NANG GAD CHAT lUIING OAY HDG MDN VAT il t T M G TRDNG HDG GllSi NGUYEN SV TRONG ThS NINH Q U O C HUY'''' Day hpc (DH) dinh hudng phattrie''''n ning luc ngudi hpc la hinh thfle DH g in lien^vdi thuc hanh, tr[.]
NANG GAD CHAT lUIING OAY HDG MDN VAT il t T M G TRDNG HDG GllSi NGUYEN SV T R O N G - ThS NINH Q U O C HUY' D ay hpc (DH) dinh hudng phattrie'n ning luc ngudi hpc la hinh thfle DH gin lien^vdi thuc hanh, trai nghiem Dieu dupc khing djnh qua viecttiuehien cac md hinh tiudng hpe mdi VNEN, md hinh tn/dng hpe Isehool, phuong phap ban tay^ nan bdt, DH tare quan va tiiuc hanh Tuy nhien, de van dyng €{jqc nhflng hinh tiiflc DH ddi hdi phai tdi uu hda dflpc dieu kien, dddung, phuong tien,tiiiet bj DH d tii/dng tnjng hpc co sd (THCS), hpc sinh (HS)ti^cankien tiiflc mdn l/af//chuyeutiieophupng thflc quy nap, phan Idn c i c ket luin khoa hpc deu dupe rut ti) tiiinghiem (TN) hoac dupc kiem chutig bing TN Tuy viy, dieu kien eua cac trudng mien nuitinh Lang Son, dieu kien ve cosdvat chat ndi chung, cac TN vat li ndi rieng edn kha khiem tdn De dap flng yeu cau ddl mdi giao due sau nam 2015, dac biet la tang cfldng DH tiiyc hanh nhim phattiiennang luc ngfldi hpc, viec xiy dung bpTN tflnhflng vat lieu quen thudc, dd kiem, giathanh ket hpp vdi bpTN giao khoa hien hanh l i ratquan trpng vacan thie't kich thich tiiu va tinh tich cue hpc tip; HS dupc trai nghiem vditiiyc tesinh ddng, Mat khac, sflphat trien manh me eua khoa hpe kT thuit, su bung no thdng tin, HS cdxu hudrig tiidng mlnh hon HS tn/dc d i y cung dp tudi, nhu cau hie'u biet vupt khoi ndi dung chfldng trinh DH quy djnh nha tn/dng Vi viy, mong mudn dupc tiep can bpTN vat lidPn gian d c i c trudng THCS tren dia ban tinh Lang Son la cdtilue, d i e biet la dung cuTN danh cho hoat ddng ngoai khda Cd nhieu nguyen nhan anh hudng den sdlupng va chat Iflpng dung cy TN V i t li hien hanh dtrudng THCS tren dja ban tinh Lang Spn: 1.1 Cac tn/dng THCS dupe eung ci'p bd dyng cu TN (dong bp vdi bd sach giao khoa) tfl nam iipc 2001-2002 Qua 12 n i m sfldung, cac trudng tubao tri, bao dudng theo kinh nghiem dan tdi nhieu dung cu da huhong hoic hettiidigian sfldung, dien hinh la bp dyngcuTNDien vaDi^ntfl(l'af//7va Vatti9}.C6 nliOng dung_ cy chi thieu mdt chi tiet nho khdng I.Danh gia thuc trang bpTN V i t li giao khoa dupe ci'p bd' sung va khdng de kiem tren thj tn/dng nen eung khdnq sudyng dupe, mptsdtiirdng THCS hien hanh dcac trudng THCS tinli Lang Son Quatiiuctedugid,td'chflc ngoai khda va hdi thao d i tie'n hanh bd sung nhung khdng thudng xuyen danh gia thuc trang bd TN V i t li giao khoa hien hanh Ben canh dd, kinh phi hang n i m de' mua mdi, bd dcactn/dngTHCSti-endiatinh Lang Son,chung tdi sung, hJ sua dung cy TN d cac tn/dng THCS cdn nhin ttiay: So lupng va chit lupng dung cy TN co han che ban d i dap