D O I M O I K I L = M T R A © A N H G l A TRONG DAY HOC MON CONG NGHE THEO DINH HUDNG CHUAN KIEN THUC, KI NANG • • • • O TS DANG VAN NGHIA* Ngay 05/05/2006, Bo truang Bo GD DT da Id Quyet djnh sd 16/2[.]
D O I M O I K I L = M T R A © A N H G l A TRONG DAY HOC MON CONG NGHE THEO DINH HUDNG CHUAN KIEN THUC, K I NANG • • • • O N gay 05/05/2006, Bo truang Bo GD-DT da TS DANG VAN NGHIA* d tren bdn ve Ket qua phdn tich cho thdy: Loqi myc tieu: «KT"; muc dd cua myc tieu: «Biet"; ndi dung myc tieu: mdt ndi dung ve «Vj tri cua cdc hinh chieu d tren ban ve su dyng PPHC vudng gdc"; - Ndi dung: Phuang phap chieu gdc thu nhdt vd phuang phap chieu gdc thu ba Nhu vdy, ket hqp ket qua phdn tich myc tieu vd ndi dung bdi hoc, ta cd the xdc djnh bdi «Hinh chieu vudng gdc" gom cd myc tieu DG De tien Iqi xdy dyng cdu hdi (CH) cho tung bdi tuang ung vdi myc tieu DG ta cd the trinh bay cdc ndi dung xdc dinh myc tieu DG mdt bdng (cdc cot 1, 2, vd bdng 1) Xdy dyng CH, bdi tap (BT) Vdi yeu cdu DG theo chudn, ndi dung vd muc yeu cdu cua cdc CH, BT phdi tuong ung vdi ndi dung vd yeu cdu duqc de cap myc tieu Vi cdc ndi dung vd yeu cdu dd duqc cy the hda thdnh cdc myc tieu DG nen budc chi cdn xdy dyng CH, BT tuang ung vdi cdc myc tieu DG De yeu cdu cua cdc CH, BT tuang ung vdi muc dd cua myc tieu, cdc tu hodc cum tu «menh lenh" CH cung phdi phu hqp Nhu myc tieu KT d muc biet, thudng su dyng cdc tu hodc cum tu: «Neu", «Trinh bay" «Hay cho biet", cdn d muc hieu thi thudng su dyng: «Tgi sao", «Vi sao", «Hay giai thich", «So sanh", «T6m tat", De thudn tien cho viec xdy dyng vd kiem djnh sy tuong ung vdi myc tieu DG cua CH, ta cung su dyng bdng bdng each phdt trien bdng myc tieu DG (cot bang I) Xdy dyng bang hudng dan DG Ndi dung chinh ciia budc cd the hieu nhu Id xdy dyng bieu diem chdm bdi Tuy nhien, hien chung ta vdn thudng xdy dyng bieu diem theo each phdn phdi diem cho tung CH Trong moi CH Iqi phdn phdi diem cho tung y hodc tung phdn ndi dung cua CH dd Dieu dan tdi nien tuang cung mdt bdi KT, cd bieu diem chi tiet nhung ngudi chdm khdc van cd the cho sd diem khdc De khdc phyc tinh trang nay, cdn cdi Id Quyet djnh sd 16/2006/QD-BGDDT ve viec ban hanh Chuang trinh Gido due phd thdng De Idm rd nhung yeu cdu ve kien thuc, ki ndng (KT, KN) chuang trinh nay, Bd dd ban hanh bd tdi lieu hudng dan thyc hien chuan KT, KN cac mon hgc Cd tne thdy viec thyc hien dgy hgc vd kiem tra, ddnh gid (KT, DG) theo chudn KT, KN Id mdt nhung diem mdi rd ret vd cd y nghTa nhdt ddi mdi gido dye phd thdng ldn Tuy nhien, thyc hien dgy hgc vd KT DG theo chudn KT, KN Id mdt cdng viec hoan todn mdi me vd khd khan ddi vdi GV phd thdng Trong bdi viet nay, chung tdi de xudt quy trinh KT DG theo chudn KT, KN mdn Cdng nghe trung hoc phd thdng theo cdc budc sau: Xdc djnh cdc myc tieu DG Cd the hieu «Chuan KT, KN la cac yeu cau co ban, tdi thieu ve KT, KN cua mon hgc, hogt ddng giao dye ma hoc sinh can phai va co the dgt dirge sau tirng giai dogn