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Tap chl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Cao Thi Xuan My CAC YEU TO CAu THANH KI HIEU TRONG NGON NGU KI HIEU CUA NGUOfI KHIEM THINH VIET NAM CAO THI XUAN M?'''' T 6 M TAT Co 5 ypu td cdu thdnh ki hi^u giao tiip trong[.]
Tap chl KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Cao Thi Xuan My CAC YEU TO CAu THANH KI HIEU TRONG NGON NGU KI HIEU CUA NGUOfI KHIEM THINH VIET NAM CAO THI XUAN M?' T M TAT Co ypu td cdu thdnh ki hi^u giao tiip ngon ngir ki hieu (NNKH) Mac du chua CO h4 thdng NNKH thdng nhdt cd nudc, song NNKH Viet Nam ciing ddm bdo cdc yeu to cdu thdnh Qua nhiiu ddn chung cu thi, bdi viit phdn tich ldm ro di co cdi nhin sdu han ve NNKH Viet Nam dong thai tgo ca sa giup cho viec hgc lap tiip can NNKH duac de ddng han Tir khda ng6n ngii ki hi?u, ngudi khiim thinh ABSTRACT Sign constituents in sign language for hearing impaired Vietnamese There are five constituent elements of communicative symbols of sign language Although Vietnam has not issued an official common sign language system yet, Vietnamese sign language has all five main elements With many specific demonstrations, the article offers a clear analysis so that Vietnamese sign language will be more profoundly examined and easily accessible to learners Keywords: sign language, deaf Trong nhiing nam gan day, d nudc ta, van de giao due tre khiem thinh dugc chli trgng thi cdng cy giao tiep cua ngudi khiem thinh - ngon ngu ki hieu cung dugc quan tdm Tuy nhien viec nghien cuu NNKH Viet Nam chi mdi dimg d muc siru tdm, tap hgp cac ki hieu cua cac viing mien khac nham cung cap dii lieu (von tu) cho nhiing ddi tugng cd nhu cau ma chua cd nhiing cong trinh nghien ciiu chuyen sau, xem ki hieu giao tiip nhu mgt ddi tugng nghien ciiu cua ngdn ngii NNKH Viet Nam dugc cau nhu thi nao, kit cdu ngii phap sao, cd gi giong va khac so vdi NNKH ciia cac nudc tren the gidi la nhiing cau hdi khd rdt nhiiu ngudi quan tam Trong qua trinh thyc hien de tai ' T S , Trudng D^i hpc Su ph^m TPHCM "Tim hieu quy ludt dien dat ciia ngudi khiem thinh Viet Nam", chiing toi da c6 gang tim dap an cho nhung cau hdi NNKH la cdng cy giao tiip dac trung cua ngudi khiem thinh, song nd khong phai la bdm sinh Ngay ca ngudi khiem thinh mudn dien dat tdt bdng NNKH cung phai hgc va hieu each sii dyng loai hinh ngon ngii Trong bai viet nay, chiing toi gidi thieu ve cac yiu to cau ki hieu ngdn ngii vd lam ro dieu bang each phdn tich nhiing ddn chung til cac ki hieu ng6n ngii ciia Viet Nam Ngdn ngii ki hieu cua cdc nudc diu cd mpt diim chung rat ro net la co nam to ca bdn hinh nen ngii nghTa cua moi ki hieu giao tiep, nam thdnh td Id: Vi tri lam ki hieu (Location); 11 T?p chi KHOA HQC BHSP TPHCM - Hinh djng bdn tay (Handshape); - Chuyen dpng cua tay (Movement); Chilu hudng cua bdn tay (Orientation); Sy diln td khdng bdng tay (Non manual) [3, tr.12-13] Ndm thdnh tl dd tucmg ling vdi kit