iJmg nhu cau giang day Irong cac gid hpc 1.2 Nhieu thie't bj dupe thiet ke, lap dat theo chinh klida ddi vdi cac tardng vung 1,2; vung cdn phupng ngang nen khdng dap flng day du cac yeu han che Sdlupng v i chat Iflpng TN vecac ndi dung cau cua TN bieu didn Trong dd, loai TN "Nhiet hoc", "Dien hoc", 'Bao toan vachuyen hda nang chie'm ti le Idn ndi dung chuong trinh DH Villi Iflpng" kha khiem tdn Mat khac, cae dung cy TN THCS Dien hinh la eae dung cu TN ve "Dien hpc", khdng dong bp, khd sfl dung, khd thiet ke; mdt sd "Dien tfl hpe" va "Quang hpc" dung cu khdng dam bao linh chlnh xac; thie'u TN dpn 1.3 Chfla cd quy trinh thd'ng nhat ve bao quan, gian, tulam Ben canh dd, cac hoat dpng ngoai khda sudungthletbiTN dcac trfldng THCS Nhieu tii/dng V^t li cua HS THCS nhu bie'u dien TN; thiet ke chfla coi trpng dung mflc, chfla ehu ddng tiiiet keva dung, dung cu TN; thi tim hieu, giai thieh hien tupng sudungTN don gian tflvat lieu quen tiiudc, d l kid'm vat li hoac tim hie'u ve nhflng nha Vat li hoc; to' chflc Cdn hien tflpng y lai,ti"dngehd cap phat hoic chi DH long ghep hoat ddng ngoai khda Vat li vdi cac mdn tiieo dung yeu eau TN nhusach giao khoa hoc khae deu can den dyng cy TN, bien nhflng djnh li, dinh luat khd khan trd nen gan gui vdi cudc sd'ng; * Tnriing Caotfangsir pham Lang Son 34 Tap chi Gido due so 364 (ki2-8/2015) /.4 Thieu hetiidng bii tap va dung cyTN phuc vy eua cae chuyen gia; -ToehfletiiiA; nghiem supham: hoatdpng DH ngoai khda Diy la nguyen nhan mang^DH vatienhanh ngoai khda dtii/dngTHCS vd^ bd tinh dae ttiu cua mdn hpc Thyc te chotiiay,de ^ TN dixiy dung;-Danh gii vahieu chinh bpTN qua ehflcmdtbua ngoai khoa vatii cdhleu qua can nhieu tiii/cte'DH ttidi ^ian chuan bj, tdn kem ve kinh phi; dd, can cd 2.3 Mdt sdsan pha'm da dugc thiet ^e N hdm su hd trp tich cue ve eo sd vat chat va ehuyen mdn, nghien eflu datienhanhtiiietke'vi caitien104 TN, dae biet la bd dyng cu TN phyc vy hoat ddng mpt may phatti'nhdien Trong dd, 47 TN cd tfietien 1.5 Lang So^ la mpt tinh mien nui bien gidi, cdhaih DH nhip mdn, gidittiieubai hpc mdi hoic td' nhieu die'm trudng, phin hieutiudngkhac nhau, dieu chflc hoat dpng ngoai khda; mdt bd dia video eae TN kien CP sdvat chatva giaotiidngedn khd khan, vivay,ttieotiJngkhdi Idp Vat li 6, Vat li 7, Vat li 8, Vat li khdng phai lue nio cung cd dieu kien de m ua sim, bo Bang So h/ong TN caitien vaTNlamm sung, catgifl, bao dudngti'angtiiletbjDH noi chung, Ndi dunq TN cai Hfin TN lam mdi bd mdn Vat li ndiriengmdt each kipttidi,day du va STT Vat li 14 dong bp Vat li 10 20 Tflttiuetrang neu tren eho thay, viec xiy di/ngbp Vat li 28 dyng cy,ttiietbj TN ket hpp vdi bd TN giao khoa Vat Vat li 11 20 //THCS hien hanh la mdt bien phap ning eao chat Tonq conq 41 63 lupng DH, dapflngyeu cau ddl mdi glao due giaidoan hien 2.4 Mgt