Tsxa^E3ES!Mmm Doi mdi viec xay dUng Chuan Giao due pho thong d nirdc ta / DdTllWOAT* Trong tien trinh ddi mdi giao due noi chung va ddi mdi giao due phd thong noi rieng theo hiidng ehudn hoa, hien dai[.]
Tsxa^E3ES!Mmm Doi mdi viec xay dUng Chuan Giao due thong d nirdc ta / DdTllWOAT* Trong tien trinh ddi mdi giao due noi chung va ddi mdi giao due phd thong noi rieng theo hiidng ehudn hoa, hien dai hoa, xa hgi hoa, dan chu hoa va hgi nhap quoc te, viec xay diing Chuan Giao due thong la mgt khau then choi Do cung chinh lit cd sd khoa hgc cho viec ddi mdi chiidng tiinh sach giao khoa giao due phd thdng giai doan sau nam 2015 d Viet Nam SUcan thiet p h i i xay diAig Chuan Giao due thong Nghi quyet Hdi nghi Trung Udng khda XI (Nghi quyet sd' 29-NQ/TW), xac dinh, mdt nhflng giai phap ddi mdi can ban, toan dien giao due vd ddo tao la, tren cd sd mue tieu dd'i mdi gido due va dao tao, can xdc dinh rd vd cdng khai muc tidu, c h u ^ d i u cua tiing bdc hpe, mdn hpc, chUdng trinh, ngdnh va chuyen ngdnh ddo tao, eoi dd la can cfl gidm sat, ddnh gid chat Ifldng giao due, dao tao De xdc dinh chuan dau eua gido due phd thflng (GDPT) ndi chung, eua tiing bac hpc, mdn hpc ndi ridng, trfldc h i t phai b^t d i u tfl viec cu the hda eae ydu cau v l ph^m chd't va ndng lfle ma hpe sinh (HS) can va ed the dat dfldc hp rdi nha trudng thdng Xdy dung chuln d i u cua GDPT la xu t h i dUdc n h i l u nUdc trdn the' gidi thUc hien Thflc tidn Viet Nam da chi rang, phai xdy dung Chuan GDPT trudc tien h a n h xdy dflng chfldng trinh GDPT Nhfl vdy, viec xdy dung Chuln GDPT la mpt khau then chd't tien t r i n h doi mdi chfldng trinh sdch giao khoa giao due thdng giai doan sau 2015 d'^^dt Nam Quan niem, vai tro, vi t r i , chuTc nang cua Chuan Giao duephothong Chuan GDPT dUdc hieu la sU eu the hda muc tieu GDPT, la k i t qua d i u Dd la sU cu the hda nhflng pham ehdi va nang Iflc ca nhdn (md hinh nhan each) ma xa hpi va nha trudng mong mudii hinh va phat trien d ngUdi hpc thdng qua qua t n n h giao due Vide xac dinh C h u l n GDPT ddi hdi phai lunh dung dUdc "chan dung" mdt HS rdi n h a trUdng thdng Dd chinh la nhflng ngfldi phat trien hai hda v l nhdn each tren n i n tang sd hiiu mdt he thflng tri thflc, ky ndng tfldng doi hodn chinh d trinh dp thdng, gdn ke't chat che vdi viec hinh t h a n h vd phat trien nhflng nang lfle chung va nang lUc chuyen bidt de hp vfla trd t h d n h nhflng cdng dan hflu ich eho xd hdi, vfla cd the t i l p tuc phat trien tUdng lai Thuat ngfl "Chuan GDPT" (school education standard) * PGS, TS, Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Vilt Nam S690| (6-2014)1 ' T I E U DIEM: G P PHAN DOI M()l CAN BAN, TOAN DifN BA£ HOC P H THONG HlfN NAY khdng dUdc sfl dung mdt each thfldng xuyen cdc tai lieu cua cdc nUdc Thdng thudng, d l bilu dat "yeu cau v l k i t qua c i n dat cua HS", ngUdi ta sfl dung cae thudt ngfl khac n h a u Vi du, "outcomes iearning^standarcis" ( c h u l n ket qua d i u ra), "performance standard" (chuln thflc hidn), "attainment targets" (chuln tich), hay "cmaHdapm oduteao oSpasoeaHua " (Chuan