qud nghien ciiu NNKH Phdp eua Bill Moody: - Djnh vj (L'emplacement); - Cau hinh (La configuration); - Chuyen dpng (Mouvement); Djnh hudng (L'orientation); - Bieu cdm khudn mdi (L'expressoon du visage) [5, tr 24] Nhu vdy mdi ki hifu dupc xay dyng bdi sy phdi hpp thdng s i ndy, chung dupc tao tat cd cung mpt luc - khac vdi cac am vj, cac nguyen am va cdc phu dm, ngdn ngfl ndi, von di theo nhau, cdi ndy sau cdi Cdc thdng sd la nhflng ylu t l co bdn cua ngfl phdp NNKH, chi can khdc mdt thdnh td thi ki hifu da mang mpt ngu nghTa khde Hifn nay, chua thdng nhat, "phuong ngfl" qud nhieu, song NNKH ciia ngudi khiem thinh Vift Nam cflng khdng ndm ngodi quy lu^t chung clu mpt ki hifu Phan phdn tich sau s6 chiing minh dieu dd vd ldm rd them mpt sd quy djnh cdn ed thyc hifn KHNN Bjnh vj - cdc vj tri ciia tay thyc hifn ki hifu - Trong khong gian thyc hifn ki hifu CO vilng chinh: tdm tir ngyc din byng, tdm tu mdt din cd vd tdm tfl tai din vai (hinh 1) Do phdi dimg mdt (thi giae) dl SS 37 ndm 2012 quan sdt ki hifu nen yeu cdu cdc ki hifu phdi dupc thyc hifn khodng khdng ndy - tay dupc khdng qud cao, qud thap, qud xa vj tri trung tam - vifc thyc hifn hay quan sdt ki hifu dupc de ddng, giiip giao tilp thudn lpi hon (hinh 2) r;«rfJf I Rat ki ki hicu nao cung deu xuai phal Id moi irong 17 vj iri thuoc cac vung trcn ca Ihe la; dau tran mat mul lai ma, mieng cam, cd ben trai nguc ben phai nguc, chinh giua nguc viing bung, canii la\' khuyu tay (cui cho), long ban ta\ \a hrng ban la\' {hinh 3) Tgp chi KHOA HQC BHSP TPHCM Cao Thf Xuan My Vdi sy djnh vj ndy, chi cdn vj tri cua tay thay dii thi nghla ciia ki hifu Ijp tlic thay ddi Chdng h?n: NHA: Hai ldng bdn tay hudng vdo nhau, ddu cdc ngdn tay cham nhau, ddt trudc tdm nguc TRirdNG HQC: Hai long bdn tay hudng vdo nhau, diu cdc ngdn tay chjm nhau, ddt n-yde tdm mdt NONG TRAI: Hai long bdn tay hudng vdo nhau, ddu cdc ngdn tay cham nhau, dua chech xudng ve phia phdi rdi ddv trudc c i u hinh - hinh dang ciia bdn tay Cdu hinh Id nhflng hinh thdi khac cua bdn tay thyc hifn ki hifu: sd ngdn tay, dp md cua bdn tay, dp md cua cdc ngdn tay Chi cdn mpt chi tilt khdc se ddn din mpt nghla hodn todn khde Vidu: SUV NGHI: Bdn tay ndm, chTa ngdn trd ra, ddu ngdn ddt cham d thdi ducmg, net mdt bieu cdm DIEN: Bdn tay ndm, chTa ngdn trd ra, ddu ngdn ddt cham vdo thai duong, xody mdt cdi HIEU: Ban tay ndm, chTa ngdn trd hoi cong go ddu ngdn vao thai duong hodc cdi ddu gat nhe Hodc cdch thyc hien edc chfl cdi ngdn lay: Chu M Chu N Chuyin dfng Thdng sd thu ba ndy liSn quan den mdt hay nhilu chuyin ddng cda cdnh tay, cd tay, nhflng ngdn tay hay hai bdn tay, Cling nhflng yeu td khde nhu su lap lai ddng tdc, miic dp cdng thdng eo bdp, sy rung chuyen cdc ngdn tay, md hodc ddng ji cde ban tay, xoay tron cd tay Vidfi: Ban tay ndm, chia ngdn cdi hudng len nhdn mdt cai: TOT, GIOI Bdn tay ndm, chia ngdn cdi hudng Ifn, nhdn hai cai (bilu cdm): XUAT SAC - Bdn tay ndm, chia ngdn cdi hudng