I L U NGHl£NCUni TiCH cue HOA HOAT DONG NHAN THUTC CUA HOC SINH QUA UMG DUNG WEDPA TRONG DAY HOC KIEN THOC VE T H U A T T O A N i TRUdNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG VIET NAM I D I t vand l 0 Viit Nam, vile ki[.]
I L U NGHl£NCUni TiCH cue HOA HOAT DONG NHAN THUTC CUA HOC SINH QUA UMG DUNG WEDPA TRONG DAY HOC KIEN THOC VE T H U A T T O A N i TRUdNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG VIET NAM NGUYEN CHi TRUNG OflUfcSiliilifinHINOi NEIL A GORDON D91119c Hull, vuong Quite Anh Kilu dinh g i i niy gdp mdt phin nhd tao ddng I.DItvandl Viit Nam, vile kilm tra, dinh gii giio lye thde dly HS ty thly minh d n phii ed gIng hon dye phd thdng thudng dupc thye hiln theo cich nda d cic bpc kl sau Odnh gid ddng hay ddnh gid dinh gii truyin thdng, gdm kiim tra thudng xuyin tien trinh (formative assessment) li dinh gii chlnh v i kiim tra dinh kl Uu dilm Idn nhlt cda deh dinh thde hole khdng chfnh thde q u i trinh hpe t i p cda gii niy l i d l triln khai v i dac Suae chinh xie HS sudt hpc kl vdi mue dfch dilu chinh ho^t kit qui hpe t i p cda hpe sinh (HS) Phuong phip dinh ddng day hpc d l cii t i i n hilu qui Bic trung ndi bit gii cdng kha phong phd, bao gdm ttf ludn trin gily, v i ddng thdi l i uu dilm eda kiiu dinh gii niy i i nd trde nghiim trin gily vi trde nghiim kit hgp vdl ttf ludndupe t l l n hinh qui trinh hpc v i thi hiin trin gily Phuong phip kiim tra mling dupe tiin hinh ro ea chi sinh cdc phdn hdi kjp thdi, gidp ngudi hpc thudng xuyln vio mdi gid lln Idp, phin nio gidp giio phit triln ning nhin thde eda minh v i giup GV vlln (GV) bilt Suae HS nim bii hpe nhu t h i nio VI dilu chfnh vile d?y eho dim bio dupe mue tllu m^it phuang phdp ludn, so vdi md binh dinh gii hiln day hpe [5,6,7,11 ] Shirley cudn sich ndi tilng dai thi md binh dinh g i i truyin thdng ed mdt sd ban "Hgc tich etfc thdng qua ddnh gid ddng'Sa khlng djnh chl nhu ehua rd cochi sinh cie phin hdi ddng ldc v i chdng minh dinh g i i ddng cd tic dung cudn but gida GV v i HS d l cd t h i dilu chfnh boat ddng day v i HS hpc t i p tfeh cyc nhd tu t i l tao v i tu h$l hoat ddng hpc m$t deh kjp thdi; ehUa hd trp tdt cho thoai hilu q u i (xem [8]) Bi cho ring trung t i m cda dinh gii ddi vdi mdt nhdm hgc tdp; chua t i n dung qui trinh dinh g i i niy l i d c h m i dd HS dUpc mdi trudng edng nghi d l ty ddng hda qui trinh dinh Idl cudn vio sudt q u i trinh hpe t i p v i HS Suae "phdt gll v i bd trp nhOng chiln lupe dinh gii mdi tfch eye trien cdeh tu duy" (growth mindset) bing cich "tin budng" d c thich thde hon l i trinh nd vl sp thit bai hda dupc ngudi hpe Trong bil vilt niy, chdng tdi Si xult i p dung md Cdng vdi mdt sd nghien edu khie Shirley cdng nhin hinh dinh gll hiln dai qua mach kiln thdc v l thuat manh ring thdng tin phin hdi (feedback) v i sy dinh toin bil hpc (Tin hpc 10), v i Si nghj sd dung g i i kiln thdc da hpc (review) rlt bdu fch cho GV v i h i thdng WebPA lim cdng eu hd trp vile ddnh gid HS ty dilu chlnh boat ddng eda minh d l gid bpc ngang hdng va ttf ddnh gid Hai kilu dinh gii niy kit dat dupc hilu q u i t d t Vf dy, bing vile so sinh gida hpp v i cil dit quan dilm ddnh gid ddng Sa tao cho HS hai bii lim chit luong tdt v i chit luong trung binh sy hdng thd hpc tip, chd ddng v i nd lye hoin thinh (bole gida hai t i m guong hpc tip) d diu gid hpc, GV ed t b I gidp HS hilu dupe ein phii lim nhu t h i nio d c