THUC TIEN GIAO DUC 1HUC TRANG NANG I I GIAO DUG BAO VE I I TRUDNG CUA SINH VIEN D A I HOC S I I PHAM NGANH GIAO DUC TIEU HOC O ThS NGUYEN NHUAN* 1 Nang lyc giao dye bdo ve moi trudng (GDBVMT) ciia sin[.]
THUC TIEN G I A O DUC 1HUC TRANG NANG I I GIAO DUG BAO VE I I TRUDNG CUA SINH VIEN D A I HOC S I I PHAM NGANH GIAO DUC TIEU HOC O ThS NGUYEN NHUAN* Nang lyc giao dye bdo ve moi trudng 2.1.2 Nhqn thuc cua SV nganh GDTH ve myc (GDBVMT) ciia sinh vien (SV) ngdnh gido dye tieu dich cua GDBVMT cho HSTH, chung tdi dua hoc (GDTH) cd y nghTa rdt quan den chdt luqng, cdu hdi: Theo y kien cua ban GDBVMT cho HSTH hieu qua cong tdc GDBVMT d nhd trudng tieu hoc nhd m nhung myc dich gi? Vdi phuang dn lya (TH) tuong lai De ddnh gid ndng lyc GDBVMT chon SV ddnh sd thu tu 1, 2, 3, theo muc cua SV ngdnh GDTH, chung tdi khao sat SV ngdnh dd quan tu cao den thdp, quan nhdt GDTH ve cdc ndi dung sau: nhdn thuc cua SV ve: vj ddnh sd tri cua GDBVMT ddi vdi lua tudi hoc sinh tieu hoc Diem cho moi su lua chon ciia SV duqc quy (HSTH); myc dich cua GDBVMT cho HSTH; nqi dung djnh xep thu nhdt: diem, thu 2: diem, xep GDBVMT ddnh cho HSTH Khd ndng tdc ddng thu 7: diem Td'ng hqp sd diem cua tdt cd SV GDBVMT cho HSTH cua SV ngdnh GDTH: hinh thuc, duqc hdi vd tinh diem trung binh (xem bang 2) bien phap GDBVMT dang su dyng; cdc nguon thdng tin md SV ngdnh GDTH dd Bang Nhqn thuc cua SV nganh GDTH ve muc dich tiep can de GDBVMT cho HSTH Ddi tugng cua cdng tac GDBVMT cho HSTH khao sat: 502 SV ngdnh GDTH thudc cac Muc dich cua GDBVMT cho HSTH Tong so DTB Thir diem hang trudng DH d khu vuc Bac mien Trung Hinh nhung tu tudng, tinh cam tot 2411 4,80 Ket qua nghien cuu thuc trgng dep va nep song van minh ndng luc GDBVMT cua SV ngdnh Lam cho moi trirdng sach de tang 1597 3,18 GDTH cudng sue khoe Giiip cho HS co nhufng kien thirc nhat 2.1 Thuc trang nhan thuc cua SV 1857 3,70 dinh ve moi trudng (MT) ve GDBVMT Hinh mot sd kT nang BVMT 1938 3,86 2.1.1 Nhan thuc cua SV nganh Boi dudng thai tich cue ddi vdi MT 2249 4,48 GDTH ve vi tri cua GDBVMT a cap TH, Xay dung nhung hanh vi dung dan ddi 2389 4,76 vdi MT chung tdi dua cdu hdi: Theo ban Tao cho HS cd thdi quen quan tam den 1615 3,22 GDBVMT cd vai trd quan nhdt ddi nhirng van de MT va BVMT vdi lua tudi ndo? (xem bang 1) Bang 2, cho thdy: Cdc tieu chi myc dich Bang Danh gia cua SV TH ve vai trd cua GDBVMT duqc lya chon cd thu hang cao Id: hinh cdng tac GDBVMT cho HSTH thdnh nhung tu tudng, tinh cam tdt dep vd nep Sd Lira tudi quan nhat Ti le % sdng vdn minh, thu nhdt; xdy dyng nhung hdnh lUdng Ngudi ldn da trudnq 0 vi dung ddn ddi vdi mdi trudng, thu 2; bdi dudng SV dai