xudng: Dd, TE - Bdn tay ndm, chia ngdn cdi hudng xudng ddv xuing hai iln; RAT Dd Chu V Chir U Ban tay ndm, chia ngdn cdi ra, gat ngon cdi hudng xudng rdi bdt len: DANH GIA Hay cdc tu: DlTdNG: Hai tay dua trudc, long bdn tay hudng vdo nhau, ddv thdng trudc SONG: Hai tay dua trudc, ldng bdn tay hudng vdo nhau, dua ddn vl phia trudc theo hinh chfl chi Hoac: CHET: Hai bdn tay nam, chia hai ngon trd ra, ngdn trd phdi dat manh len ngdn trd trdi CON DAO: Hai bdn tay ndm, chia hai ngdn trd ra, ngdn trd phdi dat nhe len ngdn trd trdi, rdi ddv qua lai hai ldn Tgp chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Quan sat kT ben ciia cung mgt chuyen dpng ngudi la cd ihc nhgn nhirng \eu id sau: Dirdng di (ihdng v6ng vo, v.v ) Hudng di (len cao qua phai phia sau \.\ ) Tdc dg (ldng tdc dirng lgi, v.v ) Miic dp ciia van de (nhicu hay it, ) Djnh hirdng- chieu hudng cua ban lay Djnh hudng nhdm xac djnh chieu hudng bdn tay nhu ihi nao: Ldng bdn tay quay xuong hay hudng len? Hai long ban tay hudng vao nhau? Cac cdnh lay ndm ngang thdng dung hay theo chieu rieng? v.v Xac dinh nhung dinh hudng la dieu cdt yeu de phdn biet mgi sd ki hi?u Vidu: ~ Bdn tay ndm, chia ngon cai hudng xudng: Dd Ban tay nam, chia ngdn cai hudng len nhdn mpt cdi: TOT, GIOI Bdn tay phdi khep, long ban tav hudng len (ngOra) hai khum khum, chuyen ddng qua lai 3-4 ldn: IVU*CJC Ban tay phdi khep, long ban tav hudng xudng (up), chuyen dpng qua lai 3-4 ldn: BINH THUOfNG Hay: - Bdn tay ndm, chTa ngdn lit ra: CHU" CAM Ban tay ndm, chia ngdn lii ra, tir vi tri chQ- cdi i, ddy ng6n lit hudng len: MAU TIM Ban tay ndm, chTa ngdn lit ra, tir vi tri chG cdi i, ddy ngdn ut tay hudng sang phai: MAU VANG Bieu cam cua khudn m^t Remi Valade - nhd nghien ciiu NNKH Phdp - da timg ndi ve viec biiu S6 37 nam 2012 cam cua khudn m^t ngudi khiim thinh: "Ngudi binh thudng sd huv hai phuang ti^n de linh dgng hda dien tie, la dieu bg nai khudn mat vd su nhdn nhd gigng nguai khiem thinh chi cd moi mgt phuang ti?n vi the, hg thay vdo phuang ti^n md minh thieu bdng cdch cuong dieu phuang ti^n ~ nhdm giiip cho vi?c bieu Ig trgn v^n tinh cdm vd tu tuang ciia hg" [5, tr.63] Do dd, thdng sd thir ndm giii vai lr6 khdng nhd sy tao mpt ki hi?u rieng rS doi vdi ngu cdnh, nhdm phan bi?t ciing cdch thuc hi^n ki hi?u hodn todn nhu nhau, nhung net mat bieu cdm khdc thi nghTa ciia ki hieu ho§c ciia cdu bieu dat se khdc Chdng han: Cung mpt each dien dat dd, nhung se Id cau tudng thuat neu net mdt binh ihudng, se Id cdu hdi neu cd sy nhudng mav hodc la cau cam neu cau mdy Tuy nhien theo nghien ciru cua chiing tdi, so vdi NNKH Phap (FSL) hay NNKH MT (ASL) thi hi?n"nay sy khu biet ciia cdc ki hi?u qua yeu td bieu cam ciia khudn mat (yiu td khdng bdng tay) NNKH Viet Nam khdng that su rQ net vd dg lien quan khdng ch^t ldm ve ngii nghTa Vid^: Di^U PHONG (LAC): Tay trai ngiia chieh vi phia phdi, tay phdi ndm, chia ngdn trd cong, dua mu ngdn trd len ldng bdn tay trdi rdi