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DeyvitF^ s6 6-2016 'f^n; 31 ã!'ô(H ^1 VAN DUNG MO HINH DAY HOC TREN CO SO VAN DE (PBU TRONG DAY HDC MON VAT Ll'OfTRUGfNG PHO THONG NGUYEN THI HONG THOA Khoa Toan - Tin, Trfldng Dgi hpc Hflng Vfldng, Phu Thp I MO D A U Trong qua trinh dgy hpc, boat dgng chinh cua gido viln (GV) lk dilu khien dinh hfldng, to chtfc hogt dfing hpc tgp ctfa hpc sinh (HS), hogt dpng chlnh cfla HS Id tich ctfc, ttf Itfc, chu dgng tim toi tri thtfc Dieu mau ch6t chuyln dgy hpc chfl yeu truyen dgt kiln thflc sang dgy hpc djnh hfldng phat trieu ndng Iflc la phai tao mfii tnidng dgy hpc phfl hpp de hpc sinh ttf hgc va myc tilu cfla hogt dpng dgy hgc khdng phai la dgy nhflng ndi dung kiln thflc gi md td hinh thdnh, phat trien dflpc nhtfng nang Itfc ndo d ngUdi hpc va sau qua trinh hpc tgp [5] Thtfc tl cho thay stf djnh hfldng, td chtfc hogt dpng hpc tgp mpt each phfl hpp cfla GV khdng nhflng Iam cho HS tang thSm tich ctfc, ttf gidc dl xuat vd gidi quylt vln dl ma cdn phdt huy hit khd nang v|n dyng kiln thflc vdn cd cua bdn thin vdo cu$c sdng, biet phan tich, so sanh va rflt ket ludn chinh xdc Nhfl v^y, cd thl ndi tinh tich ctfc nhgn thtfc Id yeu tfi cln thilt qud ttinh hpc tip cfla HS, nd cd vai trd quan trpng vifc tiep tihu Men thtfc, hinh thdnh kl nang, kl xdo, phdt triln tfl duy, nang Itfc sing tgo hpc tip cua HS La mgt mdn hgc mang tinh flng dyng cao, vi thl dgy hpc mdn v4t li tror^ cdc trfldng phd thdng cing phdi tudn thfl nghilm nggt nhflng ylu cau ctfa vifc d6i mdi gido dtfC De cd mpt each nhin khic cdch tilp cln khac, nhim dgt dflpc myc tieu gido dye mpt clch nhanh chdng vd toan difn hdn, vdi hi vpng cd the giflp HS van dyng dflpc cdc kiln thtfc vgt Ii vao ddi sfing thtfc tiln, khpi dly Idng say me vl phdt triln nlng Itfc sang tao Cd thl kl den mfit sd mfi hiiJi dgy hgc tich ctfc dang dflpc quan tim hifn nhfl: Dgy hpc Dfl In (Project Based Learning - PJBL), dgy hpc dtfa trln cd sd Van de (Problem Based Learning - PBL), dgy hgc theo gdc (Working in corners), dgy hpc theo chfl de (Them Based Leariting) Trong dd dgy hpc trln cp sd van dl nhln mgnh vifc giai quylt mfit vln dl thtfc tiln dich thtfc; coi trgng qua trinh hpc tip vi thl chfl trpng vifc ddnh gia qud trinh Dgy hgc trln cd sd van de Idm cho HS tham gia vdo gidi quylt vln de cd thtfc thtfc tiln ddi sdng hin quan din kien thtfc dflpc hgc; qui trinh HS phdi sfl dyi^ kiln thflc mdi, nghia II cflng vdi qua trinh gill quyet van dl la qua trinh linh hfii kiln thflc mdi Quan nifm DH dgt flu tien vio boi dtfdng nlng sii dyng kien thtfc vdo gidi quylt vln dl cua cufic sdng thtfc, hay ndi cdch khac quan dilm dgy hgc ndy quan tim dgc bift tdi vifc vgch chien Iflpc gidi quylt vln dl [3] II N d i DUNG NGHIEN CUTU Ctf sd Ii luan cua vile van di^ng mo hinh day hpc trfn