GDPT) Chuan d i u la cae yeu c l u mong mud'n v l nhflng gi ngfldi hpc ndn biet, hieu va cd t h i lam dUdc tai cudi mdt giai doan gido due (thudng cuoi cd'p hpc) C h u l n ndi dung la yflu cau mong mud'n v l cdc ndi dung (kid'n thflc, ky nang nhan thflc) giao due Chuan t h a n h tich Id sU cu the hda chuln ndi dung cae mflc dd khae (thd'p de'n cao) Chudn dUdc sfl dung dd Hoisinh thong tiong gid tin hoc tai Trung tamGiaoducky thuat tonghqiihu'cmgnghiepH^iniang xdc dinh cha't lUdng va tich HS d cdc ed!p dp ndng luc khac (benchmark) phai the hien nhu clu, nguydn giao due (cd sd vdt chdt, mdn hoc; xdc dinh HS phai vpng cua ca nhdn ngUdi hpc phUdng tidn day hpe, ddi ngu chflng minh the' nao de c6 t h i Chuan GDPT la cd sd xac can bd, giao vien ); bao dam thay sU tien bd cua minh Van dinh ndi dung tdi thieu bdt t i n h thd'ng nha't todn d l khdng phai la sii dung budc cua chUdng trinh GDPT; qudc, d6ng thdi cd tinh din thudt ngfl nao ma quan trpng ehudn hda "tai hpe", thdi gian dac diem cua tflng vung, la xac dinh vd thdng nhd't npi hpc tieu chuan, bao dam tinh miln, dilu kien da dang ham d l tranh viec cac chuyen vfla sflc cua tai lidu hpe tap; hoa cac k i l u hinh trfldng Idp; gia ddi c6 quan nidm vd sfl soan thao chfldng trinh cac xay dung ed sd d a n h gia kS^t dung cac t h u d t ngfl khac cd'p hpc tfl t i l u hpc d i n trung qua hpc tdp cua HS vd ddnh Chuan GDPT khflng hpc phd thdng, soan thao gia ke't qua lao ddng cua gido chi phan anh dUdc nhiing ydu chUdng t r i n h cac mdn hpc; vien dfla tren ket qua hpc tdp clu, mong mufl'n cua quoc gia, xdc dinh yeu c l u cd ban ve cua HS ddi chieu vdi Chuan; cua gia (finh vd xa hdi ma cdn dilu kidn bao dam qua trinh danh gia khdch quan trinh dfi 10 I Sd901 (6-2014) LffTiMJ^tWIIJBWJll.ljm'l kien thfle, ky nang cua mdn hpc, hoat ddng giao due ma HS c i n phai vd cd the dat dfldc" Trong chUdng trinh cua mdi cap hpc, Chudn kid'n thflc, ky nang va ydu c l u v l thai dp dUdc cu t h i hda d eac chu d l cua mdn hpc theo tiing Idp va cae linh vUe hpc tap Yeu c l u v l thai dp dfldc xac dinh cho ca cd'p hpc Nhdn thflc ve chudn dUde sang td dan ca mpt qua trinh dai, tfl quan niem chuln nhfl Id nhflng yeu c l u chung xdy dUng va phdt t r i l n chUdng trinh cho den cdch h i i u xay dung chuan la su cu t h i hda hodc tieu chi hda muc tidu, hoac chuan la kie'n thflc ky nang va thai dp dm vdi tflng mdn hpc va boat ddng cua hpc sinh gido due, ddo tao eua cdc cd sd giao due Hai giai doan cai each giao due nam 1950 vd ndm 1956 d nudc ta d i u ehua neu khai niem v l "chuln" Sau nam 1975, muc tieu cua cac cd'p hpc dUdc chu y cu t h i hda va diln dat dfldi dang eae yeu cau v l ki^n thvtc, ky nang va thai dd cho ndi dung: the gidi quan, tu tudng, chinh tri, phap ludt, dao dflc va cfl xit; van hda, khoa hpc; lao dpng, Boi canh va djnh hifdng doi mdi chuong trmh, sach giao ichoa giao due thong sau nam 2015 Giao due phd thdng d nfldc ky thudt td'ng hdp, hfldng ta tfldng lai e i n va phai nghidp (rieng vdi cdp HI cd bd' la mpt he thong gido due md sung c h u l n hi n g h i vd day va la n i