Nghiin cihi Trao d6i l ^ p chi C6ng sAn HINH THANH N £ N GIAO DUC NHAN VAN C 6 N G N G H | , TH^C H P C THVC NGHltP, PHAT TRIEN GIA TRI TV NGVPl HOC PH4 MMINHH4C* Tiip tgc th^ hifn chiin luftc cong ng[.]
Nghiin cihi - Trao d6i l ^ p chi C n g sAn HINH T H A N H N £ N GIAO DUC N H A N V A N C N G N G H | , TH^C H P C THVC NGHltP, PHAT TRIEN G I A TRI TV NGVPl HOC PH4.MMINHH4C* Tiip tgc th^ hifn chiin luftc cong nghifp hda (CNH), hifn dgi hda (HBH) vd hgi nhfp quic ti, Bgi hgi XI cua Bdng dd quyit ^nh: "Boi m&i cdn bdn vd todn difn nin gido dgc nu&c nhd" theo quan tUim "M& rfn^ ddn chu, phdt huy toi da nhdn to ngu&i, coi ngu&i la chu the, nguon /(TC chu yiu vd la mgc tiiu cua s^phdt triin " v&i khdu dgt phd thfrc hifn Chiin lugrcphdt triin kinh te - xd hgi 2011 - 2020 "Phdt trien nhanh nguon nhdn /{TC, nhit Id nguon nhdn luc chit lu^g cao " Sau nghien cuu triet ly gido dgc the gi&i vd Vift Nam, tdc gid bdi viit trinh bdy y kiin vi ba ngi dung vua niu Thdnh tyu ve gido dye Hptilinggido dye nudc ta dd dat dupe nhu hifin Id mpt nhiing thdnh tyu vT dai nhdt ciia cdch mgng Vi$t Nam dudi sy ldnh dgo ciia Chu tich Hd Chi Minh va Dang ta Sd lipu tiling kfi dudi ddy Id minh chung rd rdng cho sy ddnh gid Daasocamin; IViritthiagS-lHS Nim 2010 ld)oing20tn^[igiiti bon 86 t n ^ Dginn Tyl^dSncnbKldnt S% 94% Tyl^dtacirditKK 3% m 937 khoing 40 000 vat trim nguoi gan mfu ngirai Sfipbigiaosii kbongco 7.029 ngiroi SSgiiosu khong CO 1333 nguji Sotmdngbgc So nguoi l5( nghifp dai hpc v l chit lupng, thdnh tyu ro nhit Id san phim giao dye cua nudc nhd da ddng gdp xung dang vdo cdng cudc giai phdng dan tpc, tiling nhat giang son, ddi mdi ddt nudc Tu ddi mdi (ndm 1986) nfin gido dye nude nhd dd ldm dupe mpt sd vipc dang kfi, nhu ndm 2000 hodn thdnh cdng cupc xda md chii va phd cgp gido dye tifiu hpc; ndm 2010 phd cgp trang hpc phd thdng co sd theo tifiu chi chung cua thfi gidi (Tuyfin bd Giom-chifing, 1990); hipn dang thye hipn phd cdp trung hpc (trung hpc phd thdng, trung hpc chuyfin nghifp, tmng hpc nghfi) va phd cdp mdu giao tudi Chung ta da xdy dyng duqc h? thdng gido dye hodn chinh tu bgc hpc mam non dfin dgi hpc (bao gdm ca sau dgi hpc), ca h$ chinh quy vd hp thudng xuyfin, hdng ndm thu hut dupe khoang 22 - 23 tripu ngudi di hpc, Sau muoi bay ndm_ qua, chung ta dd trai qua 3D nam (khdng kfi tnrdc vd sau dd) chifin tranh bifit bao hy sinh ndng ne, eye ky gian khd, lgi mit 10 ndm (1975 -1985) khung hoang kinh te - xd hdi, den mdi tiioat khdi nhdm nudc ng^eo, hon 70% dan cu sdng d s i 838 (thang nSm 2012) 61 T « p ch< C ^ n s sAn Nghien cim - Trao dd'i ndng thdn , mi cd dupe nin giio dye nhu vira diim qua vii nfit dttfin,li diiu thit ding mimg, ding thdi tao diiu kiin thu$n ipi cho sy phit ttiin kinh te - xi hii Dupe nhu vjy li nhd nhin din ta phit huy dupe truyin thing hiiu hpc, cd nhftng ddng gdp lit to Idn vdi ndng cit li