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BICnPHOPnnnGCHOHPQUODHVflOCTICnGUIGTCHOHOCSinHLOPS TAI CAC TiNH PHJA NAM CUA CONG HOA DAN CHU NHAN DAN LAO TiiS N G U Y E N THI S A M * D ay hpc (DH) tieng Viet (TV) dcae tn/dng tieu hpe tai cae tinh phia Nam cua Cong hda dan ehu nhan dan Lao (Nam Lao) la DH mdt ng6n ngu thd hai khdng dupc giao tiep thudng xuyen, mptngoai ngudupe nang dan len vetan suatsu dung eho hpc sinh (HS) cap tieu hoc DH TV qua giao tiep va bang giao tiep mdi la each DH hieu qua nhat Giao tiep bao gom ca dang ndi va dang viet, vi the van dehinh vaphattrien kTnang dpc cdvitriratquan trpng DH TV cho HS tieu hpe, bdi dpc la hoat dpng giao tiep bing ehd viet va la hoat dpng ti€^ nhan Idi noi, Trong giaidoan hien nay, chuong trinh TV dupe daydNamLaoehuyeutdldp1denldp5r6idunglai,cd nghla la HS hpc het ldp xem nhu da lot nghiep" mon TV Thuc te eho thay sau hpc xong ldp 5, v l n eon rat nhieu HS dpc TV chua tot, Chinh vi the, viec xay dung bi$n phap nang cao hieu quaday dpcTV cho HS ldp tai cac tinh Nam Lao trdn§n that sucan thiet dung ehuan chinh am TV Van tinh trang thieu GV day TV Odi sdng GV gap nhieu khd khan, phu thupe vao kha nang thu hpe phi td phy huynh nen phai lam them nghe phu de dam bao cupc sdng; - ST so ldp tren dudi 40 HS nen gay khd khan cho viee day doe phan hda ddi tupng; - So tiet hpe dpc TV chi mdi td -3 tiet/tuan; - Nha tardng chua cddleu kien dau tu eo sd vat chat, trang thiet bj eho day dpc TV Cd nhieu yeu tdtac dpng viec day dpc TV, do, lua ehpn npi dung dpc, xac djnh yeu cau kT riang dpc va each thue giang day cua GV ed vai trd rait k^ dd'i vdi hi§u qua day dpc TV cho HS ldp tai cae tinh Nam Lao bjco HS xin vao hpe gida chdng (khdng phaitd ldp 1) nen khdng cd kien thdc phat am (danh van) TV trude vao hpc ldp c; Nhieu HS mac l6i ve dpc dung anh hudng cua each phat am tieng Lao va bien the phuong ngd TV Cuthe: Thuc trang day dpc TV cho HS idp tai cac tinh Nam Lao 1) Thuc trang: a) Thuan Idi - Viec DH TV noi ehung, day dpc TV ndi rieng dupc Ban giam hieu nha trudng, Hpi ngudi Viet Nam d nude ngoai, cae cap quan li tai dia phuong quan tam; - Dpi ngu G V day TV tam huyet vdi nghe nghiep: - Nhieu phy huynh tha thiet cho hpc TV; - Co che cua dpc; binh dien am thanh, nqQ nghTa ciia ngon ngi/ gii/a TV va tieng Lao cd nhieu di§'m tuong ddng b) Kho IthSn: - B a so HS it hdng thu vdi mdn TV; • Co khdng it HS Idp phai danh van hoae khdng danh van 6uqc gid dpc TV; - Nhieu HS mac Idi ve dpc dung; • Nhieu GV Ithong qua dao tao nghiep vy supham day TV hoae dupc dao tao nhung khdng chinh quy, khdng dat chua'n Nhieu G V phat am khong 2) Nguyen nhan: a^Trong giaidoan hien Bp GD-OT Viet Nam chua ed tai lieu chinh thdng phii hop vdi DH TV dcae trudng tieu hpc tai Lao Cae van ban day dpc TV eho HS Idp dcae tinh Nam Lao thucfiig dupe cae GV lay tusachTV3tap1 eua Bp GD-OT va them mptsdbai td sach TV vul.quyen 1.2 (sach Uiunghiem) Docac van ban thucffig dai, nhieu tungukhd ddi vdi kha nang tiep thu eua HS nen HS ngai dpc va it hao hdng vdi viec dpc TV - H S mac toi ve dpc dung anh hudng cua each phat am tieng Lao: + Ope khdng diing phy am dau: r _> j( tr -»tdid, q->ng;+ Ope khdng diing van: eac van ed "a" (ay -> c/; an -> on, am - > om, anp -> cmg, ac -> dc, ap - > dp) Ngoai ra, cdn co cac van.'oc -^ ooc, de -> doc, ong -> oong, ong -> dong, enh -> ing; au -> au; + Dpc khdng diing dieu: s i c -* nang, nga -^ ngang, huyen, ngang -> nang - HS mac loi ve dpc dung anh hudng phat am bien the phuong ngu eua ngudi goc Viet (djnh cu td cactinh:Hue,Quang Binh, Quang Tri,DaNang)dtai dia phuong: + Dpc khdng diing van: anh -> an, inh ->• in, oanh - > oan, ong -> ong; + Ope khdng diing dieu: nga - > hoi/sic/nang 'Tnrong Tieu hoc Hufu Nghj, Pakse • Champasac - CHDCND lao Tap chi Gido due so 310 | 27 (ki2-5/2013)- d) Nhieu HS m l c Idi ve dpc dung eon GV dpc m l u chua ehinh xac theo hethd'ng ehuan ehinh am TV, e^Ope to tieng la co sd nen tang cua dpc nham, dpc tham Hoat dpng doc cua HS Idp dcae tinh Nam Lao ehu yeu la hinh thdc doe to tieng Trong hinh thue dpc to tieng, HS can dupe uu tien hinh va phat tnen kTnang dpc dung (dpc rd tieng, rd kji, diing ehinh am) roi mdi den dpc nhanh (dpc luu loat), sau nua la ngltglpng, ngddieu, cudng dp, cao dd phii hpp vdi bai doc, Mpt nghjCh li thuc te laG V ldp thudng chu trpng den giai nghTa td, nang ve khai ^ a c ndi dung bai roi den toe dp dpc ma it ehii y den ren doe diing g) Mpi ehi phi cua nha trudng deu phy thupc vao nguon hpc phi ddng gdp khiem ton tdphy huynh nen nha tnidng chua ed dieu kien dau tu eo sd vat chat, trang thiet bj cho day dpc TV, Bien phap nang cao hieu qua day dpc TV cho HS ldp tai cac tinh Nam Lao 1) Xay di/ng ngi dung va xae dinh yeu cau kT nang phti hgp a) Xay dung ngi dung bai dgc TV eho HS Idp 5: - Bai dpc can dupc phan chia theo tiet hpc (mdi tiet hpe tu35 den 45 phiit), m6i bai ed so lupng td80 den 100 chu; - Bai dpc cd npi dung trang sang, td ngdde hieu, phii hpp dae diem tam sinh li, kha nang tiep nhan cua HS kJp (tdi den 14 tua) dcae tinh Nam Lao; - Han che cau dai, cym tddai bai dpc detao dieu kien thuan Ipi cho HS nglt gipng chinh xac; - Tranh nhiing tungugpi den nhiing tdtyc tieng Lao b) Xac dinh yeu eau kTnang dgc TV cho HS kip 5: - Hinh thue doe TV chu yeu d ldp la dpc to tieng; - HS can dupc uu tien hinh va phattrien kT nang dpc dung chinh am (diing va rd tieng) rdl mdi den dpc nhanh (luu loat, trdi chay), sau nda la ngat gipng, ngd dieu, eudng dp, cao dp phu hpp vdi bai doe; - Toe dp dpc khoang 30 chu/phiit 2) Nang cao nang it/c ctio G V day TV a) Nang cao nhan thdc cho GV vest/can thiet phai nang cao hieu qua day dgc TV cho HSIdpS tai cac tinh Nam Lao: GV day TV can thay vj tri quan trpng cua van de hinh va phat trien ki nang dpc eho HS kifp tai eac tinh Nam Lao; - G V day TV cung can duqc trang bi he thdng am chuan va ludn cd y thiit phat am chuan ehinh am TV; kien tri va luon gan g u i v d i H S k e c a k h i H S eham tien bp, sda loi eham hoae khdng sua dupc toi; khdng ngung tu hpc, tuboi 28 Tap chi Gido due so 310 dudng de gdp phan nang cao hieu qua day dpc TV ndi rieng, DH TV ndi ehung b) Trang bicho G Vphuang phap day dgc TV va quy trinh day mgt tiet day dgc TVdeGVcokhanang thiet ke, to chdc bai day tren Idp dat hieu qua cao:Q\l tieh cue sudung tu the tay (dua tududi len/dua tdtren xudng/dua ngang) dedien tacao dp cua dieu, ciia tieng; viet bai dpc len bang rdi diing ki hieu de hudng d i n HS dpc bai: dau ' nghi hoi ngin, dau "IC nghi hoi dai, dau"—" dpc eham lai, keo dai gipng da'u gach dudi thehien su nhan gipng, mui ten di len