n tang cua giao due nghi); the ch^t, ve sinh, qu«; sudt ddi, phue vu ddc lUc eho phdng; t h i m my yeu c l u phdt triln b i n vflng Tfl nam 2006, Chuan k i l n Mfl hinh flng thi hien se thflc, ky ndng dUdc chinh thflc thay bang mfl hinh "lam phat dfla mdt bd phan cua trien hodn toan nhiing nang chUdng t r i n h GDPT hien lfle (NL) sdn cd eua cdc em" hanh Chuin kien thde, ky Yl vdy, theo tinh t h i n cua Dfl nang va yeu ciu ve thai thao D l an "Xay dung chiiOng chUdng t r i n h GDPT trinh, sach giao khoa GDPT hidn hdnh dfldc h i i u la "eae sau nam 2015", theo dinh yeu c l u cd ban, tdi thieu v l hudng phat trien pham chat Sd90 (6-2014) I n IriEUDIEIVt: G6P PHAN D | IVldll CAimNJOANDlf NBAiC HpC PH6THdNG Hl|l4 NAY] va NL ngudi hoc, nghia la tap trung vdo xdy diing va hodn thien nhdn cdch ngUdi Viet Nam dap flng yeu clu hpi nhdp va phdt trien cua dd't nUdc dilu kidn n i n kinh td' thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chu ngMa Giao due co sfl mang ren dflc cae t h i he vd dd'i mdi ca ddn tde (ndng cao ddn tri, ddo tao nhan lUc, boi dudng nhdn tdi), dong thdi phdt trien nhdn each cho mdi cd nhan, lUu gifl va lam giau ban sdc dan tpc cdc t h i he tiep ndi Mue tieu GDPT la dao tao nhflng nien phdt trien hai hda v l t h i chat va tinh than; cd pham cha't va NL theo chuln mflc v l gia tri cua xa hdi, nhflng pham cha't, gia tri c i n nhd^n manh la: nhdn di, trung thUc va tu chu; trpng danh dU, pham gid cua minh vd cua ngUdi khac; cd trdch nhidm vd tu giac thUc hien bdn phan doi vdi gia dinh, tap thip cpng ddng va d^t nUdc Nhiing NL can nhd'n manh la: cac NL chung can thid't cuoc sdhg (sang tao, hdp tac, tu hpc, phdt hien va giai quyet vdn dl, ) vd cac NL chuyen bidt (lien quan chat che vdi cac linh vflc hpe tdp) Cac p h l m eha't va NL tren can dUdc hinh thdnh vd phdt trien tren n i n tang kid'n thflc, ky nang phd' thdng cd ban bao dam cho sfl phat t r i l n hoan toan nhiing tilm ndng sdn ed 12 I S6901(6-2014) cua mdi ea nhdn; lam can cfl cho viec Ifla chpn n g h i nghiep Vdi giao due tieu hgc: Muc tidu dao tao la HS dfldc phdt trien hai hda v l t h i cha't vd tinh t h i n ; cd thai dp vd ky nang flng xfl phfl hdp vdi vi t h i gia dinh, nha trudng va cdng dong xa hpi; biet phan bidt h a n h ddng dung, sai; that tha, thdn va manh dan giao tie'p; dUdc phdt triln v l NL nghe, ndi, dpc, vidt va tinh todn d l cd t h i flng dung thdnh thao sinh hoat hdng ngay; c6 nhflng h i i u bid't ban d i u v l ngudi, xd hpi va tU nhien; budc d i u biit each tfl hpc; bidt gifl gin vd sinh va ren luyen than the; lam quen vdi lao ddng va yeu thich lao dpng; budc d i u dUdc phdt trien nhflng tiem nang san co lao ddng va flng dung dU(jc cudc song hdng ngay; c6 nhiing hieu biit ban dau vl kj thuat va hfldng nghiep; budc d i u phat triln eac ndng khilu va sd thich rieng | Vdi giao due THFT HS tilp tuc dUdc phat triln hdi hoa ve t h i chat va tinh t h i n tren cfl sd tri vd cung co eac ph^m chlCt va NL dd hinh b THCS; la nhflng nien co pham c h i t vd NL theo chuln j mflc v l gia tri cua xa hoi; co I dflc tinh nhan ai, trung