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THUG TRANG SD RRNG NGRN N G K T O A N HOC CUA HOG SINH CAC m p RAU GAi> TIEU HRC TRONG HRCTAP MONTOAN TtiS TRAN N G Q C BICH* 1 Trong hpc tap mdn Toan, ngdn ngu toan hpc (NNTH) cd vai trd quan trpng v[.]
THUG TRANG SD RRNG NGRN N G K T O A N HOC CUA HOG SINH CAC m p RAU GAi> TIEU HRC TRONG HRCTAP MONTOAN TtiS TRAN N G Q C BICH* Trong hpc tap mdn Toan, ngdn ngu toan hpc (NNTH) cd vai trd quan trpng va anh hudng khdng nhd din kit qua hpc tap cua hpc sinh (HS) Toan hpc va ngdn nguty nhien (NNTN) cd mdi quan he mat thilt vdi nhau: NNTN tham gia vao bilu thi cac npi dung toan hpc; toan hpc dupc the hien nhu mpt ngdn ngu (NN) rieng biet nhung lai su dung nhieu NNTN nghien ciiu va giang day mdn Toan Do dd, NNTH cd mdt phan cila NNTN nhung khdng phai tat ea NNTN dlu cd y nghTa toan hpc Vi vay, HS gap khdng it khd khan si?dung NNTH Nhdn tliuc dupc tam quan trpng nay, ehung tdi da nghien cuu thye trang sudung NNTH ciia HS cac Idp dau cap tieu hpc de lam co sd d l xuat mpt sd bien phap ndng cao kha ndng si; dung NNTH cho cde em Qua trinh thye hign khao sat ehung tdi su dung phuang phap nghien cQu, phdn tieh, ddnh gia pliilu hpc tap, vd bai tap toan cua HS d mpt so tmdng tie'u hpc ciia tinh Thai Nguyen, Lang Son, Bdc Kan Ngoai ra, sudung phuong phap quan sat d l thu thap thdng tin tham gia du gid Npi dung khao sat chu ylu v l kha ndng dpc, viet, su dung NNTH ciia HS tilu hpe thye hdnh tinh toan; kha nang "phien djeh" tQNN so dd, hinh anh sang NNTN; kha ndng chuye'n djch tQ NNTN sang NNTH giai toan Sau thu thdp, phdn tieh, danh gia se ed dupc kit qua khao sat djnh tinh kha nang sudung NNTH eua HS Ket qua khao sat 1) Kha ning dgc, viet ki hieu toan hgc cua HS cic Idp dau cap, die biet li HS Idp thudng khdng chinh xic Theo tac gia Ha ST Ho: NNTH chu yeu li NN su dung ki hieu va ki hieu toan hgc chinh li yeu to gay khd khan cho HS hgc tap toin (1) odi vdi HS cae Idp dau cap tie'u hpe, dien hinh la HS kjp 1, cac em gap nhilu khd khdn vdi each dpc, viet theo NNTH Mpt nhung nguyen nhdn la each dpe, viet eua NNTH khae hon nhilu so vdi tieng Viet Ngay tu nhQng bai hpc dau tien, HS kip lam quen vdi cae sd phgm vi 10, ed rd't nhieu HS vilt sai, viet ngupc eae so 46 Tap chi Gido due so 302 Khi vilt ki hieu v l dd'u cdc phep toan, HS vilt khdng chinh xac, dd'u bdng va dd'u tni thudng qua ngdn hoac qua ddi, hoac treo leo d trdn giua hai sd; dd'u cpng viet cheo gan gidng dd'u nhdn HS Idp thudng gap khd khan vllt va dpe eac ki higu toan hpc Vidu: dy gid bai "Diem Doan thing", hay bai "Xing - ti - met Do tfa/"(Toan 1), GV da luu y cho HS v l each dpc, each viet nhung ti Id HS dpc sai van cdn Khi dpc dilm "C", HS dpc Id diem "ed'; dpe don vi "em" (xdng ti met), cd HS dpe la "ed md' Khdng ehi HS Idp ma HS ldp 2, ldp cung dpc sd khdng ehinh xde Chang han, vdi sd "91", HS thudng dpe la "chin muoi mdf, "25" dpc la "hal nam" hoac "hai muoi nam", Tuy nhien, HS Idp 2, Idp da phln nao quen vdi eaehdpc, vilt ki higu toan hoc nen it mdc sai lam hon Ldi ma HS mdc phai phln Idn la khdng can than va quen vdi each dpe khdng day du sinh hoat hang Vi dy: sd "563", eac em thudng dpe la "nam trdm sau ba" chQ khdng dpc day du la "ndm tram sdu muoi ba" Chinh each dgc khdng chinh xac da dan din nhung sal lam hpc tap toan cua HS 2) Kha nang tinh toin cua HS cic Idp dau cap tieu hgc cdn mic nhieu sal lam Theo chiing tdi, NNTH ed anh hudng khdng nhd din chat lupng day hpc va kit qua hpc tap eiia HS Trong thyc hdnh tinh toan, nlu HS ndm khdng viimg cae quy tac