cd sd van de d9.y hpc v^t Ii Thi ndo Id dgy hgc tren cd sd vdn di? Dgy hgc trln co sd vln dl xult hifn diu tiln vao nam 1970 tgi trfldng Dai hpc Hanulton - Canada, sau dd dflpc phdt triln nhanh chdng tgi tnidng Dai hgc Maastticht - Hd Lan Theo mpt s6 tac gia dgy hpc tren cO sd vln dl (PBL) cd thl dflgc hilu nhfl sau: - PBL Id mdt vi du vi mo hinh ngUdi hgc Id trung tdm cda viec hgc vd dgy Bd IdphUdngphdp hgc tdp dUa trin nguyen tdc sU dung cdc vdn di nhU la khdi diim cho viic tiip thu vd tich hdp kiin thUc mdi -H.S Barows • PBL la bdt ki mdi tiiidng hgc tdp ndo md vdn di dgt se diiu khiin qud trinh hgc tdp NhU vdy mot vdn di ndo dd se dUdc giao cho ngUdi hgc tnidc hg dUdc hgc cdc kiin thUc Vdn di ddt cho ngUdi hgc khdm phd rdng hg cdn phdi hgc mgt so kiin thUc ndo dd tnidc hg co the gidi quyit vdn di - Don Woods Tfl cac djnh nghia da tham khdo, PBL cd thl hilu Id mpt cdch tiep c|n nhflng gi dien bdi cdnh cic nhifm vy xdc thflc, cdc vln dl phfl hpp vdi mdi quan tam thl gidi thtfc Cac vin dl thach thflc ngfldi hgc gidi quyet thdng qua cam ket cua chinh hp Qua vifc dgt ngfldi hpc vai trd tich c\lc doi mgt vdi cdc tinh hufing thtfc tl ctfa cupc song de giai quylt vln dl md ngfldi hpc ddng thdi phat trien ki nang giai quylt van de vd thu nhgn cdc kien thtfc [3], Mtfc tiiu ciia dgy hgc trin cdsd vdn £fl'M^?Ngoli nhflng myc tilu chung cua dgy hpc vgt Ii d trfldng thdng md hinh PBL chtf trpng den myc tieu 11 stf phlt trien cfla vifc hgc ttf djnh hfldng va ren ki nang Nd chu ylu giup HS: - Thich nghi va tham gia vao qud trinh thay ddl chinh minh - Vgn dyng kha nang gidi quyet van dl vdo cac tinh huong phdc hpp, cd thtfc ttong thtfc tiln - Phlt triln tfl phe phdn vl sdng tgo, chip nhgn 32 „ S6 6-2016 :i De^KiHpc nhflng quan dilm khde nhau, cpng tdc hifu qua nhdm la "cd", "khfing" hay trd ldi thay HS cic clu hdi ma can chi HS nen tim kiem thdng tin gi, d diu - Nhgn flu, nhflpe dilm cua phfldng phdp hpc, giao ttep cd hieu qui - Kiln thtfc mang tinh lien mon Vln de hpc tap dflara PBL Id nhflng vln dl xult phat tfl thtfc te Khi tiiam gia giai quylt phdi huy dpng tlt cl cdc kiln thflc Hen quao dl vln de, cd thl sfl dung nhflng thong tin cfla nhtfng mon hpc khde dl gili quylt nd, - Dl cao stf ttf hgc, bd sung kiln thtfc cO bdn, - Ren luyfn kha nang ldm vifc nhom, khd nang lanh dgo Dgc trflng cd ban cia md hinh PBL? Ngoai nhflng die trflng ctfa dgy hgc tich ctfc thi md hinh PBL cd mgt sfi dgc trflng co bdn nhfl sau: - Van de la boi canh trung tam cfla hogt dgng day va hgc Van dl 11 ddn vj cau trflc ca ban cfla PBL, ngfldi hpc dfldc tiep cdn vdl vln de d giai dogn dau cfla mpt don vi bai hgc Trong mdn vgt li, tfl nhflng vln dl ldn xuat hien ttong thtfc tien, qua qua trinh tim each gidi quyet van de, HS se din phat hifn nhtfng vln de chi tilt hdn ma vifc giai