hoc 33 6,6 thdi dd tich cue ddi vdi mdi trudng, thu HS trung hoc phd thdnq 0 Cdc tieu chi myc dich GDBVMT duqc lya chon HS trunq hoc cd sd 0 HSTH 391 77,9 cd thu hang thdp Id: Idm cho mdi trudng Tre em mam non 78 15,5 sach de tang cudng sue khoe (thu 7); tqo cho HS cd thdi quen quan tdm den nhung van de MT (thu Bang 1, cho thdy: cd 77,9% so ngudi duqc 6); giup HS cd nhung kien thuc nhdt djnh ve mdi hdi cho rdng GDBVMT quan nhdt d lua trudng (thu 5) tuoi HSTH Nhu vdy, da sd SV ngdnh GDTH ddnh gid cao vai trd, vi tri cua cdng tdc GDBVMT ddnh cho HSTH * Trudng Dai hoc Vinh Tap chi Giao due so 263 o« i - 6/2011) Nhin chung, SV nganh GDTH xac dinh myc cao Id: thdi quen, hdnh vi BVMT cudc sdng dich cua cong tac GDBVMT cho HSTH chua thdng hdng ngay; kien thuc ve MT; kien thuc ve tdc ddng nhdt, mot sd GV xac dinh tieu chi myc dich chua qua Iqi giua ngudi vd MT Cdc tieu chi ndi phu hgp vdi yeu cau cua GDBVMT cho HSTH; cy dung dugc lya chon cd thu hang thdp: thyc trgng the: - Mot nhung muc dich quan hdng mdi trudng dja phuong; kT ndng BVMT; bien phap ddu cua GDBVMT cho HSTH Id «Tgo cho HS cd BVMT vd phdt trien b i n vung Khdng cd y kien thdi quen quan tdm den nhung vdn de MT", d day ndo dua tieu chi ndi dung khdc ve nqi dung su lua chgn cho tieu chi dugc xep thu 6, gdn GDBVMT cho HSTH cudi bang tieu chi dua ra; - Da sd SV ngdnh Cd the ndi, cdc tieu chi ndi dung GDBVMT GDTH deu xdc dinh tieu chi «Hinh thdnh nhung tu duqc da sd SV uu tien nhdm cung cap kien thuc, tudng, tinh cam tdt dep vd nep sdng van minh", bdi dudng kT ndng BVMT vd ren luyen thdi quen tieu chi duqc xep hang cao nhdt Trong hdnh vi BVMT cho HSTH dd, d lua tudi HSTH thi day chua phdi Id myc dich 2.2 Thuc trgng khd nang tac dgng GDBVMT sd Hon nua, diem trung binh cua thu hang cao cho HSTH cua SV nganh GDTH nhdt cung khdng cao, chi 4,8/7 diem 2.2.1 Ve hinh thuc va bien phap GDBVMT cho Trong moi qua trinh GD thi myc dich GD ludn HSTH: Vdi cdu hdi «Xin ban cho biet khd ndng su Id yeu td chi dqo todn bd qua trinh GD O day dyng cdc hinh thuc, bien phap GDBVMT cho HSTH ddi vdi cdng tdc GDBVMT viec xdc dinh myc diicn hien cua ban nhu the ndo? Kem theo 14 hinh SV chua thdng nhdt Chinh vi the, chung ta cdn cd nhung gidi phap de giup cho cdc nhd gido thuc vd bien phap dua ra, SV lya chon phu hqp vdi dye tuang lai xdc djnh thdng nhdt ve myc thyc te cua minh, vdi muc do: su dyng tdt, khd su dyng vd khdng su dyng duqc (xem bdng 4) dich cua cdng tdc GDBVMT 2.1.3 Nhqn thuc cua SV Bang Nhan thuc cua SV nganh GDTH ve myc dich cua cdng nganh TH ve nqi dung GDBVMT tac GDBVMT cho HSTH cho HSTH: Chung tdi dua su Tong DTB Xep Ndi dung GDBVMT