toan hpc, vilt sai, viet cau tha se dan din kit qua bai lam sai Kit qua khao sat nhu sau: - HS Uiue hien phep tinh sai kha nhieu; 79 77 C G>i - Nhim giua phep tinh khdng nhd vdi phep tinh cd nhd Ching han, HS da ap dyng phep tinh ed nhd vao ttiyc hign phep tinh tni khdng nhd trang cae phep tinh sau: ' Klioa (liao liK tt« Im, TnfiMg Da hpc sifpliM • M bpc Thai Ngiqren (ki2-1/2013) ^.ffa &1 .jy.7: ^SS 3^ ^a3 .ft.6 ^ , ^ ^ 3.Cj ._ 3.5 - HS vQa thuc hien phep tinh trQ vua ttiyc hien phep tinh cdng cung mdt phep tinh I '• Rfi trx'r 33 abxim CO cov -Uuuienni \ Ngoai ra, cdn cd mdt sd Idi ma HS hay mdc phai nhu: vilt khdng thdng cdt thuc hanh phep tinh; d l bdi yeu eau thyc hidn phep tni nhung lai thyc hien phep cpng; phep tinh nhdn cd nhd nhung HS da quen khdng nhd, 3) Kha nang "phlin dich " td hinh anh, sa sang NNTN cda HS cdn nhiiu han chi'.Qua khao sat, chiing tdi nhdn thd'y kha nang dpc vd hilu hinh anh, so 60 toan hpc ciia HS cdn chua tdt Nhieu HS khdng hid'u ydu cau cua bdi toan, khdng "phien djch" dupc td so toan hpe sang NNTN Ode biet, ldi ndy xuat hign nhieu d HS cae tinh miln nui Wc/u.'GV cho HS hodn philu hpc tap vdi yeu cau: Ogt de toan theo tdm tdt sau: ecu Vhu)iJ&t\, lcb^ ^ ' ' - Ldi khdng hieu yeu elu hoae khdng dpc kT de bai nen mpt sd HS da giai bai toan hode ghi lai tdm tdt eua bai toan: & iai SHW d boar UuiAn U.; I •.! Kdmfn.i cl^'OV^ t tr%Mi^r\ 4) HS cdn mic nhieu loi chuye'n djch hr NNTN sang NNTH giai toin HS thudng mdc ldi khi^chuyen dich tQ NNTN sang NNTH Cu the', giai bai toan: "Cd mdt doan daydai90cm, ngudi ta cit bdt 20cm Hoi doan day cdn lai dai bao nhieu xang - ti-met?", HS da mdc eae ldi sau: - HS vilt sai ldi giai bai toan, eac em thudng vilt nhQng cdu khdng ed nghTa hode su dyng td, ngu khdng ehinh xde, chdng han nhu: "doan day cdn lai cd ta't ca la", "doan day cdn lai dai so doan day la", "ed tat ca so doan thing dai la", Ngodi ra, cd nhQng Idi giai sai han npi dung hoac nham lln vdi cdu hdi; BOt 20c/n\, -Sa.cim I- Nam - Hinh phep tinh dung nhung ttiyc hien phep tinh sai: Tuan Vdi bai toan nay, HS da mdc nhung ldi sau: - HS khdng hie'u so dd tdm tdt nen khdng "phien djch" dupe tQ"NN hinh anh" sang NNTN;taidd, ddn dd'n ddt d l toan sai Ching han: c/Vam co'4 nai, 'dui'u£M.,'SuBM-0 pt^U^; CO/^ * cirv^j33.jC«TJ - Xac djnh sai dan vi cua bai toan Chang han, giai bai toan dtren, HS thudng lay don vj la doan, dogn ddy hode day _ 5) Khi nang dien dat cua HS cdn nhieu han chi' Thdng qua dy gid va trao ddi vdi cdc G V bye tie'p giang day, GV cd kinh nghiem Idu nam, chung tdi nhdn thd'y kha nang diln dat cua HS cdn han che HS gap khd khan viec trinh bay y tudng eua minh tmdc nhdm thao ludn hoac tmde toan kip Nhieu HS lam dung dap sd nhung khdng giai ttiich dupc kit qua bai lam cua minh Mptsddlxud't Kit qua khao sat cho thay, nhung sai lam ctja HS thudng cd nguyen nhdn tu vide khdng hieu, khdng ndm Tap chi Gido due so 302 (ki2-1/2013) 47 vung NNTH Do dd, dindng eao kha ndng sudung NNTH cua HS, GV d n ed nhung bign phap huu hieu de hinh ttianh, ren luydn, phat triln NNTH eho eac em Dudi ddy, ehung tdi de xuett mdt sd bidn phdp ndng eao kha nang sudung NNTH cho HS: 1) NN su dung giing day ciia GV phai chuan mue GV can sudung ehinh xdc cac ki liidu, thudt ngQ toan hqc, thudng xuyen trau ddi kiln thde, trao ddi vdi ddng nghigp nhi?ng khd khdn v l NNTH giang day 2)GV can trang bi cho HS mdt nen ting tri thuc NNTH vung chic, giup cae em hie'u sdu sac v l ki hieu, thudt ngQ toan hpe Cy the, hinh NNTH, GV nen gidi thieu tQ vyng toan hpe mdt ngQ canh