miy thi hi nhi giio, lim nfin nhftng thinh tyu hit sue quy biu $V mit cin dii (miu thuin) Khic phyc bfinh thinh tich, chii quan, ty min, ttong nhiiu Vin kifin ciia Ding vi Nhi nude di chi rd, nginh giio dye vi dio tao dang ddng ttude nhiiu miu thuin (mit cin dii) diy thich thuc Nh§n djnh niy dupe ci xi hpi vi cic nhi khoa hpe, cic nhi giio rit ding tinh Cd thi nfiu miu thuin: I - Miu thuin gifta chinh sich phit ttiin giio dye nhanh, quy mo Idn vi chinh sich diuttr.Tuy Dang vi Nhi nudc di ting diu tu cho giio dye vi dao tao tu hon 5% (nim 1987) Ifin 20% (tir nim 2008) ngin sich nha nudc, nhung khdng hiiu thye hu the nio, phin ddng gdp td phia xi hpi van cdn khoing mpt nua ngin sach giio dye, Uii ma dfin biy gid nhiiu noi tiiieu phong hpc nghifimttipng,nhiiu ldp si so hpc sinh qui ddng (50 - 60 em); ehii ttnrong day buii/ngiy d tiiu hpc tir nim 1994 din tren pham vi ei nudc mdi chi dat khoing 50%, d trung hpc jihd thdng vitaunghpc co sd ty Ifi rit thap Trong d hiu het cic nudc trfin thi gidi, trudng hpe diu day buii/ ngiy (vi vay, so sinh vdi 22 nude si gid hpc d giio dye phd thong nudc ta dung ttong nhdm thip nhit) Di neu quan difim diu nr cho giio dye (bao gim ca dio tao) li diu m phit tiiin, giio dye li kit ciu tang cua kinh ti - xi hpi, tiic Ii giao dye phii di mrdc kinh ti - xi hpi mpt bude, nhung din thye te khdng dupe nhu vay; nim nfta nudc ta "ve CO bin li nudc cdng nghifip" thi mi ehi cd khoing 30% lyc lupmg lao dpng dupe qua dio tao - Mit can dii gifta co cau dao tao va ed cau lao dpng, co cau kinh tfi (hing nim so sinh vifin vio hpc cic nginh nong - lim - ngu nghifip rat it, nhiiu nim chi dudi 10% tong sd sinh vifin nhap hpc; nganh co khitinhhinh 62 So 838 (thing nam 2012) cdn xiu hon; nhiiu trudng, nhat li cic trudng din l$p,tirthye di xd dio tao cic nginh "thdi thupng", nhu quin trj, kinh doanh, ngoai ngft, tin hpc, ); gifla dio tao vi su dyng khdng in khdp Tdm lai, dio tao khong dip ung yeu ciu cua thj budng lao ddng di ndi Ifin sy bat cip ci vi chit lupng vi so lupngttxmgphit ttiin giio dye cita chung ta - Trong ndi bi nginh, hoat dpng day vi hpc mit cln dii gifla yfiu ciu giio dye toin diin vi diiu kifin, nhit li ddi ngii nhi giio, gifl'a phit ttiin the chit vi phit triin tinh thin, gida ly thuyit vi thye hinh, gifta day kiin thuc vi day k^ ning sing, gifta hpc vin vi ning lye hoat ddng, gifta hieu biit vi vin hda ung xijt Vin di quan ttpng nhit li giio dye ngudi, lim ngudi dang dupe ci xi hdi rit bin khoin, lo ling Thich thdc Qua mat cin ddi (miu thuan) vira nfiu ed thi kfi nhiiu thich thuc doi vdi sy nghi^ giio dye vi dio tao hifin nay: - Quan diim hr tudng coi giio dye {gdm ci dio tao) la quoc sich hing diu Ding ta nfiu thdi ddi mdi dupe nhin din ca nude, nhit li eic nhi giio vi nhi khoa h^c, nhifit lifit hudng ung, rit phil hpp vdi xu thi cua didi dai Rat tiic, nhu Kit juin ciia Bp chmh