quyet nhflng vln de chi tilt se tgo cho HS cd hpi de tim hieu, thu thdp dflpc nhflng Hen thflc vat li bin chat, cac nang Iflc cfla hg nhd dd md phat triln hdn - Ngfldi hgc tfl tim tdi de xlc djnh ngudn thdng tin giai quylt vln dl Hogt dpng cfla HS chi yeu la cdc boat dgng nhdm Chinh hg se Id ngfldi I|p danh sach nhflng dieu ma hg da bilt va nhflng dieu chfla bilt lien quan den van de Stf lift kfi gitfp HS gpi lln nhtfng kien thtfc da biet va bdn ludn, phdn tich nhflng dieu chfla biet De gidi quyet nhflng vln di dgt HS phdi di tim cau tra ldi cho cdu hdi "Chung ta cdn biit gif" va tfl "Chung ta cdn phdi ldm gi?" Trong qua trinh HS tim cau trd Idi hg se di theo hfldng nhfl: la ngfldi tim ra? Ngudn thdng tin nao dl tham khao? Nhflng hanh dpng cu the nao dflpc dp dung? - Thao lugn nhdm la hogt dfing cfit ldi Thfing qua boat dpng nhdm ngfldi hgc cd cd hgi chia se, thdo luan ve nhtfng kien thflc, ki nang cd dfldc cua ban than tfl dd thong nhat each hieu vln de vd cdc thilu hut hieu biet, kiln thtfc hifn cfla ttfng ca nhan Tren stf phan tich dd HS se hogt dgng ca nhln dl tim kiem kiln thtfc, ki nang bo sung cho bdn than Nhflng khdng dflng lgi tgi do, nhflng kien thtfc, kl nang, gili phap ca nhan phai dit0c dfla thdo lugn vdi cdc thdnh vien khac nhdm de tfl dd hodn thifn giai phap giai quylt vln dl mpt clch c6 hifu qud nhat, Khdng chl vly, boat dfing nhdm cdn gitfp cho HS phat triln ki nang giao tilp, cd cO hpi the hifn ban than vd bfii dap kha nang lanh dao cho ngfldi phu trach nhdm - Vai tro cua giao viln chi mang tinh hfi trp Nghia la, giao vien chi la ngfldi cung cap tinh hufing cd vln de thtfc tl de thu hit HS tham gia gili quylt vln dl Khi HS dl tham gia vao qua trinh dfi thi GV chi la ngfldi hfldng dan, huln luyfn viln thdng qua nhflng clu hdi, sfl djnh hfldng dl dim bao cho HS di dung hfldng vd cd nhflng stf Ifla chpn hpp li Dilu cfit yeu de ddm bdo hifu qua hoat dgng cua GV la stf djnh hfldng dflpc dfla dflng thdi diem va stf gpi y phdi mang tinh chit md chfl khdng phai - Quan hf vdi mfii trfldng ben ngoai Do xult phat til nhtfng van dl thtfc ma vifc hpc cua HS theo PBL chju dnh hfldng bdi cdc mdi quan hf giao tiep vdi mgi ngfldi xung quanh Vifc hgc cd the dflpc nlng cao hdn ngfldi hgc cd cd hpi tiep xuc vd cpng tdc vdi ngfldi khde, mfii ttudng hpc cho phep tao cic moi quan hf xa hpi, tfin trgi^ s? khac bift, khuyen khich tfl linh hogt, hmh thank phat triln ki nang song cgng dong Van dung md hinh day hgc tren ctf sif vln de ttong day hoc m^t s6 kien thtfc vat Ii THPT a Quy trinh to chUc dgy hgc trin cd sd vdn di Quy trinh to chtfc dgy hpc tren cd sd vln dl dz dfldc mgt sd nha giao dye hpc dfla Nd dflpc phln chia tiidnh nhilu giai doan khac va sfl phan chia cung chfla co stf thdng nhlt, Tuy nhien cd the tdm Iflpc cac quy trinh ba giai doan