cho HSTH dyng cdu hdi: Theo bgn, ndi diem hang 1836 3,65 dung gido dye BVMT cho hoc Kien thirc ve MT sinh tieu hoc bao gom cdc vdn Kien thirc ve tac ddnq qua lai qiOfa nguoi va MT 2166 4,31 KT nang BVMT 1541 3,07 de sau: vdi phuang dn lua Bien phap BVMT va phat trien ben viing 1329 2,64 chon, SV ddnh sd thu tu 1, 2, Thdi quen hanh vi BVMT cuoc song hang 2740 5,46 930 1,85 3, theo muc dd quan Thuc tranq MT dia phuong Khong co y kien nao tu cao den thdp, quan trgng nhdt Nhirng noi dung khac: dua ddnh sd vd mdt Bang Kha nang su dung cac hinh thuc va bien phap GDBVMT cho HSTH phuang dn md: ngudi trd ldi dua Kha ndng sir dung phuang dn Chua sir Sir dung tdt Khd sir dung Hinh thirc va bien phap khdc Diem cho dung duoc SL % SL % SL % moi sy lya chgn Long ghep vao cac bai hoc cdlien quan cua 9,4 78,9 47 59 11,7 396 cua SV duqc quy chuong trinh 13,9 347 69,1 85 16,9 •dinh: xep thu nhdt: Xay dung nhirng bai hoc rieng ve GDBVMT 70 Xay dung nhung bai tap thuc hanh ve thai dp, 60 11,9 264 52,6 178 35,4 d diem, thu 2: hanh vi cua HS ve GDBVMT diem, xep thu To chut noi chuyen chuyen de ve GDBVMT 37 7,4 377 75,1 88 17,5 125 24,9 342 68,1 35 7,0 6: diem Td'ng To chuc tim hieu ve MT dia phuong To chuc hdi vui hoc tap co net dung GDMT 27 5,4 397 79,1 78 15,5 hqp sd diem cua To chuc tin hieu ve MT nuoc b dia phuong 148 29,5 312 62,1 42 8,4 tdt cd sd ngudi To chirc oho HS lao dong, ve sinh MT 502 100 0 0 To chuc oho HS cay 487 97,0 15 3,0 0 duqc hdi vd tinh Thi van nghe vdi chu de GDBVMT 187 37,2 228 45,4 87 17,3 diem trung binh 10 To chuc cho HSthu gom rac thai 502 100 0 0 (xem bang 3) 11 To chirc, hudng din HS phan bai rac thai 502 100 0 0 12 To chirc cac tro choi mang thh GDBVMT 246 49,0 204 40,6 52 10,3 Nhdn xet: Cdc 13 St/dung may ti'nhla cong cu h6 tro GDBVMT 376 74,9 97 19,3 29 5,8 tieu chi ndi dung 14 Sir dung cac phan memGDBVMT 47 9,4 368 73,3 87 17,3 duqc ddnh gid Cac bien phap khac(neu co): Khong cd V kien # Tap c h i Giao due so (ki 1.6/201 n Bang cho thdy, kha nang si) dyng cdc hinh thuc vd bien phap GDBVMT cho HSTH cua SV ngdnh GDTH Id chua cao Hdu het, SV gap khd khan qua trinh su dung cdc hinh thuc vd bien phap GDBVMT cho HSTH Da so SV chi su dyng tdt nhung hinh thuc dan gian, thdng thudng, quen thudc nhu: td chuc cho HS lao ddng, ve sinh MT, to' chuc cho HS thu gom rdc thdi, hudng dan HS phdn loqi rdc thdi (100% sd SV duqc hdi trd ldi si) dyng tdt) Van cdn mdt ti le khdng nhd SV chua su dyng duqc cdc hinh thuc vd bien phap GDBVMT neu tren Khdng cd SV ndo dua bien phap khdc 2.2.2 Ve cdc nguon thong tin ma SV nganh GDTH da tiep can tu phia nha trudng de chudn bi cho nhiem vy GDBVMT