ehisi/ len gipng, mui ten di xudng chi suxudng gipng ; biet each phat hien 161 va sda loi doe dung cho HS (bao gom: + phat hien va sua Idi kip thdi cho HS; + cht ro HS dpc khdng diing ve phu am dau, van hay dieu; hudng dan ti mi tdng thao tae cy the: each lay hoi, diem dat luS, each bat hoi dp mdcua mieng ; + Neu Idp ednhieuHS mac Chung mpt Idi thi GV sua tn/de ea ldp, neu chi la mpt vai ca nhan HS thi GV den sda eho tdng HS dd; + dpng vien, nang dd HS viee sua Idi ve dpc dung, tranh non nong, git gong lam HS chan nan, tuti); dpc m l u , can dpc cham, trdn vanh, rd tieng, mieng hudng ve HS de tat ea HS deu nhin thay rd sau dd to chuc cho nhieu HS dupe thue hanh dpc nhieu lan ' Quy trinh day dgc cho HS Idp tai cac tinh Nam Lao: Budc 1: Gidi thieu bai: - Thong qua tranh anh, m l u vat, G V dan dat den npi dung bai dpc; - G V doc m l u (lan 1) bai dpc de tao thu va thu hiit sutap tmng eua HS Suffc^.'Hudng d i n HS doe eae tdkh6:GV ciing vdi HS neu nhihig td khd hieu, khd dpc cd bai dpc G V viet len bang Idp cae td nay: vdi tu HS kho hieu - GV can giup HS hieu nghla cac tdnay, v(S td HS khd dpc - G V neu cu the chd khd doe (am dau/ van/thanh dieu), dpc mau, to'chdc cho HS luyen dpc dung (dong thanh, nhdm, canhan), quan sat, sda Idi cho HS BU(fc3:HudngdlnHS each dpc bai dpc:-Hudng dan HS luyen dpc cum td dai, cau dai: GV viet npi dung can luyen doe, neu cu the ve yeu cau dpc, dpc mau, HS luyen dpc diing, GV quan sat, s i b loi cho HS; - Giup HS tim hieu npi dung chinh cua bai dpc; - Hudng d i n HS ve gipng dpc, toe dp, nha'n gipng, each ngat nghl bai dpc Budc 4:J6 chdc cho HS dpc bai dpe: • GV dpc mau (lan 2) toan bai dpc; - HS dpc dpng ea ldp nhlm tao dieu kien cho HS yeu dua vao HS gidi de -(ki2-5/2013) dpc bai; - HS dpc bai theo nhdm, cap, ea nhan G V quan sat, sua Idi eho HS Budc5:Th\ dpc: - G V to chdc cho HS thi dpc giua eaccanhan,cap.nhdmvdinhau;-GV eung HS binh ehpn ca nhan cap nhdm dpc diing, dpc hay Budc6:Cung ed dan dd: - G V nhan xet tiet hpc tuyen duong HS dpc diing, dpc hay; dpng vien HS dpe chua dung, chua nhanh tieh cue dpc diing, dpc nhieu, dpc nhanh; - G V hudng d i n eho HS npi dung tuhpc va ehuan bi cho tiet hpc sau c) Bdng vien G V quan tam dae biet den van de phu dao HS yeu: - 061 vdi HS vao hpc gida ehung (ktiong theo hpc tdldp 1), GV can kien n h i n va tao dieu kien deday cac am, van, cHeu, each ghep am d i u , van, dieu detao tieng; -Doivdi HS dpc chua nhanh (edn phai danh van), GV dpng vien HS tich eye danh van; HS ehlc chin n l m dUdc am dau, van, dieu, danh v l n thao thi GV giup HS tutin va eo g l n g dpc vdi tdc dp tang dan;-Odi vdiHS dpc sai nhieu: GV ehl cuthe eho HS ttiay tdng loidpe khong dung, GV dpe m l u va khuyen khich HS luyen dpc nhieu lan desua tiing 161 dd 5) Tang cudng dau tu ca sd vat chat, trang thiet bi cho day dgc TV Bp GD-OT can phdl hpp vdi cae cap quan li cd Hen quan de tang eudng co sd vat chat, trang thiet bi phuc vu day dpc TV eho HS top cac tinh Nam Lao, nhu: bien soan va cung cap sach giao khoa, trang b j tranh m inh hpa bai dpc, tranh minh hpa tu khd hieu, kho dpc, bang ghi am, ghi hinh, dau dTa, G Tai Ii£u t h a m khao I l^PhuOTigNga Phuimg p h a p day hpc Tieng Viet 6- tiiu hpc II NXB Dgi hgc suphgm H 2009 NguySn Quang Ninh - NguySn Thuy Hdng, Tdi ii£u tap