XAY DI/NG NEN GIAO DUG MO OE MQI NGl /a i THAM GIA HOC TAP SUOT DOT • TS Lt DiNH VlfeN (*) T O M TAT Tic ngdn xua cho din nay, ong cha ta luon de cao vd coi trong su hoc Hoc Id nin tang xdy dung nin c[.]
XAY DI/NG NEN GIAO DUG MO OE MQI N G l / a i THAM GIA HOC TAP SUOT DOT • TS Lt DiNH VlfeN (*) TOM TAT Tic ngdn xua cho din nay, ong cha ta luon de cao vd coi su hoc Hoc Id nin tang xdy dung nin nguai todn di^n v&i nhiing pham chat dugc ren giua qua trinh hoc tap tie thdy c6 vd tu hoc Ngdy nay, vai su tien bQ vu(rt b$c cua khoa hoc - ky thuat, cong nghe thong tin phdt trien nhanh chong da too tien de ca ban cho qud trinh tyc tim toi nghien cicu, hQC tap suot dai Hoc tqp suot dai la yen cdu khdch quan cho sy^phdt triin hi$n Nin gido due ma tao nhieu dieu ki$n cho mgi nguai cap nh^t dugc kiSn thuc m&i nhdt, phiic vu tot nhdt cho cuoc song Gido dvc ma cdn theo dudi phuang chdm ddo tgo thich hap, ma rgng ddu vdo, kiem sodt dau Quy trinh ddo tg.o Id qud trinh sang Igc lien tuc, nghiem tuc, bao dam chi nhung nguai du diiu kien m&i tot nghiep truang vd de cgp kien thuc din mgi nguai cdn su dung phuang phdp ddo tao tie xa, vHa hoc vica Idm Lam dugc nhu v$y, chdc chdn tao duang hqc van den tat cd moi nguai vd Id duang khai tri nguon nhdn luc cho ddt nuac, gop phdn dang ki cho su nghiep cong nghiep hoa vd hiin d^i hoa ddt nuac Tif khoa: Hoc tap suot dai gido due ma, nguon luc, SUMMARY From ancient times until now, our forefathers have always respected and given prominence to education Learning is the foundation to build the wholly person with the qualities forged in the process of learning from teachers and self-study Nowadays, with the great progress of science engineering, information technology has developed rapidly, creating basic premise for self- research process and lifelong learning Lifelong learning is an objective requirement for the current development Open education has created a lot of conditions for people to update the latest knowledge and to serve for life the best Open education needs pursuit of proper training motto, input expansion, output control The training process is the process of continuous and serious selection, ensuring only those who are eligible to graduate and to universalize common knowledge to all who need to use distance learning methods, both learning and working By doing so, we can make sure to create access to education to everyone and that is the way to develop the minds of human resources for the country, contributing significantly to the industrialization and modernization of the country Key words: Lifelong learning, open education, human resources, Hpc tap suot d6i - yeu t6 ngi lire hpc la di§u ki?n, la co s a dS liim nen mpi cho m ? ! sy p h a t t r i i n vi$c "Nhan b i t hoc b i t tri ly" la lu^n Tir bao dai nay, van hoa truyen thong ciia dan toe Viet Nam, hoc la vdn dh luon dugc d6 cao D6i voi cha ong, di8m quan kh§ng dinh t i m quan cua vi$c hoc va "day khong moi, hoc khSng chan" hay n6i each khac 1^ TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NG NGHIEN C l i U - T R A O O d l hoe t^p suot doi la dieu cac the he nguai Viet Nam luon mong moi va dan hliu thl Nuac ta tiSn hanh cong nghiep hoa va hien dai hoa tir mot di§m xuit phat eon thap Trong boi canh do, chiing ta dang thieu rat nhieu, mot nhung cai thieu nhat hien la tri thirc Ma