thitc va tfl chu; biet trpng danh dii, I p h l m gid cua minh vd ciia ngfldi khde; cd trach nhidm va tfl giac thflc hidn bon phdn doi vdi gia ^ n h , tdp t h i , cpng I ding va ddi nfldc; c6 hd tho'ng I k i l n thflc phd thflng cd ban dfldc dinh hudng theo linh vUc ' nghe nghidp phfl hdp vdi nang I khie'u va sd thich ma HS tii chpn; dUdc phat triln cac ky nang chu yeu de tilp tuc hgc ldn hodc bUdc vao eudc sfi'ng lao dpng; dupe phdt trien tSi da nhiing tilm nang sdn c6 V& giao due trung hge cd sd: HS tilp tuc dUdc phat t r i l n hdi hda ve t h i chd't va tinh than tren cd sd tri va cung cd' cac pham chat va NL da hinh ci cd'p t i l u hpc, cd dflc tinh nhdn ai, trung thflc va tu chu; biit trpng danh dfl, Cac linh vUc hoc tap phdm gia cua minh va cua chuomg trinh giao due ngfldi khac; cd y thflc traeh thong Viet Nam sau nam 2015 nhidm va tu giac thuc hidn Mdt cdc cau hdi c6^t bd'n phdn doi vdi gia (finh, tdp ldi dat r a la day cai gi the, edng dong va da't nude n h a trudng phd thdng, hay theo yeu clu phfl hdp vdi Ifla ndi khae di la can xac dinh tuoi; c6 he thd'ng k i l n thfle phd ndi dung hpc vd'n phd' thdng? thdng cd ban tfldng doi hoan Cd t h i noi, ddy la vd'n de chinh c i n t h i l t cho mdi ngfldi quan trpng hang d i u xdy sd'ng xa hdi hien dai; cd dung chUdng trinh GDPT D^ eac ky ndng giao tie'p, hpc tap xdc (£nh ndi dung day hpe nfa TSX^SIOESm^ ehung hay ndi dung day hpc cdc mon hpc cu the ehUdng t r i n h GDPT n6i ridng, can ed nhflng nghien cflu nghiem tuc, cd tinh dd'n dilu kidn cu t h i v l van hda, xa hdi va dac d i l m cua HS Viet Nam De dfla phfldng an xay dung nfli dung day hpc cho nha trudng phd thong theo hudng tie'p cdn NL, c i n xem xet cu the nhflng dac diem cua mdi yd'u to' eua ndi dung day hpc Trfldc ddy, lUa chpn ndi dung day hpc cho nha trudng phd thflng chu trpng nhieu hdn de'n he tho'ng cae tri thflc Theo quan dilm tilp cdn NL, vide lua chpn he tho'ng tri thflc, ky nang dUa vao ndi dung day hpc nha trUdng phd thdng phai xua't phat tfl cd'u true cua cac NL dinh hinh va phat trien d HS va cai dich cud'i cung la phai hinh dfldc cdc NL d cac em D l xac dinh ndi dung hpc vd'n phd thdng e i n xud't phat tfl vfl'n tri thflc van hda - xa hdi (kinh nghiem xa hdi cua nhdn loai), cdn efl muc tieu giao due va hd thd'ng quan diem sU pham, xua't phat tfl cd'u true ciia cae NL can hinh t h a n h va phat t r i l n d HS Tren cd sd d6, tiln hdnh tinh tddn, chpn Ifla, xii ly sU pham de dua vdo n h a trfldng phd thong, thflng qua mdt he thd'ng eac linh vUc hpc tdp mon hpc vd boat ddng giao due Tiln trinh va nhiing yeu eau dUdc phan anh Chuan GDPT, bdi le d l xdy dung Chuln GDPT, mpt cac cdng vide c i n thiet la chi cdc ngudn va d l xud't cac nguyen tde, cac tieu chuan de lUa chpn ndi dung day hpc Vl vdy, Chuan GDPT phai phan anh dUdc: - Nhflng gid tri ed ban cua ddn tpc, cua d i t nUde dUdc luu gifl truyen thong van hda, lich sfl cua ddn tde, cua gia (finh, dUdc lifu t r u y i n tfl ddi sang ddi khde, tfl the hd sang t h i hd khac, bao dam cho sfl phdt trien ciia da't nudc thdi ky hien dai Nhflng