I I B B U B l S U " D U N G B A N D O T U D U Y T R O N G D A Y H O C M O N D I A L I 0 T R U O N G P H O T H O N G • • • S d dung ban do tU duy (BDTD) trong day hoc se giiip HS hoc dddc phuong phap h[.]
I I B B SU" D U N G U B l B A N D O T U D U Y T R O N G D A Y H O C M O N D I A L I T R U O N G P H O • • • T H O N G ThS.Vu-dng Thi Phiidng Hanh Vien Khoa hoc Gido due Viet Nam S d dung ban tU (BDTD) day hoc se giiip HS hoc dddc phuong phap hoc, tang tinh chu dong, sang tao, loi cuon HS tham gia vao bai giang, tao dieu kien phat trien nang khieu hoi hoa, sd thich cua HS qua do, cac em tU chiem linh kien thdc mdi mot each nhe nhdng va hdng thu GV sd dyng BDTD de he thdng kiln thdc mdt each khoa hoc vd logic, ndi dung bai hoc dddc the hien tren ban mdt each tnic quan ma khdng bi bd sdt y Sd dung BDTD cdn giup GV tao cac hinh thdc hoc tap khac nhau, linh hoat vdi cac phddng phap day hoc Ddng thdi day cdn la mdt kenh thdng tin phan hdi rat thiet thdc td HS ddi vdi GV GV cd the dda vao dd de nam bdt dddc lddng thdng tin ma HS tiep nhan dddc, td cd hddng dieu chinh doi vdi ca HS va each day cua chinh minh cho phu hdp Trong gidi han cua nghien cdu nay, chung tdi gidi thieu mdt sd each sd dung BDTD day hoc Dia l i d trddng thdng nhd la mdt goi y de GV tham khao, van dung day hpc cd ket qua tdt hdn Sd dung BDTD viec kiem tra kien thdc cu Vi thdi gian kiem tra bai cu khdng nhiiu chi khoang - phut nin y i u cau cua GV thddng khdng qua khd, khdng ddi hdi nhiiu sd phan tich, so sanh d! tra ldi cau hdi GV thddng yiu cau HS tai hien lai mdt phan ndi dung bai hpc bang each gpi HS l l n bang tra ldi cau hdi GV se cham diim vao mdc dp thudc bai cua HS Cach lam vd tinh de nhiiu HS roi vao tinh trang "hpc vet", dpc thudc long ma khdng hilu Do do, can phai cd sd thay doi viec kiim tra, danh gia nhan thdc cua HS, yiu cau dat khdng chi kiem tra "phan nhd" ma can chu trpng din "phan hilu" Cach lam vda tranh dddc vile hoc vet, vda danh gia chinh xac HS, ddng thdi nang cao chat lddng hpc tap Sd dung BDTD vda giup GV kiim tra dddc phan nhd lan phan hilu cua HS ddi vdi bai hpc cu Cac ban thddng dddc GV sd dung d dang thiiu thdng tin, yiu cdu HS diin cac thdng tin cdn thiiu va rut nhan xet v l mdi quan he cua cac nhanh thdng tin vdi td khoa trung tam Vi du: Trddc hpc bai 14 (Dia 9), GV yiu cau HS l l n bang dien cac thdng tin cdn thiiu d l hoan thien BDTD Cd cau nganh dich vu (phan - Bai 13)(Hinh 1) Sau da hoan thien ban do, HS can rut nhan xet ve cd cau nganh dich vu hay ndi each khac la nhan xet ve mdi quan he gida cac nhanh thdng tin vdi td khoa trung tam Day chinh la phan hilu bai cua HS ma GV nen can cd vao d l danh gia va nhan xet Sd dung BDTD viec giang bai mdi Sd dung BDTD la mdt gdi y cho each trinh bay mdi GV thay vi gach dau ddng cac y can trinh bay len bang thi sd dung BDTD de t h i hien dddc phan hoac toan bp ndi dung bdi hpc mpt each rat tnic quan Todn bp npi A'*(f» bii 27/5/2011 32 • TAP CHI THItT B| QIAO DUC - SO 70 - 6/2011 dung can truyin dat din HS dddc thdu tdm trln ban dd md khdng bi sdt y HS thay vi cam cdi ghi chep thi chpn loc cac thdng tin quan trpng, sd hod chung bang cac mdi quan he vd t h i hien lai theo each hilu cua minh Vdi each hpc cd GV vd HS diu phai tham gia vao qua trinh day hpc tich cdc hdn GV vda gidng bai vda t h i hien t r l n BDTD hoac vda to chdc cho HS khai thac kiln thdc vda hoan thdnh BDTD HS dddc nghe giang, nhin ban do, trd ldi cau hdi, dpc sach giao khoa, ghi chep sU tap trung chu y dddc phdt huy, eddng dp hoc tap theo dd cung dddc day nhanh, HS hpc tap tich cdc hdn Vi du: Bdi 6, phan (Dia 9), d l xac dinh cdc vung kinh t l cua nddc ta, pham vi vd cac trung tdm kinh t l ldn