NGHIEN Cinj& UNG DUNG BIEN PHAP N A N G C A O HIEU QUA DAY HOC CAC BAI HAT THIEU N H I CHO HOC SINH LQP I Tre mam non va hpc sinh (HS) cic ldp dau bac Tieu hpc ludn hiing thii vdi boat dpng vui chai,[.]
NGHIEN Cinj& UNG DUNG BIEN PHAP N A N G C A O HIEU QUA DAY HOC CAC BAI H A T THIEU N H I CHO HOC SINH LQP I Tr^n HfiTi Y Tru&ng Dgi hgc Suphgm - Dgi hgc Hui Tre mam non va hpc sinh dikxi vd ciing thu vj Cic em hda Nhieu GV thudng go dan theo (HS) cic ldp dau bac Tieu hpc minh vio nhirng giai dipu du giai dieu ciia bai hat, roi sau ludn hiing thii vdi boat dpng ducmg, tiep nhan ldi hit nhanh mdi tien hinh hit mau cau hat vui chai, ca hat Cic bai hat chdng, hieu qua gid hpc vi the se day Thuc te cung cho thiy thieu nhi khdng chi mang den ma dupe nang cao De c6 dupe cd nhieu GV trinh bay hat mau cho HS nhiing giai dieu dep dieu do, CO the chi can bat diu thieu chuin xac v i HS da ma md rpng trudc mat cic bang mpt bai hat tap tbS, mpt "thupc long" vdi cich hit thiSu em chan trdi khat vpng, udc ban nhac tuoi vui Giao vien chuan xac ciia GV thi viec sira ma Tu nhung tien de li luan (G V) cung cd the vdi kT nang su sai l i dieu rat khd khan Dieu ve phucmg phip day hpc am pham cua minh md diu tiet hpc khdng nhiing tieu tdn nhieu nhac va thuc tien day hpc cic bang mpt miu truyen ngan, hai thdi gian m i cdn tic dpng den bai hat thieu nhi cho HS ldp d hudc va dl ddm ve nhac sT, tam Ii cua ngudi hpc, giam uy trudng tieu hpc, chung tdi budc ve hoan canh ddi bii hat hay tin ciia ngudi day dau de xuat mpt so bien phap ve mpt nhan vat dang yeu Diing truac rnpt "tac pham nham nang cao chat lupng, tie pham am nhac cac em sap am nhac", HS can dupe lang bieu qui day hpc npi dung nay, kham pha Va ciing se rat hap nghe, cim nhan va co dupe hudng tdi hoan thien muc tieu dan neu nhap de bang mpt cau nhiing chi dan, dinh huong giao due toan dien hien do, mpt tro chai nhe nhang chuan muc Ngay d lan hat Tao lap khong am Vdi net "phac thao" mang mau trinh dien gidi thieu bai hat, nhac m a d i u tiet sac am nhac do, khong gian se cd the chpn "mau" tir bp bang nhu vd ra, mpi ngudi se hoa dia Bp GD-DT phat hanh hpc Trong qua trinh tiep can chung niem vui va song that su bdi day c6 the xem la nhung chuin muc ma GV can chu y thuc te day hpc, chiing tdi nhan Cling am nhac thay, d ldp 1, mpt sd tiet Chuan mu-c hat mau khai thic Ddi vdi HS ldp 1, cin dam b i o day du cac hoat Am nhac dupe md dau bang va hirdng dan HS nhirng hinh thiic kha budn te, Trong chuang trinh ldp 1, dpng day hpc: (1) Hit miu bai kho khan, nang ne Nhiing cac bai hat thudng cd cau true hat; (2) Gd lai giai dieu cua bai hiing khdi ddi vdi am nhac dem gian, dung luang ngan gpn, hat tren nhac cu da dupe Uang dudng nhu bi "mai mdn" bdi de thupc,^ de nhd Npi dung cac bi; (3) Hit miu timg cau hat cac quy dinh, bdi nhirng ldi bai hat de cap den moi quan he tir dSn lin, go lai giai dieu nhdc nha vdi gipng dieu, sac gin giii giiia nhiing ngudi than cua cau hit tren dan va yeu thai manh me, ciing nhac HS gia dinh, ban be, thi^ ciu HS thpic hanh hit Khi hat "ddng Cling" lai nhiing cd giio Ca tir mpc mac, de miu, lam mau cho HS, GV chi hinh thiic khdi dpng lap di lap hieu Day co the xem la mpt nen gidi ban pham vi phu lai Cam xuc tree va