huan phuvng phdp d^y hoc tiing Viet NXB HdNdi,20\0 Nguygn Mmh Thuytft (chu bien) - Duong KJ Due NguySn Khdnh m - Trdn Hiln Luang - Do&n Thien Thuat - NguySn Viet Tifin Tieng Vi$t vui, quyen (sach thiVnghi^m) NXB Th^gi&i, H 2007 SUMMARY Currently, Vietnamese teaching pro-am in South of Laos is only for elementary school students from 3) Da dang hda cae hinh thuc dgc TV cho HS: grades I to However, many Laos students at grade • Ket hop dpe dong thanh, nhdm vdi cJpe ca nhan de' does not read Vietnamese smoothly FYom this fact, xay dung long tu tin, tao co hpi cho HS dpc tai the development of effective measures to enhance teaching of reading Vietnamese for 5th grade stuch6 ma v l n khang djnh ehlc ehin ca nhan HS dpe dents in the southern provinces of Laos becomes dupe den mue dp nao, can sda 161 gi; - Xay dung absolutely necessary There are many factors that which, phong trao "Ooi ban cung tien" cho HS yeu dua vao impact the teaching of reading Vietnamese, HS kha gidi 6i dpc va tien bp; - Khuyen khich HS read select content, determine reading skills requirements and how the teacher's teaching has a huge khdng chi dpc TV dcae bai dpc gid hpc dpc ma role to effectively teach reading Vietnamese for grade cdn ed the dpc truypn tranh, dpc bao, ten xdm, ten students in the South of Laos ta/dng, ten eua hi^u, bien chi d i n , bien quang cao, ten hang hda, thdng bao tren ti vi, tren bang tin, thu mdi bing TV; - To'ehue thi do, cae trd choi, dpc tho, THONG BAO hated lien quan den hoatdpng dpc TV; -Tang eudng cac hoat dpng ngoai khda TV Tap chi Giao due thang ki, dat mua 4) Thudng xuyen kiem tra, danb gia, dieu ehinh viec dgc TV cho HS: - Hudng d i n cho HS bilitcaeh ti/danh gia ketqua dpc TV cua minh; - GV can p h ^ ket hpp gida kia'm tra, danh gia cua GV vcA k j ^ tra, danh gia cua HS vdi va tudanh gia eua m6i HS day dpe TV; - Ngoai kiS'm tra, danh gia ket qua dpc theo djnh ki (4 lan/ nam), GV thudng xuy§n cho diem mipng de khuyen khich va kip thdi dieu chinh v i ^ hpc dpe TV cua HS top d cac tinh Nam Lao; -Cach kiem tra, danh gia can nghiem khic, yeu cau cao nhung khdng chat che va tao dupe mdi quan he hpp tac than thien, tieh cue gii/a thay va trd, giua cae tro vdi (ki2-5/2013)- thuan tien tai cac biTu cue dia phi/dng (Ma so CI92) ho5c djt mua tri/c tiep tai Toa scan (s6 lirdng Idn) theo dja chi: TAP CHI GIAO DIIC, TMnh Hoai Bite, quan hong Da, Ha Ngi Kinh mdi b^n dpc, cac ddn vj giao due, tn/dng hoc tiep tuc dat mua Tap chi Giao due nam 2013- Moi Hen he xin gt}i ve dia chi tren hoae lien lae qua so dien thoai: 04.37345363; Fax: 04.37345363 Xin trSn trpng cam dn TAP CHf GIAO DUC Tap chi Gido due so 310 29 ... eudng dp, cao dp phu hpp vdi bai doe; - Toe dp dpc khoang 30 chu/phiit 2) Nang cao nang it/c ctio G V day TV a) Nang cao nhan thdc cho GV vest/can thiet phai nang cao hieu qua day dgc TV cho HSIdpS... bj cho day dpc TV, Bien phap nang cao hieu qua day dpc TV cho HS ldp tai cac tinh Nam Lao 1) Xay di/ng ngi dung va xae dinh yeu cau kT nang phti hgp a) Xay dung ngi dung bai dgc TV eho HS Idp 5: ... ldp nhlm tao dieu kien cho HS yeu dua vao HS gidi de -(ki2 -5/ 2013) dpc bai; - HS dpc bai theo nhdm, cap, ea nhan G V quan sat, sua Idi eho HS Budc5:Th\ dpc: - G V to chdc cho HS thi dpc giua eaccanhan,cap.nhdmvdinhau;-GV