hgc tap" O day, myc tieu DG duqc hieu Id nhung tieu chi cy the duqc xdc djnh tren ca sd phdn tich chudn KT, KN Ddc diem cua muc tieu DG Id no chi dqt mot yeu cdu nhdt md hoc sinh phdi gidi quyet vd muc dd yeu cdu ludn tuang ung vdi muc dd ciia chudn KT, KN Do hien myc tieu cdc bdi hoc SGK Cdng nghe duqc cy the hda tu bd chudn KT, KN cua mdn hoc nen viec xdc djnh myc tieu DG cua moi bdi chi can dya vdo myc tieu bdi hoc De xdc djnh dugc myc tieu DG thi cdn phdi nghien cuu, phdn tich myc tieu vd ndi dung cua bdi hoc Khi nghien cuu myc tieu bdi hoc cdn xdc djnh rd yeu td: loqi, muc dd vd ndi dung ciia myc tieu; cdn nghien cuu ndi dung bdi hoc thi cdn xdc djnh cdc ndi dung cy the cua bdi Vi dy: Xdc dinh myc tieu, ndi dung DG cho bdi «Hinh chieu vudng goc" Cdng nghe 1 - Myc tieu: 1) Hieu duqc ndi dung ca bdn cua PPHC vudng gdc Ket qua phdn tich cho thdy: Loqi myc tieu: «KT"; muc dd cua myc tieu: «Hieu"; ndi dung myc tieu: mdt ndi dung ve «PPHC vudng gdc"; 2) Biet duqc vj tri cua cdc hinh chieu * Truting Dai hoc sir pham Ha Npi Tap chi Giao due so 263 (ki 1.6/aoi i> Bdng Myc tieu DG vd CH ndng lyc thyc hien Vi Muc tieu Loai Mire dy chia muc: CH, BT Muc tieu DG bai hoc muc tieu muc tieu - Muc kem: khdng thyc V Hilu duoc Muc tieu KT Hieu Hieu dupe ngi dung co Tai goi PPCG thir nhlt hien duqc hodc thyc ban cua PPCG thi} nhlt la loai PPHC vudng goc npi dung co Hieu dupe npi dung co Trinh bay nhOmg diem gidng hien cd sai sot; - Muc ban cua PPHC Muc tieu KT Hieu ban cua PPCG thCf ba va khac chu yeu giua trung binh: thyc hien vudng goc binh thudng, cd the PPCG va PPCG 3 Biet dupe vi tri cua cac Neu vj tri cda HC canh va cdn sy ho tro cua GV; Biet dupe vj Muc tieu KT Biet hinh chieu d tren ban ve HC bang so vdi vj tri hinh chieu- Muc tdt: thyc hien tri cua cac theo PPCG thir nhat dung sir dung PPCG Biet dupe vi tri cua cac Neu vj tri cua HC canh va dung quy trinh, ddm hinh chieu tren ban ve Muc tieu KT Biet hinh chieu 6* tren ban ve HC bang so vol vj tri hinh chieu bdo yeu cdu kT thudt, theo PPCG thir ba dirng sir dyng PPCG thao tdc thudn thyc Vi dy: Bdng trinh bay hudng dan DG KN tien each xay dyng bieu diem bdng each xay thdo ca cdu tryc khuyu truyen cua ddng ca dyng bdng hudng dan DG Noi dung tien hanh bdng 3) ddt (xem xdy dyng bang hudng dan DG nhu sau: 1) Liet De thyc hien KT DG theo chudn KT, KN thi viec ke cdc CH, BT cdn DG; 2) Phdn chia cdc muc dd ve ket qua thyc hien, thudng chia muc: quan nhdt Id phdi xdy dyng duqc de thi, KT - Muc kem: khdng Idm duqc hodc rdt kem, cd sai cd yeu cdu tudn theo chudn KT, KN Ndi dung ciia sot; - Muc trung binh: Idm duqc nhung sa sdi, de thi, KT lgi chinh Id cdc CH, BT Vi vdy, nhiem vy cdn thieu hodc trinh bay ldn xdn, thieu logic; chinh Id xdy dyng CH, BT theo chudn KT, KN Vdi quy trinh vd each thuc neu tren, cd the - Muc tdt: ddm bdo tuang ty dap dn, tham chi cd xdy dyng duqc mdt bd CH, BT cho mdn hoc vdi sdng tqo, phdt trien; 3) Lap bdng hudng dan