ky ndng h a n h ddng phd quat ma qua trinh gido due can hinh thdnh cho ngudi hpc, bao gom: cdc dang hoat ddng hpc tap, nhan thflc va giao tie'p, tfldng thich vdi yeu c l u ve ke't qua gido due dUdc ndu C h u l n GDPT - He thd'ng nhflng tri thflc khoa hpc n i n tang mang tinh chd't phUdng phdp ludn nhd't thid't phai dUdc nghidn cflu nha trudng phd thflng Dd la nhiing sU kien, khai nidm, y tudng, phUdng phap, ly thuyelt, dinh ly (thdm chi, k l ea la nhflng tinh cha't phd quat lien quan de'n cae linh vUc tri thflc va van hod chuyen biet) bdt budc phai dflde dUa vao nghien cflu n h a trfldng phd thdng Nhiing tri thflc khoa hpc phd thdng nay, neu t h i l u sU hieu b i i t v l chung hoac khdng dUdc ldm quen d mpt mflc dp nao day, thi cd thd ndi nhflng HS d the' ky XXI khdng the dUdc coi la cd du tri thfle de cd t h i tid'p tuc dUdc qua trinh giao due va phat tridn nhdn each Nha trfldng phd thdng co nhidm vu trang bi cho HS cdc y l u to' van hda dd thdng qua qua trinh day hpc c6 muc dich, cd k l hoach, cd he thdng, dUdc tinh todn chpn Ipc Tiiy nhien, nha trfldng khdng t h i dap iing ta't ca mpi nhu clu cua cd nhdn ngfldi hpc, cua gia (finh va xa hdi, md chi cd t h i eung cd'p cho ngudi hpc nhflng tri thflc n i n tang cua hpc van phd thdng Dd'i vdi moi eon ngfldi, hpc vdn thdng cd dUdc khdng chi la k i t qua cua giao due nha trUdng ma cdn la ke't qua ciia giao due ngoai nha trudng; d6 khdng chi la to'ng sd' nhflng tri thflc, ky ndng md cdn la hd thd'ng eac pham chat, NL can thiet Npi dung day hpc d nha trudng phd thdng dUdc to chflc theo hai giai doan: giai doan Giao due cd sd (cd ban, bdt budc) va giai doan Sau Gido due cd sd, chuan hi cho HS di vao cudc song, hpc nghi, hodc hpc len cao dang, dai hpc (5 giai doan Giao due cd sd, HS dUdc t i l p n h a n nhflng k i l n thflc, ky nang phd thdng cd ban c i n thid't eho mfli ngudi sfl'ng xa hdi hidn dai Thanh p h i n edt ldi cua ndi dung day hpc phai la cac S690 i (6-2014) I ^ ^ j f Tiiu OIEM: G P P H A N D | KKSTI CANCAN, TOAN Dl|NBi^C HOC PHOTHONG HIEN NAY[ kiln thflc, ky nang ein thiet cho cudc sd'ng hien tai eua HS vd cudc sdiig sau vdi tU each la mdt cong dan binh thudng giai doan Sau Giao due cd sd, ndi dung day hpc c i n dUdc td chfle cae mdn hpc vd hoat dpng gido due vdi nhilu phUdng an thUc hidn d l tao nhilu ed hdi lUa chpn cho HS phu hdp vdi kha nang, sd thich va dieu kien hpe tap eu the eua cae em Ndi dimg day hpc khdng dp dung dong loat eho mpi HS, cd nhieu phUdng dn thUc hien de tao nhilu cd hdi Ifla chpn choHS Cdn cfl du kieh thdi Ifldng cd the ddnh cho day hpe, nha trfldng xdc (hnh nhflng linh vflc hpc tdp cd't loi va t h i hien d mdt sd' mdn hpc va boat ddng giao due Cdc yeu eau vd y tudng ndi trdn dUdc cu t h i hoa thdng qua mdt ke hoach giao due nham dinh hudng td chflc ndi dung day hpc d nha trfldng phd thdng De xuat Chuan Giao due thdng sau nam 2015 Vide xdc dinh Chuan GDPT ddi hdi phai neu len dUdc nhiing yeu td'cu thi, can thiet, nhiing bieu Men cd t h i quan sat v l pham chd't va NL cua HS phd thdng sau cac giai doan hpc tdp Trdn ed sd cae