su thuan lpi day hpc Tuy hop cua mpt dem vi cau true am hdn nhien, khat khao hda minh nhien, mpt so GV lai vi the ma nhac, khdng lim mau qua dai vao am nhac ciia cac ein chinh to chil quan hit gidi thieu hoic qua ngan so vdi mpt cau vi the ciing giam di phan nao; bai hit, thuc hien cac boat dpng true chiing ta se day, nham t^o ddng thdi vdi nd la mpt tam the day hpc mpt each qua loa, gian dupe su tip trung thuan lpi cho tiSp nhan bai hpc mdi khdng luac, voi vang Ngoii ra, viec q u i trinh tilp thu cua HS._ nhieu '1ua" nhu ki vpng tien hanh hat m i u cdn c6 hien Chuin muc hat miu va Tao dupe khdng am tuong tiiy tien phucmg hudng din HS dem lai hieu nhac tir md dau tiet phip, phd bien l i tinh trang qua khdng nhd v i la each Iam hpc bang hinh thtrc sinh dpng, di ngupc lai vdi qui trinh dac khoa hpc nhit, tilt kiem thai nhe nhang se dem d i n nhiing thu day hpc bp mdn am nhac gian tip luypn Thuc hien tot Ngdy nh?n bdi 20/02/2013; Ngdy duy?t dang 25/4/2013 • TAP CHI THIFT Bj GIAO DUC - SO 93 - 05/2013 NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG bi§n phap niy, chiing ta khdiig nhiing giiip HS nhd bii tdt, khac siu in tupng ve ciu hit, ve giai dieu m i cdn phit triin nang luc cim thy, hinh y thiic thim ray lanh manh Hinh tupng nghg thuat ciing nhd the trd nen trpn ven ban tam hon HS, neo diu liu hon "ddi sdng am nhac" ciia tre tho Chu4n bi v i p h i t huy tot vai tro cua cac diing d^y hpc Hi^n nay, cac phuong tien nghe nhin nhu Tivi, diu may Cassette, diu dia CD, diu may Video, diu dia VCD - E)VD deu da duac trudng tieu hpc trang bi mpt each dong bp Mac dii vayj nhin chung, thiet bi day hpc hiu nhu khdng dupe sir di^g rpng rai, phii hpp, khdng tao dupe hieu qui day hpc Nguyen nhan ciia thuc tiln tren mpt phan la nang luc su dung thiet hi cua GV cdn han che; tam ly ngai sir dung nhiing thiet bi dien tOr phiic tap; mpt so GV thi cho ring mang theo may mdc se khien cac thao tic day hpc trd nen roi, "lupm thupm" Viy lim gi de su dung phdi hop mpt cich thuin thuc cd tinh nghe thuat cac trang thiet bi, dung day hpc trorig len ldp? Tnrdc het, GV can phai tim hieu mpt each cp the ve tinh nang, tic dung, hieu qua sii dung ddi vdi tung loai trang thiet bi, db dung day hpc; timg budc tien hinh luyen tap, sir dung d l dat din dp thuan thuc Sau dd can len ke hoach sir dung cac dung, trang thiet bi mpt each chu dao, khoa hpc, cd hipu qui, phu hap vdi timg thdi dilm tiet day c i n nhin thiic ro ring rang, viec sii dung dd dung, trang thilt bi day hpc khdng phii chi dimg lai vdi chiic nang li phuang tipn dgy hpc cd tinh true quan dom thuan niia day, llnh v\rc nghe thuat, thdi dai kT thuat sd, dieu cd y nghTa vi^c khang dinh su ham chiia day thu vi cic loai hinh nghe thuat d mpt miic dp chpn Ipc nhit, tinh hoa nhit Van dyng linh hoat cic phmmg phap to chiic gitr hoc theo hiniiig tich hgrp va phat huy tinh tich cy-c cua HS Giao yien day nhac d cac trudng tieu hpc da cd nhieu cii thien ve trinh dp i m nhac, the hien long nhiet tinh, s\r tam huyet song vin thiiu kinh nghiem khau thiet ke va td chiic hoat dpng day hpc Cung cin luu y rang, am nhac khong phai la loai hinh nghe thuat ca hit dan dieu bang viec phat nhiing am dan thuan De the hien c6 hieu qua loai hinh nghe thuat