ttiich hpp, gkii thieu can ke nghTa, each vilt vd each sudyng NNTH eho HS HS se khd linh hdi tu vyng todn hpe nlu khdng gan vdi thuc tiln, dd, GV can tgo eae ngQcanh hode sQdyng eac hinh anh tn/e quan d l HS dd ddng linh hpi kiln ttiQc 3) GVein tao eho HS ea hdi ren luyen, phittrien NNTH Mng qua cac sai lam hpc tap GV tgo cae tinh hud'ng sai lim de HS ty phat hien, sau dd sira ldi hode eho HS phdt hidn ldi sai eila ban vd sua lai cho dung Hpe tap thdng qua sai lim se giup HS hilu, ghi nhd kiln thde mdt each sdu sde 4)GV ein tieh hep viec ren luyen NNTH vdi viee hinh thinh, phit trien tri thde eho HS Ren luyen NNTH eho HS khdng the ehi diln mdt vai gki hpe hay mot sd bdl hpc ma can 6uqc thyc hign thudng xuydn, lien tuc 5)GV tao ea hdi cho HS duge tap luyen sudung NNTH tali ca cic mach kien thik GV can quan tdm dd'n tat ea cac dd'i tupng HS, tao dilu kign eho HS dupc phat triln NN ndi ehung va NNTH ndi rieng 6)GV can tao mdi tn/dng giao tie'p mi a dd, HS dugc ren luyen, phit trien kinang giao tiep bing NNTH G V ed ttii ed sy phdn hda theo trinh dp nhdn ttiQc, kha ndng phat trien NN cila HS de dgt higu qua cao gid hpc toan *** (1) Ha Si HO IvihOng vS'n de co bdn cua phuong phdp day va hpc toan cSp NXB Gido dttc H 1990 Tai li$u tham khao VQ Cao Dam Phuong phap lu$n nghi£n cihi khoa hpc NXB Khoa hpc vd ki thudt, H 1999 Pham Van Hodn - NguySn Gia CO'c - Trdn Thiic Trinh Giao due hpc mOn Toan NXB Gido diic, H 1981 Eula Ewing Monroe - Michelle P Orme Developing mathematical vocabulary Preventing School Failure, Research Library pg 139, 2002 DO Dinh Hoan Toan NXB Gido dtic, H 2007 SUMMARY Mathematical language plays an important role and has a direct impact on students' learning outcomes Therefore In order to improve the quality of students' learning, researchers and educators must proceed from reality This paper presents the survey results on the ability of using mathematical language of flrstgradesstudentsin primary schoolsin learning Mathematics with the desire to contributively form a factual basis for seeking andproposingmethods Van dung phuong phap day hoc (Tief) theo tmng 52) quylt vin d l todn hpc mdt each tich eye md cdn hinh thdnh cho cac em cac phd'm chat tri tud; tQ dd, gdp phan ndng cao hieu qua DH mdn Toin6THCS dl (I) NguySn Bd Kim Phuong phdp day hpc mOn Todn NXB Dai hpc suphpm, H 2004 Tai li£u tham khao Biii Van Nghi Vdn dung Ii ludn vdo thi^ tiSn d^y hpc mOn Todn o truthig phd thdng NXB Dpi hpc su pham, H 2008 Dao Tam - Trdn Trung T6 chirc hoat dOng nhdn thiic day hpc mtfn Todn ii trudng trung hpc phd thdng NXB Dai hpc suphpm, H 2010 NguySn Trung Thanh Td chic dpy hpc hpp tdc nhdm day hpc Hinh Hpc d trudng trung hpc Phdn tich kit qua khao sat, chung tdl nhdn thay, ca sd Ludn van Thac si Giao due hpc, Truong Dji kha nang sudyng NNTH cila HS cac Idp dlu cap hoc Vinh, 2012 tieu hpc tipc tap mdn Toin ehua that tdt HS Phan Dth: Cht'nh (tdng chu bien) Todn 7, tdp I edn nhilu lungtaing,mac sai lim ehuyen djch tu NXBGidoduc,H.2007 NNTN sang NNTH va ngupe lai, kha ndng si;dyng SUMMARY NNTH cua cac em cdn nhilu hgn chl Vi vdy, This paper presents the application of the group day hpe, GV cin giup HS ndm vQng kiln thuc toan cooperation model in g^metric theorem teachingsituhpc, ddng thtii, ren luyen kha ndng su' dyng NNTH ations for students to promote positive student learnctio eae em; hi dd, gdp phln nang cao chd't lupng ing and meet the requirements of teaching geometry dgy hpe mdn Toin a tieu hpe Q in the Middleschool 48 Tap ehi Gido due so 302 — (ki2-1/2013)