chinh: Giao nhilm vy, giai quyet nhifm vy va hodn tlt * Giai dogn 1: Giao nhifm vu Cf giai dogn ndy, G V cd nhflng ho trg ban dau dl HS tiep nhgn van de thugn Ipi nhlt ldm cd set cho vifc tiln hanh gidi quyet vln de Cac cfing vifc chinh cfla GVttonggiai doan la; Ldm rd vln de (xlc dinh myc dich, Iam rd cac thult ngfl); hfldng dan cong vifc (chi cdc nguon tdi lifiu, ke hoach lam vifc); to chtfc nhdm (phan chia nhdm, each Idm viec nhdm, each Uln hi GV) * Giai dogn 2: Giai quylt nhifm vy Khi da hieu rd cde nhifm vy hpc tip, HS bat dau cdc hoat dfing giai quylt van de Trong giai doan gidi quyel nhifm vy hgc t|p ndy hogt dgng lam vifc nhdm vd lam vifc cd nhln Iudn luan philn M6i HS diu phai lam vifc theo sfl phan cong, tien dfi chung cfla nhdm sau hop nhdm de chia sl, thong nhat cac quan dilm Hogt dgng cd nhan vd nhdm cfl dan xen den hodn nhifim vy, thong nhat Idi gili cho van dl Kbl da co ldi giai chung, nhdm phan cong bdo clo va thdng qua bdo cdo trfldc nhdm, , * Giai dogn 3: Hoin tlt Cdc nhdm bdo cdo kit qui cfla minh trfldc ldp hogc ttrflng bdy sin pham trfldc tap thl Vifc danh gid ket qud thuge ve GV vd HS Cuoi cflng GV hf thdng vd lam ro cac kiln thtfc mdi nhflng van dl hpc tap Quy trinh to chtfc day hgc trfn cP sd vln di cd the tom tat dfldi dang sd dd nhfl hinh ^ DcfUaiHOC S6 6-2016 33 Lain ro van de hoc tap (GV - Ldp: Thao hian) - Xac dinh muc dich \dn di - Lam rd cdc khai nipn mcs^ GIAONHIIIM\-V C\A-N Bi) H i i ^ g dan cong viec (G\0 - Tai liiu \d dia chi iim kiim ihong DM - Djnh kS hoQch thdi gian To chirc nhom (GV - Ldp) - Huung ddn lam np'r nhom - Cdch ihirc iiSn h4 vai GV Lam viec ohom -BexudtgidihuyiiYnrdng, kiim chuTig gid ihuyi: dugc chon • Phdn cdng vach nhiim, ihd\ han cho cuoc hap nhom liSp iheo GI.il QfA-lT NHI£>I \ T Lam viec cd nhza (GV - Lop) - Tim kiim, doc :di hdu - Tdng hop vdn de cho cuoc hop nhom nip iheo y Khom hoan nhiem i^ • Phdn cdng viii bdo cdo • Nhdm ihdng gua bdo cdo HOAN T A T Danh gia - yhom bdo cdo, GVvd HS ddnh gid - GVdoc bao cdo ddnh gid (G^ LCPP, HS) He thoDg hoa kien thiic - GVh4 ihdng vri ldm ro kiin ihuc moi - HS lham gia bo sung, hdi ddp b Tiin trinh hudng ddn HS tiiam ffa ffdi quyit v^di Do ^61 hgn t h ^ Iflpng cfla bdi bdo, ^ i xin phfip dflgc trinh bay I mpt VI dy xay dtfng tien trmh hfldng din HS tham ^ a gidi quyltVEQI de cua chfloi^ "Khuc xg dnh sdng" ttoi^ difldng ttinh vgt li lop 11 nai^cao X^ dUngtin/ihuSr^vdn d& "Tdu ngdm cdn goi Id tiim tiidy dinh I Id mdt lom tdu ddc biit hogt ddng dUdi nUdc Muiu qudc ffa c6 lUc lUdnghM qudn sU dung Uiu ng^ vdo mtfcdldi qudn Sli ding nhu vdn chuyin hdng hM vd n^in cdu Idioa hgc d dgi didfng Khi dii tgo ^ ngdm, dortiiuchcda tiidy tiid cdn phdi quan sdt dUdc cdc hogi ddng (^ralrinmgtbiinmdnffiditiiddchitgoracdcbgikinhtiimvgng ! Em hdy ddng vm cdc nhd khoa