d trudng TH: De khao sat van de chung tdi dua cdu hdi: «Bgn dd duqc tiep can nhu the ndo tu cdc nguon dudi day de chudn bi tham gia GDBVMT d trudng tieu hoc sau nay?" Vdi nguon thdng tin dua ra, SV lya chon cdc muc dd: thudng xuyen, it vd chua (xem bang 5) Chung tdi dua cdu hdi: «Bqn dd duqc tham gia Idp tap hudn, boi dudng ve GDBVMT chua?" Cd 83,8% sd SV dugc hdi trd ldi chua; 16,2% cdn Iqi trd ldi it Trong sd 16,2% sd SV dd duqc mdt vdi ldn tham gia cdc Idp tap hudn ve GDBVMT thi tdt cd deu duqc tham gia qua cdc dy dn, chuang trinh nghien cuu cua cdc to chuc gudc te hay cdc de tdi KH nude; khdng cd duqc tham gia Idp tap hudn dhd trudng hay khoa chu quan to chuc vdi tu each Id hoqt ddng bdi dudng nghiep vy chuyen biet 2.2.3 Khd ndng ung dyng cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) GDBVMT cua SV ngdnh GDTH: Chung tdi dua cdu hdi «Khd ndng su dyng may tinh Id cdng cy ho tra GDBVMT cua ban?", cd 74,9% sd SV duqc hdi trd ldi su dyng tdt, chi 25,1% trd ldi khd su dyng hodc khdng su dyng duqc Tuy nhien, vdi cdu hdi tiep theo «khd ndng su dyng cdc phdn mem GDBVMT cua bgn?", cd 90,6% sd SV duqc hdi trd ldi khd su dyng hodc khdng su dyng duqc, chi 9,4% sd SV trd ldi su dyng tdt Hien nay, Vien ITIMS, thudc Trudng DH Bach khoa Hd Ndi, dd Bdng Muc tiep can cdc nguon thong tin tu phia nhd trudng de xdy dyng bd phdn chudn bi tham gia GDBVMT cua SV ngdnh GDTH mem GDBVMT ddnh Thudng cho HSTH gom phdn Nguon thong tin Chua It xuyen mem: phdn mem SL % SL % SL % «nudc sqch", phdn Cau lac bo BVMT 0 32 6,4 470 93,6 mem «cdy xanh", Ngoai khoa ve GDBVMT 0 57 11,3 455 90,6 Tim hieu thuc te MT dia phuong 24 4.8 31 6.2 447 89,0 phdn mem «rdc thdi", Tim hieu thuc te GDBVMT d trudng tieu hoc 29 5.8 87 17,3 386 76,9 phdn mem «tieng on" Ndi chuyen chuyen de ve GDBVMT 16 3.2 48 9,6 438 87,2 Hoc mdn hoc GDBVMT 0 325 64,7 177 35,3 phdn mem «d nhiim Long ghep ndi dunq GDBVMT vao cac mdn hoc 24 4.8 63 12,5 415 82,7 khdng khi" Cdc phdn Long ghep ndi dung GDBVMT vao chuong 0 63 12,5 439 87,4 mem duqc dua trinh ren luyen NVSP len mgng, rdt phd bien, d i truy cap, vdi gid thdnh rdt re (15.000 Ket qua khao sat cho thdy, nhin chung SV tiep DVN/1 phdn mem), mua rdt thudn tien (qua tin can vdi cdc nguon thdng tin tu phia nhd trudng nhdn dien thoqi) Chung tdi dd mua vd su dyng chua nhieu, neu khdng muon ndi Id it cdc phdn mlm nay, hieu qua GD cao, thdy d i su Qua trao dd'i vdi gidng vien, SV ngdnh dyng vd rdt tdt, HSTH rdt thich tiep can Nhung GDTH vd tim hieu chuang trinh ddo tgo trinh dd khao sat tren SV ngdnh GDTH, cd hon 99% sd dqi hoc ngdnh su phgm GDTH cua mdt sd trudng SV duqc hdi trd ldi chua