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DaijvnHpC 804 2013 DIEN DAN DAY VA HOC » ^ y ? Ddi mofi kiem tra, danh gia theo huofng tiep can nang lire hgc sinh va muc tieu day lam ngu''''cri ThS HO SY ANH Vign Nghien cQu Giao dye, TrUdng DHSP TP HC[.]
DaijvnHpC 804-2013 DIEN DAN DAY VA HOC ».^ .y? Ddi mofi kiem tra, danh gia theo huofng tiep can nang lire hgc sinh va muc tieu day lam ngu'cri ThS HO SY ANH Vign Nghien cQu Giao dye, TrUdng DHSP TP HCM T M TAT Kilm tra, danh gid vd x I p logi hpe smh (HS) la nhQng khdu rat quan trgng irong qud irinh dgy hpe vd gido dye CQng vdi vigc ddi mdi ehuong trinh, sach gido khoa, phudng phap (PP) dgy hgc, Bp GD&DT dd cd nhiiu gidi phdp nham cdi lien khau kilm tra (KT), danh gia (DG), budc dau da cd chuyin biln tfch eye, song ket qud dgt duge van edn hgn c h l , ehua tgo mpt budc ddt phd mdi de thdc day mgnh me ddi mdi PP dgy vd hpe, chua hudng den nSng lyc HS Trong bdi viel ndy, ehung ldi xin de cdp d i n mdt sd v i n d i v i ly ludn vd thyc tien v i kiem tra ddnh gia d tren the gidi vd Vigt Nam, d i xult mdt sd gidi phdp d l ndng cao hldu qud kilm tra, ddnh gid (KTDG) va xep logi hgc smh ABSTRACT Testing, evaluation and classifiegtion of students are very important in the process of teaching and educating students Along with innovative programs, textbooks, teaching methods, the Ministry of Education and Trainning has had many solutions to improve the process of testing, evaluation and these solutions initially had a positive change However, results are slill limited The process hasn't yet made a breakthrough to promote teaching and learning methods effectively, and hasn't yel paid intense attention to ability of students In this arliele, we mention some theoretical and practical researches into examination and assessment in the world and Vietnam, suggest some solutions lo improve the e(ficiency of examination, assessment and classification of students ) Kigm tra, ddnh gid cua gido dgc lh§' gidi Trdn I h l gidl Id giQa th§p mdn 1980 da no mgt cupe edeh mgng thyc sy ve KTDG vdi nhQng thay dd'i cdn ban v i ed trill ly, quan dilm, phUOng phdp vd cdc hogl ddng cy the, NhQng thay d l i trdn i h l hidn quan diem mdi gido dye, dd Id col ngudi hge {iearnei) vd qua trinh hpe tdp (learning) Id trung tdm ctia todn bd hogl ddng gido dye 1.1 Nghldn cdu v l ly lugn CQng vdi sy phdt triln ctia khoa hgc gido dye, khoa hpe v i KTDG cQng duge d l i mdl, phdt triln va xud't hign mdt so khdi nidm mdi Ba ddc trung quan trqng cua xu hudng mdi v i KTDG Id: DG phdt triln, DG thye lien vd DG sang tgo (2) 1.1.1 Dinh gii phit triin {Fomative Assessment) Id mdl thudt ngQ duge d l edp nhiiu cdc cdng trinh nghien cQu v l xu hudng KTDG mdi, dupe dung vdi nghTa DG qud irinh trude ddy d l chl cdc hogt ddng KTDG dupe Ihyc hidn qua trinh dgy-hpc, phdn bi|t vdi KTGD tgi nhQng thdi dilm khde nhy KTDG chit lugng ddu vdo (PreTesfi hodc KTDG sau kit thuc mdl qud trinh dgy-hpc dd Id DG tdng kit (SummativB Assessmenti [2] DG qua trinh: Theo Wikipedia, DG qua trinh Id mgt logt cac quy trinh DG chlnh IhUc vd khdng chinh IhQe dupe thyc hien bdi nhieu GV qud trinh hgc tdp, ren luygn cua ngudi