ket qua ngMen cflu va tham khao kinh nghidm quoc t l , chflng tdi budc d i u d l xuat Chuan GDPT sau 2015, the 14 I Sd90,(6-2014) hien trdn ba phUdng dien: p h l m chd't, NL chung, NL chuyen biet Cu t h i : Pham chat: GDPT Mnh vd phat t r i l n d HS nhflng p h l m chdt dao dflc cd't loi, nhiing hanh vi flng xfl phfl hdp va y thflc phap ludt cdng dan, dfldc t h i hien b nhiing tieu cM sau: Yeu gia (finh, que hfldng, dd't nude; nhdn di, khoan dung, quan he t h a n tMen vdi ngudi va mdi trudng tfl nhien; trung thUc hpc tdp va eae md'i quan hd; c6 trdch nhidm vdi ban than, gia dinh, edng ddng va xa hpi; tfl chu, tfl tin va ed tinh t h i n vfldt khd; chd'p hanh phdp ludt, ndi quy, quy dinh ndi cdng cpng Nang luc chung: GDPT hinh thdnh va pbat trien d hpe sinh nhflng NL chung cd't loi, c i n thiet cho mdi ngudi hpc tap vd cupc sd'ng, bao gdm: NL hpc tap chung, cd ban (tu hpe, hpc each hpc); NL tu duy; N L t h u thdp (tim kilm, td ehflc), xfl ly thdng tin; NL phat hidn va giai quylt van d l ; NL giao tilp; NL hdp tac; NL tu quan ly va phat triln ban than Nang lUc chuyen bi$t dUde hinh thanh, phdt trien thong qua cac linh vflc hpc tap: Ngdn ngfl (Tieng Viet - Ngoai ngfl); Toan; Khoa hpc tfl nhien; Khoa hpc xa hdi va Nhdn van; Cdng nghd; Nghe thuat; Dao dflc - Giao due cdng dan; Gido due t h i chd't Trong bm eanh xay dung Chfldng trinh GDPT nham dap flng yeu cau ddi mdi cdn ban, toan dien n i n giao due, vdi eae Idp ludn da neu d tren ehung tdi xiu khuyen nghi: Mgt la, xem xet ddi m6i muc tidu GDPT dap flng yeu eau dd'i mdi can ban todn dien n i n giao due cung nhu yeu c l u xdy dung chUdng tnnh, sdeh giao khoa GDPT sau 2015 ifai ia, xdy dUng Chuan GDPT eho tiing cap hpc tnfdc xdy dUng chUdng trinh GDPT (tranh each ldm ngiidc la xay dUng chUdng trinh, xac dinh ndi dung, phfldng phap rdi mdi xdy dflng Chuln) Chuan dudp cu the hda thong qua viee tieu chi hda va xac dinh cd'p dp thuc hidn cua yeu c l u ve pham cha't, NL chung, NL chuyen biet (the hidn qua ky nang, thai h a n h ddng va tri thflc linh viic hpe tdp mdn hpe) Ba la, kM xay dflng Chfldng trinh GDPT, c i n xdy dflng C h u a n eua tflng mdn hoc (xuydn suot theo cMlu dpc tii Idp dfldi ldn Idp trdn) va can nhdc, xem xet xdy dflng chuan d tflng Idp hpe (ngang theo tflng linh vUc, tfliig nhdm m5n hpe ed tflng Idp hpc) Boh la, nhflng d l x u i t vl Chuln GDPT can phai cd tiiih kha tM, hiiu ieh cho viec chula hi xay dung chUdng trinh va sach giao khoa GDPT Viet Nam sau nam 20151 ... thfldng xuyen cdc tai lieu cua cdc nUdc Thdng thudng, d l bilu dat "yeu cau v l k i t qua c i n dat cua HS", ngUdi ta sfl dung cae thudt ngfl khac n h a u Vi du, "outcomes iearning^standarcis" (... "outcomes iearning^standarcis" ( c h u l n ket qua d i u ra), "performance standard" (chuln thflc hidn), "attainment targets" (chuln tich), hay "cmaHdapm oduteao oSpasoeaHua " (Chuan GDPT) Chuan... hda "tai hpe", thdi gian dac diem cua tflng vung, la xac dinh vd thdng nhd''t npi hpc tieu chuan, bao dam tinh miln, dilu kien da dang ham d l tranh viec cac chuyen vfla sflc cua tai lidu hpe tap;