tri thuc khong the c6 dugfc mpt thai gian ngan D6 vuan den dinh cao eua tri tu?, cac hpc gia tu xua d6n dSu coi vi|c hpc tap la cong vi$e su6t d6fi Cau noi n6i ti6ng cua V.I Lenin "hpc, hoc nua, hpc mSi" chinh la doi hoi theo tinh than do, nku chung ta mu6n vuan len chiSm linh nhiing tvru cua khoa hoc Dae biet, neu truac day nhung kiln thitc chii yeu la hpc dugc a nha tnrcrng, nguai hpc tiSp thu v^ ling dung nhung kien thiic vao dai, thi voi sv phat triin nhanh chong cua khoa hoc ky thuat, su phat trien manh me cua cong nghe thong tin, nhiing kien thiic dS hpc dugc neu khong tiep tuc hpc t|ip se bi lac hau nhanh chong Cac nha khoa hoc da noi, nhung kien thuc xa hoi ma ta c6 hon 500 nam qua, c6 the tich hgp vao vai chuc chip; cung nhu nhiing kiln thttc ta c6 tu nam truac den da tra nen lac hau neu khong noi la khong phii hgp Do vay, viec hoc tap suot dai la v6 cung can thiet Nen giao due ma se ddp ling dieu ay, no tao dieu kien cho mgi nguoi cap nhat dugc kien thuc moi nhSt de mpi nguoi CO dieu ki|n phuc vu tot nhat cho mpi nguai Su phat triin cong nghe thdng tin, su thong thao ngoai ngii giup nguai ta c6 thI ng6i cf nuac minh, dia phuong minh ma c6 the trao doi, ban bac tham chi hoan cac luSn an khoa hoc voi nuac ngoai Qua mang internet ngufri c6 thI thu th?p dugc v6 so thong tin va tu do, tu lam giau kien thiic cua chinh minh Nhiing khai quat nSu tren, cho thay hpc tap suot dai chinh la y6u cSu khach quan cho mpi su phat trien hien Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da neu cho tat ca chung ta tam guang ve hpc tap suot dai Bac Ho hoan canh khong dugc hpc nhieu truong lap ma tu hpc la chinh, la net noi bat ve pham chSt cua Bac Trong ly lich tu khai a Dang Cpng san Phap nam 1920 cung nhu tham du mot so hgi nghj va d^i hpi ciia Quoc te Cong san nSm 1924, Bdc deu ghi a phan trinh dp hoc van la t\r hgc NSm 1961, t^i Hgi nghi chuyen de sinh vien quoc te hpp a nuac ta, Bdc kl: "Vl van hoa t6i chi hgc het lap tieu hpc" Nam 1959, noi chuy?n tai truang D^i hpc Patgiagiaxan - Indonesia, Bac ke: tre toi khong CO dip den truang Dai hoc Toi di du lich va lam vifc, la truang Dai hgc cua tdi Truang hgc ay da day cho toi khoa hgc xa hgi No day cho toi each yeu, each ghet, yeu nuoc, yeu loai nguoi, yeu dan chu, hoa binh va cam ghet ap buc, bat cong Truang hgc ay da day toi khoa hgc, quan su, lich su va chinh tri Ro rang, bang duang tu hgc va hpc tap suot dai, Bac Ho da de lai cho chiing ta tam guang c6 mot khdng hai cho cac the he nguoi Viet Nam noi theo O Bac chi c6 duang tu hgc hoat dpng thuc te va boat dgng each mang Nhung nam thang bon ba nuac ngoai, lam dii cac nghe de song, Bac deu tranh thu thoi gian de hgc tap va nghiSn cuu Bac da tung noi: "Duong dai la cai thang khong nac chot Vi6c hpc la quyin sach khSng c6 trang cu6i cung" chinh la phuang cham hgc tap su6t dbi d6i vai Bac, la lai khuyen d6i voi tit ca mgi nguai, m6i can bg TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEF Tu hgc tap va hgc tap su6t dai la mot luan dilm quan trgng tu tudng Ho Chi Minh vl giao due Ngay tac phim "Duong Kach menh", trucfc each m^ng thang - 1945 Bac da chi to b6n nai dl hgc "Hpc nha trudng, hgc sach vcr, hpc lan va hgc a nhan dan" c6 y nghia to 16n qua trinh lam giau kiln thute bing eon duang hgc tap su6t dcfi ciia ra6i ngudi Ngay sau Cach mang thdng c6ng, Bac da coi vi$c di?t giac