hgc dixu^phUdng dn dii tgo titiit bi f quan sdt ndy cho tdu ngdm? ( TOntrinhht^gdSttHS^umgiagidiqt^itvdttdi: nhdm vi each thflc lam vific gitfa HS vdi HS vd gifla nhdm HS vdi gido vifin * Gim dogn 1: chuyln giao nhifm vu - Ldm sang td cdc tfl ngfl cd lien quan (cac tfl khoa): tdu r^am quan sat cac hoat dgi^ ttin bien, kinh liem vgng - Mfii c l nhdn cd nhifm vy tim hilu cdc khdi nifm, cdc thudt ngfl Hfin quan - Ttic ( ^ van de can thdo Iudn: GV dfla cdc cdu hfii ggi y, nhdm trfldng yfiu clu cdc cd nhdn nhan djnh vln de can gidi quyet, cac tiidnh vifin tiong nhdm dfla y kiln rifing ctfa bdn than, cd nhdm difii^ nhlt ve van d l can phdi tim hieu: Cdch thflc hogt dgng chung cfla tau ngam Id gi? Bfi phdn quan sdt cfla tau ngam dflpc dgt d vj tiri ndo, thiet ke nhfl the ndo? Dfldi^ di cua dnh sdi^ kinh tiem vgr^ nhfl the nao - GV cung d p cdc dja chi tim kiem thdng tin: SGK, ttang web tiifl * Pho biin yiu cdu, cdcktitdCcUtm viic, chia nhom hogt dgng thiet vifn md WJldpeclia , t ^ chi Mit li va tuoi tie I 1^ tiidi gian bilu phfi bi&ivi thfing nhlt chut^viM ldp vl cdch chia * Giai dogn 2: Giai quyet nhifm vy ^(& rpWV-S*"" 34 ^ DatjmHoc • Lap ke hogeh glai quyet: Ldm viec nhfim, dl xult cae gidi p h ^ dltiiflchifn va thdo LM6DAU Theo Lual Giao due nam 2005 Tmng tam giao ludn ve cac giai phdp Vi dy, tim hieu ve hogt dfing cua tau ngam se dan HS den dye thfldng xuyen (TTGDTX) la mgt ba kiln tiitfc tdu ngam lufin Ign dfldi mat nfldc va each mgt nfldc mgt khoang kha ldn tfl 10m, vgy de quan sat dflpc cdc boat dfing tirin bien thi phai cfi dyng cu quang hgcjam logi hinh co sd giao due thudng xuyen (GDTX] dfii dfldng tmyen cuatiasang, dd cd the la cdc ldng kink thiu kinh, gfldng ,GV cd till gpi Tfl ddi den nay, mang lfldi cac TTGDTX y cho HS mfit sd bfldc di can tiiilt dl hfldng tdi van de cln tim hieu khfing ngflng ldn manh ve so Iflpng va chat liJijng, - Lift kl cac giai phap thtfc hien nhifm vy Cac thiet bj quang hgc dflpc dfla d ti^n dap flng cang da dang hon nhu cau hoc lap thi cai nao cd tiie ldm thay doi dfldng truyen cfla anh sang, cdi nao cd thl cho che tgo cia ngfldi dan tai cong dong, Doi vdi raoi co sd don gian, thilt bj nao tgo hinh dnh tfit nhat, tinet bj ndo cd till cfi hifu suit sfl dy:^ ^ t gido due ndi chung cung nhfl TTGDTX noi iihat,.Nh6mtirfldngse tdp hgp cdc gidi phdp tiiflc hifn, chi nhflng cai da hieu bilt ro rieng chal Ifldng dgi ngu giao vien (GV) la mgl rdng va nhulng dilu chfla cd sfl hilu biet hogc sfl hieu bilt chfla dly dtf ttroi^ nhflng yeu to quan trgng quyet dinh tcS - Phln chia nhifm vu hogt dgi^ cd nhdn: Sau cd nhflng vln dl can phai ldm sdng ^ chit Ifldng day \'a hoc Trong do, cong iac nhan se dm hilu tfl cde nguontiifingtin vl dfldng di cuatia$kig qua lang kinh, qua tiilu kinh, qua gflOng phai^ tim hilu each co the