hgc, de Ihay ddi hogt dpng dgy-hge nhdm cai thi$n thdnh Itch dgt dupc cua hpe Nd lien quan den ihdng tin phdn hdi v i chat lupng hpe tgp, ren luygn cua HS eho ca GV vd HS Mdl quan tam ctia DG qud trinh la hi^u qua eua hogt dpng giang dgy qud Irinh phal trien nang lyc cua ngudi hpe chU khdng chdng mmh HS dgi duge mgl mQe tieh nao dd, Cdc nhd khoa hge gido dye da khang djnh DG qud trinh cd gid In phdn hoi (Feedback) rat cao DG qua trinh cd nguyen tie phdn hdi tdt dd la: (1) Lam rd nhQng gi cd hi^u qua tdt (mye lieu, lieu ehuan hidn tgi va dy kiln), (2) Tgo dieu kign cho phat Irien ty DG hpe tgp; (3) Cung cdp thdng tin chat lupng eao eho HS v i hpe tgp vd ren luygn eua hp, (4) Khuyin khieh GV vd HS ddi thogi binh ddng xung quanh vi$e hpe Idp; (5) Khuyin khich tfch eye thuc day niem lin vd Idng ly trgng eua HS; (6)Cung cap co hgi d l thu hgp khodng edeh giQa hldu qud hi$n tgi vd mong mudn; (7) Cung cap thdng Itn hinh miu gido dye mdl d i GV sQ dyng 20 Dmfy^Wc tac ctia HS ndy vdi HS khde, giQa G V vdi HS vd c6 cS cha DG ting kit\k thyc hign chQe ndng DG de phyc vy cdng mg vd cdng ddng tdc qudn ly, Mye ligu eiia DG tdng kit Id mQe dd thdnh tfch 1.2 Kiem tra, danh gia ap dyng thtfc tiin cCia dgt duge etia HS vd thdng qua dd DG thdnh tfch c&a GV vd gido dgc the gidi cua nhd InJdng, sau mdl qud Irinh dgy - hge, DG ndy khdng quan tam din HS dgt dugc thdnh tieh dd nhU the nao, md chi Ve KTDG, mgt sd nUde khdng ehl dgt dUpc nhOfng thdnh quan tdm den diem sd ctia tQng HS, hoac diem tmng binh tyu mdi ve ly luan ma da cdng vi^e trien khai doi eiia HS mdl Idp, mgt trudng, mdt vung, de d l ddng so mdi ITnh vyc ndy d cdc trudng hpe sdnh HS vdi HS khac, trudng vdi trudng khac, suy 1.2.1 Danh gid ky ndng eO bdn vd ndng lyc cd nhdn rdng rg vung vdi vQng khac, Vi^e KTDG hgc sinh hodn todn giao cho GV vd HS chii 1.1.2 Danh gia thtfc tien {Authentic Assessment) bao gdm dpng, PP danh gid da dgng, sang tgo vd linh hogt Ben cgnh mpi hinh thQo vd PP KTDG dupe dupc thQc hign vdi myc di'eh dd, hp da tgo mgt sd chuong trinh, mpl so cdng cy KTDG rat hQu hieu, nhQ: nghien cQu v i xu t h i Todn hgc vd kiem tra cae nang lye can cd cudc sdng hang va Khoa hgc quoc te (Trends in Internatidnat Mathematics and dupe thyc hien bdi canh thyc te, Cach DG ndy nhan Scientics - TIMSS): nghien cQu v i sy tiln bp v i ndng lye dgc mgnh mdi lien he chgt che giQa yeu cau eiia DG vdi thyc le hieu qudete {Program in International Reading Listeracy Strudy cudc sdng DG khde vdi DG Iruyen thdng (Traditional Assessment) chi dya vdo DG tren giay thdng qua bai viel ly - PIRLS); cude thi vd danh gid qude t i ddi vdi trUdng hpe {International Competitions and Assessments for Schools • ludn, cau hgc Irdc nghiem ngan va trac nghiem khdeh quan.[2] 1.1.3 DG sing tgo (Allernalive Assessment): DG sdng Igo ICAS): ehuong trinh ddnh gid ddi vdi hgc sinh qude te (Rragram for International Student Assessment -PISA), d day, hay DG thay ihe, nd Irai ngugc vdi each DG iruyin thdng Nd ohQng Idi xm gidi thigu ICAS vd PISA gan vdi ede khai nigm DG thyc liln, DG tfch hpp, DG loan -I- ICAS dupe trien khai bdi UNSW Global Pty Limited dien DG sdng tgo nhan mgnh sy mdi me, da dgng vd sdng UNSW Global Id mdt to chde phi Ipi nhuan, cung cap djch vy lao cua nhQng each IhUc KTDG Trong md hinh nay, HS, GV vd cd cd phy huynh, chpn mdt sd mang hogt ddng, nhdng giao dye, ddo lao vd dich vy IQ van thupc trudng Dgi hgc New South Wales (Australia) ICAS dUpe sQ dyng hdn 60 quic thdnh tich hay diem kiem tra mdn hgc, ky nang viet, ndi etia HS qua cdc ndm, de chQng minh rang viec hpe dupe eai thien gia tren the gidi, eung cap eac bdi kiem tra danh gid hdng nam cho cdc mdn Todn, Khoa hge, Tiing Anh, Vilt vd kJ qua trinh nhieu nam lien lye Mdl sd dae diem cua mdl DG sdng tgo Id nhan mgnh chdng cQ qua trinh hge lap nhu la nang may linh, eung cap thdng tin ehi tiet v i mdi hgc sinh, idp va trudng tham gia [5] Thdng lin ndy giup eho GV, cdn mdl minh chQng lich eye cua kien ##thQc vd ky nang DG bd quan ly trQdng biit dQde sy tiin bd ctia HS, so sdnh vdi sang tgo khuyen khich sy tham gia eua HS DG thdnh cdc trudng dja phUdng vd ca nude lich vd khd nang dgt duge cua chinh HS vdi nhau, ed sy tuong B A N G 2: SO SANH KET QUA CAC M N TOAN CUA JEENY BLACK V(3l TRL/6NG VA BANG Cao nhat TB Bang TB Truffng TBtat caHS TB cua JENNY BLACK Tong diem so (Total Score) 40 23.8 24.9 24.9 28 S6 va So hoc(Number & Arithmetic) 6.2 6.8 6.8 Dai so&Mo hinli (Algebra & Patterns) 10 5.1 5.1 Do Iirong & Dan vj (Measures& Units) 6.2 6.7 6.7 Hinii hoc khong gian (Space& Geometry) 3.6 3.5 3.5 Xac suSt & DCr lieu (Chance & Data) 2.8 2.7 2.7 (Ngudn Website; www.eaa.unsw.edu.au) DHUvoHpC 504-2013 + PISA Id mdt h$ thing ddnh gid qude t l t§p trung vdo khd ndng dgc, 1^ ndng Todn vd khoa hge ciia hgc sinh PISA ChQ trpng ede ky ndng cQa hgc sinh IQa l u l l 15 PISA duge thye hifen bdi To chQc Hpp tde Kmh te vd Phdt trien (OECD) Bit ddu vdo ndm 2000, PISA duge thyc hien ddnh gid ndm mdt lln M&i dgt bao g I m cdc ddnh gia cQa ea ba phan, nhUng chl cd mgt phin dugc ddnh gia sau PISA da duge Vidt Nam ehgn tham gia ddnh gia qude t i eho hge sinh phd thdng IQa tuoi 15 vdo ndm 2012 [5] Trong chuong trinh DG ndy, d i thi ehQ trgng d i n cac tinh hudng phdt sinh thyc tiln, lien quan d i n kiln thdc d thdng da hgc PISA gitip cho cdc quic gia tham gia ed eo hdi nhin nhdn mdt each kha todn dign v l nhQng "ky nang cd bdn", "nang lye cd nhan" md hpe sinh qude gia hp dgt duge de tU dd dua chlnh sdeh mdi nham phdt trien gido dye mgt cdch ben vQng [4] Nhu Y gidi thieh kiem tra Id xem xdt thyc chat, thye t i Theo BQU K i kilm tra Id tra xel, xem xel, KT Id sodt xet Igi edng vide, KT Id xem xet tinh hinh thyc le d l DG, nhdn xdt Cdn theo Tran Bd Hodnh, kilm tra Id cung cap nhdng dQ kidn, nhQng thdng lin iam eP sd eho viec DG Mdt so nhd khoa hge giao dye eho rang- KT vdi nghTa Id nham thu thap sd lieu, ohQng cQ, xem xet, soat xel lai edng vide IhQc te de DG vd nhgn xet - Danh gia (Evaluation) Id qua trinh hinh thdnh nhQng nhdn dinh, phdn dodn ve ket qua cdng viec dya vdo sy phan tich nhQng thdng tin Ihu dugc, dd'i chieu vdi nhQng myc lieu, lieu chuan de ra, nham de xuat nhQng quyel dinh Ihfch hpp de cai Ihien thyc trgng, dieu chfnh ndng cao chat lugng va higu qua cdng viec Theo Dgi IQ dien Tieng Viet cua Nguyin NhQ V, OG Id nhgn xet binh pham v l