d6t quan trgng va cip bdch nhu di§t giac doi, giac ngoai xSm Bac da nh|in trSn 90% s6 dan mu chli, thit hgc la mgt qu6c nan Bac eon canh bao: "MOt dan tgc d6t la mot dan t6c ylu" Bdc da khich le d6ng bao: Di hpc la yeu nuac Tu tuang H6 Chi Minh vl hgc tap su6t doi da bat g^p xu the cua thdi dai, ma giao due va dao tao da tra yeu to quySt dinh den tuong lai cua moi dSn tgc, su phat triin cua m6i mgt quoc gia xu thI toan cau hoa Ngay toan Dang, toan dan ta dang phan dau hpc tap va lam theo tim guang dao due H6 Chi Minh c6 viec hgc thuang xuyen, hgc suot dcri, hgc de biet, hgc de lam vice, lam giau va tren tat ea la dl m6i ngudi hoan trdch nhi6m va nghia vu cua minh Noi chuyen vai lap nghien cuu chinh tri khoa truang Dai hgc Nhan dan 21/7/1956, Nguoi khang djnh: "Hgc la m6t vi§c phai tiep t\ic suot dai, su6t dai phai gin liln ly luan vai cong tac thuc te" Xky dirng nen gi^o dye md, thich irng v&i nhu cau hgc t^p $u6t dM Nghi quylt Dai hOi dai bilu toan qu6c lin thu X cua Dang da yeu ciu "chuySn dan mo hinh gido dye hien sang m6 hinh giao dye md - mo hinh xa h6i hgc tap va tu tudng H6 Chi Minh vl hpc tap suot dcri, nhim ndng cao dan tri phat trien nguon nhan lijrc, dao tao nhan tai ph^c v\i c6ng nghiep hoa, hiSn dgi hoa dat nude, nhdt la b6i canh nuac ta h0i nh^p cang sau rgng vao nin kinh tl thI gidi" Nghj quylt D^i h0i dai bilu toan quoc Ian thii XI tilp t\ic khing dinh "D6i mdi can ban va toan di?n nin gido dye Viet Nam theo hu6ng chuin hoa, hifn dai hoa, xa hOi hoa, dan chu hoa va hpi nhap qu6c tl" Nhiing quan dilm, nhiing chii truang, quylt sdch cua Dang vk Nhi nuac ve giao dye vi dao t^o diu xuit phat tii tu tuong H6 Chi Minh vl hpc tap su6t ddi v6i mOt nin giao dye md Ngay sau viia mdi gianh dugc dOc lap, thu guri hgc sinh nhan khai giang, Chu tich H6 Chi Minh da dat nilm tin: "Non song Vi?t Nam c6 trcf n6n ve vang hay khong, dan tgc Vi|t Nam CO sanh vai vdi cudng qu6c nam chau dugc hay khong chinh la nhd mot phan Ian a cong hpc tap eiia cac chau ' Thich ling vdi nhu cau hpc tap su6t d6i, cin thilt phai dinh hinh m6 hinh giao due mo, coi la dieu kien bat bupc de md mpt phuang thiic dao tao rpng rai cho mpi ngudi Vdi nhu cau hgc tap het siic Idn va nhan dan ta rat hieu hgc, nham phat trien dat nude va t\r hoan thien minh doi hdi ngudi cSn cd kiln thiic da dgng, sau rdng, cap nh^t thudng xuySn, khac ph\ic c6 hieu qua sir cham tre hoac Igc hau so vdi su phat trien nhanh chong cua khoa hgc ky thuat Trilt ly ca ban cua gido d\ic xuit phat tu luan diSm ea ban la ngudi sinh cung c6 quyIn binh dang tdn tai va phat triin Moi ngudi phai tu than phin diu vi su sinh ton ciia ban than va ddng loai, vi s\r phdt trien ciia ban than va xa hOi bang dudng lao dgng sdng tgo va dl thuc hi$n chan ly gidn di dd TAP CHI KINH It NGHIEN CQ'U-TRAO BOI ngudi phai khong ngung hgc hdi thong qua giao due nhlm nang cao tri tue, tu sang tao de lao dgng cd hieu qua Quan diem co ban cua giao due la giao due mgi ngudi, vi mgi ngudi, cho mpi ngudi, mgi ngudi dugc quyIn binh dang hudng th\i qua cua nin giao due va CO trach nhiem dong gdp xay dung, phat trien nen giao due Giao due duge coi la qua trinh tiln hoa (evolution), ke thiia cd chpn Igc, tuyet nhien khong phai la euge each mang (Revolution) mang tinh dot biln huy diet Ngay nhiing tien bg ciia khoa hgc - ky thuat, dac biet la cong nghe thong tin da lam