bao gid su dyng hay DH chung tdi thdy: Trong chuang trinh ddo tgo biet den cdc phdn mem GDBVMT Cd the cho ngdnh su phgm GDTH hien nay, ndi dung chinh rdng, khd ndng ung dyng CNTT cua SV ngdnh thuc ve GDBVMT chi dugc dua vdo mdt phdn GDTH cdng tdc GDBVMT hien dang d hoc phdn Gido dye ddn sd vd mdi trudng muc dd thdp Chung ta cdn cd gidi phap ndng hodc Mdi trudng vd ngudi Mdt so hoc phdn cao khd ndng ung dyng CNTT GDBVMT khdc cd khd ndng tich hqp GDBVMT nhung tren cho SV ngdnh GDTH, bdi vi CNTT cd tiem ndng thyc te viec tich hqp chua nhieu Mat khdc, rdt ldn GDBVMT ndi rieng, gido dye dieu kien thyc hien myc tieu GDBVMT dang gap hien dgi ndi chung nhieu khd khan (Xem tiep trang 64) Tap chi Giao due so 263 (ki i -6/aon) phuong phap thich hgp cho he DT nghe, dieu da khong khuyen khich dugc khd ndng cua ngudi hgc Viec tan dyng the mgnh ve vgt chdt cua cdc ca sd lien ket dd cd ca sd sdn xudt dugc ddnh gid Id quan trgng giup tan dyng duqc lgi the ciia ddi tdc vd tiet kiem chi phi DT md dem lgi hieu qua thuc te rdt cao SV sau duqc tiep can thuc te khdng nhung ren luyen dugc kT ndng, kT xdo nghe nghiep md cdn ren luyen dugc khd ndng giao tiep, tu each nghe nghiep cua minh Tuy nhien theo nhu ddnh gid cua SV, van chua duqc hudng Iqi the tu Trudng Dieu dd cho thdy, Trudng dd thuc hien QL chdt luqng thuc hdnh tgi ca sd lien ket nhung chua dem lgi hieu qua cao QL y thuc hoc tap cua SV van bi ddnh gid Id mdt khau yeu kem nhdt Ket qua DT nghe Chdt luqng DT nghe qua tong ket ddnh gid nam gdn day cua phdng DT nhd trudng (ket qua ddnh gid theo thang 10 diem) The hien d sau cho thdy: Nam hoc 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 Ket qua hoc Kha, TB gidi 19,2 78,3 30,5 69,2 40,1 50,3 He DT TCN K§t qua ren luyen tap T6t, TB Yeu Yeu kha 85,2 13,3 1,5 2,6 83,7 12.3 0,3 9,6 84,6 11,2 4,2 Vdi tdc dd phdt trien KT-XH nhu hien nay, de thich ung vdi ca che thi trudng cung vdi sy ddi mdi ve ca che QL kinh te, ca che QL ve DT nghe cua nhd trudng cdn cd sy thay ddi phu hgp quy ludt cung - cdu tdt yeu cua thj trudng Ben cgnh dd, cung cdn phdi chu y tdi quy ludt canh tranh canh tranh lanh manh - tqo ddng lyc cho sy phdt trien Tuy nhien, de cd ndng lyc cgnh tranh phdi DT chdt luqng Cong tdc DT nghe cua Trudng CDN Phu Chau, qua nghien cuu thyc trgng, cdn phdi cd nhung bien phap QL tich cue nhdm phdt huy the mgnh vd giam thieu nhung hgn che vi chdt luqng gido dye • Tai lieu tham khao Tran Kiem Khoa hoc giao due - Mot so" van de ve li luan va thyc tien NXB Gido due, H 2004 Vu Van Tao Chi'nh sach va dinh huong phat trien giao due va dao tao & Viet Nam, Trudng CBQL GD&DT, H 1999 Nguyen Due Tri Giai