DG, ndi dung de cap day du vd vdi muc dd yeu cdu xdc djnh diem cho moi CH, BT vd moi muc dd cua cdc CH, BT tuang ung vdi cdc myc tieu bdi tung CH, BT Vi dy: Gid su bdi KT su dyng hoc, Dieu dd cung cd nghTa se cd duqc bd ngdn CH bdi «Hinh chieu vudng gdc" neu tren, CH, BT cua mdn hoc ddm bdo yeu cdu ddt hdng moi cdu cd diem tdi da Id diem, ta cd bdng Id KT DG theo chudn KT, KN hudng dan DG sau (xem bdng 2) De thyc hien duqc viec nay, trudc het GV Cdng CH Mire (0 -1 d) Mire (2 - d) Mire (4 - d) nghe phd thdng cdn thdy K h d n g giai thich Giai thich dupe vi - Neu dupe ndi dung cr Tai saogpi PPCG duqc y nghTa cua viec DG thir nhlt la loai dupe hoac giai thich cac tia chieu vudng mire theo chudn KTKN; nghien PPHC vuong goc thieu va cd sai sot, gdc vdi mat phang - Neu dupe vj tri bd tri cac cuu, tim hieu de trd ldi duac nham lin hinh chieu mat phang hinh chieu Trinh bay nhung - Neu dupe su khac - Neu dupe ndi dung - Neu dupe npi dung cdc CH: chudn KT, KN Id mire gi; cdc loqi myc tieu day diem gidng va khac cua vj tri dat mat mire phang hinh chieu so Neu dupe su gidng - Neu dupe su khac hoc vd cdc muc dd ciia moi chu yeu giCra ciing la PPHC cua vj tri cac hinh chieu loqi myc tieu dd Id gi Chi PPCG va PPCG vdi vat the vuong gdc tren ban ve dd gidi guyet xong cdc Bdng Hudng dan DG KN thdo ca cdu true khuyu truyen van de tren thi mdi bdt tay Tieu chi Muc (0 -1 d) Mire (2 - d) Mire (4 - d) vdo viec xdy dyng CH, BT Sudung Hau nhu khong biet sir Phai hudng dan mdi Sir dung duac theo chudn KT, KN • dung cu dung su" dung duoc dung kT thuat Thao tac khong dung Thao tac dung nhung Thao tac diing Tai lieu tham khao Thao tac thao quy trinh hoac khong phai co can thiep quy trinh, kha NguySn Hai Chau - Le Thi nip may lam duoc thao Thu Hang - D6 Ngoc H6ng Thao tac thao Nguyen Van Khoi - Nguyen Nt Nt Nt chot pit tong Due Thanh Huong din thuc Thao tac thao hien chuan kien thiic, ki nang Nt Nt Nt xec mang mdn Cong nghe trung hoc thong NXB Gido due, H 2009 Trong dgy hoc thyc hanh, DG KN cua ngudi Tai lieu hudng dan tang cudng nang lire su pham hoc, ta cung xdy dyng bdng hudng dan DG theo cho can bo giang day cua cac ca sd dao tao giao vien cdc budc tuang ty Sy khdc biet chu yeu cua DG THPT&TCCN Dir an Phat trie'n giao vien KN thuc hanh chinh Id d cho md td cdc muc dd ve THPT&TCCN, H 2010 Tap chi Giao due so (k i 6/2011) ... hoc thong NXB Gido due, H 2009 Trong dgy hoc thyc hanh, DG KN cua ngudi Tai lieu hudng dan tang cudng nang lire su pham hoc, ta cung xdy dyng bdng hudng dan DG theo cho can bo giang day cua cac... Muc tieu KT Biet hinh chieu 6* tren ban ve HC bang so vol vj tri hinh chieu bdo yeu cdu kT thudt, theo PPCG thir ba dirng sir dyng PPCG thao tdc thudn thyc Vi dy: Bdng trinh bay hudng dan DG KN... dung tien hanh bdng 3) ddt (xem xdy dyng bang hudng dan DG nhu sau: 1) Liet De thyc hien KT DG theo chudn KT, KN thi viec ke cdc CH, BT cdn DG; 2) Phdn chia cdc muc dd ve ket qua thyc hien, thudng