cho the gidi dan trd mgt the gidi md - kinh tl tri thiic, vdi nhiing dac tnmg ca ban bao gom su chuyen dich can true cua nen kinh tl, tren co sd khong ngirng doi mdi cong nghe de nang cao chat lugng, nang suat lao dgng, tao nen su canh tranh hoan hao Trong dieu kien dd, tiem nang ciia mdi qude gia khong chi phu thugc vao tai nguyen thien nhien ma phu thuge chii yeu vao chat lugng ngudi, phu tbugc rat Idn vao khdi lugng tri thuc cua nhan loai ham chiia dai da so dan chiing ciia quoc gia do, phu thugc vao trinh dan tri cua moi quoc gia cao hay thap Giao due trd van dS song eon eiia moi quoc gia va nen giao due tat yeu phai la nen giao diic md Khi ta khing dinh dugc rang, su bai cua moi ca nhan da tao nen mdi lien kit canh tranh Canh tranh - lien kit khong ehi phu thupc vao trinh chuyen mdn nghiep vu ma cdn phu thude rit nhieu vao yeu to van hoa, pham chit dao diic, su hilu bilt vl cuoc song ciia ngudi V.I Lenin da cho rang: "ngudi ta chi cd the trd ngudi cong san biet lam giau kien thiic ciia minh tii tong sd kien thuc ma nhan loai tich lily dugc" B& cd the thau tdm kien thiie ma nhan loai da tich lily dugc, nhat thiet phai hinh mgt nen giao due md, coi la dieu kien quan trgng ve giao due, la quan diem ca ban ciia giao due "Vi mpi ngudi, cho mpi ngudi" Nhin vao qua khii chiing ta da tCrng hinh mpt Dai hpc Md - Ban edng phd Ho Chi Minh, khong chi vdi nhGng ket qua dugc danh gia vao thdi diem do, ma sau nay, dugc nguyen Bg trudng Bg Giao due va Dao tao Nguyen Minh Hien da thua nh^n: "Day la tich rat Idn ciia Dai hgc Md - Ban cong phd Ho Chi Minh va phuang thiic quan ly mdi ciia nha trudng da gdp ggi md mgt hudng di rat dang de suy nghi ve quan ly dai hgc" Rat tiec "Dai hgc Md Ban cong hien da trd lai gidng vdi cac trudng Dai hgc truyen thong, dieu dd da di xa muc tieu ban dau" Nen giao due md ma chiing ta mong mudn dugc nhin thay thyc te phai chang can dap ling yeu cau sau day: Md ea hdi hgc tap cho mgi ngudi, khong cd bat ky su phan biet nao ve gidi tinh, dan tpc ton giao, dang phai, phan xuat than ma xuat phat tu nhu cau hgc tap cua chinh hg Giao su, Tien sT Tran Hong Quan, Nguyen Bg trudng Bg Giao due va Dao tao da cho rang; "Nhu cau phat trien dat nude ddi hdi ngudi can cd nhung kien thiie da dgng, sau rgng va phai cap nhat thudng xuyen, dd he thong chinh quy la ciia hep Trudc day tdi da tham mpt trudng Dai hge Md d Thai Lan, vdi sd sinh vien len den 370.000 va cd nhiing ddi tugng hgc lam cho ehiing ta ngac nhien, dd la tii nhan, may ngan tii nhan theo hgc chuang trinh dao tao tu xa, hg md kenh TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP JU - TRAO DOI cho tu nhan hgc dl sau ket thiic han tu thi kha nang pham tdi it di, hg cd dieu ki?n trd mdt cong dan tdt." Nhu vay, giao due md can theo dudi phuang cham dao tao thich hgp Md rpng dau vao, kiem soat dau Quy trinh dao tao la qua trinh sang Igc lien tuc, nghiem tiic, bao dam chi nhung ngudi dii diSu kien mdi tot nghiep trudng va dl phd cap kien thiic den mpi ngudi cin sii dung phuang phap dao tao tu xa vlia hgc viia lam Theo phuang cham: "Phd cap kiln thiic den mpi ngudi dan la cai quan trgng, chii khong phai la dao tao duge bao nhieu bang cap" Hien nhiing bien tudng tieu cue cua mpt bp phan can cd bang cap d6 lam hanh trang cuoc song, gia tri dai hpc md nhu vura hpc vira lam, hpc tu xa da hi xa hpi danh gia thap Dieu