thdng qua trd choi ddng vai cd chu d l d trudng MN, GV edn: Trao ddi vdi tre ve nhifng mong mudn cua GV Thudng xuydn kao ddi trd chuydn vdl Ke v l hdnh vi ung xu cua cdc bqn kong nhdm Idp, hdnh vi eua ede nhdn vdt tde phdm vdn hqc vd hdnh vi trng xu cua mqi ngudi xung quanh nhdm gitip trd hiiu duqc y nghia dqo dtrc cuo cdc chudn mye xd hdi, sy edn thilt phdi xdy dyng mdi quan he tdt dep vdl ngudi khde, giup tre xde djnh dung vj trf, vai kd, trdch nhidm eua minh nhdm choi GV chf nhCrng hdnh vl cy t h l cua tre md GV cdm thdy khdng thfch, ndi rd vdi trd ddy Id dilu GV khdng hdl Idng Quan kqng hon cd, GV cdn ldm cho tre hieu rdng minh vdn ydu thuong trd, chf khdng vui v l hdnh vi dd eua Ke GV thdo ludn vdi trd v l vdn d l trd se eu xu nhu ^^ the ndo Idn tdi trd gdp tinh hudng tuong ty xdy j • i Too khong gian chai va trang bi dd choi ddy du, phong phu theo chu de chai cho tre Dd choi vd khdng gian choi dnh hudng khdng nhd den khd ndng phdi hqp giCra trd vdi choi Khdng gian choi chdt chdi, dd choi nghdo ndn se khdng kich thich trd cung choi vdi GV cdn sdp xd'p vj tri hoqt dqng cua cdc gdc choi mot cdch phu hqp d l trd de ddng quan sdt, di chuyen vd thyc hidn ede thao tdc nhu bdn bqe, trao ddi, vd phdi hqp cdc hdnh ddng vdi Qud trinh GV sdp x l p cdc gdc, chudn bj dd dung dd choi cho gdc ddng vai, theo tung chu d l chu diem nen duqc tien hdnh cung vdi sy tham gia eua trd Cdn eu vdo ydu cdu gido dye eua mdi chu d l , GV tqo co hdi cho tre cung bdn bqe vd lya chqn, sdp xd'p dd choi gdc Khuyen khfch y k i l n cua td't cd cdc trd bdng vide ldng nghe, tdn trqng vd chia sd nhCrng y tudng md tre 6ua - Tgo tinh hudng chai hdp dan, cudn hut nhieu tre cung tham gia Qud trinh choi trd choi ddng vai ed chu d l thudng ndy sinh cdc tinh hudng khde nhau, nhung nhCrng tinh hudng choi cua trd cdn ngheo ndn, chu y l u cdc tre chi choi d nhdm cua minh md ft lidn k i t vdi nhdm khde Hon nti-a, kong nhtmg tinh hudng dd trd chua t h l hien duqc KNHT mdt cdch hqp If nhu mong mud'n cua nhd gido dye Cho ndn, mud'n tre the hidn vd phdt k i l n KNHT mdt cdch hqp If, cdn cho trd tham gia vdo cdc md'i quon he trd choi ddng vai cd chu 6e Bidn phdp hidu qud nhdt Id tqo tinh hudng choi qud kinh choi Bdi Id, cdc tinh hudng GV vd trd tqo se Id d i l u kidn thudn Iqi cho nhCrng KNHT etia trd duqc t h l hidn theo hudng tfch cyc Qua vide tqo tinh hudng choi, GV ddt edu hdi gqi md de khuyd'n khich mdi trd bdy td y k i l n cuo minh, ed thdi tdn trqng Idng nghe, k a o ddi y k i l n vdi bqn N l u duqc tde ddng dung cdch Kr GV, trd se ddn ddn nhdn thtrc duqc rdng, sy phdn cdng vd chdp nhdn sy phdn cdng kdn co sd binh ddng, tdn trqng Idn vd phu hqp vdi nhu cdu, thu, khd ndng ridng cuo moi ngudi Id d i l u kidn khdng the thieu n l u mud'n trd thdnh thdnh vidn thye sy eua nhdm Tu d d , y thue ty gidc, trdch nhidm, khd ndng k i l m che nhCrng mong mud'n khdng hqp li cua bdn thdn, thdi tdn trqng vd nhudng nhjn dd'i vdl bqn be duqc hinh thdnh vd eung cd ngdy cdng b i n vCrng Quan sat tre choi, kip thdi dgng vien^ khuyen khich tri, giup tre viec gidi quyet nhung xung dot, nhung vudng mdc ndy sinh chai GV auan sdt de kjp thdi phdt hidn vd ddnh gid cao nhu'ng hdnh ddng nhu: choi vui ve bdn nhau, trao d d i , bdn bqe, nhudng nhjn vd giup d d Idn Kjp thdi phdt hidn vd khuyd'n khfch Ke ty gidi q u y l t nhCrng xung dot xdy nhu khdng thd'ng nhdt vdi v l chu de choi, phdn vai choi, chon choi d y a tren nhtrng chudn myc v l ung xu, nhCrng ydu cdu ddi vdi voi choi dd duqc thda thudn luc ddu GV chi hudng ddn vd giup d d trd gdp khd khdn Vide gidi q u y l t xung dot cdn kip thdi, vd cdng bdng de tqo n i l m tin cho tre, cung nhu y thuc chdp hdnh nghidm h/c nhtrng quy dinh chung cua nhdm N h u vdy, d l gido dye KNHT cho Ke thdng qua trd choi ddng vai cd chu 6e, ngodi vide chudn bj k i l n thtrc v l cdc chu 6e, ndi dung, hodn cdnh, dd dung, 66 choi , GV cdn k a n g bj eho k d nhiing KN choi, KNHT nhdm • • • Gido dye KNHT cho tre M G Id mdt vd'n 6e rat cdn thilt vd mang tinh thdi su Vd'n d l ndy can duqc nghien ctru mot cdch ddy du vd he thd'ng de tim nhung bidn phdp thdt sy hidu qud ddi vdi vide hinh thdnh vd cung ed KNHT cho ke, chudn bj cho Ke ed t h l tham gia mdt cdch tfch eye, ehu ddng vdo nhi/ng hinh thuc hqc tdp khde d trudng h i u hqc vd nhihig mdi trudng hpc tdp khde, giup k d vung vdng kudc nhirng bien ddi khdng ngtrng cuo ddi sd'ng xd hdi • Tai lieu tham khao NgO COng Ho^n Gia tri dao due vk giao due gia tri dao dure cho tre em lira tu6i mim non NXB Dai hQC suphgm, H 2006 N Mikhailenko - R Ivanlcova Giao due tre tro ch(ri NXB Gido due H 1980 Nguyfin Anh Tuyet Giio due tre nhom ban bi.NXBC/doJ(