vin d l hpc t i p v i nhin thde Chung tdi xlc djnh md hinh dinh gll gdm ba d l dat dupe hilu q u i mong dpi bii hpe thinh phin (xem Hinh 1): Cic kilu (quan dilm) dinh Heidi L Andrade, Gregory J Cizek v i nhilu tic gii', d c phUcmg phip danh gll v i mdi trudng cdng g i i khic [9] cdng da nhin manh vai trd cda nghi d l thuc hiln dinh gii dinh gii ddng vile tich eye hda ngudi hpe Odnh gid tong kit (summative assessment) Hon la nda, cic t i e g l l cdn ehdng minh ring dinh gii dinh g i i chinh thdc dupe thyc hiln sau mdi mdt giai dpng dupe thyc hiln r l t hilu qui cho HS ty dinh do^n hpc tap d trudng phd thdng, dinh gii tdng g i i v i dinh g i i ngang hing mdt nhdm hpe t i p kit dupc t l l n hinh tai thdi dilm nda hpc kl v i cudi hcrp t i e Odnh gid ngang hdng (peer assessment) v hpc kl cda n i m hpe qua d c bii kilm tra v i thi, nhlm Ttf ddnh gid (self assessment) li dch dinh gii khdng xle djnh k i t q u i hpe t i p so vdi mue tllu hpc tip chinh thdc hoac chinh thdc, dung kit hpp vdi v i dupe sd dung ngd cinh td chde cho ngudi hpc boat ddng (theo nhdm), dd mdt HS ed t b I Tilng Anh l i assessment strategies (cdc chlin li/gc Mnh gid ru ddnh gid vi ddnh gid ngang hdng cdc thdnh viin hoic phuong phdp ludn ddnh g'ld) (xem [S, 6, 12]) 22>iuiUH9calSDVC NGHIEN CUU C Q khdc eda nhdm Vi|c dinh g i i niy dupe HS thye biln trin cie t l l u chf rd ring, GV cung elp td trude d l hudng din ele em dinh g i i chfnh xie v l edng bing Hal kilu dinh gii niy tao mdt mdi trudng canh tranh linh manh hpc tip, d dd HS dupe trao ddi, thio luin d l phin nhilm vu, dupe ty dinh gii bin thin minh v i dinh g i i cie ban khic nhdm mdt cich edng khai Mdi trudng dd lim niy sinh nhu d u ty thin vin ddng, mdi em d i u tich eye hpc tap vdl mong mudn hoin thinh tdt nhilm vy v i dupe thda nb^n Cic bilu hiln v l trang thil t i m li v i sy nd lye suy n^hl, cd gIng hoin thinh nhilm vu eda HS qui trinh hpc t i p v i ty dinh gii, dinh g i i ngang bing, l i hoin toin phd hop vdi d e diu bleu v l tinh tich eye hpe t i p cda HS dupe d l elp [1] Nlu so sinh vdi ba cip dd cda tfnh tfeh eye [2] thi HS dat dupe rlt rd hai d p dd diu tlin: tfch eye bit chudc (gIng sdc lim theo mlu boat ddng dinh gii eda thly v i d c h giii quylt v i n d l (bii toin) eda ban); tieh eye tim tdi (dde l i p giii quylt nhilm vu hpc t$p dupe giao); v i phin nio t h i biln tfnh tfeh eye sing t^o (nd lyc giii quylt v i n Si hpe t i p eda bin thin theo cich tdt nhlt d l Suae d c ban nhdm v i thly cdng nhin) trao ddi gida cic HS v i cie thic mIe cda HS vdl GV v l cic bii kilm tra, danh gii Ngupe lai, GVedng dua lln cic ciu t r i Idl, cie nhin xet hole khen ngpi, ddng vien ddng ldc ddi vdl HS Mdi trudng cdng nghe ldc niy ed vai trd l i phuong tlln truyin t i i v i luu trd cie tin hilu phin bdi (feedback) kjp thdi gida eua GV v i HS; nd tao cho HS mdt sy hii Idng v i hdng thd nhlt dmh Td dd cie em se cd •y thdc, ty glie bpc t i p tdt bon Si ed kit qui dinh gii tdt ban Vi thdng tin phin hdi ludn din etdng ldc nin HS dupe cdng cd kiln thde thudng xuyln Si chd ddng hpc t i p tich eye ban Binh gii ngang hing v i ty dinh gii ddi vdl mdt nhdm hgc tdp (team work/work group) Suae tien hinh cd t b I dya vio sy hd trp die lye eda h i thdng WebPA (xem [12]) Biy l i mdt phin mim trye tuyin, m i ngudn md, dupc nhilu trudng bpc d nude ngoii sd dung GV ed t h i eung d p nhdng tiiu ehl dinh gii d trin h i thdng