cua vung la phan kien thdc khdng khd nhdng khdng de nhd ddi vdi HS (Hinh 2) Viec t h i hien tat cd cdc vung kinh t l t r l n BDTD xung quanh td khda se mang lai cdi nhin tong t h i v l sd phdn chia cdc vung kinh te cua nddc ta, HS nhin vao ban se nhdn biit dddc tdng vung kinh t l vd cd the ghi nhd mdt each de ddng khdng may moc Sd dung BDTD d l t h i hien phan ndi dung la hdp li vi yiu cau phu hdp vdi mpi ddi tddng HS, thdng tin day du, khdng mat nhiiu thdi gian vd ndi dung dddc the hien rd rdng GV nin td chdc cho HS lam vi|c cd nhan hodc theo nhdm nhd, dda vao npi dung sach gido khoa, ban dd sdeh giao khoa, ban dd treo tddng d l hoan HUANG DAN QUAN IY, SU* DUNG II Hinh 1: BDTD Co ciu nganh dich vu (thieu va du thong tin) Hinh 2: Ban tu Cac vung kinh te thinh bii tap GV the hien tit khoa tren bing, yeu cau HS t r i ldi v i dien tiep thong tin hoic moi HS tU ve BDTD vio vd cua minh Su" dung BDTD viec cung cd kien thdc bai hoc Sd dung BDTD de cung cd kien thdc b i i hpc l i viec l i m rat cd hieu qui GV sd dyng BDTD de the hien lai nhdng ndi dung cd ban cua b i i hoc, tranh bi bd sdt y, khic siu nhdng kiln thdc tam HS sd dung BDTD de the hi|n lai sd hieu biet cua minh qua vi|c tiep thu npi dung bai hpc, ddng thdi la mpt kenh thdng tin phan hdi ma qua GV cd the danh gid nhin thdc cua HS, dinh hddng cho tdng HS v i dieu chinh each day, each truyen dat cua minh cho phu hpp Phd hpp vdi muc dich cung cd kien thdc cho HS sau bdi hpc Hinh 3: BDTD ve Trai dat thi dang bdi tap thich hpp la dien thdng tin cdn thieu vao BDTD Cac thdng tin cdn thieu se bao trdm npi dung todn bai de mpt lan nda nhim khdc sau kien thdc v i idu y den trpng t i m cua bii hpc Sd dung BDTD de bai tap ve nha Vi lam bii tip ve nha se cd nhieu thdi gian va dieu kien de tim kiem tai lieu nen bai tap ve nhi m i GV giao cho HS (hoac nhdm HS) trddc het phai gan vdi npi dung bdi hpc vd diiu kiln cho phep (trinh dp HS, thdi gian, kinh te ) Yeu cau doi vdi bdi v l nha cung can khd hdn, phdc tap hdn v i can sd dau td ldn hdn (ci kenh chd, kenh hinh, miu sic, lddng thdng tin ), qua dd cdn t h i hien cd tinh sang tao va sd tich cdc tim kiim t i i l i | u hpc tap cua HS Sd dung BDTD de tong hop kien thdc chddng hoac nhieu bai hpc Dung BDTD cd t h i the hi|n mpt ldpng thdng tin nhd din ldn vd rat ldn Tdong td, GV vd HS cd t h i the hien phan ndi dung bdi hpc, bai hpc hoac nhieu bai hpc, chuong kiln thdc Vin de Id cac npi dung cd diem chung vdi nhau, cd mdi quan he vdi thdng qua td khda Tuy theo muc dich sd dung md cd t h i thiet k l BDTD gid hpc thdng thddng, gid kiim tra, gid thdc harm, dn tap, tdng kit hay he thong chddng, phan kien thdc Vdi bii tdp niy, GV cd t h i cung HS 1dm tai ldp hoac la bdi tdp giao v l nhd cho HS, nhom HS Vi du: Trdi dat chuyen dpng sao? Hinh dang, kich thddc, cau TAP CHI THlft Bj QIAO DUC - s6 70 -1/2011 3 Ill HUONG DAN QUAN LY, SUf DUNG tao cua Trai dat nhU the nao? la Khdng the phu nhin BDTD nhiing noi dung dtfpc phan anh l i mdt cdng cu htfu ich trong Chtf ong I : Trai dat (Dia 6) giang day v i hpc t i p d trtfdng Nhtfng van de dai ctfong ve Trai thdng cung nhu d cac bac dat dtfpc trinh bay khoa hpc va hpc cao hdn vi chung giup GV cu the qua ttfng bai vdi lddng va HS viec trinh biy cic y thong tin ttfpng doi ldn Khi ket ttfdng mdt cich rd rang, suy nghi thuc chtfong nay, khong co sang tao, tich ctfc v i ddc lip HS bai tong ket chuong nhtfng GV se hoc dtfdc phtfdng phap hpc van nen danh thdi gian cung HS tap, tang tinh chu ddng, sang tao he thdng lai cac ndi dung da hpc v i phat trien ttf duy, tiet kiem ve Trai dat de them mdt lan ntfa dtfdc thdi gian v i giup HS n i m khac sau kien thtfc cho HS va dtfdc kien thdc