phap nang cao chat luyng giao due nghe nghiep NXB Gido due, H 2008 Trudng Cao ding nghe Phii Chau Bdo cdo tong ket ndm hoc 2009-2010 Trudng Cao dang nghe Phu Chau Bdo cdo tong ket ndm thdnh lap Trudng Thirc trang nang lire Ti le SV xep logi hoc lyc khd gidi chi dgt trung (Tiep theo trang 53) binh hdng ndm Id 20,5% Trong dd cd 10,3% Id yeu kem, chu yeu Id d cdc mdn hoc chung vd Ket qua khao sat cho thdy, hdu het SV ngdnh mdn hoc kT thudt ca sd, cd nhieu nguyen nhdn GDTH dd xdc dinh GDBVMT cd vi tri rdt quan nhung chii quan van Id thieu hoc lieu cho gidng d lua tudi HS cap tieu hoc; song cdc vdn dgy vd hoc tap; nhieu mdn hoc, SV ngodi viec de: myc dich, tieu chi ndi dung, khd ndng tdc nghe, ghi chep chu khdng cd sach hoc, vi the nen ddng, hinh thuc vd bien phap, nguon thdng tin, van dyng CNTT, GDBVMT cua SV cdn viec tiep thu kien thuc cua SV rdt han che, khdng duqc cdc ca sd ddo tgo chu y hem, nhdm thyc phdt huy sdng tgo qua trinh hoc tap Phdn hien tdt myc tieu GDBVMT thdi ki mdi.Q THN; SV mdi dqt duqc nhung kT ndng nghe ca bdn, cdn kT ndng nghe vdi cdng nghe tien tien Tai lieu tham khao chua dap ung duqc Chinh phu nude Cdng hoa xa hdi chu nghia Viet Nam Ti le SV xep loqi dqo due khd gidi chi dgt Dinh hudng chien luoc phdt trien ben vung d Viet Nam trung binh hdng nam Id 84,6%, cd 4,5 Id yeu (Chuang trinh nghi su21 cua Viet Nam), 2004 kem, viec gido dye y thuc cdng ddn vd tinh cdng Nguyen Dinh Chinh Chuan bi cho sinh vien lam ddng nhd trudng chua thyc sy chu y, nhdt Id tdc cdng tac giao due & trudng thdng NXB Gido due, H 1980 phong cdng nghiep, hogt ddng phong trao TDTT, Nguyen Due Quang Huong d i n thyc hien giao vdn nghe, td chuc sinh hogt Doan, cdu Igc bd, due ki nang sdng cho hoc sinh thdng NXB Dai tham quan du hch, giao luu it duqc td chuc, hoc qudc gia, H 2010 chua tqo duqc sdn chai cho SV, tu dd cung Idm Chuong trinh dao tao trinh dp dai hoc, nganh Su hgn che cho cdng tdc gido dye dgo due cua SV pham giao due tieu hoc Trudng Dai hoc Vinh, 2009 Tap c h i Giao due so ( k i i 6/2011) ... trao TDTT, Nguyen Due Quang Huong d i n thyc hien giao vdn nghe, td chuc sinh hogt Doan, cdu Igc bd, due ki nang sdng cho hoc sinh thdng NXB Dai tham quan du hch, giao luu it duqc td chuc, hoc qudc... hieu ve MT nuoc b dia phuong 148 29,5 312 62,1 42 8,4 tdt cd sd ngudi To chirc oho HS lao dong, ve sinh MT 502 100 0 0 To chuc oho HS cay 487 97,0 15 3,0 0 duqc hdi vd tinh Thi van nghe vdi chu de... su dyng tdt nhung hinh thuc dan gian, thdng thudng, quen thudc nhu: td chuc cho HS lao ddng, ve sinh MT, to'' chuc cho HS thu gom rdc thdi, hudng dan HS phdn loqi rdc thdi (100% sd SV duqc hdi