WebPA, nhdm se dya vio cie tllu chi Si ty dinh gii v i dinh gia nhdng ngudi edn lai (dinh gii ngang hing) bing deh eho dilm (gpi l i dilm thudng) HI thdng se dya vio kit qui lim vile ehung eda d nhdm (do GV chim v i nhip dilm vio h i thdng) v i d e kit qui rilng eda tdng HS (tdng sd dilm thudng) d l tinh dilm cudi cung eho tdng thinh viin Co chl niy giup dim bio sy cdng bing cho HS v i tilt kilm sdc iao ddng eda GV Phin tilp theo eda Kiiu ddnh gid (assessment strategies) bii bio niy se trinh biy thuit toin WebPA v i euoi Odnh gid tdng kit (summative assessment) edng dua sy vin dung cic cich dinh gii da d l cip Odnh gid tiin trinh (fomative assessment) Si tich eye hda HS qua bil day "Bil toan v i thuat t o i n ' Ttf ddnh gid (self assessment) (Tin hoc 10) Ddnh gid ngang hdng (peer assessment) Thuat t o i n WebPA Bii toin m i WebPA gill quyet cd t b I dupe phit bilu tdm t i t nhu sau: Hdy tinh diim cudi eiing cho timg HS sau cd diem ehung cho cd nhdm vd tong diem thudng cda ttfnq thdnh viin nhdm Phuang phip Mnh gid (assessment methods) Input Ttfiu^n (essay/assignment) • p: dilm chung cho d nhdm (overall mark of Trde nghiim (Multiple choices question) team work) Suae cho bdi GV Hdsahgc tdp (porfolio) • ma trdn vudng A d p n (n Id tong sd HS nhdm) Vdi A(i,j) l i sd dilm m i HS thd i chim (thudng) eho HS thdy • Hai tham sd: fix l i trpng sd dupe sddung cho ¥61 trudng cdng nghi (technology environment) phan md rdng eua thuit toin v i pit (penalty martt) la Microsoft SharePoint (chgy trin nin Intranet) dilm phat ddi vdi HS khdng tham gia vile dinh gii SakalSoftware (chgy trin nin Intranet) • Tham sd ff {fudge factor) l i nhin td phu, dupe WebPA systems (nhdng vdo web/Intranet) sd dyng din nlu tdn tai HS khdng ndp bit ki dinh g i i nio Output Hinh Md hinh ddnh gid hiin dgi • Bilm sd cudi edng cda tdng HS nhdm Thu^t t o i n WebPA Mdi trudng cdng nghi hd trp die lyc cho d c kilu Cd nhilu deh gill quylt bii toin trin d l d i dlt dinh g i i d l d l cjp, vl du phin m i m MS Sharepoint vio h i thdng WebPA Thuit toin WebPA [101 dudi diy chay trin nin cda Intranet cho phip ghi lai d e y kiln 11 mdt deh dem giln nhlt v i dupe i p dyng phd biln: sd 13-THiK 1/2012*23 Q NGHllNCflU Budc T Chudn hda cdc diem ddnh gid eda mdi gia HS dinh gii ngang hing: nhdm A(n+1,j)=A(n+l,j)-plt; (9) Tinh tdng dilm cho HS thd / da chim eho d e Budc 4: Trd kit qud diim cudi cdng cho titng HS thinh vlln nhdm, k l c i minh: (Quivi 100% niu vugt qud) AO,n+l)=A(l 1)+A(l,2)-i- +A(i,n), Tich cUc hoa ngtfdi hoc qua Cfng dung thuit i = 1,2, ,n (1) toan WebPA day hoc thuat toan (Tin hoc 10) Tfnh cie tf II dilm m i HS thd i chim cho HS thdy: a) Xdc dinh cdc myc tiiu vd cdc ngi dung tin A(l,]) =A(i.]j/A(i n+1), i,]=^, n, (2) kiem tra, ddnh gid Budc 2: Tinh so diem WebPA cho moi HS Mach kiln thdc v l thuit toin d bic phd thdng 2.7 Tinh tham sd ff: Gpi m l i sd HS tham gia dinh Vilt Nam dupe gidi thilu tryc tilp bii 4Tln hoc gii Khi Idp 10, v i dupc gidi thilu giin t i l p qua cic bai toin Nlum=ntbiff=1; v i chuong trinh (lip trinh) cda Tin hpe Idp 11 Trong ngupe lai ff = n / m; (3) pham vi cda mdt bil bio, ehdng tdi chl gidi thilu ip 2J finh tdng sd dilm m i HS thdy nhin dupe dung qua bii ('Sd/ fodn vd thudt fodn") Tin bpc 10 o;Nlum = ntbl Nhdng vin d l d n kilm tra, dinh gii can cdtrin dc A(n+1,J) = A(1,i)+A(2,j) + +A(n,j){A) chuln kiln thde ki nang [3,4] b) Nlu m