dd chua diing, van de la nen giao due dd md ca hgi hgc tap cho bat ky ai, khong phan biet tudi tac, nghe nghiep va vi tri xa hpi, theo triet ly va muc dich ve giao due la hgc de biet, hgc de lam, hgc de chung song va hge de biet each ddi xu Hgc la de phat trien ngudi va tit nhiSn se gdp phan phat trien xa hgi Xem nhe xay dung giao due md se lam han hep tri thiic ngudi Kltlu^n Hon 20 nam, kinh te Viet Nam da chuyen ddi tir nen kinh te tap trung, bao cap sang nen kinh te thi trudng cd su dieu tiet cua Nha nude, hgi nhap vao nin kinh te the gidi De qua trinh hpi nhap cong, mgt nhung di8u kien ti8n quyet la phai xay dung cho dugc nin giao due md cho mgi ngudi, biln viec hpc tap cong viec sudt ddi Q cac quoc gia dang phat trien da thay ddi quan diem ve giao due: Tu mot nin giao due khep kin, chat lugng cao va chi danh cho mpt sd ddi tugng, chuyen sang nen giao due mang tinh dai ehiing, tao eho mgi ngudi cd dilu kien tiep cgn kien thuc dai hpc Khai niem "md" duge hi6u: Md rgng quy md dao tao, md rpng da dang hda hinh thiie dao tao: Tap trung chinh quy, khdng chinh quy, dao tao lai, viia hge viia lam, dao tao tir xa thong qua cong nghe truyin thong, ciu truyin hinh, mang internet, hgc toan thdi gian, hgc ban thdi gian, md rdng ddi tugng dao tao khdng phan biet tudi tac, gidi tinh, tdn giao, giai cip, va md rgng pham vi giao due: dia phuang, trung uong, qudc tl hda giao due Dac biet, giao due dai hge, viec phan tang muc tieu, chuang trinh dao tao da trd mgt xu the dap ling nhu cau nguon nhan lire da dang nen kinh te md, ben canh vdi vi|c xa hgi hda giao due Lam dugc nhu vay, chac chan tao dudng hgc van dSn tat ca mgi ngudi va dd la dudng khai tri nguon nhan luc cho dat nude, gdp phan dang ke cho su nghiep cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nude Trudng Dai hgc Kinh tl Cong nghiep Long An vdi tieu chi: "Tri hanh dgt nhan" se gdp phan cho mgi ddi tugng tinh Long An ndi rieng va toan xa hpi ndi chung, duge hgc tap sudt ddi cac chuang trinh dao tao kl ca dao tao hpc phan, tin chi, van bang 2, bdi dudng ngan han, tu xa, liSn ket Rat mong se gdp mgt phan nhd vao viee xay d^ng nin giao due md cho mgi ngudi, gdp phan phat trien ngudn nhan luc cho dit nude thdi ky hgi nhap hien Tdi lieu tham khao [1] PGS.TS Le Van Yen, Bac H6 tdm guang hoc tap sudt dai, NXB Chinh tri Qudc a - Su that TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP NGHIEN CUU-TRAO DOI [2], Cao Van Phuang (2010), Dd tung co mot dai hoc ma nhu vay, NXB Van hpc [3] PGS.TS Nguyen Dinh Noan, Hoc, hoc nua, hoc mdi — Hoc de CNH que hucmg [4] Tap chi Giao due - Xa hoi s6 dSc biet thang 9/2012 [5] (2014), Tap san Khoa hoc - Ky thuiit, NXB Nong nghiep Ngay nhan: 21/8/2014 Ngay duySt dang: 21/9/2014 TAP CHI KINH Te - CONG NGHI ... dan chiing ciia quoc gia do, phu thugc vao trinh dan tri cua moi quoc gia cao hay thap Giao due trd van dS song eon eiia moi quoc gia va nen giao due tat yeu phai la nen giao diic md Khi ta khing... toan thdi gian, hgc ban thdi gian, md rdng ddi tugng dao tao khdng phan biet tudi tac, gidi tinh, tdn giao, giai cip, va md rgng pham vi giao due: dia phuang, trung uong, qudc tl hda giao due... qua trinh lam giau kiln thute bing eon duang hgc tap su6t dcfi ciia ra6i ngudi Ngay sau Cach mang thdng c6ng, Bac da coi vi$c di?t giac d6t quan trgng va cip bdch nhu di§t giac doi, giac ngoai xSm