be dfldng di Cuatiasang theo y muon, tim bfii dudng cho GV TTGDTX chifa thiic sil di((fc hieu ve chat Iflpng hinh anh quan sat qua cac tiuet bj dd, nhflng yeu to dnh hfldng tixing quan tam va dau tfl thich dang ttong boi canh dilt Iflong dgi ngu GV TTGDTX nhieu h?ii qua trinh tim hieu thdngtincl nhan se cd the sinh nhflng van de mdi - Hodn thifn cde nhifin vy ca nhan: Mfii ca nhln se phai vilt bao cao ve nhflng via de ch^ chfla dap flng yeu cau phat trien ve quy mo minh ^ tim hieu, cd nhdm se t|p hgp lgi va thong nhat kit qud nghien cflu Nhdm cd the GDTX cung nhU yeu cau cua doi mdi giao ducva ddo tgo (GD&DT), Xuat phat lfl thUc trang cong thiet ke sdn pham de tang tiiem stf diuyet phyc cho li le d l dfla vi dy bang cdch che tgo cdc loai kinh tiem vgng bang cdc dyng cy Idiac bdo cao cd nhdn se dflpc ngp lai cho tac boi dfldng cho GV TTGDTX hien nay, vi^ GV de lam nunh chtfng danh gia sau dl cac bien phap de nang cao chat lUdng cong * Giiri dogn 3: Hodn tdt tic bdi dudng GV la rat can thiet de nang cao chal - Cac nhdm se trinh bay kit qui nghiln ctfu ctfa nhdra minh, GV n h ^ xfit, danh gid, Iflgi^ day va hoc tai cac TTGDTX, dapflngyeu hf thong va lam rd nhflng kiln thflc mfii, Cdc HS khac cd thl tham gia hdi dap, ban lugn , clu doi mdl can ban va loan dien nen giao due Sau trinh bdy GV sfi cho HS lam bdi kiem tra kien thfle cfla HS Ddnh gid tinh khd thi cua mo hinh ILNCIDUNG De ddnh gid dflpc tinh khd thi cia md hinh can phdi yay dtfng dflpc bdngtieuchi danh Thtfc trang cong tac bdi duflng cho GVday gid ket qua hogt dgng hgc tgp ctfa HS Vdi md hhih thi vific danh gia qua ttinh mang tgi cdc TTGDTX y i^hia quan tigng, cactifiuchi phai dflgc dfla dly du va rd rang De tim hicu ihUc trang cong tac boi diidng GV Do thdi Iflgng co hgn, cae ddnh gil thtfc tiln ve tinh kha thi cua mfi huih dgy day ^ cde TTGDTX tac gia da Hen hdnh t;^ hoc Trat li d trfldng phd thfing, tfii se lam rd hon d cae bdi bdo liep theo dam, phdi^ van doi vdi cdc can bg qudn l^vaGV III KET LUAN TTGDTX Ha Ngi; Phong GDTX - Sd GD&RT Md hinh day hoe trfin cd sd van d l la mgt nhflng md hinh dgy hgc tieh cflc dang phdt huyfluthl d cac nfldc tien tien tren thl gidi Vdi nhfli^ dgc trflng noi b^t la hfldi^ Ha Ngi va Trfldng Bfii dfldi^ Can bg Giao due tdi stf ty hogt dfii^ cia hgc sinh qua dfi khfii^ chi ren kiln tiitfc, kl nai^ md cdn giflp Ha Nfii; dong thdi dieu tra blng philu doi vHi eho HS efi cd hfii tfl ren luyen bdn thdn va hodn thien kha nang cua mink Tuy nhiln, 102 GV tgi 03 ldp bdi dfldng cho GV dgy d ck dl dp dui^ mgt each igng rai giao dye thong d nfldc ta hifn can cd nhilu TTGDTX tiiam gia Idp bdi dfldng Thdi4plio nghien cflu thtfc tien danh gid chuyen sau hfln cflng nhfl stf quan tam dung mtfc cia cac Hul \ Thanh Hd Chi Minh (72 phieu) vi 02 ban nganh lien quan, TTGDTX