gid In., 1.2.2 Ddnh gid v i dgo dQc va sy tiin bd etia hpe sinh - DG gido dye, theo DUdng Thieu Tdng Id qua Vide ddnh gia v i dgo dUc eda HS cung dupe nhd trudng trinh thu Ihap va xQ ly kip thdi, ed he thdng Ihdng tin v i hien rat ehu y, nhd trudng dUa tidu chi rd rdng vd GV nhan xel trgng vd higu qua giao dye, can cQvdo myc lieu day hpe, Idm HS tren nhQng tidu chf dd Oieu ndy khdng chfcd tdc dyng hd CO sd cho nhdng chu truong, bien phap vd hdnh dpng trg glQp dd HS liin bd md sy phdi hpp glQa GV va gia dinh tdi giao dye tiep theo, Cung ed the ndi rang, DG la qua Irinh Ihu hon vigc giao dye HS ddy, tdi xin neu cdch nhdn xet, thap phan tieh vd gidi thich thdng tin mdt each he thdng ddnh gid v l HS mdt trudng Canada, Sau moi hpe ky (1 nham xae djnh mQc dp dat den etia cdc mye lieu giao dye v i ndm hpe ed hpe ky), cha mg hge sinh deu nhgn dupe ban phfa HS DG cd the Ihyc hidn bdng PP dinh lupng hay dinh nhdn xdl vdi ndi dung chti y i u sau: (1) Ky nang lam vide dfe Ifnh [1] Idp; (2) Ndng lye sdng tgo; (3) MQe dg hodn thdnh cdc bdi • CUiy djnh cua Lugt Giao dye: Trong hg thdng gido dye tdp; (4) Ndng lyc sQ dyng cdng nghd thdng im; (5) Kha nang Vipl Nam, KTDG dupe quy djnh Ihyc hr^n qua trinh hpp ldc vdi nhQng ngudi xung quanh;(6) Khd nang gidi quyit gido dye vd kel thQc mdl qua trinh giao due Khodn 1, dieu nhQng xung ddt cua cd nhdn; (7) MQe dp Iham gia cdc hogl cua Luat Giao dye nam 2005, ve chuong trinh giao dye, neu ddng t$p I h l cQa Idp; (8) Khd ndng gidi quyel van de;(9) Khd rd: "ChQOng trinh giao dye ihe hidn myc tieu gido dye; quy ndng biel ddi myc tieu de hodn thien tuong lai; Tat cd dinh ehuan kiin IhQe, ky nang phgm vi va eau true npi dung cdc myc trdn, gido vien chu nhigm deu nhgn xel diem manh, gi^o dye, PP va hinh thQc to chQc hogt ddng giao dye, each diim tdt cua HS da dgt dupe qua trinh hpe tap, ren thdc danh gia kit qua giio dgc doi vdi eac mdn hge d mil Idp, luydn d IrUdng, vd IQng ndi dung nhdn xel, neu hpe sinh moi cap hge hoac trinh dg dio tgo" [3] cd hgn ehl, cd dilm y i u , GV cd nhdn xel di kem de HS rut 2.2 Trien khai thyc tien kinh nghidm, Thye hien Ludl Gido dye, qud trinh xdy dyng khung chQPng trinh vd chQPng trinh phd thdng, Bd GD&DT da chu trpng 1.2,3 Sy phdi hpp giua phy huynh vd nhd trudng d i n edeh thdc KTDG hge sinh De ddi mdi KTDG hpe sinh gido dye HS thdng, nhQng nam gan day, Bd GD&DT da ban Vide hgp phy huynh d i u nam thyc sy ed y nghTa, GVCN hanh nhieu quyet dinh, thong tu quy dinh ve DG xep logi hpe gidl thigu rd't ky chuong trinh hpe t^p nam, myc lieu sinh Chung ldi xin neu mdl sd van ban quan trpngcull ndm, cdch trao ddi giQa bd mg va GV, each cham diem Thong lU32/2009yTT-BGDDT{TT 32): Vi^c Ihay ddi cdch blng nhdn xdl 0-Oulstanding, G-Good, S-Salisfied N- Need Improvement (xult sdc, khd, dgt vd can ed gang), TU Idp Ird DG kit qua hgc lap vd giao dye d tieu hpe dupc thyc hign song hanh vdi viec thyc hien CT, SGK mdi tieu hpe, Tuy dl, O vd G rd't hgn ehi, vl sp HS vd bd mg dua "chgy nhien, chi d i n TT 32 ban hanh vdo thang 10/2009 thi vide ddi theo dilm" nhd, cdc em chf cdn ldm bai tap khdng qud 30 mdi DG mdi dUpc hoan thien, the hien iriel ly, quan diem rat