niy, can phil van dung them yeu to diSn cam, dien xuit Ndi each khac, phai chii y ve hai kha nang nghe - nhin nham tang cudng tinh true quan hpe tap mdn am nhac cho HS Ben canh viec truyen thu cho HS npi dung bai hat, each hat, each go phach, go nhip va cac budc hudng din can dupe thuc hien mot cich nhip nhang de cac em dan dan cd su chinh xac vl eao dp, trudng dp, dieu thiic, nhip dp Lam de ngudi hpc thiy rang minh la "nhin vat chinh" mpi boat dpng, dupe true tiep the hien v i trinh bay Ndi each khic, GV cin tao nen mpt sin choi qui trinh hpc tap nghe thuat bdi dieu se hip dan va tao hiing thu cho HS ldp Ddng hanh vdi i m nh^c, day HS ckc bai hat thieu nhi, GV co the cung cic em suu tam them tranh anh de minh hpa them cho bai hit Lira chpn va da dang cic hinh thiic td chiic day hpc nhu thi hat cic nhdm, cic dpi, ket hpp mua, nhiy van dpng phu hpa cung nhit dinh gay an tupng va dupe HS ddn nh^n nhiet tinh Lac quan danh gii, chii y nhan manh m$t cong cua HS Mpt diia tre khong bao gid dupe treo tranh tren tudng hpc chi vi "ve qui ngo v i qui xau" se din sp hai gid hpc MT thuat Nhirng nhan xet kieu nhu "Em hoan toan khong co nang lire ca hat!", "Sao em co the hat nhu the nhi?" se day HS xa dan nhiing gio hpc hat HS ldp dang bude tir mdt sin chai rpng ldn vao mpt moi trudng hoe tap that su Mac du vay, cin nhe nhang kiem tra, danh gia doi vdi cac em Can ghi nhan su no lire ciia HS, dau chi vdi viec ngai khen cie em da "thupe ldi nhanh", "hat dung giai dieu" Doi dd la nhiing ldi nhin xet diu ding ve chat gipng, ve nang bieu cam the hien Tien hanh can dong dem "nang lire", "trinh dp" am nhac doi vdi Ilia tuoi len sau, Ign bay bang nhirng hinh thirc kiem tra may moc, nang ne can thay bang nhirng ldi dpng vien hay mpt cai nhin khieh le Nhiing tie dpng su pham thuc sir rat CO y nghta doi vdi HS, tiep them sire manh giiip cie em vupt qua khd khan de dat duac ket qua eao nhu mong muon Ket luan: Am nhac luon mang den nhiing niem hiing khdi cho eupe sdng Cic bai hit thieu nhi luon dupe tre em don nhan, (xem tiep trang 7) TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 93 - 05/2013 • v i sau ban, CNTT da tgo dupe nin ting tdt, phd csip Trung hpc ca sd da hoin thinh^ phd cap Tieu hpc dung dp mdi dat dupe 82% Bdi dudng giio vi§n v i hi6u trudng da lam tot, nam tdi md rpng ddi tupng hieu phd, trien khai thyc hipn cic miic chuin nghe nghiep, chuin cdng tic quin ly." Trong bdi cinh hi^n nay, giio dye noi ehung, quin ly Nhi nude ve giio dye Tiiu hpc ndi rieng phii cd mpt cii nhin nghiem tuc, dac bipt li cd sy dinh gii khich quan d l cd the hudng tdi muc tieu thyc chit, chin nen giio dye qudc dan, tao chuyeri bien can bin va toin dien ve chucmg trinh, npi dung, phuang phap, hinh thiic td chiic day hpc, he thdng quy md, mang ludi trudng ldp, die biet la ddi mdi triet de he thong quan ly N h i nude ve giio dye ndi chung va giio dye Tieu hpc ndi rieng T i i li^u tham k h i o Chien lupc phat triin giio dye 2011 - 2020 (Ban hdnh kem theo Quyet dinh so Jll/QD-TTg ngdy 13 thdng ndm 2012 cda Thu tu&ng Chinh phu) Hpc vi?n Hinh chinh qudc gia, Giao trinh quin li Nha nude ve van hda, giio dye, y te NXB Dai hoc Qude gia H.2002 S.H, H i Npi tuyen ducmg cic nha giao miu myc, http://dantri.eom.vn/ giaoduckhuyenhoc, 2012 Hoc vipn Quan li giio dye, Khoa quin li, Bii giang hpc phin "Quan li nha nude vl giao dye" H 2009 Srem, Quin li nhi nude ve Giio dye, NXB Din tri BIEN PHAP N A N G CAO the hien nhu "thda man com kbit nhiing dilu huyln di?u" (Vera Baclay} Dgy bii hit cho HS ldp can dupe md diu bang mpt khdng i m nhac v i cimg vdi hinh trinh day thi vi cua nd, cin hudng den mot cich ket thiic treo, nhe nhang nhit Vdi cic bipn phip CO bin neu tren, chiing toi hi vpng hipu qui dgy hpc cac bii hit thiiu nhi cho HS ldp ndi rieng, HS tieu hpc ndi chung se thyc sy dupe ning cao Tai lieu tham khao Nguyin Minh Toan, Nguyin Hoinh Thdng, Nguyin D i e Quynh, Am nhgc vd phuang phdp dgy hgc Am nhgc, NXB Giio dye, 2000 Hoing Long (chii biSn) - Dang Van Bdng - Tran Dung - Nguyin Thi Ngpc Hoa - Bui Anh Tdn, Am nhac vd phucmg phdp dgy hgc Am nhgc, NXB Giao dye, 2007 t r i n Him Y, Phuang phdp dgy hgc Am nhgc & truang Tieu hgc, Dai hpc Su phgm Hul, 2000 Hoing Long (chii bien) Le Minh Chau - Le Diie Sang - Le Anh Tuin, Hoi ddp ve dgy hgc mdn Am nhgc & cdc ldp 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, NXB Giao dye, 2006 Maurice Chevais, Educasion musicale del'enfance (Giio dye Am nhac cho tre em) & L'art d'enseigner (Nghe thugt giing day), ( D Manh Thudng dich), Alphonse Leduc 175 Rue Saint - Honore a Paris 8/2010 _ Bp GD&DT, "Hpi nghj trien khai ehiln lupe phit triin giio dye v i kit luan 51-KL/ TW" H.2013 5.UBND Thanh phd Ha Npi, Chien lupe phit triin kinh te - xa hpi Thii H i Noi thdi ky 2001-2010 Summary This article introduced measures to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of state administration of primary education Hanoi First, the authors provide content management state of primary education, followed by the advantages and limitations of primary education Hanoi Finally, seven solutions to overcome these limitations exist in primary education Hanoi (tiep trang 3) Summary Our comprehensive survey of teaching music for grade in some primary schools- the spontanuos and interesting playground for children finds out some issues which needs seriously considering Observing the way to start a music period and song performance, the use of teaching instruments and the choice of teaching methods as well as the ways of evaluation, we can see several considerate gaps That's the reason why a proposal for taking a basic five- means system is suggested so that we can increase the effeciency of teaching children songs for grade pupils in particular and for primary ones in general TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 93-05/2013 • ... quan hpe tap mdn am nhac cho HS Ben canh viec truyen thu cho HS npi dung bai hat, each hat, each go phach, go nhip va cac budc hudng din can dupe thuc hien mot cich nhip nhang de cac em dan dan... Am nhac luon mang den nhiing niem hiing khdi cho eupe sdng Cic bai hit thieu nhi luon dupe tre em don nhan, (xem tiep trang 7) TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 93 - 05/2 013 • v i sau ban, CNTT... rieng T i i li^u tham k h i o Chien lupc phat triin giio dye 2 011 - 2020 (Ban hdnh kem theo Quyet dinh so Jll/QD-TTg ngdy 13 thdng ndm 2 012 cda Thu tu&ng Chinh phu) Hpc vi?n Hinh chinh qudc gia, Giao