keo thdng xudng net mdt binh thudng B A T D E N , D E N BU: Tay trdi ngira chieh vi phia phdi, tay phdi ndm, chia ngdn trd cong, dua mu ngdn trd len Idng bdn tay trdi rdi keo thang xudng mdt tron to net mdt gidn dii T?p chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM XAU: Tay phdi dua Irudc, long bdn tay hudng phia trdi, phdt m?nh vl phia trdi trudc tdm mfli net mdt binh thudng HOI (hdi thii): Tay phdi dua trudc, long bdn tay hudng phia trdi, phdt mjnh ve phia trdi trudc tdm mui, mfli chun lai net mat nhdn nhd v.v Tdm l^ii, tim hilu cdc thdnh to cdu thdnh ki hifu ndy giup ngudi ta cd thi nhan dang, phan bift cdc ki hifu, giup Cao Thj XuSn Mf ngudi hpe ki hifu nhanh hon, ghi nhd dupc lau hem vd thyc hdnh dupc chinh xdc hon thyc hifn giao tilp bdng NNKH Ding thdi nd cdn tjo co sd giup gidi nghidn cilu phdt hifn tinh bit hpp ii vifc xay dyng mft sd ki hifu ty phdt hifn cua cdc dja phuong, lpc ddn dl tiln din nhflng ki hifu chudn myc thing nhat cd nude, TAI L i f u THAM KHAO Cao Thi Xuan My (2008), Tit dien Ki hiiu giao tiip cua ngudi khiim thinh Viit Nam (phien ban 2.2), De tdi Nghien ciiu khoa hpc cdp Bp Bui Thi Anh Phuong (2011), Cdc thdnh td eua ki hiiu, Ki ylu Hpi thdo khoa hoc Gido dye ddc bift Vift Nam kinh nghifm vd triln vpng, Dai hpc Su ph^m Hd Npi Rod R Butterworth, Mickey Flodin (1989), Singing made easy Perigee Books J G Kyle, B.Woll (1998), Sing language, Cambrige Bill Moody (1983), La Langue des Signes, Centre Socio - Culturel des Sourds, Chateau de Vincennes 94300 Vincennes Lottie L Riekehof (1985), The Joy of singing Gospel Publicshing house Springfield, Missouri 65802 Trung tdm Tdt hpc (2003), Ki hieu ngon ngU Viet Nam, Vifn Nghien ciiu Gido due HdNpi fWgdy Tda soan nhin duac bit: 03-10-2011; ngiy chip nhin ding: 22-6-2012) THVt TR^JVG C N G TAG CHAN DOAN TRE KHUYET T^T rn4p ttieo trang 10) Hoang Phe (chu bien) (1988), TU diin tiing Viit, Nxb Khoa hpc Xd hpi Trdn Thj Le Thu (2003), Dgi cuang ve gido due dgc biit cho tre chgm phdt triin tri tue, Nxb Dai hpc Qudc gia Hd Npi Trdn Thi Lf Thu (2010), Dgi cuang can thiip sdm cho tri khuyet tgt tri tui, Nxb Dai hoc Quic gia Ha Npi Jane Squires, Elizabeth Twomly, Diane Bricker, Lawanda Potter (2009), "ASQ-3™ User's Guide", Paul H Brookes PuUshing Co (Ngiy Tda soan nhin duoc bit: 02-02-2012; ngiy chip nhin ding: 07-6-2012) 15 ... khiim thinh Viit Nam (phien ban 2.2), De tdi Nghien ciiu khoa hpc cdp Bp Bui Thi Anh Phuong (2011), Cdc thdnh td eua ki hiiu, Ki ylu Hpi thdo khoa hoc Gido dye ddc bift Vift Nam kinh nghifm vd... rd them mpt sd quy djnh cdn ed thyc hifn KHNN Bjnh vj - cdc vj tri ciia tay thyc hifn ki hifu - Trong khong gian thyc hifn ki hifu CO vilng chinh: tdm tir ngyc din byng, tdm tu mdt din cd vd tdm... trudc, ldng bdn tay hudng vdo nhau, dua ddn vl phia trudc theo hinh chfl chi Hoac: CHET: Hai bdn tay nam, chia hai ngon trd ra, ngdn trd phdi dat manh len ngdn trd trdi CON DAO: Hai bdn tay ndm, chia