phdt, sau dd, cdc em di ngodi choi cdng vien, dgp xe„ rieng cua cap hgc Mdl Irong nhQng nguyen tac DG xip Nhd trudng khuyin khich HS phdi blit ty idp IQ nhd, logi da dQpc neu TT 32, dd la dam bdo cdng khai, cdng Trdn tudng phdng hpe Id ndi quy ctia Idp, ehinh HS viel ra, bdng, khach quan, ehlnh xde vd loan dign DG Vi^e DG ChQng ty nghT ludt Id cdch phgt va ky ten d dudi, Ldi the vdi HS tieu hgc lay ddng vien khuyin khich sy liln bd eua danh dy ndy dugc treo d Idp d i n cuoi ndm hge vd ldi t h i ed cdc em Id chfnh, khdng gay dp iQc cho ca GV vd HS, dam t h i khde d mdi Idp [9] bdo Igi ich chinh dang ciia HS Sy kit hgp DG djnh lugng (diem so) vd DG dmh tinh (nhdn xet) kit hpp DG cua GV vdi II Kig^m tra, danh gia Irong h6 the'ng Giao due ty DG cua HS, kit hpp DG IhUdng xuyen vdi DG dinh ky Vi§t Nam ^ , nham mang Igi kit qua DG day du, loan di$n, the hign linh Trong bdi ednh vda triln khai xdy dyng nln giao dye mOi nhdn van cua gido dye lieu hge Diem mdi cua TT 32 la coi cQa Vidt Nam, vQa phdi tiin hdnh cdc cude khdng chiin gidi trpng DG eudi nam hgc, vi d$c diem kiin thUe va k? nang d phdng vd bdo v$ t l qude Khoa hge gido dye ndi ehung va lieu hpe c l u true theo dUdng thing nen bdi KT cudi nam hpe khoa hpe v l KTDG chQa bit kjp vdi t h i gidi Tuy nhidn, Irong Id diiu kidn can vd dQ d l DG kha ndng ndm vQng kiln thQc vd nhQng ndm gin ddy KTDG da dupc ehQ trgng nghidn cQu vd kT ndng cda HS d moi Idp, cd nhQng cdi tiln v l co sd Iii ludn vd thyc tiln - Quylt djnh s6; 40/2006/OD-8GDDT 05/10/2006: 2.1 CO sd ly lu$n - Kilm tra (Testing), Dgi tQdiln Tieng Vl$l, Nguyin 22, 304-2013 Dgi/i^jHiy song thyc tien nhung khd xac djnh dugc vdi cdch KTDG tnjyin Sau mdt so ndm thay doi, den nam 2006, 8$ Giao dye vd Dao tgo ban hdnh Quyet dmh 40/2006/QD-BGD&DT ve ddnh thong nhu tren Mdt sdPPnhUiHSty ddnh gid, DG theody dn, phdng van, gidi todn tgp the, Igp Irlnh t$p the,_hi$n gia, xIp logi hpe sinh THCS, THPT Theo quylt djnh nay, chf dp dyng mdt vai ky thi Mdt nhQng diem ylu kdm danh gid, xep logi HS cd ITnh vyc: - DG hgnh kiem (HK) eua hpe sinh phai can eU vdo bieu nhat ciia he thdng giao dye nUde ta la ddnh gia cdc logi ndng luc oQa ngudi hpe TQ may chyc nam nay, quan nidm, hilu hien cy I h l v i thai dd va hanh vi dgo dQc; Qng xQ mdi biet, each lam ddnh gia cda cdn bd quan ly gido dye eOng nhu quan he vdi thay giao, cd gido, vdi ban be va quan he xa hpi; eua cdc giao vien ft thay doi, edn thien v l kinh nghigm [Tran y IhQc phan dau vuon len hoc lap, kit qua tham gia lao Kieu, 2010]^ dpng, hoai ddng lap Ihe cua Idp, cQa trudng va hogt dgng xa hpi; ren luyen thdn the, glQ gin ve sinh vd bao ve mdi trudng 3.2 Kiem tra danh gia chu trgng myc tieu dgy chQ HK dupc xip thdnh loai: Tdt, Kha, Trung binh, Y l u sau Viec KTDG hien eac nhd trydng phd thdng dya kit thuc hpe ky, nam hgc vdo myc lieu, ma mye lieu chQ yeu Id ket qud eac k^ thi - DG, xep loai hge lUcr Cdn oQ DG hpe lye cua hpe smh Id nhU' thi hpe ky, thi tdt nghiep, luyen sinh, hgc sinh gidi Vi vay, viee nang lyc hpe sinh ehQ yeu dya vao diem sd hodn Ihanh chuong Irinh cac mdn hpe Ke hogch gido cac bai thi, neu diem binh qudn cac mdn thi cua mgt IrUdng due cua cap THCS, THPT, kit qua dgt dupe cua eac bdi KT eao Ihl danh gia Irydng dd cd chat lugng cao, Hgc lyc dupc xep thdnh loai Gidi, Khd, Trung binh, Yeu va nhQng lieu chi nhu sQc khde, ky ndng, ly' tudng eda HS Igi Kem Hinh IhQc KTDG, KT IhQdng xuyen, gdm KT mieng, bj bd qua Vi quan niem nhu tren, nen mpi hogl ddng cDa KT viet hodc thyc hdnh 15 phut Vd KT djnh ky gdm: kiem nha irudng dat trpng tam vdo eac ky thi, nhQng hogt dpng tra vilt tQ tiel trd len, KT hge ky khac nham ren luygn dgo dQc, ndng cao sQc khde, ndng + Hinh thdc DG: KT vd cho diem cac bdi KT, linh diem cao ky nang sdng bi xem nhg trung binh mdn hge vd tinh diem trung binh cac mdn hge sau mdl hpe ky, mdt nam hgc, Viec Danh gid chat lupng giao due loan dien doi vdi HS dugc Ihye hien sau mdi hpe ky, mdi nam hpe nham thuc day hpe sinh ren luydn, hgc tap de khdng ngUng lien bd Can cU danh gid, xep logi hgnh kiem vd hgc lyc cua HS dupc dya tren co sd; mye lieu giao dye cua cap hgc, chuong trinh, ke hoach gido dye eua cap hgc, dieu Id nha IrQdng, kit qua ren luyen vd hgc lap ctia HS, [6] - Nam 2011, Bd GD&DT ban hdnh Quyet dinh Sd 58/ 2011/TT-BGDDT ve ban hanh Quy che danh gid, xep logi hgc sinh THCS, THPT Theo dd, eac mdn The dye Am nhgc, My thual khdng linh diem, ma thyc hien nhan xet vdi bdc: Dal va Chua dgt, ddng thdi xda bd hg sd Ifnh diem trung binh cdc mdn cudi hpe ky, cudi nam - Trong hp thdng Gido dye Viet Nam, ngoai KTDG d cap trudng cdn cd cac ky thi d cap tinh vd cap qud'c gia nhU Thi HSG cap linh va qude gia, thi luyen sinh THPT cap linh, thi lot nghiep THPT vd luyen sinh DH,CD cap qud'c gia Kit qua eac ky thi nay, phan anh khd chfnh xde chal lupng giao dye cua mpl irudng, mdl dia phuong III Mm s6' van a$ l6n tai ki^m tra, danh gia tiQc sinh ph^ thfing Mac du Bd GD&DT da cd nhQng eai lien, doi mdi v i KTDG, song, din thyc trang cdng tde KTDG vdn bpc Id nhieu yeu kem ve phuang phap, cdch thQc cQng nhQ quan ly, chi dgo 3.1 PhUOng phap KTDG ngheo nan vd thieu tfnh thyc tien va sdng tgo Thyc lien d cac Irudng hpe cho ihay PP KTDG v i n chii yeu la lam bai KT Iren giay, vdi hai hinh Ihdc trde nghiem ly lugn vd trie nghiem khach quan, Ca hinh thdc ndy ehu yeu Id ChQng mmh HS nam vdng kien IhQc de giai mgt sd bdi lap hogc giai ihich mot sd hign tupng ty nhien va xd hgi lien quan din nhQng kien thQc HS hgc d sdeh gido khoa Ky ndng ma HS dgt dupe chu yeu Id ky nang Irinh bay, dien dgi, lap ludn logic, ky nang giai giai bdi tap, Id nhQng ky nang lien quan den ly thuylt, han lam [2] NhQng ky ndng nhQ trinh bdy mpt van d i IrQdc dam ddng, xQ ly tinh hudng, ky nang hpp lae, dgc Igp sdng Igo, ky nang xQ ly thdng tin., rat can cupe Viee chQ trgng vdo k i t qua thi da d i n den nhiiu hg lyy: Thd nhal, dgy them hgc them Iran lan Bp GD&DT da giam tai chUPng Irinh, nhung cdng giam tdi thi vi^c dgy them, hpe them cang tang vdi nhiiu hinh thdc bien tudng nhU"Bdi dudng van hda ngoai gid", bd IQc kien IhQe eho hpe sinh.