NGHIEN CLfu TRAO 001 ^ PHLTdNG PHAP DAY HOC DE HOC SINH CO KHA NANG TICH CUt, TI/ HOC VA SANG TAO PHAM DANG KHOA Truang TH&THCS Ldm Hoa huyin Tuyin Hoa Ddi mdi phuong phap day hgc |[DMPPDH) dang la md[.]
NGHIEN CLfu - TRAO 001 PHLTdNG PHAP DAY HOC DE HOC SINH CO KHA NANG TICH CUt, TI/ HOC VA SANG TAO ^ PHAM DANG KHOA Truang TH&THCS Ldm Hoa huyin Tuyin Hoa D 2- Day hgc chii frgng ren luyen phuong phap di mdi phuong phap day hgc tyhgc; |[DMPPDH) dang la mdt phong ttao thi 3- Tang cudng hgc tap ca the phdi hgp vdi dua sdi ndi va sau rdng toan hgc tap hgp tac; nganh giao dye Mye tieu dat dugc cua phong trao khdng nam ngoai khoan dieu cua Luat 4- Bilt danh gia va hudng dan hgc sinh ty Giao due: "Phuang phap giao dye phai phat huy danh gia ttong qua trinh day hgc Ket hgp danh tinh tich cyc, ty giac, chu dgng, tu sang tao gia cua thay vdi tu danh gia cua ttd cua ngudi hgc; bdi dudng cho ngudi hpc nang Giao vien len ldp can xac dinh kien thiic lye ty hpc, kha nang thyc hanh, long say me hgc trgng tam ciia bai hgc Chuyen tai kien thiic tir tap va y chi vuom len" ngi dung tai lipu giao khoa cho ngudi hgc phai tuyet ddi tuan thu theo cdng thiic ndi tieng eiia Ban than mdi hieu ttudng phai la ngudi di V.L.Le-nin: ''Tir true quan sinh dong din tu tien phong ttong phong trao DMPPDH ciia dan triru tuang, tir tu triru tucmg din thuc tiin vj, chiing tdi khdng ngoai le Ngoai cdng tac chi dao chiing tdi tham gia giang day va bao cao kinh la duang bien chimg cua nhgn thirc chdn ly, nhnrt ftit'm hien tlitrr l-tin/^ti niinn " nghipm cho ddng nghipp Cau hdi day nhu the nao de hpc sinh cd kha nang tich cyc, ty hgc va sang tao ludn thdi thiic chimg tdi di tim ldi giai dap Hieu ve day hgc de hgc sinh hgc tap tich cyc thi "de" nhung giai ma cum tir tten khdng may don gian, day cho hpc sinh hpc tap tich cyc nhung phai day nhu the nao? Ngudi chi dao, ngudi thyc hien phai dat den hieu biet gi? Vi the, qua trinh chi dao, chiing tdi ludn di tim sy ly giai thau dao de nang cao sire thuyet phyc dpi ngii cimg thyc hien Nao nguyen Ihuy: Nao co: Nao Ngirdi Nhin vao mdt tiet day hpc, giao vien da thyc hien ddi mdi hay chua cd le khdng tieu chi nao Hoat ddng hgc tap dien nhu boat ddng khac ban la soi vao dac trung dugc neu nhan thiic cua loai ngudi Chi khac la nhan thiic c.ie tai lieu bdi dudng giao vien: frong qua trinh hgc tap la nhan thiic lai tri thiic da - Day hgc thdng qua td chiic cac hoat dgng dugc ngudi nhan thirc De lam sang td them ciia hoc sinh; CO che ghi nhd tri thiic ben virng dien 4^ TH6NG TIN '• KHOA HOC - CONG NOH( - tMj201 NGHIEN CLfu • TRAO 001 nao bg ngudi chung tdi xin gidi thieu sy ly giai dd ciia ddng tac gia: Jean-Macr Denomme & Madeleine Roy cuon tai lieu "Tiln tdi mdt phuang phap su pham tuomg tac" Theo tac gia thi nao ngudi dugc hinh va phat trien tir nao bd sat (vi tri so dd) day la bd phan cd nhat Nao bd sat da tiln hda dl thich nghi vdi dieu kien ton tai mdi da phat triln nao ddng vat cd vii (vi tri so dd) cudi cimg phat trien nao ngudi (vj tri sadd) Xin khdng di sau vao cau tnic, chiic nang tirng bd phan, chiing tdi chi xin ndi vl nao ngudi va sy ghi nhd tri thiic hay nao ngudi va qua trinh hgc tap Nao ngudi dugc phan chia phin dd la ban ciu phai (BC-P) va ban ciu trai (BC-T) Mdt phan giao giiia hai ban cau giao tao "trang thai thir 3" (TTT-3) Ban cau dai nao phai (Bc-P)cd chiic nang luu trii thdng