Ha Ngi (30 philu) TAI U^U THAM KHAO Chtfng tfii da sodt, hoi cflu tdi lifu, dong thiS [1] Nguyen Thu Hfldng 2008 N^ien cdu, to diUc qud trinh dgy hgc mdt so kiin tiidc chUdng Xdc dinh ludt bdo todn" (vgt li 10 - ndng cao)tiieoquan dem kiin tgo Luan van tiln hdnh khuo sat thflc te vetiiflctrang cong tic boi dfldng G\" TTGDTX ve h? thong van ban dii thgc si khoa hgc giao dye, Dgi hge sfl phgm Thdi Nguyen [2] Nguyfin Thj Thu Thfly, 2009 PhUdngphdp dgy hgc difa tren vdn di (PBL - problem dao, ve xly ditng ke hoach BD, ve to chiic ihtfc based ImTiing) vd vdn dung vdotiiietki ffdng dgy diUdng VTJ "Mk vd cdc dung cu quang hien va cfing lac quan ly, giam sat hoat dong boi hac" -vdt li 11 ndng cao Lugn van tiiae si gido due hoc, ttildi^ Dai hoc Sfl pham Thanh dfldng Ket qua soat cho thay rang, sau mpt thin PhdHdChiMuik gian difla dfloc quan tam, cong tac boi dfldng dw [3] Dd Hfldng Trd, 2012 Ctjc hiu to chdc dgy hgc hiin dgi dc^ hgc vdt li d trUdng GV TTGDTX cac nam gan day da dilijc tiidng NXB Dgi hgc Su phgm cdc d p quan ly chu trgng hdn the hien qua viec [4] "Learning Materials in Problem Based Course" ngudn tfl ifia chi www.materials, ban hanh cdc vin ban chi dao cong tac boi diJftig ac.uk/guidcs/pbLasp va vile tfi chtfc cac Idp boi dfldng cho GV dayc( [5] Ban Chap hanh Trungfldng,2013 Nghj quylt hgi nghj trui^ fldng khda XI ve doi TTGDTX vd tang cfldng cong tac quan Iy, giam mdi can bdn, toan difn giao dye va dao tao sdt cfing tac boi dUdng Nhd do, cong tac boi SUMMARY dfldi^ cho GV day d cac TTGDTX dafi^ nhflng Innovating content, metiiod, organizationalform ofteachingtowards promoting positive, chuyen biln tich cflc va dat dugc nhieu tien bf so self-rdiance of student istiiekey tendency ofY\etiian& educational reform This reportforcus on presenting about tiie application cf the problem based learning (PBL) which one of thevdi nhflng nam trfldc, Cy the active teaching models in leaching physics in Vietiiams secondary sdiool (1) GV GDTX da cd chuong trinh boi dUcmg Keywords: Problem based kaming active teaching models, geometrical optia neng vdi GV thong Nhdn b^ ngdy 26/5/2016 Sda dida xong 29/5/2016 (2) Sfi lap bdi dfldng tap ttung da tai^ len so Duyet ddng 6/6/2016 ... trflc ca ban cfla PBL, ngfldi hpc dfldc tiep cdn vdl vln de d giai dogn dau cfla mpt don vi bai hgc Trong mdn vgt li, tfl nhflng vln dl ldn xuat hien ttong thtfc tien, qua qua trinh tim each gidi... phdi di tim cau tra ldi cho cdu hdi "Chung ta cdn biit gif" va tfl "Chung ta cdn phdi ldm gi?" Trong qua trinh HS tim cau trd Idi hg se di theo hfldng nhfl: la ngfldi tim ra? Ngudn thdng tin... quylt nhifm vy Khi da hieu rd cde nhifm vy hpc tip, HS bat dau cdc hoat dfing giai quylt van de Trong giai doan gidi quyel nhifm vy hgc t|p ndy hogt dgng lam vifc nhdm vd lam vifc cd nhln Iudn