- Thd hai, HS chi chu trgng hge mdt sd mdn d l thi lot nghidp hodc thi dgi hpe Chung tdi dd tim hieu mdt sd trudng THCS to ehUc bdi dUdng van hda ngoai gid, nha irudng cho bill chl dgy dugc cac mdn Toan, Ly, Hda, Van va Tieng Anh, cdn cac mdn khac khdng cd HS Thd ba HS coi thudng cae mfln xa hdi, ma nhQng mdn hpe xd hdi Id nhQng mdn hpe co gid tri viee bdi ddp tam hon Irong sang vd nhdn cdch toi dep cho cac em Thd tU ndo thi mdi hge, HS tap Irung cao dd cho cac ky thi, thi xong Id bd Id quen Ve DG dgo difc va nhdn cdch cua HS chua thyc su chu trgng vd chua cd PP phu hgp, da sd HS dupe xep hgnh kilm khd vd lot, Du luan hit sQe bQc xQc, thdi gian gan ddy, t^i phgm xa hdi ed xu hudng tre hda, cd em phgm tpi giii ngucli d ludl vj thdnh nien, ed dang edn ngdi tren ghe nhd trUdng, DienhinhlavydnLe Van Luygn d Bdc Giang, theo phdn lich eua mdl sd nhd giao dye, mdt phan ldi Id nhd trudng bat lyc Irong viec giup dd em hpe tap tien bp vd ren luy§n tdt Dieu quan trpng md cdc tham phan cho rang: can gido dgc | Idng nhdn di, le sdng lam ngudi eho HS, tQ cap lieu hgc, day, chung ta cdng tham thia hon eau ndi mang trill ly nhdn van sau sac cua Chu t!Ch Hd Chi Minh: "Hien ddpt^ dau la tinh sin, phan nhieu giio dgc mi neri' Chinh vi v$y ma mpi hogt dpng gido dye, Irong dd cd KTDG can hufing den mye lieu dgy ldm ngudi, 3.3 KTDG mang tfnh dp dgt khong linh hogt, glim khd nang sdng tgo cua HS Hinh IhQc Idm bdi cQgHS ehu yeu Idm tren giay hodc Idm bdi thi nghiem ddi vdi cdc mdn khoa hge Cdch thQc KT ndy HS thQdng bj dp dgt, vl khdng dQpe lya chgn vd chii dpng bai kilm tra, trd Idi phdi dung ddp an mdi diem cao, khde ddp dn (cd Id sdng tgo) nhung khdng dgt, diem thip Vdi NhQng hinh IhQc KT mang tinh dde Idp, sdng tgo cua hpe sinh nhu hinh IhQc tim hilu thyc l i (theo dQ dn) rli lam bdo cao, hinh IhQe ndy rll khd thyc hi§n vl GV cQng chUa bi^t DmfvaHpC 864-2013 nhHu Theo GS NguySn Ldn Dung, dng cd ngudi chdu hpe Idp 11 Hoa Ky, KTDG hgc vdn cCia HS, gido vidn ydu d u hgc sinh thdnh l$p nhdm d l phdn tteh ndi dung, ngh$ thudt cita tdc phim Chl^n tranh vd H6a binh cQa Lev Tolstoy va cudi cung l$p dy dn HS t l chQc chuyin tham quan Bdo tdng Lev Tolstoy Nga Sau chuyin di ndy, HS phdi vilt thu hogch, Vdi edeh KTDG ndy, HS cd quyin ly ldm bdi theo hilu bill cua minh, HS cd I h l trao doi, lUdng lae vdi nhau, tim hilu nhilu kiln thQc IQ thyc t l vdn dyng nhilu kien thQc cQa nhieu mdn hgc khde 3.4 Gido vl§n va hgc sinh chUa thyc sQ chCi dgng KTDG Mdl tdn tgi khd thay ddi hg thdng gido dye Vigt Nam Id cdc ed quan qudn ly cip tren la ngudi quyel dinh cdc hinh IhQc KTDG Bd chf dgo Sd, Sd ehi dgo trudng , nhat nhat phdi thye hidn nghiem IQc eac quy dinh, mgt sd quy djnh khdng hgp ly nhU quy djnh v i ty Ig diem tren trung binh, nlu ehua dgt phdi Ihi Igi mdi ghi vdo sd diem Gan day, nhiiu dja phuong t l chdc kilm tra hpe k^ theo d l chung cua phdng, cQa Sd, ddi vdi mdn vdn hda: Todn, Ly Hda, Sinh, Vdn, SQ, Dja, Ngogi ngQ Oleu ndy, vd hinh chung, gido vien 23 cdc tnidng khdng dugc d l hgc ky, gidm ndng lyc d i etia GV, ddng thdi de thi phal chd y den cac trudng vdng sdu, vdng xa ndn cac tardng cd chat lugng eao lai khdng phu hgp IV So sanh kiem tra, danh gia theo hirdng n6i dung v^ hifdng tig'p c|n nin li/c hpe sinh Theo TS Vu Dinh Chuan, Vy tn;dng vy GDTrH eho rdng, ehuong trinh hien hanh quan tam chQ yeu tdi viee hpe sinh se hpe dupc nhiJng gi Viec xdy dyng chuong