tin nhan tbiic dugc qua giac quan dudi dang hinh anh, ky niem, nhiing dau an, nhirng kinh nghiem Neu dang hgc khai niem nao dd thi viing nhd luu nhd nhiing cai thudc ngoai dien chua phan biet dugc ndi ham Trong hgc tap hgc sinh hgc thugc ldng djnh nghla, cdng thirc nhung chua chac hieu dugc ban chat cua nd Thi du nhu hgc sinh ghi nhd quy tac giai he phuong trinh bang phucmg phap cgng dai sd, phuomg phap the Khi gap mgt bai toan em dd nhan dang la bai toan ve giai he Em dd se nhd lai quy tac tirng budc bien ddi va lam bang each So 2011 ^ THONG TIN KHOAH9C.C6HBNOHt-QB thyc hien tuong ty, cudi cimg bai toan van giai dugc Neu quen di cac budc (vi ghi nhd bang ldi rat de quen nlu khdng nhd dugc ban chat van de) thi em dd khdng giai duge Mdt hpc sinh khac len fra ldi cau hdi, em thudc bet bai nhung "thua thay nhd thay nhac cho em cau dau" va chi can nhac mdt cau em "tua" het toan bai Chiing ta ty hpc soan thao fren may tinh Khdng biet tieng Anh, khdng hieu chiic nang cac tir ngii, bieu tugng nhung nhd cd an tupmg luu giii ttong ban BC-P la cac hinh anh (bieu tugng, ngdn ngii) dd kich chudt vao se dugc cho chiing ta mgt sd thao tac can thiet Ban cau trai (BC-T) tdn tai thdng tin dudi dang "ndi ham" khai niem Nd ghi nhd tri thiic dudi dang ban chat nhu la djnh nghia khai niem, ban chat mdt dinh luat, sy lien he cac dai lugng mdt cdng thiic vat Iy Vi dy giai he phuong trinh bang phuong phap the hay cgng dai sd: Neu hpc sinh hieu dugc rang de giai he phuang ttinh thi it nhit phai dua vl dugc he ttong dd cd mpt phuang ttinh chi cd mgt an sd Bang hieu biet dd hgc sinh se rit linh hoat biln ddi khdng can nhd quy tac, cac budc dai ddng Hgc sinh dang tta ldi mdt cau hdi bing bai thudc Idng xem "mach lac" va day du, mdt em khac chi dien dat bang mgt sd y chinh va sau dd phat trien ngi dung va chac chan fra ldi cau hdi md hoac lam bai tap van dung thi em thii se lam tdt hom Mdt hpc sinh cd the thudc long hing ding thiic binh phuong mgt tdng va lam bai tap em dd phai nham lai de nhan dang Kiln thiic cua em dd mdi dang luu giiia d BC-R Em khac chi cin nhd hing ding thirc dd thyc chit la cdng thiic nhan hai nhi thiic bac nhat gidng se cho ta mgt tam thiic ma hai hang tir vilt dugc dudi dang sd chinh phuong va mdt hang ttr la hai lin tich hai hang tti dd Kiln thiic em dd da dugc ghi nhd bl viing d BC-T (Xem tiep trang 77) - ^ £] NGHIEN CCru - TRAO 001 Lao ddng viec lam tao ngudn thu nhap, la ye'u td' quan trgng nhat tac ddng de'n miic sdng dan cu Kei qua di6u tra cho tha'y, sd nhan khiu binh quan mdt hd giam din qua cac nam thi sd ngudi dd tudi lao ddng binh quan mdt hd cd xu hudng tang dan, sd ngudi phu thudc giam din Nam 2010 so vdi nam 2008, sd ngudi dd tuoi lao ddng binh quan mdt hd tir 2,37 ngudi/lig len 2,39 ngudi/hd Sd ngudi phu thudc binh quiin hd chung toan tinb nam 2010 la 1,60 ngudi, dd khu vyc thi la 1,21 ngudi, khu vuc ndng thdn 1,75 ngudi Lao dpng viec lam Lao ddng, viec 1km la hai ye'u td quyei dinh de'n thu nhap, la nguyen nhan din de'n sy phan hoa giau ngheo xa bdi Kei qua dieu tra cho tha'y, luc lugng lao ddng d Quang Binh cd co ca'u tre Nam 2010 dan sd boat ddng kinh te' nhdm tir 15 de'n dudi 35 tudi chie'm 43,44%; tir 35 den dudi 50 tuoi chie'm 38,46% va cac nhdm tren 50 tudi chiem ty trgng 18,10% Trong dd, nhdm tir 35 den 39 tudi chiem ty trpng ldn (13,77% so vdi dan sd cd boat ddng kinh td' chung