NGHIEN cim alKNG DUNG II TiCH Circ HOA HOAT DONG NHAN THIJfC CUA HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC VAT Ll QUA TJNli THUC TIEN CUA BAI HOC PGS TS Le Van Giao ON Hoang Hoa 1 Sy can thiet phai tang cudng tinh thuc[.]
II NGHIEN cim alKNG DUNG TiCH Circ HOA HOAT DONG NHAN THIJfC CUA HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC VAT Ll QUA TJNli THUC TIEN CUA BAI HOC PGS.TS Le Van Giao - ON Hoang Hoa Trudng DHSP - DH Hue Sy can thiet phai tang cudng tinh thuc tien day hoc vat li d trirdng THPT 1.1 Nhung bien phap nham phat huy tinh thye tien cua bai hoc Vat li hgc la mgt so it mon bgc co moi quan be rat chat che vdi tu nhien, kT thuat va ddi song Bdi vay, viec day hgc vat li phai dugc gan lien vdi thuc tien, thong qua nhung iing dung ciia no kT thuat va ddi song Tuy nhien, nhieu nguyen nhan, viec day va hgc vat li van nang ve li thuyet, thudng theo kieu "ghi nhd - tdi hien" Ket qua la kha nang van dung kien thuc vao thuc tien ciia HS rat ban che Thuc te cho thay HS phat bieu dugc thuyet dgng bgc phan tir, biet dugc bien tugng bay hai nhung khong giai thich dugc vi vao miia dong sau tam trudc gio ngudi ta cam thSy lanh ban, hay HS co th6 phat bilu va viet dugc bieu thii'c djnh luat Bernoulli nhung khong hieu vi hai tau chay song song gan thi CO the va vao Dieu cho thdy, viec tang cudng ; ; tinh thuc tien ciia bai hgc day hgc vat li la rat can thiet, no kich thich thu hgc tap ciia HS gop phan doi mdi phuang phap day hgc, tranh dugc loi day hgc ""gido dieu - sdch vd\ De tang cudng tinh thuc tien ciia bai hgc, can phai van dung cac bien phap sau: Sir dung cac bai tap thuc te day hgc; Sir dung cac thi nghiem, dac biet la cac thi nghiem dan gian re tien; - To chiic cho HS tham quan, ngoai khoa tai cac ca sd san xuat tren dja ban, nhu; nha may thiiy dien, nha may ca khi, dai truyen hinh ; Chi nhung irng dung ciia nhung kien thiic ma cac em dugc hgc vdi kT thuat va ddi song Tuy nhien, de viec tang cudng tinh thuc tien ciia bai hgc CO hieu qua, day hgc can chu y nhung diem sau: - Gan vdi muc tieu, ngi dung CLia bai hgc va kien thiic thuc te cua HS Xay dung kho tu lieu phong phu, gom: Tranh anh, cac bai tap va vi du thuc te, cac Video clip lien quan den hien tugng thuc te va nhung irng dung cua vat li ddi song va kT thuat - Sir dung diing luc va khong lam dung 2.2 Vi du minh hoa qua bai: "Sy nd vi nhiet cua vat rSn" ldp 10 THPT Sy nddai Khi nghien ciru hien tugng nd dai, d THCS, HS da bilt nhiet ciia vat ran tang len thi kich thude eiia vat tang len De ciing CO kien thuc GV co the lam thi nghiem ve sir nd dai ciia kim loai sach giao khoa hoac cho HS xem Video clip (Hinh 1) Hinhl Day la mgt hien tugng co rat nhieu Ling dung ddi song va ky thuat vi vay sau klii thiet lap cong thu'c nd dai ^ = ^0 (1 + a t ) , GVcSn chira cbo HS thay nhCrng iing dung ciia hien tugng xay dung, giao thong van tai, ky thuat qua cac vi du hoac qua cac Video clip chang ban nhu: dudng ray co the bj cong nang nong hien tugng nd dai (Video clip hinh 2) va de khac phuc ngudi ta phai chiia mgt khoang hd giua cac ray lam dudng (Video clip binh 3) Hoac dua vi du thuc te: "Mgt tam kim loai dugc khoet mgt 16 tron d giua, ta nung nong tam kim loai thi lo tron Idn len hay nho lai?" Nhijin bai 26/6/2011 TAP CHi THIET Bj GlAo DI^C - so 72 • 8/2011 • 13 II NGHIEN cim & UMG DUNGl Hinh Hinh Ngoai ra, hien tugng nd vi nhiet cung co nhieu ung dung kT thuat va ddi song ma HS can phai biet, bieu va giai thich dugc, chang ban: + Rale nhiet ban la, bep dien (Hinh 4) k :j ^^=^ (binh 8), bay ong xa ciia Moto xe may lai co dang uon cong ma khong lam thang (binh 9) Sy nd khoi Sau HS nam dugc hien tugng nd khoi va bieu thirc tinh nd khoi, GV nen cho HS lay nhung vi du hoac chi nhOng iing dung ciia bien tugng thuc te, chang ban: vi d toa nha ldn ngudi ta khong xay mgt khoi lien ma phai xay tiing dan nguyen va giu:a chung co khe hd (Hinh 10), hay tai betong ngu'di ta phai tinh toan ty le betong va sat thich hgp Bang !Choi Hinh + HS can phai hieu vi xay dung: giua cac tam lat cau lai dugc lap ghep nhu hinh Cac nhjp cau lai dugc ga tren cac lan (hinh 6), hay tai ton Igp nha lai co hinh hinh lugn song (hinh 7) Tai dudng dan ong dot 16 Hinh 10 TAP CHi THIET Bl GIAO DUC - SO 72 - 6/2011 Hinh Ket luan Qua viec tang cudng tinh thuc tien ciia bai hgc se giup cho HS thay dugc moi quan he chat che giua Vat li doi vdi ky thuat va ddi song, qua gop phan kich thich bimg thii hgc tap ciia HS Nhd do, HS co the hieu sau ban va van dung tot ban cae kien thiic da bgc vao thuc tien, giiip HS thay dugc y nghTa ciia viec hgc vat li, tir se lam cho cac em say me han hgc tap Doi vdi GV, viec tang cudng tinh thue tien ciia bai hgc tao dieu kien thuan lgi viec to ehiic qua trinh day hgc, qua gop phan nang cao chat lugng day bgc bg mon Tai lieu tham khao Le Van Giao, Thi nghiem va phuang lien true quan day hoc vdt li a trudng thong NXB Giao due, 2005 Nguyen Th^ Khoi (tdng chii bien) - Pham Quy Tu (chii bien), V(/; //10, NXB Giao due, 2006 http://thuvienvatli.coin la PERENMAN, Veil li vui, NXB Giao due, 1976 ... SO 72 - 6/2011 Hinh Ket luan Qua viec tang cudng tinh thuc tien ciia bai hgc se giup cho HS thay dugc moi quan he chat che giua Vat li doi vdi ky thuat va ddi song, qua gop phan kich thich bimg... dieu kien thuan lgi viec to ehiic qua trinh day hgc, qua gop phan nang cao chat lugng day bgc bg mon Tai lieu tham khao Le Van Giao, Thi nghiem va phuang lien true quan day hoc vdt li a trudng thong