trinh nhu vdy dupe ggi la theo hudng tiep can ndi dung ChUdng trinh mdi se duge xdy dyng theo hudng tilp can nang lye, tde la xuat phdl IQ cac nang lye md mdi hgc sinh can ed cudc sdng va k i t qua eudi cung phai dgt eac nang lye ay Theo dd ndi dung, PP dgy hgc, PP kiem tra ddnh gid deu phai hudng tdi nang lyc hgc sinh Qua nghien cQu v i ly luan eung nhu thyc liln trien khai KTDG etia the gidi vd Viet Nam, giQa KTDG theo phUOng phdp truyen ihdng vdi KTDG theo PP mdi ma Bo GD&DT de Irong nhQng nam qua, Chung tdi xin neu mpt sd diem so sdnh giQa KTDG theo hudng tiep can ndi dung vd KTDG theo hudng liep can nang lyc nhu sau: KTDG theo hud'ng tilp can noi dung KTDG theo hirdnng tiep can nang \UQ Cac b^l thi tren giSy dugc thirc hi?n vao cuoi mgt chu de, mgt chuang , mpt hgc ky Nhieu bai kiem tra da dang suot qua trinh hgc tap Vigc lya chgn cau hoi vd tieu chi DG khong dugc neu trudc (c6 tinh chat danh do, yeu cau HS no \tfc toi da de vugt qua k^' kiem tra, ky thi) Vigc lua chgn cau hoi va tieu chi DG dugc neu ro tu trucfc (cdng khai, ro rang, ddi hoi HS phai hieu sau van de, cd sang tao va van dyng sau Nhan mgnh sy cgnh tranh Nhan manh sir hgp tac Quan tam den myc tieu cuoi ciing ciia vigc giang dgy Quan tam den den phuang phap hgc tap, phuang Chu trgng vao san pham Chu trgng vao qua trinh lao san pham, ehu y den y tudng sang tao Tgp trung vao kien thtjc sach va, han lam Tap trung vao nang luc thue te va sang tao Danh gia cac cap quan ly va GV la chu yeu, ty danh gia ciJa HS rat it GV va HS chCi dgng KTDG, khuyen khich ty danh gia ciia HS Danh gia dgo due HS chu trgng den vigc chip hanh ngi quy nha trudng, tham gia phong trao thi dua hgn che sy the hi?n ca tinh cua HS Danh gia dao due cua HS mpt each loan dien, chu trgng den nang luc ca nhan, khuyen khich HS the hien ea tinh va nang luc ban than KTDG hgc sinh chu yeu GV bg mon va GV Nhieu ngucri tham gia KTDG hgc sinh khong chi GVBM, GVCN, GV tu van ma ca phy huynh va cgng dong xa hpi, dac bi?t la tu danh gia lan ciia HS chij nhigm Danh gii chii trgng den kien thuc, ky nSng va thai dg bj xem nhg phap ren luyen ciia HS Danh gia toan dien, cac lieu chi ddt lien quan den kien thuc, ky nang va thai dg KTDG phai gdn vai muc tieu da cong bo tir truoc, tranh tinh trang myc tieu mpt dirang kiem tra mpt neo ioi£ Dmfv^Hpc SO 4-201 V De xuat cac giai phap n3ng cao hieu qua kiem tra danh gia khde, lam hdn va tri tug, v l tinh cdm, nghi nghi§p chQ ThCrnhat, gido dye Viel Nam c i n cd nhQng nghien cQu sdu v i ly ludn v l KTDG va xep loai hgc sinh, hogc ed the nghien cQu mdt sd thdnh tyu v i KTDG gan day ciia t h i gidi vdn dyng mdt each hieu qua vao Viet Nam Trudng DHSP oan phdi gidng dgy ve KTDG cho sinh vien SQ dung nhieu PP danh gia khde (thi viet, van dap, trde nghigm, quan sat, lam thi nghiem, Irinh bay dQ an-.) KTDG Ode Id chuyen tQ danh gia ehu trgng d i n kiln IhQe HS ndm duge sang ddnh gid qua trinh, each IhQe HS nam dugc kien IhQe dd nhu I h l nao, chu trpng den Wy nang cd ban, nang lyc cd nhan Trong KTDG ehu trpng den yeu td, the hien xu hudng gido due hien phal Irien todn dien hoe smh, cd biel hda, ddn chti hda vd thyc dyng hda (n/itf/jg/aen r/iite vi l