toan tinh), nhdm lao ddng tren 60 tudi chi chie'm ty trgng 0,71% Neil xet theo loai cdng viec hoat ddng kinh tc thi lao ddng tu lam ndng nghiep, him nghiep va thuy san chie'm ty le cao nhit 51,43%; lao ddng lam thue pbi ndng, lam, thuy san chiem 27,78%; lao ddng ty lam pbi ndng, him, tliuy san hi 14,95% va lao ddng lam cdng lam thue ndng, lam, thuy san chi chie'm 5,847c Tinh chit viec lam cdn phu thudc vao trinh chuyen mdn ky thuat Nhirng ngudi cd trinh cao chil ydu boat ddng Unh vuc phi ndng l;\m thuy san, ngugc lai nhirng ngudi cd trinh dd thap hon chii yeu boat dgng trong ndng, liini nghiep va thuy san Nhtmg ngudi chua hgc het ldp hoac chua bao gid den trudng lam viec nganh ndng, lam ngbiep va thuy san chiem 87,1 SCr Mitrng ngudi cd trinb tir cao ding trd len lam viec cdc ngiinh phi ndng, lam nghiep va thuy san chiem tren 90% Nhu vay S66 rtf 2011 THONG TIN KHOA Hgc - C O N G N G H E - Q B ndng, lam nghiep va thuy sin chie'm ty le cao nhai ve lao ddng, nhung cd trinh dd chuyen mdn ky thuat tha'p nhit Giiia thu nhap, thdi gian lao ddng va tnnh dd chuyen mdn ky thuat cd quan he ddng bie'n Tmh trang viec lam d cac hd ngheo, cdng them su chenh lech ti^n cdng lao ddng giiia khu vyc ndng thdn va thj, giiia ngudi cd trinh dd cao va trinh dd thip, giua nhdm hd giau va hd ngheo la nguyen nhan din de'n su phan boa giau ngheo xa hdi Thu nhap Kinh tetinh Quang Binh thdi ky 2006-2010 tang trudng lien tue vdi td'c dd cao, ciing vdi cac chinh sach xa hdi hd trg cho ngudi ngheo, viing dan tdc thieu sd', viing sau, vimg xa cua cac du an giam ngheo, cac Chuong trinh 134, Chuang trinb 135, De an 30A cua Chinh phu ve hd trg huyen ngheo da mang lai hieu qua thiei tbuc, ndn thu nhap va ddi sd'ng cua ngudi dan tinh dugc cai th ien qua timg nam Kei qua dieu tra cho tha'y, tii nam 2006 de'n nam 2010, thu nhap binh quan diu ngudi thang theo gia hien hanh tang len lien tue tir 420 ngan ddng nam 2006, len 645 ngan ddng nam 2008 va nam 2010 la 950 ngan dong Nam 2010 thu nhap binh quan diu ngudi thang ca nudc la 1.387 ngan ddng; khu vyc Bic Trung Bd 903 ngan dong; mgt sd tinh viing Bic Trung Bg: Thanh Hoa 840 ngan ddng; Nghe An 920 ngan ddng Ha Tinh 840 ngan dong, Quang Tri 951 ngan ddng va TTiira Thien Hue 1.058 ngan ddng So vdi ca nudc, thu nhap binh quan ngudi thang d Quang Binh tha'p hon 437 ngan dong; so vdi cac tinh vimg Bac Trung Bd, Quang Binh xep tbii3 sau TTi tra Thien Hue va Quang Trj Tfnh chung cho ca thdi ky 2006-2010 thu nhap binh quan diu ngudi d Quang Binh tang 22,63% Neu loai trii ye'u td tac dgng cua gia ca, thu nhap binh quan ngudi thang d Quang Binh nam 2008 tang 15,3% so vdi nam 2006 va nam 2010 tang 26,2% so vdi nam 2008, tfnh chung cho ca thdi ky 2006-2010 tang 9,83%/nam Song song vdi thu thap binh quSn tang, co I ^ ... chua phan biet dugc ndi ham Trong hgc tap hgc sinh hgc thugc ldng djnh nghla, cdng thirc nhung chua chac hieu dugc ban chat cua nd Thi du nhu hgc sinh ghi nhd quy tac giai he phuong trinh bang... hay cgng dai sd: Neu hpc sinh hieu dugc rang de giai he phuang ttinh thi it nhit phai dua vl dugc he ttong dd cd mpt phuang ttinh chi cd mgt an sd Bang hieu biet dd hgc sinh se rit linh hoat biln... nhd bang ldi rat de quen nlu khdng nhd dugc ban chat van de) thi em dd khdng giai duge Mdt hpc sinh khac len fra ldi cau hdi, em thudc bet bai nhung "thua thay nhd thay nhac cho em cau dau" va