thdng qua mdt cung cd cho cac em cac van de "bin do" the hien cic lien ket trpng tam can ghi nhd (Hinh 3) chat che cua tri thtfc Qua BDTD v l Trai dat, HS Ket luan dtfdc khic siu cac ndi dung ve Nhin chung, cd the stf dung Trai dat nhtf vi tri cua Trai dit BDTD tat ca cic khiu cua he Mat trdi, cau tao ben qui trinh len ldp ttf kiem tra b i i cua Trai dat, kich thtfdc, cu, trien khai b i i mdi den cung hinh dang, stf van ddng v i cic cd kien thtfc, giao b i i ve nhi; ttf he qui cua stf van ddng Vdi viec the hien ltfdng kien thdc nhd he chtf chit loc nhflng thdng tin den ldn, ttf ddn giin den phdc tap; quan trpng, hinh inh minh hoa td viec hpc ca nhin den nhdm, cac thdng tin mdt each sinh dpng, tip the GV can nghien cdu ndi BDTD ve Trii dat thtfc stf mang dung chddng trinh, ndi dung b i i lai cho HS cii nhin trtfc quan, de hpc, Ida chpn nhdng phan, hieu, de nhd SUf D U N G C A U H O I N H A N Ket luan Nhd vay, muon sd dung ciu hdi nhin thdc d l ning cao hieu qua b i i giing c i v l k i l n thdc, thai dp v i ky ning, GV phii kit hdp sing tao cau hdi nhin thdc vdi he thdng phddng phip day hpc theo hddng ddi mdi, lay HS lam trung tim Nhdng biin phap dddc d l cap bii bao, neu dddc GV sd dung hdp l i se cd tie dung to ldn giup HS tich cdc hdn qua trinh hpc t i p lich sd Tuy nhiln day hpc lich sd khdng cd bien phap nio l i van ning d l Hang xuat khau TAl LIEU THAM KHAO Trin Dinh Chau, Dang Thi Ihu Thuy, T6 chile hoat dpng day hpc vcfi ban d6 tu duy, Bao Giao due va thdi dai, s6 184 va 185 nam thii 51 (thang 11/2010) 2.http://vnn.vietnamnet.vn/giaoduc/ chuyengiangduong/201011/Ban-do-tuduy-kieu-hoc-moi-giup-HS-thoat-loimon-948273/ T H U C •(Tiep trang 29) phat huy tdi da tinh tich cdc, chu ddng qua trinh hpc tip cua cac em Vile sd dung cac phtfdng phap ndi trln chi thtfc stf dem lai h i l u qua giao due dtfdc GV sit dung mdt each linh hoat, m l m deo, muc dich cua bai va kha ning nhan thdc cua cac em.a (D? Hang tieu dung chirong trinh kinh te ldn ke hoach nam (1986-1990) nhdng bai cd k h i ning ap dung BDTD Sau dd, GV phan tich npi dung bai day, tim nhdng van dl, nhtfng bieu tddng, khai niem can hinh v i truyen dat cho HS, xic dinh cac dang bii tip vdi BDTD phu hdp vdi ddi tupng HS, quy thdi gian, diiu kiln trtfdng ldp, trang thiet bi day hpc Tuy nhiln, khdng phai bat ctf hdi dung nio, b i i hpc nio cdng cd t h i sd dung BDTD v i cung khdng phai sd dung mdt cich ap dat cho mpi gid hoc GV can cd sd linh hoat sd dung BDTD dung luc, dung each, phu hdp vdi ddi tddng HS v i quan trpng l i dam bao viec truyin tai ndi dung bii hpc.a Phu hpp vdi tinh hinh, hoan canh dat nude (2)? (3)? Luong thyc, thyc pham 34 • TAP CHI THlff H QIAO DUC - SO 70 - 6/2011 (4)? TAlLI$U THAM KHAO [1] Bp Giao due va Dao tao (2008), Lich sit 12 (Chtfdng trinh chuan), NXB Giao due Ha Npi [2] Dang Cpng san Vi?t Nam(2006), Van kifin Dang - Toan tap, T|p 43, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Npi [3] Phan Ngpc Lien, Trinh Dinh Tung, NguySn Thi Coi (2002), Phiiemg phap day hpc ljch stf, tip II, NXB Dai hgc stf pham, Ha Npi ... dpng day hpc vcfi ban d6 tu duy, Bao Giao due va thdi dai, s6 184 va 185 nam thii 51 (thang 11/2010) 2.http://vnn.vietnamnet.vn/giaoduc/ chuyengiangduong/201011/Ban-do-tuduy-kieu-hoc-moi-giup-HS-thoat-loimon-948273/... gian cung HS tap, tang tinh chu ddng, sang tao he thdng lai cac ndi dung da hpc v i phat trien ttf duy, tiet kiem ve Trai dat de them mdt lan ntfa dtfdc thdi gian v i giup HS n i m khac sau kien... nhU the nao? la Khdng the phu nhin BDTD nhiing noi dung dtfpc phan anh l i mdt cdng cu htfu ich trong Chtf ong I : Trai dat (Dia 6) giang day v i hpc t i p d trtfdng Nhtfng van de dai ctfong ve