so'hinh anh mo phong TN mdn Vat li 2.Casdxay dung bp dung cuTN nham gdp dtrudng THCS (xem hinhtiBngben) phan nang cao chat luong DH mdn Vat lid cae 2.5 tjng dung cac thi nghiem vao thuc tien trudng THCS tinh Lang Son 2.1 Yiu cau: - Bo sung, hd trp bd dyng cu TN giangday Nhdm nghien eflu d itie'nhanh van dyng giao khoa hien hanhti-ong'DHchinh khoava ngoai eaetiiietbj TN mdi vao day hpc 126tietva td'ehflc khoa mdn Vattiatii/dngTHCS; - So lupng va chat 04 budi ngoai khda mdn l^a/Z/d cacttudngTHCS lupng bddyng cy TN phai phfl hc^ chuong trinh Vit fren dja ban tfnh Lang Son Ketqua chottiay:-Thiet It THCS hien hanh, dapflngnhu cauttiuctecua bd ke da dip ung cactieuchi cua TN bieu diin, nhieu mdn.cdtiieap dyng linh hoattrong DH chuong trinli HS cung mdt luc quan sat rd eae ehitietquan fa'png saeh giao khoa mdicua Bd GD-DT sip ban hanh; va ket qua cua TN Dyng cu TN cd kich ed khac -VitlieudPngian,dikiem, giatiianhha, sudung an nhau, dap ung yeu eau DH d eae tn/cffig THCS toan, hieu qua, dipflngnhu eau DH cua loai tn/dngttiudc vung cua tinh Lang Son; • Bd dyng cy TN da dang vetiieloai, tao dieu kien ttiuin lpi cho giao ttiudc vung 1,2,3 tren dja ban tinh Lang Son vien lua chpn va su dyng Td' chflettiuehien nhieu 2.2 Car sdxay dungbg TN Nhdm nghien cflu TN ngoai khda da dupe ddng dao HS hudng ung, d i xiy dflng va sd dyng bd TN mdn Vattiatardng dap ung tdt cho DH tieh hpp (lien mdn); - Bd dia THCS dfla tren cp sd sau: - Danh giatiiucti^ngbd vkleo giup giao vien van hinh cac TN mdi, tao co sd TN mdn l/af/Zd cac trudng THCSti^endja ban ti'nh tiiuin Ipi de sudung TN ao, ed thetiiuehien dupc Lang Son thdng qua viec dugid, tham Idp; to chflc eae TN tuong tu; - Nhieu TN mdi la, giy bit ngd, hoat ddng ngoai khda, hdittiao;tiungeau y kien cua hi'p din va kiehttiichhungttiuhpctap, khie siu va giao vien cae tn/dng THCS va giang vien, sinh vien md rpng vdn hie'u biet cho HS Tien hanh TN cd Tn/dng CDSP Phan loai eae dyng cy TNtiieotieu ttiao tac don gian, kha nangttianhcdng cao, ket chivesdlupngvachatlupngdedexuitgiaiphap lam qua 6\iqc quan sat rd net, cdttiesudyngtrong bieu mdi hay eaitien;-Thaoluin vecac giai phap lam mdi dien vattiuchanh hoac hoat dpng ngoai khoa bp hoac caitiendung eyTN,uutieneho nhflng dyng eu, mdn, cdtinh khattiicao; - Bd TN dupettiamducae ttiiet bi ma mot dyng eu cdttie'sudunglinh hoat va cupc thi sang tao: Dat huy chupng Dongfronghdi hieu qua cho nhieu TN khae nhau; - Xay dung quy till Nghiep vu sU pham toan qud'e nim 2013 tai Ha tririh lam mdi hoic caitie'ntflng dyng cy TN va each Ndi vdi TN'Sundyi nhiet cua chi't rin"va°Mdhinh tiiflc bao tri, bao dfldng; - Lfla chpn nguyen v^t lieu dudng sit giam tieng ori"; giai Nhi cupcttiiNghien quentiiupc,d l kiem, giatiiinhha detiiiet keva eai tie'n cflu khoa hpctiianhtiiieunien tinh Lang SPn nam tiJng dyng cy TN; - Kiemttadptinciy cua cac dung 2015 vdi "Md hinh bao chiy va cflu hoa tuddng" cy TN bing each tien hanh TNttiuvdi sfl danh gia (ki2-8/2015) Tap chi Gido due so 364 35 '^mtmsM^.