trj kiida X (thing 4-2008) di chi ra, nhung cic cip ti Trung uong din eo sd khdng noi nio thye hifin tot Diy li mpt taxing nhftng nguyfin nhin chinh ciia tinh trang giio dye hipn nm - Din ta cd ttuyin thing rit tit dpp li hieu hpc, nhung dfin phin ldn cic bac phy huynh (kfio theo ci xi hpi) van mang ning tim ly bing mpi gii dfi em minh cd dupe minh bing, nhat^ la bing dai hpc mi khong quan tim tdi chit lupng va cdng dyng cho cupc song Vdi tam ly nhu vay ttong xi hpi, till nganh giio dye kho xoay chuyen dupe tinh the Them vio dd, luc niy luc khic, noi niy noi lai co chinh sich rifingttongtuyin dyng da gdp phin cung ci vi tang cudng tam ly sai Ifich do, lim cho tinh hinh them roi ren - Quin ly nhi nudc vi giio due vi dio tao ttong nhihig nim qua di ed nhifiu ci ging cii riin, nhung cuoi cung vin li chay theottifitly "til chuong, khoa cu, quan trudng" (ndi gpn Nghifin ciiu - Trao doi Id chu yeu dgy chd d^ di thi), khdng nghifin cdu k)^ nfin moi ndm mpt kieu thi, dd logi tiii, trudc sau van vdng xody ciia "bpnh thdnh tich"; mpt thdi gian ngdn md gt nhifiu trudng dgi hpc, cao ddng, It tinh d^n difiu kipn day - hpc vd myc tieu phyc vy phdt trifin kinh tfi - xd hpi; khdi phyc mdi mdi dupe ngdnh dgy nghfi, khdng to chdc.phdn luong hpc sinh sau phd thdng co sd vd thdng trung hpc, nhu Nghj quyfit Trung uong khda VIIl cua Ddng (ndm 1996) da di ra, tit ca dfiu nhdm Ifin phd thdng trung hpc d^ chgy tiieo tdm bdng dgi hpc Thfim vdo dd, mpt so trudng, trung tdm, co sd dgi hpc Ipi dyng tdm 1;^ ndi trfin, tim mpi cdch md va vdn hdnh nhd trudng, gpi la theo co che thj trudng, nhung thye chat Id tiiuong mgi hda gido dye, chgy theo "chi tifiu", chi chgy tiieo Ipi nhugn ma khdng quan tdm den chdt lupng ddo tgo - Mpt thdch thuc ddng kfi Id chuong trinh, sdch gido khoa bgc thong sua di sda lai vdn "viia thua, vua thifiu": thiia nhirng Xn thuc khdng cdn thiet, thieu npi dimg co ban day va hpc thdnh ngudi, day cho cd nghfi, ky nang sdng, ndi chung van quy dgo cua tam ly "thi cd, bdng cdp" - Mpt thdch thuc ldn idiit Id van dfi dpi ngu nha gido, nhifiu noi chay theo "chudn" mdt each hinh thuc, khong it noi "hdnh chinh hda" viec Ifin ldp Nha nude dd cd mdt sd chinh sach ve chfi dp phy cip, ddng vifin cdc thay cd gido, nhung ddi sdng cua nhifiu gido vien, nhdt la d vung sdu, viing xa vdn cdn nhifiu khd khdn, nhdt la ttong tuong quan vfi tiiu nhgp vdi mpt sd nganh nghfi khde gdy nhifiu uu tu bat binh tu chinh nhimg tiidy cd gido Nfiu khdng tung bude giai quyfit dupe cac mit cdn ddi (mdu thudn) vd vupt qua dupe cac thach thdc vua nfiu chung ta sfi khd thuc hifin dupe "ddi mdi cdn ban vd todn dipn nen giao dye nudc nhd" D6i mdi can bdn vd toan difn nen gido due Ndi "ddi mdi" chung ta dfiu rd, cdn "can bdn", theo danh dinh nghia, la tan gdc re, "toan dien" cung de hifiu: mpi mat "Ddi mdi can ban va todn difin nfin giao dye" dd la Tap