^ w^^i^^'^mp^^M^^Sm -JR kian,giatiianhhadianh hudng tk:h eye den hoat dpng DH mdn Vat S THCS, d£^ flng yeu cau DH Iheo hUGVig ti^ cin nang luc Vivay, cac CO quan giao dye va dao tao can uu tien chl dao xay dung va trien khai quy frinh quan li, sudung bd dung c y v a tiiiet bjTN, eoi d i y la mdt giaiphap hflu hieu tiong ddi mdi giao dye Hang nam, mdicosdgiEbduccan chu ddng x i y dung ke hoach bao fri, bdsung, ttiay tiiedyng cyva ttiiet bj TN phu hpp vol tinh hinh tiiyc te DH cua don vi • Tai li^u (ham khao NguySn Due Tham Phinmg phap day hoc Vilt h' d'truong trung hpc Cff SO" NXB Dgi hgc su phgm, H 2002 P h a m Huu T6ng OaOngauy6i} din huOng aiu bĐnbSrigôa laze tmng lihdi LI' \%ằkn day hoc V | t U NXB Dgi hoc supham, Hinh Mo hinh bao chay ciiu hoa ti/dong H.2005 NguySn Vdn Khai P h u o n g phdp giang day VSt If a triKDUg thong NXB Gido dgc, H 2008 NguySn Quang D6ng Phuong phdp td chuc hogt ddng ngogikhod Vdtli&truCmg trung hocphdthdng Thdi Nguyen 2008 SUMMARY Generally speaking, students at lower secondary schools often access the knowledge In the Held of Physics throu0i inductive methods which means that Hinh Hop quang hoc gin tin bang tu" - Sifphan xa scientific results are concluded from or proved by experiments However, that the quality ofexp^^nm' anh sang ten guong cau (om tai facilities is degraded as a result of having been used for manyyears creates many challenge to meet the requirements of educational Irmovattons BuildTdm Iai, TN ed vai bd d i e biet quan trpng ing and using experimental equipment sets from familiar and inexpensive materials bringa aboutpo^DH mdn l^aZ/rdttudng THCS Qua nhieu n i m sfl tive results on the teaching and learning process, dung, bp dung cy TN giio khoa hien hanh da xudng enabling teachers and students to meet the requirecaip, khdng dap flng dupc yeu cau ddi mdi DH X i y ments of teaching and leaming fjased on com dung va sd dung bd TN h> v i t lieu quen tiiupc, de development approaches 36 Tap chi Gido due so 364 (ki2-8/2015) n ... phong TN mdn Vat li 2.Casdxay dung bp dung cuTN nham gdp dtrudng THCS (xem hinhtiBngben) phan nang cao chat luong DH mdn Vat lid cae 2.5 tjng dung cac thi nghiem vao thuc tien trudng THCS tinh Lang... hanh TN cd Tn/dng CDSP Phan loai eae dyng cy TNtiieotieu ttiao tac don gian, kha nangttianhcdng cao, ket chivesdlupngvachatlupngdedexuitgiaiphap lam qua 6\iqc quan sat rd net, cdttiesudyngtrong... hoac hoat dpng ngoai khoa bp hoac caitiendung eyTN,uutieneho nhflng dyng eu, mdn, cdtinh khattiicao; - Bd TN dupettiamducae ttiiet bi ma mot dyng eu cdttie''sudunglinh hoat va cupc thi sang tao: